CN1388376A - 使用微小侵入性装置自动监控被分析物浓度的方法 - Google Patents

使用微小侵入性装置自动监控被分析物浓度的方法 Download PDF

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CN1388376A
CN1388376A CN02126278A CN02126278A CN1388376A CN 1388376 A CN1388376 A CN 1388376A CN 02126278 A CN02126278 A CN 02126278A CN 02126278 A CN02126278 A CN 02126278A CN 1388376 A CN1388376 A CN 1388376A
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analyte
analyte concentration
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B·索拉布
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LifeScan Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6802Sensor mounted on worn items
    • A61B5/681Wristwatch-type devices
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14532Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/66Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving blood sugars, e.g. galactose
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14507Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood
    • A61B5/1451Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood for interstitial fluid
    • A61B5/14514Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood for interstitial fluid using means for aiding extraction of interstitial fluid, e.g. microneedles or suction

Abstract

提供了“持续”监控宿主中被分析物浓度,即提供了在给定时期内在两点或多点自动测量宿主中被分析物浓度的方法和设备。在本发明方法中,实质上没有痛苦的一次性使用被分析物浓度测定装置测定宿主或其一部分例如,间质液,中感兴趣的被分析物浓度这测量可根据预定时间表自动的发生。本发明方法的设备至少有两个不同的实质上无痛苦的一次性使用的测量被分析物浓度的元件,他们处于根据预定时间表制定的激活测量元件的激活手段的控制下。也提供了本发明方法使用的系统和试剂盒。本发明方法用于监控各种不同的、感兴趣的被分析物的浓度,特别适于葡萄糖浓度的检测。

Description

使用微小侵入性装置自动 监控被分析物浓度的方法
发明领域
本发明属于分析物测定领域。
背景技术
