CN1578140A - 开关组件、具有该开关组件的电机及其控制方法 - Google Patents
开关组件、具有该开关组件的电机及其控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/42—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual single-phase induction motor
- H02P1/44—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual single-phase induction motor by phase-splitting with a capacitor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
- F04D15/02—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions
- F04D15/0209—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions responsive to a condition of the working fluid
- F04D15/0218—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions responsive to a condition of the working fluid the condition being a liquid level or a lack of liquid supply
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
- G01F23/263—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors
- G01F23/266—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors measuring circuits therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/42—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual single-phase induction motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/28—Modifications for introducing a time delay before switching
- H03K17/292—Modifications for introducing a time delay before switching in thyristor, unijunction transistor or programmable unijunction transistor switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/30—Modifications for providing a predetermined threshold before switching
- H03K17/305—Modifications for providing a predetermined threshold before switching in thyristor switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/72—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region
- H03K17/725—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region for ac voltages or currents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
Abstract
一种包括开关(例如电子开关)和连接至该开关用于控制该开关的控制器的开关组件。该开关组件还可包括:可连接到供电源并连接至控制器的电源。该电源被设置为接收来自供电源的供电并可控地为控制器供电。该开关组件还可包括:发生器和判定逻辑。该开关组件可被用于电机(例如马达)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电子开关组件且,更具体地,涉及一种控制通过电路中电流的电子开关组件,如电机辅助电路(例如辅助启动电路)。
背景技术
分相和电容启动类型的单相感应式马达典型地具有在启动马达时连接至电源的启动绕组。然而,一旦启动,通常要移去启动绕组,导致马达变得更加有效率。移去启动绕组和启动电容(如果存在)的一个原因是启动绕组和启动电容不是典型地设计用于连续的任务。即是说,这些部件如果不变地保留在电路中其将会发生故障。关于此问题通常的解决方案是将电子开关电路与启动绕组(和启动电容)串联连接,用以控制通过启动绕组的电流。
关于上述马达的启动开关的最常用的实现方案是安装在马达轴上的离心开关,该离心开关检测马达轴速度并在适当的速度断开(open)启动绕组触点。此速度典型地约为马达额定运转速度的75%到80%。
存在一些与包括有离心开关的马达相关联的问题。由于开关断开的是感性负载,所以在触点断开时产生巨大的瞬间放电(spark)。该瞬间放电使开关触点凹陷并最终导致开关故障。关于机械开关的另一问题是必须在生产中进行调整该开关以获得准确的开关速度。这是在生产过程中增加成本的又一步骤。同样地,如果出现调整困难,则该步骤会延缓马达的生产。另一经常被引用的问题是开关必须安装在马达轴上,并因此限制了封装的选择。开关组件增加了马达的长度,这使得在紧凑的空间中安置马达更加具有挑战性。次要的问题是开关在断开和闭合(close)时产生噪声。某些用户会发现噪声是令人反感的。
发明内容
对于包括有离心启动开关的马达的一种选择方案是具有电启动开关的马达。在一个实施例中,本发明提供了一种用于控制通过电路的电流的新颖和有效的电子开关组件。如同在这里所使用的,该电路是导体或导体的系统,电流可以或计划通过该导体或导体的系统。示例性电路是电容启动类型的单相感应式马达的启动绕组和启动电容(此处被称为辅助电路)。然而,电子组件不限于电容启动类型的感应式马达。
在该电子组件的一种结构中,该组件包括:电源模块、开关控制模块和电路控制模块。如在这里所使用的,模块是电路组件和/或执行单元功能的部件。电源模块为电子开关组件供电。开关控制模块包括:电子开关,且通常基于从电路控制模块所接收的信号来断开(或闭合)开关。
在另一实施例中,本发明提供了一种电机(例如马达),其具有由电子开关组件控制的绕组(例如启动绕组)。通过参考详细说明和附图,本发明的其他方面将变得显而易见。
附图说明
图1是体现本发明的包括有电子开关的马达的电气示意图。
图2是能够用于图1所示电路的典型的电子开关组件的框图。
图3是能够用于图2的电子开关组件的示例性电源的电气示意图。
图4是能够用于图3的电子开关组件的示例性开关控制模块和电路控制模块的电气示意图。
图5是图4所示电气示意图一部分的电气示意图,且具体地,是电压检测电路、发生器电路、NAND门和开关驱动器的电气示意图。
图6是图4所示电气示意图一部分的电气示意图,且具体地,是启动设置电路、定时器电路、电流检测电路和锁存电路的电气示意图。
图7是通过单相、电容启动感应式马达辅助电路的、以安培为单位的电流与以毫秒为单位的时间相对照,以及以马达速度百分数与以毫秒为单位的时间相对照的曲线图。
具体实施方式
在详细解释本发明的实施例之前,需要理解本发明不限于其在下文的描述中所提出的或下文图中所说明的部件结构和配置细节中的应用。本发明可用于其它实施例,并可通过不同的方法实践或实现。同样地,需要理解本文中使用的用语和术语是用于说明的目的而不应被视作限制性的。“包括”、“包含”或“具有”及其在本文中变化的使用意指包括其后面列出的项目和其等效物,也意指附加的项目。术语“连接”、“耦合”和“安装”及其变化在本文中被广泛的使用,并且,除非有另外的规定,包括直接和间接的连接、耦合和安装。而且,术语“连接”和“耦合”及其变化在本文中不限于物理和机械连接或耦合。
