CN1575371A - 具有斜井井眼的入口井及方法 - Google Patents
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- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/006—Production of coal-bed methane
Abstract
本发明提供了一种从地面进入到一个地下层(22)中的系统,该系统包括一个从地面向下延伸的入口井眼(15)。从入口井眼(20)到地下层延伸的多个斜井井眼。从斜井井眼(20)延伸进入所述地下层(22)中的排水型式(24,26,27)。
Description
技术领域
本发明主要涉及一种开采地下资源的系统和方法,具体而言,涉及斜入口井的系统和方法。
背景技术
煤的地下沉积层中夹带着大量的甲烷气体。小量生产和使用煤沉积层中的甲烷气体已经有很多年了。然而,很多的阻碍限制了煤层中的甲烷气体的进一步的开采和使用。开采煤层中的甲烷气体遇到的最主要的问题是煤层可能延伸达几千英亩,而在深度上很浅,从几英寸到几米不等。这样,当煤层离地面相对较近的时候,在煤沉积层中打竖井来获取甲烷气体,只能够采出煤层中很小半径范围内的气体。进一步说,煤沉积层不适合用压裂和其他从岩石地下层中增加甲烷气体产量的方法。因此,一旦开采易于从煤层的竖井进行开采的气体,其进一步生产就会在体积上受到限制。另外,煤层中通常伴有地下层水,而为了生产甲烷,就必须将地下层水排出。
人们曾经尝试用水平钻井的方法来增加井眼与煤层的接触来开采气体。然而,这样的水平钻井技术需要使用放射式的井眼,这就给从煤层中排除地下水带来了困难。从地下层井中泵出地下水的最有效的方法是使用杆式泵,但这种泵在水平井眼和放射式井眼中却不能很好的工作。
由于在地面从煤层中开采甲烷气存在的这些困难,必须在开采前从煤层中排除,人们采用了一些地下方法。虽然使用地下方法能很容易将水从煤层中排除,并且能够消除欠合理钻井的状况,但是目前的采矿作业只能够进入有限数量的煤层。使用长臂开采技术,例如,使用地下钻头从一个当前开采的采区钻入水平井眼至随后开采的邻近采区。地下钻头的限制因素限制了这种水平井眼的延伸和有效排水的区域。另外,在钻入当前采区的过程中,下一个采区的脱气限制了脱气的时间。因此,必须在一个有限的时间段内钻出很多水平井眼以排除气体。另外,在高含气量或气体通过煤层迁移的情况下,采矿必须停止或延期,直到下一个采区能充分脱气。这些生产延期增加了煤层脱气的相关费用。
发明概述
本发明提供了一种从地面进入地下区域的斜入口井系统和方法,该系统和方法基本上消除或减少了在先相关系统和方法存在的问题和缺点。尤其是,本发明的一些具体实施例提供了一种从煤层中有效生产和排出夹带的甲烷气和水的斜入口井系统和方法,该系统和方法不需要过多使用放射式井眼或连接井眼(articulated well bore)或大面积的钻井操作区域。
根据本发明的一个实施例,一种从地面进入到地下区域的系统包括一个从地面向下延伸的入口井眼。多个斜井井眼从入口井眼延伸到地下层。排水型式从所述斜井井眼延伸并进入地下层。
依照本发明的另一个实施例,一种从地面进入到地下层的方法包括形成一个入口井眼,并且形成多个从所述入口井眼到地下层的斜井井眼。该方法还包括形成从所述斜井井眼进入地下层的排水型式。
依照本发明的又一实施例,一种使井眼取向的方法包括从地面形成一个入口井眼并在所述入口井眼中插入一导向管束。所述导向管束包括多根导向管。所述导向管被设置成彼此纵向邻近,在第一端的第一孔以及第二端的第二孔。所述导向管也可以彼此缠绕。一种方法也可以包括通过导向管束从所述入口井眼到一地下层形成多个斜井井眼。
本发明的实施例可以提供一个或多个技术上的优点。这些技术优点包括形成入口井眼,多个斜井井眼和排水型式,以优化排出地下层中的气体和液体的地下层区域。这样就能够更有效的钻井和生产,并大大减少了其他相关方法和系统的费用和存在的问题。另一个技术优点包括提供了一种使用插入到入口井眼中的导向管束来使井眼取向的方法。所述导向管束允许彼此相关的斜井井眼的简单导向并通过优化所述斜井井眼之间的间隔,使地下资源的生产得到优化。
结合下面附图、描述和权利要求,本发明的其他技术优点对于本领的技术人员来说是显而易见的。
