CN1526195A - 用于控制动力工具中的电机轴的速度和频率的微处理器 - Google Patents

用于控制动力工具中的电机轴的速度和频率的微处理器 Download PDF

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CN1526195A
CN1526195A CNA028138732A CN02813873A CN1526195A CN 1526195 A CN1526195 A CN 1526195A CN A028138732 A CNA028138732 A CN A028138732A CN 02813873 A CN02813873 A CN 02813873A CN 1526195 A CN1526195 A CN 1526195A
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motor
control system
power supply
duty factor
controller
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�ܸ��L�����ɭ
杰弗里·L·亨德森
宏·穆恩
�ֵ�����
马克·沃德拉普
伊凡·里德
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TE Connectivity Corp
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Tyco Electronics Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/285—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only
    • H02P7/29—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using pulse modulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00—Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
    • B23P19/06—Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
    • B23P19/065—Arrangements for torque limiters or torque indicators in screw or nut setting machines
    • B23P19/066—Arrangements for torque limiters or torque indicators in screw or nut setting machines by electrical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/0833—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for electric motors with control arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/085—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors against excessive load
    • H02H7/0856—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors against excessive load characterised by the protection measure taken
    • H02H7/0858—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors against excessive load characterised by the protection measure taken by reversing, cycling or reducing the power supply to the motor

Abstract

一种用于驱动动力工具的控制系统，包括：电源；电机，适于驱动一轴；动力开关单元，与所述电源和所述电机互连；以及控制器。所述动力开关单元将来自所述电源的脉宽调制PWM驱动信号施加到所述电机上。所述控制器监测所述电源、电机和动力开关单元中的至少一个的至少一个电气特征，并且基于所述电气特征调整PWM驱动信号的工作占空因数。