图1示意性地描绘了单相、电容启动感应式马达100。该马达100包括:主绕组105、启动绕组110、启动电容115和电子开关组件120。除非另外的详细说明,下文的描述将特指马达100。然而,本发明不限于马达100。例如,下文中描述的电子开关组件120可用于单相、分相感应式马达;电容启动、电容运转感应式马达和相似的感应式马达。同样预见电子开关组件120(或开关组件120的方面)可被用于其它马达类型或其它电机,其中电子开关组件120控制通过马达或电机的电路的电流。也预见电子开关组件120(或该开关组件的方面)可被用于任何电路,其中开关组件120控制通过电路的电流。
通过参考图1,主绕组105、启动绕组110和启动电容115是电容启动、电容运转感应式马达的传统的部件。预见其它部件可以补充到马达100中,且图1仅意指能够结合电子开关组件120使用的代表性的感应式马达。
图2显示了一个电子开关组件120的结构框图。通过参考图2,电子开关组件包括电源200、开关控制模块205和电路控制模块210。图3和4是详细的显示一个示例性电子开关组件120的电气结构图。
电源200接收来自供电源的供电(例如115VAC或230VAC供电)并提供调整过的(也就是恒定的或稳定的)电压。对于图2中所示的结构,电源200连接至电源线并提供直流(例如-5VDC)供电。
图3是显示一个能够结合电子开关120使用的示例性电源200的详细示意图。通过参考图3,电源200包括:电阻R1、R12和R23;电容C5;二极管D6;齐纳(Zener)二极管D5和D9;以及晶体管Q7。在操作中,当正半周期电压跨接在电源200时,二极管D6阻挡通过电源的电流。当负半周期电压跨接在电源200时,二极管D6导通,引起电流流过电阻R1、由此对电容C5充电。当电容C5达到由齐纳二极管D5确定的电压时,齐纳二极管D5开始导通,由此限制了电容C5上的电压。电阻R5在从电源200移走供电时耗散电容C5的电荷,允许电子开关组件120重置。
图3中所示电路的一个特征是,如果马达100被接入错误的供电电压时该电路防止电子开关120操作。为提供某些背景,马达制造商常常将马达设计用于双电压操作(例如115或230VAC操作),用以将所生产不同马达类型的数目保持为最少。技术人员常犯的错误是将设置为115VAC的马达接入230VAC的供电线。当该供电接入马达时,电子开关将如同正常情况那样操作且马达将启动(如果不存在电压钳位电路)。然而,当开关电路闭合启动绕组时,三端双向可控硅开关元件(triac)将需要阻挡大的电压(例如1200V)。电源钳位防止马达启动,并因此三端双向可控硅开关元件需要阻挡相对很小的电压(例如350V)。由于马达不启动,因此钳位电路具有警告安装者某些东西出错的额外的优点。
再次参考图3,晶体管Q7、电阻R23和齐纳二极管D9形成电源钳位电路。更具体地,齐纳二极管D9具有已设置的反向击穿电压(例如200VDC),其导致齐纳二极管在施加在电源200的电压大于设计的马达电压(例如130VAC)时导通。当齐纳二极管D9导通、晶体管Q7断开时,由此短接了电源。此电路通过防止电源200为电路供电来在马达100被接入错误的供电电压时防止电子开关120工作。
再次参考图2,电子开关组件120包括开关控制模块205。该开关控制模块205包括:与待控制电路串联连接的开关215。对于所显示的结构,开关215与启动绕组110和启动电容115串联连接。开关215可以是响应于控制信号来防止/允许电流通过开关215的任何电子开关。示例性开关215是三端双向可控硅开关元件。在一个具体的结构中,电子开关215是“AC Switch”牌的开关,型号ACST8-8C,由法国ST Microelectronics生产,在其同一封装内其还提供向三端双向可控硅开关元件(triac)提供高压钳位器件,用以向三端双向可控硅开关元件提供更好的线路瞬变抵抗力和能力来对感性负载进行开关。除非另外的具体说明,用于下文中说明的开关215是三端双向可控硅开关元件。
