CN1551035A - 本质安全的现场维护工具的存储器认证 - Google Patents
本质安全的现场维护工具的存储器认证 Download PDFInfo
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/70—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer
- G06F21/78—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer to assure secure storage of data
- G06F21/79—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer to assure secure storage of data in semiconductor storage media, e.g. directly-addressable memories
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
- G06F21/31—User authentication
Abstract
提供了一种对现场维护工具的存储器认证技术。非易失性电存储器包括惟一的软件标识符。将不可逆算法应用于所述惟一的软件标识符,以获得结果。然后,对所述结果进行加密,并与事先存储在所述电存储器上的已存储加密结果进行比较。根据该比较,可以完全地使能、完全地禁止或有选择地使能所述工具。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及本质安全的现场维护工具的存储器认证。
背景技术
本质安全的现场维护工具是已知的。这样的工具在过程控制和测量工业中特别有用,以使操作人员方便地与给定过程安装中的现场设备通信和/或询问给定过程安装中的现场设备。这样的过程安装的实例包括:石油、药品、化学品、纸浆和其他过程安装。在这样的安装中,过程控制和测量网络可以包括几十个或者甚至几百个各种现场设备,这些现场设备周期性地需要维护,以确保这样的设备适当地操作和/或对这些设备进行校准。而且,当检测到过程控制和测量安装中的一个或多个故障时,使用本质安全的手持式现场维护工具使得技术人员能够快速地诊断出现场中的这种故障。
根据从Eden Prairie,Minnesota的费希尔-罗斯蒙德系统公司可得到的商业指定模型275 HART通信装置,售出了一种这样的设备。HART是HARTCommunication Foundation的注册商标。模型275提供了许多重要的功能和能力,并且通常允许高效率的现场维护。
本质安全要求用于确保如果将该设备正确地安装在包含爆炸气体的环境中,该设备的操作或故障不能引起燃烧。这可以通过限制在最坏情况的故障状态下存储在发送器中的最大能量来实现。过度的能量释放可能会导致将点燃其中可以操作发射器的爆炸环境的火花或过多的热量。
本质安全标准的示例包括欧洲CENELEC标准EN50014和50020、Factory Mutual标准FM 3610、加拿大标准协会、针对易燃环境中的电设备的英国许可服务、日本工业标准和澳大利亚标准协会。
为了确保与自动化工业安全协议和规范的严格兼容,在这种环境中只能使用由单独的代理商所证实的设备。可拆卸的手持式现场维护工具的任何部件必须以同样满足所有所需安全要求的另一部件来代替。
新型本质安全的手持式现场维护工具的另一困难在于,这样的工具可以具有可变程度的功能性。通常,这些功能性由根据用户所购买的特定功能组而产生的软件选择来控制。由于与这样的设备一起可用的电可拆卸存储介质本质上是便携的,重要的是,提供不仅确保在手持式现场维护工具内所替换的电存储器符合本质安全要求,而且这种存储器包含许可代码而不包含未授权软件的认证方案。
发明内容
提供了一种对现场维护工具的存储器认证技术。非易失性电存储器包括惟一的软件标识符。将不可逆算法应用于所述惟一的软件标识符,以获得结果。然后,对所述结果进行加密,并与事先存储在所述电存储器上的已存储加密结果进行比较。根据此比较,可以完全地使能、完全地禁止或有选择地使能所述工具。
附图说明
图1是其中本发明有用的工业过程控制和测量环境的示意图。
图2是依照本发明实施例,用于认证手持式现场维护工具的电非易失性存储器的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了其中本发明的实施例非常有用的典型系统。系统10包括控制器12、I/O和控制子系统14、本质安全(IS)阻挡器16、过程通信环18和现场设备20。控制器12通过链接21与I/O和控制子系统14相连,所述链接21可以是诸如局域网(LAN)等根据以太网信号控制协议或其他任何适当的协议进行操作的任何适当的链接。I/O和控制子系统14与本质安全阻挡器16相连,并依次与过程通信环18相连,以便按照限制通过其中的能量的方式来实现环18与I/O和控制子系统14之间的数据通信。