在生理液体如血液、血液衍生的产物、间质液等中检测被分析物从来没有象当今社会这样日益重要。检测被分析物的测试发现可用于多个用途,包括临床检测实验、家庭测试等,这种检测的结果在多种疾病环境诊断和控制中扮演了重要的角色。感兴趣的被分析物,包括控制糖尿病的葡萄糖、胆固醇等等。为了适应这种日益增长的重要性而言,已经研制了各种用于临床和家庭使用检测被分析物的方案和仪器。
在历史上,血糖和其他身体被分析物的测量是侵入性的。这样的测量通常是通过抽血样,在血样或血浆中测量想测量的被分析物来实现的。血样典型的是通过将针插入一个主要的动脉或者更通常的讲是血管中而抽得的。这样早期方法采用的直接从血管中抽取血样有一些缺点,包括疼痛、血肿、其他并发症和感染。此外,由于针刺而导致的血管损伤,样品不能在常规成方式上重复。最后,病人对自己进行血管直接刺入是非常困难的。
最近发展起来的能克服上述方案关联的一些缺点的技术是通过划伤或刺破皮肤和皮下组织,包括小的、下面的血管,制造身体表面局部流血来采集血样。刺血针、小刀或其他可以划伤的设备是需要的。从身体表面采取的血样被收集在小管或其他容器中。在这种方法中指尖是最常使用的采集血样的部位,因为有大量的微血管位于这里。美国专利NO.4637403给出了这种方法。这种采样方法也要忍受几个主要的缺点,包括痛苦、潜在的感染可能和在有限区域重复采样而关联的其他问题。因为指尖有大量的神经末端,所以痛苦是主要的缺点。而且,对于高频率的采样和测量来讲皮肤表面是有限的。
由于上面描述的侵入性在先技术是痛苦的,病人经常避免做血糖测量。对糖尿病而言,在规定的基础上测量血糖失败是非常危险的。此外,划伤血管的侵入性技术给疾病传播创造了更大的机会。
已经作出了尝试来研制用于分析葡萄糖和其他被分析物的植入人体的传感器。这种植入性传感器的优点包括能提供“连续”的,慢性监控的能力,不用每次测量都要进行采血。尽管植入性传感器有很多潜在的优点,永久性的植入或长期植入、慢性植入传感器的研制还没有成功。发展短期植入性传感器(适合2-3天)的尝试也只取得了有限的成功。许多植入性传感器的基础是测量传感器上或内的试剂和想测量成分进行化学反应后生成的各种产物。植入性葡萄糖传感器典型的使用了葡萄糖氧化酶反应来测量葡萄糖的量,正如美国专利NO.5108819中描述的一样。这种植入性葡萄糖传感器要通过表皮、真皮插入到皮下组织。另有位于先前描述慢性传感器植入在腹腔。植入性的传感器典型的要求直接或遥测的连接于通常位于体外的测量装置。
所有的植入性传感器面临着几个主要问题。第一,所有的外来材料,包括掺入葡萄糖传感器的物质,会引起不希望的身体反应。这些反应包括了传感器附近的纤维变性组织的形成,纤维变性组织的形成改变了传感器和正常体液和可被分析物如葡萄糖的连接。身体的自然防御机制也可能对基于化学的传感器运作通过传感器化学反应干涉而产生直接的“有毒”的影响。对于一些植入人体的,植入的传感器也可以引起其他的身体反应,包括炎症、痛苦、组织坏死、感染和其他不希望的反应。
植入的传感器要求一定的化学物质和化学反应,通过化学反应确定在周围介质中要测量被分析物的水平。这化学反应是一些植入性传感器面对的一些主要问题的源头。基于化学的传感器要求一些产品被耗尽而另一些被生产作为传感器的正常作用。因此,传感器中用于维持所期望化学反应的化学试剂可能很快的耗尽。然后,副产品作为化学反应的结果被发出。这些副产品常常对传感器是有“毒”的,或引起其他不希望的组织反应。因为这些缺点,植入性传感器还没有应用。最后,这种植入性传感器的植入是痛苦的并成为感染的源头。
照此,提供好于传统的被分析物测量设备和方案,如对想分析物进行持续的、自动监控的测量目前可植入的被分析物浓度测量设备由于一些原因是不满意的。
相应的,人们对发展新的测量被分析物浓度的方案和设备是一直感兴趣的。特别是发展不用忍受上面评述的植入性传感器的缺点的、能持续测量被分析物浓度的系统。
相关著作
美国专利:4680628;4721677;5002054;5108819;5161532;5390671;5582184;5682233;5746217;5820520;5879310;6056738;6086545;6091975;6155992。