Description

用于控制动力工具中的电机轴的速度和频率的微处理器
技术领域
本发明的至少一个实施例大体涉及一种变速动力工具。更具体地，本发明的至少一个实施例涉及对动力工具中的电动机的速度和频率进行的控制。
背景技术
手持动力工具，例如电钻、螺丝刀等，使用电动机来给卡持工具的夹头提供动力。这样的动力工具通常包括一个供使用者手动操作的扳机(trigger)，使用者通过下压扳机来控制电机。其中的电机和夹头的速度基于扳机下压的量可变的动力工具被公知为变速动力工具。动力工具包括由AC或DC电源供能电机，其中AC或DC电源为电机提供电流。当使用者挤压扳机时，更多的电力被传送给电机，从而使电机轴旋转得更快。一旦扳机被释放，则不再将电流传送给所述电机。
典型地，动力工具包括速度控制电路，该电路使用脉宽调制(PWM)来控制施加到电机上的电压。更具体地，PWM控制电路快速循环通断供给电机的电力。PWM控制电路基于扳机位置控制占空因数(duty cycle)。扳机被挤压得越多，接通时间占空因数越大，轴旋转越快速。
当工作负载超过电机或电池的能力时，动力工具通常经受高电流或者失速状态(stalled condition)。这些状态在电池、电机和工具的其它电气组件上产生极大的负载。这些状态也通过损坏电池、电机和工具的其它电气组件减小了工具的有效性。
传统的动力工具利用旁路触点扩大了(exaggerate)失速状态的负面效果，所述旁路触点在闭合时旁通所述变速控制。所述旁路触点在所需动力输出超出一定点时闭合。当旁路触点闭合时，工具直接将电机和电池连接起来以将所有可用电能输送给电机。在这样的情况下，由于使用旁路触点可能损坏电池、电机或工具中的其它电气组件，因此使用旁路触点是不理想的。旁路触点的使用由此可能导致工具寿命减短，还会导致失速电机状态。
存在对如下这种控制电路的需求，该控制电路能更有效地在确定占空因数时监测动力工具的电气状态。还存在对这样一种控制电路的需求，该控制电路在确定占空因数的频率时能监测动力工具的电气状态。仍存在对这样一种动力工具控制器的需求，该控制器能提供给电机最大量的能量，同时不会损坏电池，并且消除或减少失速电机状态。
发明内容
根据本发明的至少一个实施例，提供一控制系统来驱动一动力工具，所述控制系统包括：电源；电机，适于驱动一轴；以及动力开关单元，该动力开关单元互连电源和电机。动力开关单元将来自电源的脉宽调制(PWM)驱动信号施加到电机上。一控制器监测电源、电机和动力开关单元中的至少一个的至少一种电气特征，并且基于所述电气特征调整PWM驱动信号的工作占空因数。
本发明的另一实施例的一个方面是监测电源、电机或动力开关单元的电压。可选地，所述控制系统可监测电源、电机或动力开关单元的电流。
本发明的一实施例的另一方面是使用这样一种控制器，该控制器检测跨过电源的电压降。可选地，所述控制器检测跨过所述电源和电机的电压降。
在本发明一实施例中，动力开关单元包括串联连接在电源和电机之间的功率MOSFET。功率MOSFET在通断状态之间切换，以改变所述PWM驱动信号的脉冲宽度。可选地，连接到控制器的输入导线提供了指示扳机位置或电机速度的使用者触发信号。可选地，PWM驱动信号调整电机的速度。
本发明的一实施例的另一方面是使用电压传感器来监测跨过电源、电机和控制器中的至少一个的电压降。可选地，所述控制器确定代表由使用者选定的目标电机状态的目标占空因数，并且控制器将工作占空因数设定在目标占空因数以下或者一个不等于目标占空因数的数值上。可选地，可从峰值电流和电源输送峰值电流处或峰值电流附近的电流的时间周期来设置工作占空因数。
附图说明
结合附图，将会更好地明白上述总结内容与下述对本发明优选实施例的详细描述。出于说明本发明的目的，在附图中示出了优选的实施例。但应该明白，本发明不局限于附图中的精确布置和方式。
图1示出了根据本发明一实施例制成的动力工具；
图2示出了根据本发明一实施例的控制电路的示意图；
图3是对于不同动力工具和本发明的优选实施例，所施加的电压随时间的变化图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了动力工具10，其带有主体70、扳机80、正反向控制器90、变速电机20、用于保持一工具的夹头30、DC电池40、驱动轴60和用于驱动电机20的控制系统50。工具10的电机20适于通过轴60驱动夹头30。扳机80通过基于使用者挤压扳机80的量来控制从电池30输送到电机20的电流，从而允许使用者改变夹头30的速度。
