CN1533520A - 用于连接现场总线系统的微处理器控制的现场设备 - Google Patents

用于连接现场总线系统的微处理器控制的现场设备 Download PDF

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CN1533520A
CN1533520A CNA02808764XA CN02808764A CN1533520A CN 1533520 A CN1533520 A CN 1533520A CN A02808764X A CNA02808764X A CN A02808764XA CN 02808764 A CN02808764 A CN 02808764A CN 1533520 A CN1533520 A CN 1533520A
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field apparatus
bus system
field
standard
safe floor
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赫伯特・巴塞尔
赫伯特·巴塞尔
冈・斯特普夫
沃尔夫冈·斯特普夫
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Siemens AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS], computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
    • G05B19/4185—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS], computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by the network communication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/31—From computer integrated manufacturing till monitoring
    • G05B2219/31121—Fielddevice, field controller, interface connected to fieldbus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/31—From computer integrated manufacturing till monitoring
    • G05B2219/31135—Fieldbus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/31—From computer integrated manufacturing till monitoring
    • G05B2219/31138—Profibus process fieldbus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/31—From computer integrated manufacturing till monitoring
    • G05B2219/31248—Multiple data link layer masters, if one fails, other takes over
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Abstract

本发明涉及一种微处理器控制的标准现场设备(3′，4′，5′，6′)，例如用于连接到现场总线系统(1)的测量值采集器或者执行器，该现场总线系统(1)例如又连接到可以自由编程的控制器(2′)。按照本发明，所述现场设备(3′，4′，5′，6′)设置有一个安全层(10)，用于进行保证安全的通信。通过实现安全层(10)，可以在公知的保证运行或者冗余的标准现场设备(3，4，5，6)中通过现场总线系统(1)实现与控制装置(2)的可靠且同时低成本的通信。