发明简述
提供了用于“持续”监控宿主中被分析物浓度的方法和设备,也就是自动在给定时期内在两点或多点测量宿主中被分析物浓度。在本发明方法中,实质上没有痛苦的一次性使用被分析物浓度测定装置用于测定宿主或其一部分例如,间质液,中感兴趣的被分析物浓度,这测量可根据预定时间表自动的发生。本发明的设备至少有两个不同的实质上无痛苦的一次性使用的测量被分析物浓度的元件,他们处于根据预定时间表制定的激活测量元件的激活手段的控制下。也提供了本发明方法使用的系统和试剂盒(kits)。本发明方法用于监控各种不同的、感兴趣的被分析物的浓度,特别适于葡萄糖浓度的检测。
具体实施方式详述
提供了用于自动监控宿主或其一部分中被分析物浓度的方法和设备,也就是自动在给定时期内在两点或多点自动测量宿主中被分析物浓度。在本发明方法中,实质上无痛苦的一次性使用被分析物浓度测定装置用于测定宿主或其一部分例如,间质液中感兴趣的被分析物浓度,这测量是根据预定时间表自动发生的。本发明提供的设备至少有两个不同的实质上无痛苦的一次性使用的测量被分析物浓度的元件,他们处于根据时间表制定的激活测量元件的激活手段的控制下。各种不同类型的测量时间表模式可用于本发明中。例如,该表可以根据固定的天次数或固定的时间间隔预定。该表也可以是调整性的,它对应于从在先立即或短期(如:几小时内)的资料。另外一种类型表是“预定的”,它对应于先前一段时间(如:1天或多天)的数据收集。本发明也可以提供“需求型”模式,主治医师或病人可以无视程序化测量时间表而激活测量目标被分析物。
也提供了实施本发明方法使用的系统和试剂盒。本发明方法很好的用于监控各种不同的、感兴趣的被分析物的浓度,特别适合用于基质液中葡萄糖浓度的监控。
在进一步对发明进行描述前,要理解本发明并不局限于下面要描述的特定的本发明的具体实施方式,各种可能实现的特定的具体实施方式仍落入权利要求请求保护的范围内。也要理解术语的使用是为了描述特定具体的实施方式,而不是限定。相反,本发明的保护范围是通过权利要求建立的。
在说明书和权利要求中,除了在上下文指出外单一引用包括两个。除定义外,所有的使用的技术和科学术语与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员理解的含义相同。
方法
如上面所概述的,本发明涉及用于监控宿主或其部分的感兴趣的被分析物的浓度的方法和设备。监控的意思是在给定的时期两次或多次测量感兴趣的被分析物的浓度,因此,得到在一给定时期内两次或多次测量的被分析物的浓度。给定时期通常是从一小时到数小时到天数变化。然而,给定时期典型的范围是一小时到两天,更经常是2到8小时。在给定时期至少两次测定被分析物浓度即可提供对给定时期的被分析物浓度的监控。
本发明方法的一个特点是监控是自动进行的。适合于自动监控的意思是个体的被分析物测量组成的监控方案是根据预定表形成的,典型的是在大量的以下细节描述下的自动激活手段。预定表模式可以在应当进行测量时提供精确的时间点。
对预定的“固定间隙”或周期性的时间安排模式,在实施本发明方法时,大多数的测定是在给定的时期进行的。给定时期内测量的数量必须至少部分的随而特定时期变化,测量之间的间隙或连续时间是相同的。例如,测量的时期是8小时,测量的次数至少是4次,通常是8次,更通常是16次,这个数字实质上可能更高,例如24、36、48次,或更高,这取决于在8小时内希望对被分析物浓度测量多少次。于是,在给定的时期内,单个被分析物浓度测量可以每5分钟、每10分钟、每0.5小时、每1小时、每2小时、每4小时测量一次等等。例如,如果在8小时内每10分钟测量一次,本发明方法中使用的预定时间表可以提供在t=10分钟、t=20分钟、t=30分钟、t=40分钟、t=50分钟和t=60分钟等等进行测量,从t=0开始测量,表示开始检测。在给定的时期中实施本发明方法时被分析物浓度检测的特定周期性不是关键,只要在时期内至少有两次测量发生,这样被分析物的浓度是受监控的,而只测量一次则不行。