在该图示中,过程通信或过程控制环18是FOUNDATIONTM现场总线过程通信环,并与现场设备20相连,所示现场设备20按照多点结构的方式布置。可选的过程通信环(未示出)是HART过程通信环。图1示出了与如星型拓扑等其他拓扑相比极大地简化了系统接线的多点接线结构。多点HART结构支持最多15个设备,而多点FOUNDATIONTM现场总线结构支持最多32个设备。
尽管将参照安全数字(SD)存储卡,对本发明的实施例进行描述,尤其可以想到的是,能够以任何形式的电非易失性存储器来实现本发明的实施例。
安全数字卡是一种非常安全的小型闪速存储器卡。SD卡目前被用在多种消费品中。例如,这些产品包括数字视频便携式摄像机、数字音乐播放器、汽车导航系统、智能电话、电子书籍、便携式电话和手持计算设备等。每个SD卡具有被称为CID的惟一的软件标识符。此软件标识符实质上是惟一的序列号,但可以被定义为表示其他信息。应当注意,CID被永久地存储在SD卡上,并不能通过重新格式化SD卡而加以改变。这种惟一的、不可变的软件标识符可以由手持工具中的应用程序使用,以确保该存储卡被允许用在危险环境中,以及用于认证针对包含在电子存储卡中的软件的软件许可的一个或多个方面。例如,为了防止对软件应用程序的盗版,根据软件标识符(CID),创建标识代码文件(作为隐藏文件驻留在SD卡上)。通过算法来运行软件标识符(CID),并随后对其结果进行加密,从而不能逆转该处理,来产生标识符代码文件。例如,通过对文件校验和的编码,并随后利用键控异或模式对整个文件(包括校验和)进行加密,可以执行此处理。
在将电子存储卡放置在其主机单元(手持式现场维护工具)中时,主机单元中的应用程序读取软件标识符和标识代码文件。然后,主机重复通过算法运行软件标识符并对结果进行加密的处理。然后,将此结果与包含在标识代码文件中的结果进行比较。只有具有有效标识代码文件的卡才会与主机产生的结果相匹配。只有这样的单元才会起作用。在发生了失配的单元中,将禁止该工具的全部或部分功能。如果将标识代码文件从一个SD卡拷贝到另一SD卡,主机所产生的结果将不与包含在标识代码文件中的结果相匹配。于是,主机将使用新SD卡的软件标识符,而文件却包含利用原始的软件标识符产生的结果。
为了增加此认证技术的灵活性,所述算法也可以包括一系列的选项,用于使所得到的标识符代码文件对于一个或多个选中选项是唯一的。例如,这包括允许对手持式工具进行编程的选项、以及允许在工具上执行FOUNDATIONTM现场总线应用程序的选项。
一旦上述处理确定电存储卡对于与手持式现场维护工具一起使用是有效的,则该工具可以读取该标识符代码文件,以确定在该手持式工具上使能了哪些选项。换句话说,手持式工具可以装载多种选项所需的所有硬件和软件,而只对用户所购买的选项授权,并由此使能那些选项。
对于要许可额外功能性的用户,代替或修改特定SD卡的标识代码文件。这可以通过用包含所需许可的卡替换整个卡来实现,或者可以通过手持式现场维护工具的外部连接来实现。优选地,手持式现场维护工具包含:能够用于对个人计算机或在某些情况下直接对如因特网等网络进行接口的红外数据接入端口。在任一情况下,用户可以访问包含由升级应用程序的网站或其他目的地。当用户启动该处理时,做出请求,以便将软件标识符和许可信息传递到因特网数据库。然后,如服务器等远程设备上的交互应用程序将显示电子介质卡的许可标识。然后,用户可以选择他或她想要添加的额外的功能性。此时,实施金融交换、口令或管理此特征的其他适当方式。一旦此步骤完成,通过新标识代码文件,创建基于SD卡软件标识符和新许可的功能性的标识代码文件。通过便携式计算机和红外数据接入接口,将此新文件发送到便携式工具。现在,此主机单元将包含基于新许可的功能性。
标识代码文件还最好包含识别SD卡的信息,以符合或满足在危险区域中使用的一个或多个必须的安全性标准。因此,不仅有利于软件许可,而且对许可存储卡的使用有时将会出现在过程工业领域中的危险环境中。
图2是用于认证手持式现场维护设备的电非易失性存储器以及/或者认证其上的软件许可的方法的流程图。在方框100,启动如桌面计算机等外部计算设备上的应用程序。最好通过红外数据接入端口,将外部计算设备与手持式现场维护工具22相连,并且在方框102,询问手持式现场维护工具,以建立外部计算设备与手持式现场维护工具之间的通信。
在方框104,确定手持式现场维护工具是否已经成功建立了与外部计算设备之间的通信。如果还未建立通信,控制通过方框106返回到再次尝试通信的方框102。在手持式现场维护工具未建立与外部计算设备之间的通信的情况下,从外部计算设备向手持式现场维护工具发送请求,请求该工具向外部计算设备提供该工具的软件版本信息,如方框108所示。随后,在方框110,从手持式现场维护工具询问可编程许可状态。在方框112,查看询问到的信息,以确定软件版本和许可状态是否为当前的。如果该确定是否定的,控制转向方框114,确定手持式现场维护工具是否为安全性标记的。换句话说,确定标识代码文件是否包含指示了手持式现场维护工具内的SD卡符合所需的安全性规则的信息。