附图说明
为了更全面地理解本发明及其优点,可以参考下述说明描述以及相关附图,相同的数字标记代表相同的部分。
图1示出了一个从地下层中开采资源的斜井系统;
图2A示出了一个从地下层中开采资源的竖井系统;
图2B详细地示出了一个斜入口井系统的一部分;
图3示出了一种从地下层中开采水和气体的方法;
图4A-4C示出了一种导向管束的构造;
图5示出了一种安装了导向管束的入口井眼;
图6示出了在入口井眼中使用导向管束的例子;
图7示出了具有斜井井眼的系统的例子;
图8示出了一个具有入口井眼和斜井井眼的系统的例子;
图9示出了一个具有斜井井眼和连接井眼(articulated well bore)系统的例子。
图10示出了在斜井系统中生产水和气体;
图11出示了一种使用具有一个斜井系统的排水型式;
图12示出了一种使用具有一个斜井系统的排水型式的排列。
具体实施形式
图1示出了一个从地面进入地下层的斜井系统的例子。下面描述的实施例中,地下区域为煤层。可以理解,使用本发明的斜井系统,可以以同样的方式进入其他地下层和/或低压、超低压,和低孔隙度地下层,以排除和/或生产地下层中的水、烃类和其他的流体,在采矿前处理地下层中的矿产,或者注入或引入流体、气体或其他的物质到地下层中。
参考图1,一个斜井系统10包括一个入口井眼15、斜井20、连接井眼24、空腔26和鼠洞27(rat hole)。入口井眼15从地面11向地下层22延伸。斜井20也从入口井眼15的末端向地地下层22延伸,尽管斜井20可以有从入口井眼15的任何合适的部位延伸。如图例中所示,在不同的深度有多个地下层22,斜井20穿过最接近地面的地下层22,进入并穿过最深的地下区域22。连接井眼24可以从每个斜井20延伸并分别进入每个地下层22。空腔26和鼠洞27位于每个斜井20的末端。
在图1和图5-8中,入口井眼15基本是垂直的,但是,可以理解,入口井眼15可以相对于地面11为任何合适的角度,例如,以适应地面11的几何形状和方位和/或地下资源的几何形状或空间方位。在所示的实施方案中,斜井20偏离入口井眼15一设定的角度α,在所示的实施例中,该角度大约为20度。可以理解,斜井20也可以以其他的角度形成,以适应地面的布局和其他类似于影响入口井眼15的因素。斜井20相互之间间隔β(beta)角度形成,在所示的实施例中,该角度约为60度。可以理解,斜井20之间也可以同样根据该地区的地形和面积以及目标煤层22的位置以其他的角度间隔形成。
斜井20也可以包括一个空腔26和/或一位于每一斜井末端的鼠洞27。斜井20可以包括空腔26和鼠洞27中的一个、两个,或者二者都不包括。
通过比较,图2A和图2B示出了以一定的角度形成的斜井的优点。参考图2A,一个竖井井眼30具有一个伸入煤层22的连接井眼32。如图中所示,从煤层22中排入到连接井眼32中的流体一定会沿连接井眼32向上朝竖井井眼30移动,流体在竖井井眼聚集前,要经过一段约为W英尺的距离。这段W英尺的距离被称为静压头,流体在竖井井眼30聚集前,该静压头必须被克服。现参考图2B,图中示出了一个具有伸入煤层22的连接井眼36的斜入口井34,斜入口井34以α角度偏离垂直方向。如图中所示,从煤层中聚集的流体一定会沿着连接井眼36向上进入到斜入口井34中,并经过一段W’英尺的距离。因此,与竖井系统相比,斜入口井系统的静压头减少了。此外,通过以α角度形成斜入口井34,从切点或造斜点38起钻的连接井眼36比竖井井眼30的连接井眼32有更大的曲率半径。这就允许连接井眼36比连接井眼32更长(因为钻柱与半径部分的摩擦力减少了),因此能在煤层中穿入更长的距离并且引流更多的地下层。
图3表示了一种形成斜入口井的示例性方法。图3中的步骤将会在下面的图4-11中得到进一步的解释。这种方法从形成入口井眼的步骤100开始。在步骤105中,一个新鲜水套管或其他的带有附加的导向管束的适当的套管被安装在步骤100形成的入口井眼中。在步骤110中,新鲜水套管被注水泥固结在步骤100的入口井眼中。
在步骤115中,通过入口井眼以及导向管束中的一根导向管插入一根钻柱。在步骤120中,钻柱通过套管,钻进大约50英尺。在步骤125中,钻进被取向至斜井的预期角度。在步骤130中,斜井井眼被向下钻进并通过目标地下层。