再次参考图2所示的结构,开关控制模块205包括:发生器220和NAND门225。发生器220向NAND门225提供信号,其将产生的信号同来自电路控制模块210(在下文中说明)的信号进行比较。NAND门225的结果对开关215进行控制。在进一步的说明之前,应当指出,尽管所示的电子开关通过NAND门230描述,但是该电路也可以容易地设计成其它门类型。
当开关215是三端双向可控硅开关元件时,发生器225可以是脉冲发生器,且开关控制205也可包括电压检测电路230。一般说来,三端双向可控硅开关元件是双向门控可控硅(thyristor),其有能力响应脉冲在各方向导通。因此,三端双向可控硅开关元件不需要用于允许电流通过该三端双向可控硅开关元件的固定控制(OR门)电压。相反,发生器200可以是提供控制脉冲的脉冲发生器。为协助脉冲发生器,开关控制模块205包括电压检测电路230。电压检测电路230通常监控加在开关215上的电压(也就是加在辅助电路上的电压)并基于所加的电压产生脉冲。例如,电压检测电路230可监控加在三端双向可控硅开关元件上的电压,并产生关于所加电压与零点交叉后的电压起期(inception)的脉冲(也称为选通脉冲)。脉冲被加到NAND门225上。NAND门225基于电路控制模块215的条件判定选通脉冲是否应被加到三端双向可控硅开关元件开关215上,其结果控制通过三端双向可控硅开关元件215的电流。预见电压检测电路230和发生器220可被不同地设计用于其它门逻辑类型和其它开关类型(例如其它电子器件类型)。
图5是显示一个示例性开关控制模块的详细原理图,该开关控制模块包括:三端双向可控硅开关元件Q1、三端双向可控硅开关元件电压检测电路530、脉冲发生器520、NAND门U1D和开关驱动器570。三端双向可控硅开关元件电压检测电路530包括:电阻R10、R11、R18和R19;二极管D3;齐纳二极管D4;晶体管Q5以及NAND门U1C。脉冲发生器520包括:电容C1和电阻R3。输出驱动器570包括:电阻R5、R7、R8、R16和R17以及晶体管Q3和Q4。
一种使电子电路的成本尽可能低的方法是使电源提供的电流尽可能地低。一种在电子开关电路中帮助达到此目的的方法是将三端双向可控硅开关元件用作开关215。三端双向可控硅开关元件具有是双向门控可控硅的优点,该可控硅对于连续地导通仅需要重复性的脉冲。因此,与向三端双向可控硅开关元件提供连续的信号(就是说通过NAND门225)不同的是,电压检测电路530和发生器电路520仅需要短的连续脉冲(例如25μs),其中每个脉冲产生于加在三端双向可控硅开关元件开关Q1的电压的每个半周期。
通过参考图5,电压检测电路530监控跨接在三端双向可控硅开关元件上的电压(称为三端双向可控硅开关元件电压),并确定该三端双向可控硅开关元件电压的绝对值是否大于阈值(例如5V)。当该三端双向可控硅开关元件电压的绝对值大于阈值时,将逻辑0加到NAND门U1C的管脚9,由此导致逻辑1被加到脉冲发生器520。管脚8的电压开始为电容C1充电,并将NAND门U1D的管脚12拉高。经过电容C1和电阻R3的时间常数,逻辑1被加到U1D的管脚12。因此,电压检测电路530和发生器520电路的结果是脉冲被提供给NAND门U1D,该脉冲仅在三端双向可控硅开关元件电压经过零点电压到达正的或负的阈值时产生(就是说紧随每个零点交叉事件之后产生),且脉冲严格相关于电源的AC周期。开关驱动器570基于NAND门U1D的输出驱动三端双向可控硅开关元件Q1。尽管不需要,由于三端双向可控硅开关元件Q1可浮于地,所以仍需要使用开关驱动器570。如果三端双向可控硅开关元件Q1确实浮动,则驱动器570防止电压反馈回NAND门U1C和U1D。
图5所示电路的微妙的特征涉及图5中标注为575的线。线575在脉冲被加到三端双向可控硅开关元件Q1的门上时锁住电压检测电路530。该特征确保全部电流脉冲被加到三端双向可控硅开关元件Q1上,且由此防止三端双向可控硅开关元件Q1被干扰而导通。更具体地,当电流脉冲被加到门上时,三端双向可控硅开关元件Q1将开始导通。加在三端双向可控硅开关元件Q1主端子上的电压将接近零点,而不使用线575。这可能欺骗电压检测电路530使其认为三端双向可控硅开关元件Q1全部导通,且该电路终止给门的电流脉冲。线575通过在电阻R3和C1的时间常数内使NAND门U1C提供逻辑1的结果来防止这种情况的发生。
