CN1511357A - 可调双频天线系统 - Google Patents
可调双频天线系统 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/005—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
- H01Q5/335—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors at the feed, e.g. for impedance matching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/06—Details
- H01Q9/14—Length of element or elements adjustable
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
- H03H7/38—Impedance-matching networks
- H03H7/40—Automatic matching of load impedance to source impedance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
- H04B1/0458—Arrangements for matching and coupling between power amplifier and antenna or between amplifying stages
Abstract
本发明提供了一种可调双频天线系统,该系统包括一收发器、一匹配网络、及一天线。该匹配网络可以在第一和第二频率上将天线调谐至收发器。相应地,该匹配网络具有一可变电容器、一电感器和一第二电容器。选择可变电容器的电容值可在第一频率和第二频率调谐天线,以使该系统就能够在两个带宽上发射和接收电磁能量。通过选择可变电容器的值、电感器的值、以及第二电容器的值,在第一频率和第二频率处,可将驻波比降到最小。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般涉及天线的匹配网络(matching network),尤其涉及用于可调双频天线的匹配网络。
背景技术
为了保证最大限度地将能量从射频(RF)发射器传送到天线,天线与用于频率发射的发射器之间的阻抗应该是匹配的。如果阻抗匹配,那么天线将最高效地发射信号。然而,如果阻抗不匹配,发射能量则会损耗,天线的性能会下降。
为了匹配发射器与天线之间的阻抗,需要设置一个匹配网络。对于普通偶极天线,匹配网络会使偶极天线的阻抗与发射器的阻抗匹配。参看图1,示出了现有技术中用于发射器12和偶极天线14的匹配网络10。发射器10产生一RF信号,通过长度为l的偶极天线12发射出去。通常,长度l由所发射信号的波长确定。例如,偶极天线的长度可以是波长的1/4、1/2、或3/4。
现有技术中的匹配网络10包括一电感器16,其第一导线与发射器12的输出相连接。此外,匹配网络10包括连接在电感器16的第二导线与接地之间的电容器18。另外,电感器16的第二导线与偶极天线14相连。这样,电感器16和电容器18就形成一LC网络,通过选择电容器18与电感器16的值,就能匹配发射器12与规定频率的偶极天线14之间的阻抗。
发射器12将在规定频带内生成RF信号。匹配网络10在该规定频带内实现发射器12与天线14之间的阻抗匹配。通过选择电感器16的值和电容器18的值,就可以在期望的频率带宽实现适合的阻抗匹配。通过改变电感器16和电容器18的值,就可以调节匹配网络10,从而,天线14就可在规定的频率带宽内发射信号。
参看图2,示出了利用现有技术的匹配网络10的情况下,传播信号的发射能量值与频率之间的关系。具体地说,示出了使用图1中与现有技术的匹配网络10及发射器12相连的天线14传播信号的电压驻波比(SWR)。很明显,在频率f1和f2之间,即SWR最小处,天线14将有效发射信号。而在该频带以外,SWR会增加,因此天线14不能高效地发射信号,信号的大部分会被反射回来。因此,只有在频率f1和f2之间发射时,发射器12传播的能量才会高效发射。
因此,现有技术的匹配网络10存在只能调节到单个规定带宽的不足。例如,电容器18和电感器16值的选择必须针对单一的频率f1和f2之间的频带,从而在该频带外的能量将不能实现高效发射。
目前,无线电话能够在两个不同的频带上发射信号。例如,第一频带可以在824-895MHz之间(即低频带)而第二频带可以1.85-1.99GHz之间(即高频带)。为了能在低频带和高频带均能发射信号,天线就必须能高效发射在两个频带内产生的信号。然而,如上如述,具有偶极天线14的现有技术匹配网络10只能在单一频带内高效发射信号。因此,对于双频带发射方案,必须使用其它可选的信号发射方法。
具体地,使用三维天线在两个频带上发射信号。而三维天线体积庞大,不方便使用。例如,对于双频无线电话,无线电话外壳的设计要根据三维天线的物理尺寸设计。然而,这很不实际,因为无线设备具体体现为计算机或PDA的插入式外设卡(即PCMCIA卡)。卡的尺寸导致不可能使用三维天线。
可选地,可以使用两副天线,即一个频带使用一副天线。通过设置,每副天线都可发射高频或低频信号。为了正确操作,两副天线将与一个频率开关相连,该频率开关会将信号引到正确的天线上。例如,开关会将低频信号引到低频信号配置天线,而将高频信号引到高频信号配置天线。然而,双天线和频率开关会增加无线电话的尺寸和复杂性。两副天线占用空间是一副天线的两倍,而频率开关会增加系统的成本和复杂性。因此,使用双天线不适合需要插入计算机或PDA的无线设备。
在双频天线系统的设计中,本发明通过设置一匹配网络(能够使用单个偶极天线用于两个频带)解决上述问题。具体地说,本发明的匹配网络能够使用一个单一偶极天线,高效发射两个频段的信号,从而降低双频段天线系统的尺寸和复杂性。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供了一个用于高频带和低频带的可调双频天线系统。该系统包括一个收发器和与收发器电连接的匹配网络。显然,该收发器可以是一个发射器或一个接收器,而不会影响系统的功能性。该系统进一步包括一副与匹配网络电连接的天线。通常,天线的长度约为第一和第二频率的最小波长长度的1/4。通过操作匹配网络,可在第一和第二频率使天线的阻抗与收发器的阻抗匹配。匹配网络包括可变电容器、第二电容器、以及电感器,它们用于在第一和第二频率对收发器的匹配网络和天线实施调节。