对预定的“固定时间”时间安排模式,实施本发明时大多数的测定是在给定的时期进行的。实施测量之间的间隔不固定但可以预选定白天或夜晚的时间,例如早上8点、9点、10:30和11点。这种预定时间表可以被病人或健康护理人员安排在处于活动状态装置的程序中。
在其他的时间模式表中,测量手段的激活的开始能基于先前一个时期获得的数据。这种模式表类型是可以调整或预定的。在调整模式中,测量被基于最近过去的得到或收集数据激活,如在刚过去的的0.5到12小时内。在预定模式中,测量是基于一个较长时期例如刚过去的1到2天得到或收集的数据激活。这种类型的模式时间表可以附属于预定时间表模式,其中可调整模式或预定模式被基于先前可能超出范围的测量条件激活,例如,显示被分析物浓度的上升或下降。例如,对糖尿病病人,最近被分析物测量的几次显示葡萄糖浓度变化太快时,调整模式可以被激活。对于这样的病人,如果先前测量指示在例如过去几天的早上几小时葡萄糖水平有波动,预定模式则可以被激活。调整模式或预定模式所引发(invoke)的一种新的时间表制定模式可以自己预定固定的、部分固定的或不固定的测量间隙。例如,在最近测量中葡萄糖浓度水平有大的上升或下降的糖尿病病人中,则触发调整测量时间表制定模式,5分钟间隔测量时间表可以被引发以更严密的监控葡萄糖水平,如果情况要求额外测量,例如,立即吸入葡萄糖。在葡萄糖水平变化通常出现在白天的情况下,预定时间表模式被激活,测量可以被预定在例如早5点到早9点为0.5小时间隔,在休息一天后恢复为更典型的测量时间表。
本发明也提供了具有可选择的特点的“请求式”时间表,病人或健康护理者可无视当前预定模式以手动立即激活测量手段。例如,糖尿病病人可能想知道他或她在吃一顿含高糖物食物前或后的葡萄糖浓度。当病人看病时,内科医师可能想知道病人当前的葡萄糖水平。
本发明方法的另一个特点是在给定的监控方案中作的每一个被分析物浓度测量都是实质上没有痛苦的一次性使用被分析物测量手段。“一次性使用”意味着被分析物浓度手段是只用一次的手段,在被分析物浓度测定时不再使用。这样,本发明采用的被分析物浓度测量手段可区别于常规的植入性传感器的测量方法,常规的植入性传感器并不是一次性使用的,也就是他们使用很多次。本发明使用的被分析物浓度测量手段是更好的,可以预校准,也就是不需要预先调整来适应被分析物的测量。“实质上没有痛苦”是指本发明的被分析物浓度手段在使用时(例如,在激活或测量过程中,象插入、采样、取出,在醒着或睡着的时候)给宿主带来很小的痛苦或没有痛苦。
如上面所述,本发明方法中宿主或其中部分的被分析物浓度被监控。典型的宿主部分,例如,来自宿主的生物体液被分析物浓度被测量。感兴趣的生物体液包括血液和其分离物,例如,血清、血浆等等,间质液等等。在某些具体实施方式中,被分析物浓度是在生物体液中测量的,观察到的测量源生出宿主的另一部分的被分析物的浓度。例如,在某些具体实施方式中被分析物浓度是在宿主间质液中测量的,这个测量的数值被用于源生宿主血液中被分析物的值。
因为本发明方法的特点是使用了实质上无痛苦的一次性被分析物浓度测量设备,在许多具体实施方式中被测量的生物液是间质液。典型的间质液(ISF)是从皮肤获得的,ISF也可以从方便的皮肤部分获得,例如,表皮层、真皮层、皮下层等。
已经在先技术中研制和公开,多种ISF被分析物测量手段,也就是,在ISF液中测量被分析物的测量手段,这种测量技术可以容易的调整应用到本发明中。这种测量手段在构型上、被分析物检测的性能和测量上变化很大,例如基于光的、电的等等。代表性的测量手段包括,但不限于美国专利NO5746217;6083196;5591139;6091975等中公开的,这些公开的内容在这里一并被参考。