图2示出了根据本发明一个实施例制成的控制系统50。控制系统50与DC电池40和电机20串联。DC电池40具有正端子41和负端子42，所述负端子与第一组触点100电连接。电池40的端子41和42连接到第一组触点100上并与通断开关110串联布置。制动开关115和MOSFET(金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)130相互串联布置并且横跨过触点100和电池40连接。
调压器140包括通过一个触点100连接到电池40的一个端子上的输入。调压器140的输出连接到微处理器120上的功率输入端子VCC。调压器140调整传输给微处理器120的电压。调压器140还包括与分压计150的一端相连的接地端子GND。分压计150的相对一端与微处理器120的输入端子VCC相连。分压计150上的中心抽头与微处理器120上的基准输入端子GP4相连，以监测调压器140的输出电压。微处理器120连接到一音频输出160。
第一分压器170、171设置在电池40的端子之间。分压器170、171的中心抽头与微处理器120的输入端子GP1连接，以监测跨过电池40的电势。第二分压器180、181跨过功率MOSFET的端子设置。分压器180、181的中心抽头182连接到微处理器120的输入端子GP2以监测跨过功率MOSFET130的电势。可选地，AC电源也可使用AC到DC转换器来给第一组触点传送DC电能。
控制系统50在使用者挤压扳机80时确定电机20的占空因数和/或频率。通断开关110由扳机80控制，并且在扳机80被释放时打开，在扳机80被挤压时闭合。可选地，通断开关110也可以基于位于扳机80附近的按钮被打开和闭合，以便提供附加的灵活性(sofets)。DC电池40借助于通断开关110与电机20连接或断开。电机20的电感和电阻在图2中示意性作为线圈电感21和线圈电阻22模拟。电机20还包括正反向开关25，该开关25使使用者能通过正反向控制器90来转换工具的方向。当使用者完全释放扳机80时，通断开关110打开，而制动开关115闭合。当制动开关115闭合时，其产生跨过电机20的端子的短路电流。当通断开关110打开时，电力不再被传输给电机20。但是，电机20继续旋转，由此作为一个发电机工作。当电机20作为一个发电机工作时，电机20产生直接由制动开关115短路的电流。所述短路电流抑制来自电机20的电流，这又导致由绕组产生的磁场与周围的永磁体的磁场相互干涉，从而在驱动轴50和夹头30上产生制动力。
控制系统还包括续流二极管200，该续流二极管与电机20电连接。当电流通过电感21时，功率MOSFET130断开，电流通过续流二极管200耗散。还设置有两个二极管210、220，用来防止功率MOSFET130快速断开。
功率MOSFET130和微处理器120电连接到控制系统。微处理器120循环通断功率MOSFET130以产生PWM电流/电压到电机20。微处理器120可以商购得到，例如8管脚微处理器。微处理器120可以根据工具10的组件或器件数目而更大或更小。
控制系统50包含两个分压网络170-172和180-182，这两个分压网络感测工具电气组件的电压。一个分压网络180-182与电池40电连接，感测跨过电池40的电压并将电池电压提供给微处理器120。另一分压网络170-172与功率MOSFET130电连接，感测跨过MOSFET130的电压并将跨过MOSFET130的电压提供给微处理器120。
控制系统50还可以包括一个调压器140，该调压器监测微处理器120和工具的其它电气组件并将稳定的工作电压提供给微处理器120和工具的其它电气组件。控制系统50还可以包括一分压计150，该分压计确定来自调压器140的最大电压，并基于来自扳机80的输入来确定并传送该最大输入电压到微处理器120。控制系统50还可以包括音频输出160。该音频输出160可以是压电扬声器或者任何其它可提供音频信号给使用者的装置。
在操作中，当使用者压下扳机80，通断开关110闭合，电流(沿着并以路径A的方向)从电池40向电机20流动。微处理器120基于扳机80的位置确定所需的占空因数。微处理器120监测跨过电池40和功率MOSFET的电压，并确定(基于使用者输入的)所需占空因数是否超过最大安全输出。
如果微处理器120确定所需输出在安全范围内，则实际占空因数将是由使用者选定的所需占空因数。控制系统50根据使用者选定的占空因数将PWM电流/电压信号传送给电机20，电机20驱动驱动轴60，而驱动轴60又驱动夹头30。但如果微处理器120确定所需占空因数超过安全工作参数，则微处理器120将把占空因数调整到极限或者消除对电池40、电机20或者功率MOSFET130的损害。在微处理器120确定占空因数在安全工作范围内之后，微处理器120通过循环通断功率MOSFET130而将PWM电流/电压提供给电机20。当使用者完全释放扳机80时，通断开关110打开。