在进一步的说明之前应当指出,在某些结构中,电压检测电路230、发生器220和NAND门225是不需要的。即是说,电路控制模块210(在下文中讨论)可直接控制开关215。
再次参考图2,电子开关组件100包括电路控制模块210。对于图2中所示的结构,控制模块210包括:锁存器235、启动设置电路240、电流检测电路245、OR门250和限制定时器255。锁存器235,其显示为SR锁存器,其基于在锁存器输入端接收到的值向开关控制模块205提供输出,该锁存器的输入显示为输入S和R。该输出确定开关215是断开还是闭合。可使用其它的锁存器和其他的用于SR锁存器的布置(例如,如果用AND门替换NAND门225)。
当马达电源200断开,以及随后电子开关组件断开时,启动设置电路240将锁存器设置在设置条件。这确保启动绕组110在至少设置脉冲期间内被赋能,还确保电流检测电路245(在下文中讨论)在允许其断开开关215之前稳定。图6中显示了示例性启动电路640。该启动设置电路640包括:电阻R4和R6、电容C2、二极管D2、齐纳二极管D1以及晶体管Q2。启动周期的持续时间由需要多少时间将电容C2充电至大于齐纳二极管D1的反向击穿电压的电压来设定。
有两种方法可重置锁存器235:A)通过开关215(也就是通过控制电路)的电流幅度大于阈值或B)定时器超时。例如,如果马达的转子锁定在启动状态,启动绕组电流的幅度将不会增加,且启动绕组将保持连接直至热开关保护马达最终断开。由于此连续流过马达启动绕组的高电流,使得三端双向可控硅开关元件开关和电流检测电阻(在下文中讨论)将变得非常热并可能故障。为保持电路的成本低,添加限制定时器,以用于在定时周期(例如1到1.5秒)后终止启动绕组电流,而不论马达是否启动。图6显示了作为电阻R9和电容C4的示例性定时器电路655,其中定时器电路655的周期由电阻R9和电容C4的RC时间常数确定。定时器在定时周期后改变提供给OR门250(图2)的信号值(例如从逻辑0到逻辑1)。
电流检测电路245的结果也提供给OR门250。再次参考图2,电流检测电路245检测通过开关215的电流并将检测值同阈值相比较。OR门的结果提供给锁存器235,由此控制锁存器235、NAND门225,并最终控制开关215。更具体地,如果电流检测电路245或限制定时器255产生逻辑1,则SR锁存器重置,由此控制NAND门225和开关210。在进一步的说明之前,应当指出定时器225或电流检测电路245可从电路控制模块210中移除。此外,在其它结构中,其它传感器或电路可被用于替换电流检测电路245(例如电压传感器),且电流检测电路245可检测其它电路(例如主绕组电路)或部件。
图6是显示一个示例性电路控制模块的详细示意图,其包括:设置/重置锁存电路635、启动设置电路640、定时器电路655和电流检测电路645。设置/重置锁存电路635包括:NAND门U1A和U1B。电流检测电路645包括:电阻R2、R13、R14和R15;电容C6;二极管D7;以及晶体管Q6。对于电流检测电路,电流自三端双向可控硅开关元件Q1(图5)流经电阻R2(图6)。这产生经过电阻R2的用于检测的压降。电流从所加供电的负半周期流经二极管D7和电阻R13,用以对电容C6充电。电容C6的充电涉及跨接在电阻R2的压降。当跨接在电阻R2的压降大于阈值时,开关Q6激活并将U1B的管脚5拉低。这导致锁存器635的重置且随即锁存器635向NAND门U1D提供逻辑0,由此使三端双向可控硅开关元件Q1去活。
电流检测电路645的一个特征是电路645基于初始的启动绕组电流来调节开关点。为提供某些背景,在低线路条件过程中,启动绕组电流较低,而在高线路条件过程中,启动绕组电流较高。这可潜在地产生开关速度错误。为补偿这种情况,启动绕组电流的最开始的两个或三个周期将电容C6充电至低于跨接在电流检测电阻R2的电压峰值的0.7V的值(也就是二极管的正向压降)。这为电路设置了断路(trip)阈值。当在马达达到操作速度时启动绕组的电流幅度迅速增长时,晶体管Q6上从基极到发射极的电压变得足够使晶体管Q6导通。因此,电流检测电路245调节开关点,用以探测辅助电路的电流何时激化(flare)(也就是幅度的迅速增长)。