在本优选实施例中,操作可变电容可将天线调节到以第一频率为中心频率的第一频带以及以第二频率为中心频率的第二频带。为了调谐第一频率和第二频率,可设置一个可改变可变电容器电容的控制器。显然,通过选择可变电容、电感器、以及第二电容器的值,以便在第一频率和第二频率处,将系统的电压驻波比(SWR)降到最小。
根据本发明,提供了用于天线和收发器的匹配网络。匹配网络包括与天线电连接的一个电感器和与电感器和接地电压电连通的电容。该系统还包括与电感器和收发器电连通的一个可变电容器。通过操作可变电容,可在第一和第二频率使天线的阻抗与收发器的阻抗匹配。因此,可变电容器具有对应调谐到第一频率的第一电容值和调谐到第二频率的第二电容值。选择的第一和第二电容值可在第一频率和第二频率使系统的驻波比降到最小。
附图说明
参照附图,本发明的这些和其它特性将变得更加清楚:
图1为现有技术无线匹配网络及天线的电路图;
图2为图1中所示天线和现有技术匹配网络的驻波比(SWR)与频率之间的关系图;
图3为根据本发明构造的天线匹配网络和天线的电路框图;以及
图4示出了图2中天线与匹配网络的SWR与频率之间的关系。
具体实施方式
现在参见附图,其中附图的目的仅为显示而非限制本发明的优选实施例。图3为双频段天线系统100的电路框图。天线系统100包括与匹配网络104电连接的收发器102。对于本领域技术人员而言,很显然,根据具体应用,收发器100也可以是接收器或发射器。如图3所示,匹配网络104与长度为l的偶极天线106相连。长度l通常为较低频带波长长度的1/4。匹配网络104用于实现两种规定频率带宽的天线106与收发器102之间的阻抗匹配。
具体地,参照图3,匹配网络104具有一个可变电容器108,其第一导线与收发器102电连接。可变电容器108的第二导线与电感器110的第一导线电连接。电感器110的第二导线与天线106以及第二电容器112电连接。如图3所示,具体地,第二电容器112具有连接在天线106和电感器110之间的第一导线、以及接地的第二导线。
匹配网络104用于在两个频带上实现天线106与收发器102之间的阻抗匹配。通过加入可变电容器108,就可以将天线系统100调到高频带Bh和低频带Bl。在优选实施例中,电容器108的取值可以在制造时根据使用的两个频带选取。作为选择,可以预见到可变电容器108可由控制器114控制。具体地,控制器114可以根据要发送和/或接收的频率改变可变电容器108的电容。确定可变电容器108以及电感器110和电容器112的取值,以在高频带Bh和低频带Bl的中心频率处高效地发射来自收发器102的信号。
参看图4,示出了频率与天线系统100的SWR之间的关系。可以看出,位于高频带Bh和低频带Bl的中心处,存在SWR的两个最小值。因此,在f1与f2之间和f3与f4之间会出现高效的能量传输。在其它频率处,驻波比(SWR)会增加至一个点,而从收发器102到天线106的能量转移效率降低。在无线通信设备中,低频段Bl可在约824-895MHz之间,而高频带Bh可在约1.85-1.99GHz之间。显然,由于应用类型的不同,高频带Bh和低频带Bl的值会有所不同;因此,要相应地选取可变电容器108、电感器110、和电容器112的取值。
显然,本发明提供了一种物理尺寸很小的可调双频天线系统。可以使用标准的偶极天线106用于信号的传输。相应地,为了实现系统100的双频段调谐,匹配网络104只需要一个额外部件(即,可变电容器108)。因此,对于尺寸要求严格的无线应用(如PCMCIA和PC卡的无线调制解调器)而言,天线系统100会很理想。
为实现天线系统100的操作,必须首先选定B1和Bh的取值。具体地讲,就必须知道系统100要发送和接收的两种信号的频带Bl和Bh。一旦知道了频带,就可以根据本领域内用于阻抗匹配的已知方法,选取可变电容器108、电感器110、以及第二电容器112的值。如上所述,选取的可变电容器108、电感器110、以及第二电容器112的值要在Bl和Bh处使SWR最小。
通过经天线106接收信号使系统100运行。通过匹配网络104,将由天线106接收的信号的阻抗与收发器102匹配,如上所述,这样信号的全部能量就能够被收发器102接收。类似地,在发射模式中,通过收发器102生成一个信号到匹配网络104使系统100运行,匹配网络104再将信号的阻抗与天线106匹配。在这种方式中,如果频率落在Bl和Bh之间,匹配网络104就能保证信号的高效发射。
显然,对于本领域技术人员而言,可以很容易对本发明进行其它修改与改进,例如使用一种结构不同于偶极天线的不同类型天线。因此,这里描述与说明的部件的特定组合,仅用于描述本发明的一个特定实施例,而不是在本发明的精神与范围内限制其它可选装置的使用。
Claims (17)
1.一种可调双频天线系统,所述系统包括:
一收发器;
一电连接至所述收发器的匹配网络;以及
一电连接至所述匹配网络的天线;
其中,通过操作所述匹配网络,在第一频率和第二频率使所述收发器与所述天线的阻抗匹配。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,通过操作所述匹配网络,匹配所述收发器的阻抗,所述收发器用于在中心频率为所述第一频率的第一频带以及中心频率为所述第二频率的第二频带。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述匹配网络包括第一电容器、第二电容器、以及电感器,以调谐用于所述第一频率和所述第二频率的天线。
4.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其中,通过选择所述第一电容器的值,使所述匹配网络能够调谐所述第一频率和第二频率。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统,其中,所述第一电容器为可变电容器,可进行操作而改变其电容,所述可变电容器用于所述第一频率和所述第二频率。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统,其中,所述匹配网络还包括能够改变所述第一电容器的电容的控制器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统,其中,通过选择所述第一电容器的值、所述电感器的值、以及所述第二电容的值,在所述第一频率和所述第二频率处使所述系统的驻波比降到最小。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,天线的长度l约等于所述第一频率和所述第二频率中最低频率的波长的1/4。