仅作为示例，使用者可以挤压扳机80来指示需要驱动轴60以其最大旋转能力的75％来旋转。但是，鉴于电池40的现有状况、引入到驱动轴60上的现有作用力、目前作用到电机20和功率MOSFET130上的需求、以及其它考虑，微处理器120可以确定与旋转轴60的旋转速度为最大旋转速度的75％相关的占空因数或者是不能达到，或者是不适宜。基于这些输入，微处理器120可以确定与小于75％的旋转速度相关的较低占空因数是优选地。因此微处理器120可以(只作为示例)驱动功率MOSFET130来将PWM电流/电压传送给电机20，电机20只提供驱动轴60最大旋转速度的约50％的旋转速度。
控制系统监测并限制施加到电机20、电池40和工具的其它电气组件上的过量电流。控制系统也可以监测电池40的充电量降低，并防止电池40的放电低于一定水平。
微处理器120通过分压器170-172及180-182监测电池40的电压和跨过功率MOSFET130的电压。这些输入使得微处理器120可以确定电池40的状态以及施加到电机20上的电流。例如，微处理器120能检测到跨过电机20、电池40和其它电气组件的过量电流。当微处理器120检测到过量电流穿过电机20、功率MOSFET130或其它电气组件时，占空因数降低并由此将电流降低到一个可接受的水平。微处理器120检测到跨过电池40的低电压时，微处理器120可以降低占空因数来减少电池40上的漏电压。
控制系统50还检测工具的电气状态，以确定工具10是否已经失速。一旦微处理器120确定工具10已经失速，微处理器120转换到“棘动模式(ratchet mode)”并改变将驱动信号输送给电机20的频率。通过改变输送信号的频率，控制系统使可用电流最大化，并提高工具的能力以消除失速状态。
例如，如果使用者挤压扳机80，微处理器120确定应该应用50％的占空因数。功率MOSFET130在调制脉冲中通断并在50％的时间内将电流提供给电机20。当功率MOSFET130处于连通状态时，它从电池40取得高电流，由此跨过MOSFET130的电压增高，并且跨过电池40的电压也增高。这种情况表示电机20拖拽(pulling)一个高电流。于是在下一个半周期，MOSFET130断开。如果电机20没有旋转，即如果跨过电机20没有产生电压，那么这种情况指示出电机20处于失速状态。当微处理器120检测到失速的电机20状态，则微处理器120将把工具10转换到一棘动模式。在棘动模式下，微处理器120改变给电机20输送电流的频率。换句话说，当在棘动模式下，微处理器120加长周期或占空因数。例如，在正常运行期间，频率可以为10Hz，对应于1毫秒的周期。在棘动模式下，频率可以降低到1Hz，对应于1秒的周期或占空因数。
通过将输送到电机20的电流的频率变化为较低的频率，短高电流猝发被传送给电机20。棘动模式运行减少了自电池40泄漏的电压量。棘动模式也提高了工具消除失速电机20状态的能力。在一个实施例中，在微处理器120转换为棘动模式之前，可将微处理器设置成在微处理器120感测到失速状态之后等候预定的周期数。
图3示出了电压随时间变化的一系列曲线：a)只有开/关状态的工具，b)带PWM控制的工具，c)在棘动模式下受控的工具。如图3所示，在棘动模式下运行的工具在接通电压下将更长的脉冲传送给电机，其后是更长的0电压或低电压状态周期。
可选地，可对其它组件或参数(measurements)进行监测以确定工具的占空因数或频率(即，棘动模式)是否应由微处理器120进行调整。例如，电机20的速度可由微处理器120监测。另外，可用扬声器160来指示何时占空因数已经被调整，何时工具处于棘动模式，或何时电池40或另一组件需要改变。
可选地，控制系统50可用于其它类型的动力工具，例如螺丝刀、锯等。
虽然参照优选实施例对本发明进行了描述，但本领域的技术人员将会明白，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，可做出各种变化以及可用等价物加以替换。另外，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，可作修改以使特定的情况或材料适于本发明的教导。因此，本发明不局限于所公开的特定实施例，而是包括落在所附权利要求范围内的所有实施例。