在许多具体实施方式中,检测手段将包括微针或能实质上没有痛苦的插入皮肤对ISF进行取样并测量结果样品ISF中被分析物浓度的类似结构。这些微针测量手段在上面列出的专利中已被公开并一并被引用。该测量手段可以被设计成在原位或在体外测量被分析物浓度。这样的测量手段可以不用从体内抽样而测量被分析物浓度,也可以抽样后在样品中测量被分析物浓度。
使用本发明方法可以对多种不同被分析物进行监控,如果长时间没有检测,本发明在对葡萄糖进行监控时更为有用,因为可以发现血糖过少和血糖过多的结果。
本发明方法在宿主或其中部分进行监控被分析物浓度的应用中,在一给定时期中使用如上面描述的分离的或在先不使用的一次性实质上无痛苦的被分析物浓度测量手段测量两个或更多个不同的或根本不同的被分析物浓度。测量结果用作为期望的一组,依赖于使用了主体监控步骤的特定的大量细节描述下的典型应用。该测量被分析物浓度的组可以使用未加工形式或希望的经过加工的形式,例如,适合于弯曲的等等,依赖于使用了主体监控步骤的特定应用。通过这种方式,被分析物浓度在宿主或其部分,例如基质液中被监控。
设备和系统
如上面描述的,本发明方法也提供了用于实际应用的设备和系统。如上面描述的,本发明的设备和系统至少包括第一和第二一次性使用的实质上无痛苦的被分析物测量手段。如上面描述的,主体设备被分析物浓度测量手段可以变化,依赖于宿主特定的区域或部分,样品的性质、被分析物的性质等等,测量手段可以是光学手段、电学手段或其他特定测量手段。在许多具体实施方式中,本发明设备的测量手段是ISF被分析物浓度测量手段,如上面回顾的。
本发明的设备和系统至少包括第一和第二被分析物检测手段,典型的包括两个以上测量手段,测量手段的数量可以是4、8、16、24或更高,依赖于设备的特定性质。
在具体实施方式中,测量手段可以在能与其余设备分离的胶片(cartridge)或类似的装置上进行,这样,给定在胶片上的全部测量手段都使用后,胶片可以被拿走,重新装上另一盒,这样不需要将整个设备丢弃。而在另一些具体实施方式中,测量手段是整体的,不能从其余设备上移走的,这样,当最后的测量手段使用后,设备就要被丢弃。因为使用胶片的具体实施方式花费较低并能有效的利用资源,在多数的具体实施方式中使用了包含可移动胶片的测量手段。
除了测量装置之外,本发明设备和系统还包括测量激活装置。测量激活装置是指有能力根据预设置或预定时间表激活设备的每一个测量装置。通常,激活手段有合适的软件和硬件组成,例如,在合适算法控制下的微处理器,根据所希望的预定表对测量手段提供可选择的激活。换句话讲,各元件组成的激活手段能根据控制激活手段的测量表模式激活每一个测量手段。典型的,激活手段包括一个给根据选择的表的模式激活每一个测量手段的激活手段中硬件提供指令的算法。激活手段的特性对设备来讲不是关键的,只要他能根据所希望的预定表对测量手段进行激活。激活手段对本领域普通技术人员来讲可以不用过度的实验而容易的从当前已知的、容易得到的元件产生。
设备中的激活手段可以是“智能型”激活手段,它可以根据它激活的单个测量手段自动的调整预定的激活表,这种表的调整是基于在先的被分析物浓度测量和它的趋势的,例如,通过激活手段得到的被分析物浓度模式。当例如,被分析物是葡萄糖以及根据预定表开始的测量指示了葡萄糖浓度的快速下降而要求测量频率的上升,激活手段就可以被计划确认这样模式变化或调整相应的激活频率。
除自动激活设备每一测量手段的激活手段以外,设备也可以包括通过命令手工激活测量手段的手段。例如,设备可以包括一个能根据意愿操纵的、即时的测量被分析物浓度按钮、杠杆(lever)或类似的手段。
设备还可以包括对来自测量手段未加工被分析物浓度测量数据的收集和处理手段,将其处理为需要的或希望的最终格式。这样,处理手段可以包括数据处理算法,将数据转化为想要的格式,例如,线形函数等等,从而将数据与宿主或其部分的被分析物浓度数据相关起来,例如,转化ISF浓度为血浓度等等。
此外,设备可以有宣读手段,表示监控的被分析物浓度。一些传统的宣读或显示手段可以被使用,包括LCD等等,显示手段可以以任何方便形式显示数据,例如,数字、图显示等等。