9.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述收发器为发射器。
10.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述收发器为接收器。
11.用于天线和收发器的匹配网络,所述匹配网络包括:
与所述天线电连通的电感器;
与所述电感器、所述天线、以及接地电压电连通的第一电容器;以及
与所述电感器和所述收发器电连通的第二电容器,通过操作第二电容器,在第一频率和第二频率处可使所述收发器的阻抗与所述天线匹配。
12.根据权利要求11所述的匹配网络,其中,所述第二电容器为可变电容器,在第一频率和第二频率处,通过选择所述可变电容器的值可使所述收发器的阻抗与所述天线匹配。
13.根据权利要求12所述的匹配网络,还包括能够改变所述可变电容器的电容的控制器。
14.根据权利要求13中所述的匹配网络,其中,通过选择所述可变电容器的值、所述电感器的值、以及所述电容器的值,在所述第一频率和所述第二频率处使所述收发器和所述天线之间的驻波比降到最低。
15.一种在配备有收发器和天线的天线系统中以第一频率和第二频率执行能量有效传输的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)提供一匹配网络;
b)使用所述匹配网络,在所述第一频率使所述系统的驻波比降到最低;以及
c)使用所述匹配网络,在所述第二频率使所述系统的驻波比降到最低。
16.根据权利要求15中所述的方法,其中,步骤(a)包括提供具有第一电容器、电感器、和第二电容器的匹配网络,用于在所述第一频率和所述第二频率处使所述系统的SWR降到最低。
17.根据权利要求16中所述的系统,其中,步骤(a)还包括选择所述可变电容器的值、所述电感器的值、以及所述第二电容器的值,以便在所述第一频率和所述第二频率处使所述驻波比降到最低。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/864,614 | 2001-05-23 | ||
US09/864,614 US6400336B1 (en) | 2001-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Tunable dual band antenna system |
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CN1511357A true CN1511357A (zh) | 2004-07-07 |
CN100481614C CN100481614C (zh) | 2009-04-22 |
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US (2) | US6400336B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1396048A1 (zh) |
KR (2) | KR20040002994A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100481614C (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2002095872A1 (zh) |
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- 2002-05-21 WO PCT/CA2002/000742 patent/WO2002095872A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-05-21 EP EP02732258A patent/EP1396048A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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US10199727B2 (en) | 2014-06-16 | 2019-02-05 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Variable capacitor-based antenna adjustment method and related apparatus |
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CN105098381A (zh) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-11-25 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | 一种天线装置及电子设备 |
CN106539568A (zh) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-03-29 | 悦享趋势科技(北京)有限责任公司 | 可佩戴式生理监测设备及其天线系统 |
Also Published As
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KR20040002994A (ko) | 2004-01-07 |
US6400336B1 (en) | 2002-06-04 |
US6697030B2 (en) | 2004-02-24 |
EP1396048A1 (en) | 2004-03-10 |
US20020175870A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
CN100481614C (zh) | 2009-04-22 |
KR20090060310A (ko) | 2009-06-11 |
WO2002095872A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
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