Claims (41)

1、一种用于驱动动力工具的控制系统，包括：
电源；
电机，其适于驱动一轴；
动力开关单元，其互连所述电源和所述电机，所述动力开关单元将来自所述电源的脉宽调制PWM驱动信号施加到所述电机上；以及
控制器，其监测所述电源、电机和动力开关单元中的至少一个的至少一种电气特征，并且基于所述电气特征调整PWM驱动信号的工作占空因数。
2、如权利要求1所述的控制系统，其中，所述电气特征为电压。
3、如权利要求1所述的控制系统，其中，所述电气特征为电流。
4、如权利要求1所述的控制系统，其中，所述控制器检测跨过所述电源的电压降。
5、如权利要求1所述的控制系统，其中，所述控制器检测跨过所述电源和所述电机的电压降。
6、如权利要求1所述的控制系统，其中，所述动力开关单元包括串联连接在所述电源和所述电机之间的功率MOSFET，所述功率MOSFET在通断状态之间切换，以改变所述PWM驱动信号的脉冲宽度。
7、如权利要求1所述的控制系统，还包括连接到所述控制器的输入导线，提供指示扳机位置的使用者触发信号。
8、如权利要求1所述的控制系统，还包括连接到所述控制器的输入导线，提供指示使用者所需电机速度的使用者触发信号。
9、如权利要求1所述的控制系统，其中，PWM驱动信号调整电机的速度。
10、如权利要求1所述的控制系统，还包括电压传感器，用来监测跨过所述电源、所述电机和所述控制器中的至少一个的电压降。
11、如权利要求1所述的控制系统，其中，所述控制器确定目标占空因数，该目标占空因数代表由使用者选定的目标电机状态，并且将工作占空因数设置在所述目标占空因数以下。
12、如权利要求1所述的控制系统，其中，所述控制器确定目标占空因数，该目标占空因数代表由使用者选定的目标电机状态，并且将工作占空因数设置在一个不等于所述目标占空因数的数值上。
13、如权利要求12所述的控制系统，其中，所述目标电机状态包括电机速度。
14、如权利要求12所述的控制系统，其中，所述目标电机状态包括转矩。
15、如权利要求12所述的控制系统，其中，所述工作占空因数可从峰值电流和电源输送峰值电流处或峰值电流附近的电流的时间周期来设置。
16、一种动力工具，包括：
夹持工具的夹头；
电机；
电源；
动力开关单元，其互连所述电源和所述电机，所述动力开关单元将来自所述电源的脉宽调制PWM驱动信号施加到所述电机上；以及
控制器，其监测所述电源、电机和动力开关单元中的至少一个的至少一种电气特征，并且基于所述电气特征调整PWM驱动信号的工作占空因数。
17、如权利要求16所述的动力工具，其中，所述控制器检测跨过所述电源的电压降。
18、如权利要求16所述的动力工具，其中，所述控制器检测跨过所述电源和所述电机的电压降。
19、如权利要求16所述的动力工具，其中，所述动力开关单元包括串联连接在所述电源和所述电机之间的功率MOSFET，所述功率MOSFET在通断状态之间转换，以改变所述PWM驱动信号的脉冲宽度。
20、如权利要求16所述的动力工具，还包括连接到所述控制器的输入导线，提供指示扳机位置的使用者触发信号。
21、如权利要求16所述的动力工具，还包括连接到所述控制器的输入导线，提供指示使用者所需电机速度的使用者触发信号。
22、如权利要求16所述的动力工具，其中，PWM驱动信号调整电机的速度。
23、如权利要求16所述的动力工具，还包括电压传感器，用来监测跨过所述电源、所述电机和所述控制器中的至少一个的电压降。
24、如权利要求16所述的动力工具，其中，所述控制器确定目标占空因数，该目标占空因数代表由使用者选定的目标电机状态，并且将工作占空因数设置在所述目标占空因数以下。
25、如权利要求16所述的动力工具，其中，所述控制器确定目标占空因数，该目标占空因数代表由使用者选定的目标电机状态，并且将工作占空因数设置在一个不等于所述目标占空因数的数值上。
26、如权利要求25所述的动力工具，其中，所述目标电机状态包括电机速度。
27、如权利要求25所述的动力工具，其中，所述目标电机状态包括转矩。
28、如权利要求25所述的动力工具，其中，所述工作占空因数可从峰值电流和电源输送峰值电流处或峰值电流附近的电流的时间周期来设定。
29、一种用于驱动动力工具的控制系统，包括：
电源；
电机，其适于驱动一轴；
动力开关单元，其互连所述电源和所述电机，所述动力开关单元将来自所述电源的脉宽调制PWM驱动信号施加到所述电机上；以及
控制器，其监测所述电源、所述电机和所述动力开关单元中的至少两个的至少一种电气特征，并且基于所述电源、电机和动力开关单元中的所述至少两个的所监测到的电气特征来调整所述驱动信号的工作频率以进入棘动模式。
30、如权利要求16所述的控制系统，其中，所述控制器在检测到跨过所述电源的电势下降和跨过所述动力开关单元的电势上升时进入所述棘动模式，所述电势的下降和上升表示出拖拽高电流的电机状态。
31、如权利要求16所述的控制系统，其中，所述控制器在检测到跨过所述电源的电势上升和跨过所述动力开关单元的电势下降时进入所述棘动模式，所述电势的上升和下降表示出失速的电机状态。
32、如权利要求29所述的控制系统，其中，所述动力开关单元包括串联连接在所述电源和所述电机之间的功率MOSFET。
33、如权利要求29所述的控制系统，其中，所述电气特征为电压。
34、如权利要求29所述的控制系统，其中，所述电气特征为电流。
35、如权利要求29所述的控制系统，其中，所述控制器检测跨过所述电源的电压降。
36、如权利要求29所述的控制系统，其中，所述控制器检测跨过所述电源和所述电机的电压降。
37、如权利要求29所述的控制系统，还包括连接到所述控制器的输入导线，提供指示扳机位置的使用者触发信号。
38、如权利要求29所述的控制系统，还包括连接到所述控制器的输入导线，提供指示使用者所需电机速度的使用者触发信号。
39、如权利要求29所述的控制系统，还包括电压传感器，用来监测跨过所述电源、所述电机和所述控制器中的至少一个的电压降。
40、一种用于驱动动力工具的控制系统，包括：
电源；
电机，其适于驱动一轴；
动力开关单元，其互连所述电源和所述电机，所述动力开关单元将来自所述电源的驱动信号施加到所述电机上；以及
控制器，其监测所述电源的至少一个电气特征，并且基于所述电源的所述电气特征调整所述驱动信号的频率。
41、如权利要求26所述的控制系统，其中，所述电气特征包括由所述电源供给的最大电流，以及可供送所述最大电流的时间周期。
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CN102596514B (zh) * 2009-11-11 2015-05-13 株式会社牧田 电动工具
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CN105014589A (zh) * 2014-04-30 2015-11-04 美之岚机械工业有限公司 具节能模式的电动起子
CN111185874A (zh) * 2018-11-15 2020-05-22 南京德朔实业有限公司 冲击螺丝批、旋转冲击工具及其控制方法
CN111185874B (zh) * 2018-11-15 2023-09-08 南京泉峰科技有限公司 冲击螺丝批、旋转冲击工具及其控制方法

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US20030047331A1 (en) 2003-03-13
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