设备和系统可以采取各种不同的外形(configuration)。在具体实施方式中,设备是单一的、整体的设备,测量手段、处理手段、显示手段等全在一个结构上。在另一些具体实施方式中,一个或多个元件是可以与其它元件分离的。例如,测量手段可以与显示手段,遥测通讯或被分析物资料传动手段分离,例如,无线电或RF手段可以使用以在设备的两个或多个分离的元件之间提供数据通讯。
一个典型的设备的具体实施方式是“手表”实施方式,设备是装配成可绕在肢体(limbic portion)而戴的形式,例如,与表相似的样子的腕(wrist),在这种具体实施方式中,设备的所有元件位于一个单元上,这个单元通过一个可调整的皮带或其它固定手段维持与宿主皮肤的连接。设备与宿主部分的连接并不是容易看见的,例如,不用的部分或是被衣服掩盖的部分或其他的不容易被看见的部分,两元件的设备可以被使用,测量手段,例如抽样盒和传感器是设备的一个元件,显示和宣读手段在设备的另一个元件上,两个分离的元件通过通讯手段相互交换资料,资料通讯手段典型的是无线电数据交换,例如,RF电子手段。
应用
本发明方法,设备和系统有很好的各种不同应用,其中令人满意的是在一定时期监控生物样本中被被分析物浓度,这样,本发明方法可以应用于:(a)持续的或一段时间的监控被分析物,该被分析物浓度与疾病症状相关,例如,糖尿病的血糖失控,过高或过低;(b)持续的或一段时间的监控被分析物,其浓度对我们感兴趣的非病状态生理条件相关,例如,酒醉,非法使用药物;(c)持续的或一段时间的监控在药物治疗中治疗的物质,等等。
被分析物是葡萄糖时,本发明方法有很好的葡萄糖相关疾病状况例如,糖尿病和相关状况的治疗和管理等各种不同应用。在具体实施方式中,本发明方法和设备很好的应用于提供“持续”葡萄糖监控,意思是根据预定时间表,病人的葡萄糖水平可以被立即的和自动地被测量。因此,通过提供一种持续监控血糖浓度的手段和合适的需要的插入方式,例如,通过胰岛素给药、通过蔗糖摄取等等,本发明方法很好的应用于葡萄糖新陈代谢相关病况中血糖水平的管理。本发明方法也可以被用于测定或预测高血糖和低血糖状况的发生。在这样的应用中,被持续监控的被分析物浓度测量模式(pattern)可以通过将模式与对照或参考模式相比来确定病人是否出现了高血糖或低血糖。此外,可以观察测量模式,并将其与合适的对照或参考模式相比较来预测高血糖或低血糖状况的发生。本发明方法还可以是更广泛的阻止高血糖或低血糖状况的发生的治疗方案中的一部分,例如,通过本发明方法、设备和干涉模式中血糖代谢来预测这种事件的发生,阻止所预测事件的发生,例如,通过胰岛素注射或葡萄糖摄取。
本发明方法和设备很好的应用于各种不同类型的宿主以监测想监测的被分析物。宿主包括但不限于哺乳动物。哺乳动物包括有价值的牲畜,如,马、牛、羊、等,家畜如狗、猫等等,以及人。在大多数具体实施方式中,本发明方法使用的是人。
试剂盒
本发明还提供了用于本发明方法的试剂盒。在一个具体实施方式中,试剂盒包括本发明发明使用的设备。设备可以是一个整体的,可以是由两个或多个分离的元件组成的,例如,显示元件和测量元件。在具体实施方式中,设备可以是测量手段在可移动的胶片上。在这样的具体实施方式中,试剂盒可以包括一个单一胶片,两个或三个胶片。在其他的一些具体实施方式中,本发明试剂盒可以包括在试剂盒中不包括的分离的设备上使用的一个或更多的胶片。最后,试剂盒典型地包括用本发明试剂测试条在生理样品中确定被分析物浓度的指令。这些指令可放在一个或多个包装,一个标志插入物,试剂盒中包含的容器等等。
本发明方法和设备提供了持续测量感兴趣的被分析物而不面临植入性被分析物传感器面临的问题。例如,因为使用了一次性使用的实质上无痛苦的测量手段,避免了使用者的痛苦和刺激。此外,单个测量手段的使用不需要校准。.此外,对于葡萄糖,本发明方法和设备不仅可以在宿主不参与的状态下迅速准确的检测高血糖和低血糖的发生。还可以用于快速预测高血糖和低血糖状况的发生,因此提供了改进血糖相关性疾病状况的管理或控制。这样,本发明在这个领域中作出了显著的贡献。