Description

用于连接现场总线系统的微处理器控制的现场设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种微处理器控制的标准现场设备，用于连接现场总线系统。公知形式的现场设备例如是测量值采集器(也称为测量传感器)或者执行器。此外，本发明涉及一种现场总线系统，在该现场总线系统上连接有至少一个可自由编程的安全控制器和至少一个借助于微处理器控制的标准现场设备。
背景技术
用于分散化的现场总线技术在加工技术和制造技术中已为常见。在加工和制造工业中需要保护人和机器的地方，都安装了专门的安全设备，例如传感器和执行器(特别是压力和温度测量器)、应急断开开关、踏板垫、光栅等。
迄今为止，这种现场设备只是分开地布线或者通过附加的专用总线与自动化链连接。此外，故障的概率是多样的。这样可以例如在通过所谓的标准现场总线的传输中，出现消息丢失、重复出现、额外地引入、(按错误的顺序)延误或者甚至错误地置换。此外，总是存在错误寻址的危险，由此例如可能将标准的消息作为对于可靠性重要的消息输出。
一个这样的故障就足以使整个安全机制进入空运行，这当然是有关规定所不能容忍的。
上述类型的设备例如通过一个所谓的特征总线(Profibus，西门子公司的总线系统)与一个可以自由编程的控制器(例如F-SPS)连接。特征总线(Profibus)目前是应用最广的现场总线系统。它是欧洲标准EN 50170的组成部分并由此保证了公开性和用户的投资保护。特征总线适用于在制造自动化中的分散外设的快速通信和在加工自动化中的通信任务。它是第一个用相同的通信服务覆盖这两个领域的要求的现场总线系统。
现在要确定，对于可靠性应用(同样适用于每个可靠性电路)必须在可靠性时间或者过程故障允许时间之内发现每个第一故障。第二故障必须通过定期的检查而确定。
在现有技术中这个技术问题是通过在冗余的标准现场设备和安全SPS(即可以自由编程的控制器)之间的点到点连接解决的。这样的星形设置不会在现场设备和中心单元之间产生共态故障(Common-Mode-Fehler)，这里要说明，共态故障是指由于一个共同的原因造成的组件故障。在安全SPS中对传感器和执行器的信号进行比较。
在现场设备和安全SPS之间应用现场总线的情况下，必须采用经过可靠性认证的传感器以及执行器，其通过安全通信与F-SPS连接，以保证在现场设备和控制器之间的可靠通信。如果在标准通信系统中采用冗余的标准传感器以及标准的执行器，则在通信系统中特定的故障(例如冻结的信号值，即第一故障)就不能被揭露，并可以不被注意地导致一种危险的状态。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是，提供标准的现场设备，其在与标准现场总线连接时，可以低成本地与可自由编程的控制器的进行可靠的通信。
上述技术问题是通过一种具有权利要求1特征的现场设备解决的。按照本发明，一个拥有微处理器并连接到现场总线系统的标准现场设备，被构造成具有一个所谓的本身公知的安全层，用于与一个可连接在现场总线上的可自由编程的控制器进行保证安全的通信。
按照本发明，首次为所谓的保证运行或者冗余的标准现场设备(即标准的传感器以及标准的执行器)设置了一个安全层，由此使这种标准的现场设备通过公知类型的标准现场总线的通信更可靠。本发明基于这样的思路，即模拟一个经过认证的现场设备。标准的现场设备在本发明的意义上仅仅置于所谓NAMUR-Empfehlung 79(NE 79)之下。在这种设备中集成一个安全层是相对简单的，但是保证标准的现场设备进行保证可靠性的通信。这种标准设备的造价远比得到安全认证的设备合算。此外，优选的是对标准设备的变动不要求新的认证，这节省了造价。
总的来说，在上述类型(即按照一种标准)的具有总线能力的现场设备中，可以按更简单的方式实现一个安全层，如同其例如在SPS中一样。这里特别要说明的是，一个所谓冗余驱动器(F-SPS的软件组件)可以可靠地接收信号(对于Profisafe的驱动器)并对信号(2、3或多信道的)进行比较。这在结果中对应着一种SEL 2、SEL 3或者SEL 4信号产生单元的信道性能。在这种实施方式中安全层(也称为F层)保证使现场总线系统的所有共态故障被暴露。冗余驱动器则保证揭露传感器以及执行器的故障。由此，也可以将冗余设置的标准现场设备针对过程量不同地实施，并还是可以按照运行现有的装置。
总之，在例如Profisafe标志的公知的总线系统中，首次在可靠性连接下用保证运行或者冗余的标准现场设备进行了扩展，而不用昂贵的得到认证的特殊设备。为此，首次在标准现场设备上实现了公知的安全层(例如Profisafe驱动器)。
按照优选的方式可以将安全层直接或者通过现场总线可控地接通和断开。由此可以用同一标准现场设备实现通常的保证运行的控制，另一方面，在接通安全层之后进行对于可靠性重要的通信。
最后还需说明，本发明还涉及一种现场总线系统，该现场总线系统包括至少一个可以自由编程的安全控制器和至少一个配置有安全层的、由微处理器控制的标准现场设备。
作为按照本发明的现场设备这里提到的是西门子公司的测量换能器，其根据不同的构成适合用于测量压力、流量或者不受和受液面侵蚀的蒸汽以及液体。这种测量换能器为用SITRANS商标销售的，但按照本发明首次可以没有大问题地配置一个安全层，使得这种标准测量设备也可以用在对于可靠性重要的通信中。
附图说明
为了更详细地解释和更好地理解本发明，下面对照附图对本发明的多个实施方式作进一步的说明。图中，
图1表示一个现场总线系统，其具有可以自由编程的控制器和在其上连接的标准化的、按照现有技术的现场设备，
图2示意性地示出了一个现场总线系统，其具有在其上连接有按照本发明的的现场设备和一个安全SPS。
具体实施方式
在图1示出的现有技术的现场总线系统中，在一个标准现场总线1上通过连线7连接有安全SPS或者F-SPS 2，执行器3和传感器4、5、6。传感器5和6在这里是冗余的，执行器3和传感器4是可以回读的。
这些通过安全SPS 2控制的现场设备3，4和5，6是冗余的和保证安全的标准现场设备。与这些现场设备的通信是通过现场总线1进行的。在该具有连接的现场设备、公知的现场总线系统中没有保证防止例如共态故障的可靠性。这点按照当今现有技术仅仅可以通过专门的经过可靠性认证的传感器以及执行器才可能。
如图2所示，按照本发明，此时为现场设备分别配置有一个安全层(F层)10。由此，每个标准现场设备3′，4′和5′，6′能够用对应设置的F-SPS 2′借助于现场总线1，发现如通信电路中信号值冻结、寻址错误等的故障。由此可以用尽可能低的成本，通过在标准现场设备3′，4′，5′，6′中实现公知的安全层10，使得即便在标准现场设备中也能发现共态故障。
F层或安全层10例如是所谓的特征总线驱动器，其也在西门子公司的Profisafe标志下公知。

Claims (8)

1.一种微处理器控制的现场设备，用于连接现场总线系统(1)，其例如与一个可以自由编程的控制器(2)连接，所述现场设备具有安全层(10)，用于进行保证安全的通信。
2.根据权利要求1所述的现场设备，其特征在于，所述安全层(10)这样地构成，即可以识别共态故障。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的现场设备，其特征在于，所述安全层(10)进行所谓的Profisafe通信。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的现场设备，其特征在于，所述设备(3′，4′，5′，6′)被构造成与所谓的特征总线(2)进行连接。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的现场设备，其特征在于，所述安全层(10)是可以接通和断开的。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的现场设备，其特征在于，所述现场设备是一个测量值采集器(4′，5′，6′)。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的现场设备，其特征在于，所述现场设备是执行器(3′)。
8.一种现场总线系统，其具有至少一个可以自由编程的安全控制器(2′)和至少一个根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的微处理器控制的标准现场设备(3′，4′，5′，6′)。
CNA02808764XA 2001-04-23 2002-04-09 用于连接现场总线系统的微处理器控制的现场设备 Pending CN1533520A (zh)

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DE10119791A DE10119791B4 (de) 2001-04-23 2001-04-23 Mikroprozessorgesteuertes Feldgerät zum Anschluss an ein Feldbussystem
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