在决定性的步骤135中,应该对是否需要额外的斜井做出决定。如果需要额外的斜井,则返回到步骤115并重复至步骤135。在步骤115到135的进程中,可以使用各种方法引导钻柱进入到不同的导向管中,这些对本领域技术来说是显而易见的。
如果不需要额外的斜井,则继续执行步骤140。在步骤140中,安装斜井套管。接下去,在步骤145中,在目标煤层中钻入一个短半径曲线。随后,在步骤150中,在煤层中钻入一大致水平的井并在煤层中延伸。可以理解,由于煤层方向的改变,该水平井筒或许会偏离水平方向。在如下的步骤155中,排水型式(drainage pattern)通过该大致水平的井筒钻入煤层中。在决定性的步骤157中,应该对是否需要对额外的地下层进行导流做出决定,例如,当在地面以下不同深度处存在多个地下层的时候。如果有额外的地下层需要导流,则对于每一个额外的地下层重复步骤145至155。如果没有额外的地下区域需要导流,则转入执行步骤160。
在步骤160中,在斜井中装入生产设备,并在从地下层中生产水和气体的步骤165结束。
尽管对上述的步骤以一定的顺序进行了描述,但可以理解,上述步骤可以按照任何其他的合理顺序来执行。另外,在适当的时候,我们可以省去其中的一个或多个步骤,也可以执行附加的步骤。
图4A,4B和4C示出了一个具有图3中步骤105所描述的与导向管束相联系的套管的构造。参考图4A,图中示出了三根导向管40的侧视图和端视图。导向管40彼此平行排列。在所述实施例中,导向管40是9 5/8”的接合套管(joint casing)。可以理解,其他的合适的材料也可以使用。
图4B示出了一种缠绕的导向管40。当保持侧向排列成γ(gamma)度时,该导向管40相互之间也以γ度缠绕在一起。导向管40以焊接或者其他的方式被固定在适当的位置。在实施例中,γ角为10度。
图4C示出了含有上述缠绕的、并连通和连接到一个套管接箍42的导向管40。该导向管40和套管接箍42一起组成了导向管束43,该导向管束可以连接到新鲜水套管或其他的套管,这些套管的尺寸要与图1中入口井眼15的长度或适当的配置。
图5示出了具有导向管束43的入口井眼15,以及安装于入口井眼15中的套管44。入口井眼15是从地面11到一个大约390英尺的目标深度形成的。如图中所示,入口井眼15有一个大约24英寸的直径。入口井眼15的形成对应于图3中的步骤100。导向管束43(由接合套管40和套管接箍42组成)连接到套管44上。套管44可以是任意的新鲜水套管或其他适合在井下作业使用的套管。将套管44和导向管束43插入到入口井眼15中与图3中的步骤105一致。
对应于图3中的步骤110,浇铸水泥承转器46或以其他的方法围绕套管安装于入口井眼15中。水泥套管可以是适合将套管保持在相对于入口井眼15的合适位置的任何的混合物或其他的物质。
图6示出了在将钻斜井20的工作模式下的入口井眼15和具有导向管43的套管44。钻柱50进入导向管束43中的导管40中的一个导管中。为了保持钻柱50在套管44中的相对中心位置,可以使用稳定器52。稳定器52可以是环型、鳍型,或者是任何其他适合保持钻柱50相对中心位置的稳定器。为了保持稳定器52在井眼15中的合适深度,可以使用止动卡箍(stopring)53。止动卡箍53可以是由橡皮或金属或任何其他适合井下环境的物质构成。钻柱50可以任意插入导向管束43中的多根导向管40中任一根中,或者钻柱50可以直接进入一个选好的接合套管40中。这与图3中的步骤115一致。
图7示出了一个斜井20的示例系统。与图3中的步骤120一致,切线井眼(tangent well bore)60经过入口井眼15的末端钻进大约50英尺(尽管也可以钻进任何其他的合理距离)。为了将磁干扰降到最少,以及提高钻井工人在需要的方向上导向钻头的能力,切线井眼60远离套管44钻进。与图3中的步骤125一致,钻一个放射式井眼62来定位钻头,为钻斜入口井眼64做准备。在一个特定的实施例中,放射式井眼62以大约12度/100英尺的曲率弯曲(尽管也可以使用任何其他的合适的曲率)。
对应于图3中的步骤130,从放射井眼62的末端钻出一个斜入口井眼64并通过地下层22。作为选择,斜井20可以直接从导向管40钻出,不用包括切线井眼60或放射井眼62。连接井眼65位于所示的预期位置上,但是它在钻的时间上要比鼠洞66晚,它是斜井64的延伸。鼠洞66也可以是一个直径扩大的洞或其他适合的结构。在斜入口井眼64和鼠洞66钻完后,在所述斜井安装套管前,可以紧接着钻任一要求的另外斜井。