如果针对安全性规则,对手持式现场维护工具进行了标记,控制转向方框116,向应用程序发送信息,使用户确认升级。如果用户确认了升级,控制转向方框118,向手持式现场维护工具传递升级的手持式现场维护工具软件和/或许可信息。在方框118之后,控制返回到方框108,其中,再次查询手持式现场维护工具的软件版本信息。
如果在方框116期间,用户并未确认软件和/或功能性升级,控制转向方框120,在方框120,确定应用程序的用户是否完成了维护/传送操作。如果用户表示他或她已完成了该操作,控制转向方框122,其中,结束外部计算设备上的应用程序。但是,如果用户表示需要进一步的维护,则控制转向方框124,并执行维护处理。如果在方框120,用户表示请求传送处理,则控制转向发起该处理的方框126。
返回到方框114处关于手持式现场维护工具是否被安全性标记的确定,如果确定为否定的,则控制转向方框128,其中确定电存储器是否为可编程的。如果存储器是不可编程的,控制转向方框120。但是,如果存储器是可编程的,控制转向方框116,之后,则如上所述。
尽管已经参照优选实施例,对本发明进行了描述,本领域的技术人员将意识到,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,可以进行形式和细节上的改变。例如,尽管上面利用存储器上的惟一软件标识符描述了认证,也可以使用如手持式工具的序列号等另外的惟一标识符,将存储器卡与手持式工具加以实质上的锁定。
Claims (11)
1、一种用于认证手持式现场维护工具中的电可拆卸存储器的方法,所述方法包括:
将不可逆算法应用于所述存储器上的惟一软件标识符,以获得结果;
对所述结果进行加密;
将所述已加密结果与存储在所述存储器上的已存储的加密结果进行比较;以及
根据该比较,有选择地使能所述工具。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于有选择地使能所述工具包括:如果所述已加密结果与所述已存储加密结果不匹配,则完全禁止所述工具。
3、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于有选择地使能所述工具包括:根据比较来使能所选择的工具功能。
4、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述已存储加密结果表示与本质安全性兼容。
5、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述已存储加密结果表示软件许可。
6、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述存储器是安全数字(SD)存储器。
7、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述存储器符合本质安全。
8、一种为手持式现场维护工具添加功能性的方法,所述方法包括:
访问所述工具中的非易失性电存储器上的软件标识符;
接收与所添加的功能有关的用户选择;
根据用户选择,对所述软件标识符执行不可逆算法,以获得结果;
对所述结果进行加密;以及
将所述已加密结果存储在所述非易失性电存储器上。
9、一种非易失性电存储器产品,包括:
与该产品相关联的、不可变的惟一软件标识符;
存储在其上的标识代码文件,所述文件包括对所述软件标识符执行不可逆算法的已加密结果。
10、根据权利要求9所述的产品,其特征在于所述不可逆算法表示与手持式现场维护工具有关的功能性。
11、根据权利要求9所述的产品,其特征在于所述不可逆算法表示所述产品是否符合本质安全标准。
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CN102385345B (zh) * | 2007-06-13 | 2015-03-04 | 费希尔-罗斯蒙德系统公司 | 手持现场维护工具的改进功能 |
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CN107209503A (zh) * | 2014-12-30 | 2017-09-26 | 数据输入输出公司 | 具有作业封装机构的自动化制造系统及其操作方法 |
CN107209503B (zh) * | 2014-12-30 | 2020-06-23 | 数据输入输出公司 | 具有作业封装机构的自动化制造系统及其操作方法 |
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US7526802B2 (en) | 2009-04-28 |
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