图4所示的电子开关组件的一个特征是该组件仅使用三个连接用于连接马达。而且,每个连接可容易地获得。这减小了添加图4所示开关组件的复杂度,并潜在地减小了组装时间。然而,对于其它结构,可能需要更多的连接。
如前文描述并最佳的显示在图1中的,电子开关组件120可控制通过单相、电容启动感应式马达的启动绕组110和启动电容115的电流。在操作中,当供电被加到马达120上时,电源200充电并且当充电时,电子开关组件120被赋能。当加在启动绕组110(和电子开关组件120)的电压通过零点时,电压检测电路230和发生器220检测在开关215上的电压,并产生关于该电压与零点交叉后的电压起期的脉冲。该脉冲提供给NAND门225。
NAND门225接收来自锁存器235的控制信号。基于此控制信号,NAND门225触发(或“再触发”)开关215进入导通。对于所显示的结构,当NAND门225从锁存器235接收逻辑1时,开关215导通,并且当NAND门225从锁存器235接收逻辑0时,开关215防止电流通过辅助电路。
启动设置电路240经由锁存器235和NAND门225使开关215在电源赋能电子开关组件之后导通一段时间间隔。电流检测电路245监控流经开关组件的电流幅度。当此幅度大于阈值时,电流检测电路245经由OR门250、锁存器235和NAND门225使开关215防止电流通过辅助电路(也就是“断开”开关215)。如果马达在一段时间间隔没有达到速度,则定时器225经由OR门250、锁存器235和NAND门225使开关215防止电流通过辅助电路。防止电流通过辅助电路防止了电流通过启动绕组110和启动电容115。
电子开关组件120检测辅助电路的电流幅度以确定用于辅助电路的适当的开关点。图7显示了典型的辅助电路电流波形700。可以发现当转子速度上升(波形705)时,辅助电路的电流幅度保持相对恒定直至马达接近运行速度。当马达达到运行速度时,由于启动绕组不再为输出扭矩作出贡献,但相反地与主绕组相逆,所以电流幅度迅速增长。针对其优点,电子开关电路120使用电流的激化用于使辅助电路和随后的启动绕组失去作用。
因此,本发明特别提供了一种新颖且有效的电子开关组件和具有该电子开关组件的马达。上文中所描述的和在图中所说明的实施例仅通过实例的方式提出而非意欲作为本发明的概念和原理的约束。本发明不同的特征和优点在下文中的权利要求中阐明。
Claims (57)
1.一种电子开关组件,包括:
电子开关;
控制器,其连接至电子开关,用以控制电子开关;和
电源,其可连接到供电源并连接至控制器,该电源被设置为接收来自供电源的供电,并可控地为控制器供电,该电源包括:钳位电路,其在当接收到的供电电压大于阈值时阻止电源为控制器供电。
2.如权利要求1所陈述的电子开关组件,其中电源包括齐纳二极管,且其中阈值近似为该齐纳二极管的反向击穿电压。
3.如权利要求1所陈述的电子开关组件,其中电源包括:开关和控制该开关的齐纳二极管,其中该齐纳二极管在供电源电压近似等于该齐纳二极管反向击穿电压时促使电流通过该齐纳二极管,且其中电流控制该开关以阻止电源为控制器供电。
4.如权利要求1所陈述的电子开关组件,其中开关响应于来自齐纳二极管的电流来短接电源。
5.如权利要求1所陈述的电子开关组件,其中控制器包括检测参数的传感器,且其中控制器基于该参数来选择性地控制电子开关。
6.一种可连接到电源的电机,该电机包括:
转子;
绕组;和
以串联关系电气连接至绕组的电子开关组件,该电子开关组件包括:
电子开关;
控制器,其连接至电子开关,用于控制电子开关;
电源,其可连接到供电源并连接至控制器,该电源被设置为接收来自供电源的供电并可控地为控制器供电,该电源包括:钳位电路,其在当接收到的供电电压大于阈值时阻止电源为控制器供电,由此阻止电流通过绕组。
7.如权利要求6所陈述的电机,其中电源包括齐纳二极管,且其中阈值近似为该齐纳二极管的反向击穿电压。