图8示出了斜井64的套管。为了容易说明,只图示了一口斜井64。对应于图3中的步骤140,造斜器套管70(wipe stock casing)安装于斜入口井眼64中。在所述实施例中,造斜器套管70包括一个造斜器72(wipe stock),该造斜器用来机械地引导钻柱至预期的方向。可以理解,也可以使用其他合适的套管,当使用其他合适的引导钻头通过斜井64进入地下层22的方法时,造斜器72的使用不是必须的。
将套管70插入到入口井眼15中,穿过导向管束43并进入斜入口井眼64中。对造斜器套管70导向,使造斜器72定位,以便使随后的钻头可以被校准以在预期的深度钻入地下层22。
图9示出了造斜器套管70和斜入口井眼64。如图8中所述,将造斜器套管70放置于斜入口井眼64内,这样,钻柱50将被导向着在预期的切点或造斜点38穿过斜入口井眼64。这与图3中的步骤145一致。钻柱50用来在切点或造斜点38穿过斜入口井眼64以形成连接井眼36。在特定的实施例中,连接井眼36有一个约71英尺的半径和一个约80度/100英尺的曲率。在相同的实施例中,斜入口井眼64偏离垂直方向约10度。在这个实施例中,生产中产生的静压头约为30英尺。然而,应该理解其他合理的半径、曲率和倾斜角也可以采用。
图10示出了在使用钻柱50完成连接井眼36后的斜入口井64和连接井眼36。在一个特定的实施例中,如图3中的步骤150和155所描述的那样,水平井和排水型式可以在地下层22中随后完成。
参考图10,造斜器套管70安装在鼠洞66的底部,以准备生产油气。在造斜器套管70的周围可以使用密封环74,以防止连接井眼36中产出的气体逃逸到造斜器套管70外。气孔76使逃逸的气体进入并向上通过造斜器套管70以供地面收集。
泵杆78和电潜泵80用来排出通过连接井眼36从地下层中积聚的水和其它液体。如图10所示,所述液体在重力和地下层22的压力作用下,流经连接井眼36,向下流入斜入口井眼64并进入鼠洞66中。从那,液体流入造斜器套管70的造斜器72上的开口,并在此处与安装的泵杆78和电潜泵80接触。电潜泵80可以是各种适合在井底环境中排液并通过泵杆78将液体泵送到地面的电潜泵。泵杆78和电潜泵80的安装与图3中的步骤160一致。液体和气体的生产与图3中的步骤165一致。
图11示出了一个示例性的排水型式90,该排水型式可以从连接井眼36钻得。在排水型式90的中心是入口井眼15。斜井20与入口井眼15连接。如上所述,在斜井20的末端是基本水平的井眼92,该水平井眼延伸出每一斜井20后大约形成一“眼角皱纹”状的式样。在本申请的使用中,“每一个”表示一个特定子集的全体。在一个特定的实施例中,每一个水平井眼92的水平延伸距离约为1500英尺。此外,平行的水平井眼92间的侧向间距约为800英尺。在这个特定的实施例中,将会形成一个约为290英亩的排水面积。在一个可选择的实施例中,基本水平的井眼92的水平延伸距离约为2440英尺,排水面积将会扩大至近640英亩。然而,任何其他的合适的构造都可以使用。另外,任何其他合适的排水型式也可以使用。
图13示出了以使所述排水型式90所覆盖的地下层的排水面积最大化的多个彼此联系的排水型式90。每一个排水型式90形成一个约为六边形的排水型式。因此,如图所示,排水型式90可以被排列,这样排水型式90形成约为蜂房状的排列。
尽管结合实施例对本发明进行了描述,但是,各种各样的改变和修改可以被认为是本领域技术人员所熟知的。这意味着,这些改变和修改都包含在本发明中,并都在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (28)
1.一种从地面进入地下层的方法,包括:
从地面形成一个入口井眼;
从入口井眼到地下层形成两个或多个斜井井眼;并且