本说明书中出现的所有的出版物和专利在这里包含参考如每一个单独的出版物和专利是作为明确的和独特的指示被引用。一些出版物的应用是作为提交申请前公开的背景技术,而不能解释为加入在先发明的优点。
前面的发明为了清楚和理解,通过例证和举例的方法进行了细节上的描写,本领域普通技术人员很容易在本发明所授内容的启示下改变而制造变体,仍落在本申请权利要求的范围内。

Claims (11)

1、一种在给定时期内监测在宿主或其一部分上被分析物浓度的方法,所述的方法包括:
(a)在所述时期的第一点使用第一个实质上无痛苦的一次性使用被分析物浓度测量手段,在所述宿主或其一部分中进行第一被分析物测量;
(b)在所述时期的第二点使用第二个实质上无痛苦的一次性使用被分析物浓度测量手段;在所述宿主或其一部分中作出第二被分析物测量;和
(c)非强制性地在所说时期内使用一个或多个附加的实质上无痛苦的一次性使用被分析物浓度测量手段测量一个或多个附加的被分析物浓度。
所述的被分析物浓度测量是根据选择的时间模式表来监控在给定时期内在宿主或其一部分上监测被分析物的浓度。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所说的被分析物浓度测量是在原位进行的。
3、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所说的被分析物浓度测量是在体外进行的。
4、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所说的选择的时间模式表包括预定时间表。
5、在给定时期内,在宿主的间质液中监控葡萄糖浓度的方法,所说的方法包括:
(a)在所述的给定时期内的第一点使用第一个实质上无痛苦的一次性使用的间质液葡萄糖浓度测量手段测量第一个间质液葡萄糖浓度;
(b)在所述的给定时期内的第二点使用第二个实质上无痛苦的一次性使用的间质液葡萄糖浓度测量手段测量第二个间质液葡萄糖浓度;
(c)非强制性地在所说时期内使用一个或多个附加的实质上无痛苦的一次性使用的间质液葡萄糖浓度测量手段测量一个或多个附加的间质液葡萄糖浓度;
所述的间质液葡萄糖浓度测量是根据预定的时间模式表来监控在一给定时期内间质液葡萄糖浓度。
6、根据权利要求5的方法,所用方法使用的设备包括:
(a)至少第一个和第二个实质上无痛苦的一次性使用的间质液葡萄糖浓度测量手段;和
(b)可以根据预定时间表激活所述的第一和第二测量手段的激活手段。
7、用于在一给定时期内监控宿主或其一部分中被分析物浓度的设备,包括:
(a)至少第一个和第二个实质上无痛苦的一次性使用的被分析物浓度测量手段;和
(b)可以根据预定表选择性激活所述的第一和第二被分析物浓度测量手段的激活手段。
8、根据权利要求7的设备,其中所说的实质上无痛苦被分析物浓度测量装置是间质液被分析物浓度测量手段。
9、根据权利要求8的设备,其中所述的间质液被分析物浓度测量手段包括微针。
10、用于在给定时期内监测在宿主或其一部分上被分析物浓度的系统,所述的系统包括:
(a)一个包含至少第一个和第二个实质上无痛苦的一次性使用的被分析物浓度测量手段的可移动胶片;和
(b)一个设备,所述的胶片可以被装入,所述的设备包含可以根据预定时间表选择性激活胶片中的第一和第二被测量手段的激活手段。
11、用于在一给定时期内监测在宿主或其一部分上被分析物浓度的试剂盒,所述的试剂盒包括:
至少其中之一
(a)一个包含至少第一个和第二个实质上无痛苦的一次性使用的被分析物浓度测量手段的可移动胶片;和
(b)一个设备,所述的胶片可以被装入,所述的设备包含可以根据预定表选择性激活胶片中的第一和第二被测量手段的激活手段。
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