从斜井井眼进入地下层形成一基本水平的排水型式。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的两个或多个斜井井眼大致等间距的放射状排列在竖井眼周围。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,形成三个斜井井眼。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的三个斜井井眼以放射状排列在竖竖井眼周围,其间隔约为120度。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述水平排水型式包括分支井眼。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述分支井眼设置成引流至少640英亩所述地下层。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括通过所述水平排水型式把地下资源从地下层排到地面。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括在邻近所述地下层的每一斜井井眼形成一个扩大的空腔。
9.一导向管束,包括:
两根或多根导向管;
其中所述两根或多根导向管包括在第一末端的第一孔隙和第二末端的第二孔隙;
其中所述的导向管被设置为纵向上互相相邻,并且
其中所述第一孔的纵轴偏离于所述第二孔的纵轴。
10.如权利要求9所述的导向管束,其特征在于,所述导向管是彼此缠绕的。
11.如权利要求10所述的导向管束,其特征在于,所述缠绕角度约为10度。
12.如权利要求9所述的导向管束,其特征在于:
所述导向管被设置成在第一端彼此纵向相邻;并且
所述导向管在第二端分离。
13.一种使井眼取向的方法,包括:
从地面形成一个入口井眼;
在入口井眼中插入一导向管束,所述导向管束包括:
两根或多根导向管,其中:
所述两根或多根导向管包括一个位于第一端的第一孔和一个在第二端的第二孔;
所述导向管被设置成彼此纵向相邻;并且
所述第一孔的纵轴从所述第二空隙的纵轴偏离,并且
通过所述导向管束从所述入口井眼形成两个或多个斜井井眼。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中:
每一导向管的第一孔水平取向;并且
每一导向管的第二孔相对于第一孔以一定的角度取向。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的导向管是彼此缠绕的。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的缠绕角度约为10度。
17.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于:
所述的导向管设置成在所述第一端彼此纵向邻近;并且
所述导向管在所述第二端分离。
18.一个从所述地面进入地下层的系统,包括:
一个从地面延伸的入口井眼;
从所述入口井眼向地下层延伸的两个或多个斜井井眼;
从所述斜井井眼延伸进入所述地下层的一个基本水平的排水型式。
19.如权利要求18所述的系统,其中所述的两个或多个斜井井眼大致等间距的放射状排列在竖井眼周围。
20.如权利要求18所述的系统,还包括三个斜井井眼。
21.如权利要求20所述的系统,其中所述三个斜井井眼以放射状排列在所述竖井眼周围,其相隔约120度。
22.如权利要求18所述的系统,其中所述的水平排水型式包括分支井眼。
23.如权利要求22所述的系统,其中所述分支井眼设置出引流至少640英亩所述地下层。
24.如权利要求18所述的系统,还包括在临近所述地下层的每一斜井井眼内的一个扩大的空腔。
25.一个从地面进入一个地下层的方法,包括:
形成延伸到所述地下层的两个或多个斜井井眼,所述两个或多个斜井井眼从一个共同钻孔垫形成;并且
在所述地下层形成一个或多个基本水平的排水型式,每一排水型式与至少一个所述斜井井眼相交。
26.如权利要求25中所述的方法,还包括:
通过一个排水型式将流体引至所述两个或多个斜井井眼;并且
在两个或多个斜井井眼中积聚所述流体,并将所述流体泵送到地面。
27.一种从地面进入地层的方法,包括:
从地面形成一个入口井眼;
从入口井眼到地下层形成两个或多个斜井井眼;并且
在地层形成基本水平的排水型式,它们各自插入至少一个斜井井眼。
28.如权利要求27所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
通过排水型式将流体导入两个或多个斜井井眼;并在两个或多个斜井井眼中收集流体并泵送至地面。
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- 2002-10-16 AT AT02786427T patent/ATE317053T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-10-16 EP EP02786427A patent/EP1440220B8/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2002-10-16 CN CNA2007100877530A patent/CN101016836A/zh active Pending
- 2002-10-16 UA UA20040504093A patent/UA77027C2/uk unknown
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101377124B (zh) * | 2007-08-29 | 2011-12-28 | 王建生 | 水平裸眼导流槽井和糖葫芦井煤层气开采方法 |
CN104481495A (zh) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-04-01 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | 煤层气丛式双层多分支水平井及对应排采直井系统的钻井方法 |
CN110073075A (zh) * | 2016-10-26 | 2019-07-30 | 杰米·L·戴维斯 | 开采固态天然资源的垂直及水平通道的开凿方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101016836A (zh) | 2007-08-15 |
ZA200403036B (en) | 2005-05-03 |
US20050161216A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
DE60209038D1 (de) | 2006-04-13 |
AU2002349947B2 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
US6848508B2 (en) | 2005-02-01 |
CA2464105A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
RU2004116349A (ru) | 2005-10-27 |
RU2315847C2 (ru) | 2008-01-27 |
MXPA04004029A (es) | 2004-07-08 |
PL368681A1 (en) | 2005-04-04 |
EP1440220A1 (en) | 2004-07-28 |
PL200885B1 (pl) | 2009-02-27 |
US7048049B2 (en) | 2006-05-23 |
WO2003038233A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
US8376039B2 (en) | 2013-02-19 |
US20090084534A1 (en) | 2009-04-02 |
EP1440220B1 (en) | 2006-02-01 |
UA77027C2 (en) | 2006-10-16 |
EP1440220B8 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
US20040154802A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
DE60209038T2 (de) | 2006-10-26 |
ATE317053T1 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
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