8.如权利要求6所陈述的电机,其中电源包括:开关和控制该开关的齐纳二极管,其中该齐纳二极管在供电源电压近似等于该齐纳二极管反向击穿电压时促使电流通过该齐纳二极管,且其中电流控制该开关以阻止电源为控制器供电。
9.如权利要求6所陈述的电机,其中开关响应于来自齐纳二极管的电流来短接电源。
10.如权利要求6所陈述的电机,其中控制器包括检测参数的传感器,且其中控制器基于该参数来选择性地控制电子开关。
11.如权利要求6所陈述的电机,其中控制器包括:电流传感器,其检测通过开关的电流,且其中控制器基于检测到的电流来选择性地控制电子开关。
12.如权利要求11所陈述的电机,其中控制器在当检测到的电流大于阈值时断开电子开关。
13.如权利要求6所陈述的电机,其中控制器包括
提供第一信号的发生器,
电路控制,其包括检测参数的检测器,该电路控制基于检测到的信号提供第二信号,
连接至发生器、电路控制和开关的判定逻辑,该判定逻辑接收第一和第二信号并产生控制信号,该控制信号基于第一和第二信号选择性地控制电子开关。
14.如权利要求13所陈述的电机,其中开关包括三端双向可控硅开关元件,且其中第一信号包括多个脉冲。
15.如权利要求14所陈述的电机,其中控制器进一步包括:电压检测电路,其包括检测跨接在三端双向可控硅开关元件的电压的传感器。
16.如权利要求15所陈述的电机,其中脉冲与所检测的电压与零点交叉后的电压起期相关。
17.如权利要求13所陈述的电机,其中该电路控制包括定时器,且其中该电路控制基于检测的参数和定时器来提供第二信号。
18.如权利要求17所陈述的电机,其中控制信号在定时器定时时间周期时断开开关。
19.如权利要求18所陈述的电机,其中控制信号在检测到的参数大于阈值时断开开关。
20.如权利要求19所陈述的电机,其中电路控制包括:在第二时间周期内防止开关断开的延时。
21.如权利要求19所陈述的电机,其中该传感器是电流传感器,且该参数是通过开关的电流。
22.如权利要求13所陈述的电机,其中控制信号在当检测到的参数大于阈值时断开开关。
23.如权利要求22所陈述的电机,其中该传感器是电流传感器,且该参数是通过开关的电流。
24.一种控制具有自供电源供电的电机的方法,该电机包括:转子、绕组和电气连接至该绕组的电子开关组件,该电子开关组件包括:电子开关、连接至该电子开关用于控制该电子开关的控制器和连接到供电源和控制器的电源,该方法包括以下动作:
将电子开关组件连接至电源;
为电源供电;
在电源处确定供电电压是否大于一个值;并
当电压大于该值时阻止电源为控制器供电。
25.如权利要求24所陈述的方法,还进一步的包括:响应于阻止电源为控制器供电,以防止电流通过绕组。
26.如权利要求25所陈述的方法,其中电机是马达,且其中该方法进一步包括:响应于防止电流通过绕组来防止马达启动。
27.如权利要求26所陈述的方法,其中阻止电源为控制器供电包括短接该电源。
28.如权利要求24所陈述的方法,其中阻止电源为控制器供电包括短接该电源。
29.一种控制具有自供电源供电的电机的方法,该电机包括:转子、绕组和以串联关系电气连接至该绕组的电子开关组件,该开关组件包括:开关和连接至该电子开关用于控制该电子开关的控制器,该方法包括以下动作:
将马达连接至供电源;
允许电流通过电子开关;
监控电流;并
当监控电流激化时防止电流通过电子开关。
30.如权利要求29所陈述的方法,其中监控电流包括:检测电流和基于初始的检测到的电流来确定阈值。
31.如权利要求30所陈述的方法,其中防止电流通过电子开关包括:将检测到的电流同阈值相比较。
32.如权利要求31所陈述的方法,其中防止电流通过电子开关包括:在检测到的电流大于阈值时防止电流流过电子开关。
33.如权利要求29所陈述的方法,其中开关包括电子开关。
34.如权利要求33所陈述的方法,其中电子开关包括三端双向可控硅开关元件。
35.如权利要求34所陈述的方法,其中允许电流通过电子开关包括:向三端双向可控硅开关元件提供脉冲。
36.如权利要求35所陈述的方法,其中该方法进一步包括:监控提供给开关组件的供电电压,并基于该监控电压向三端双向可控硅开关元件提供脉冲。
37.如权利要求35所陈述的方法,其中监控供电电压包括:监控和零点交叉的电压,并根据该零点交叉后的电压起期向三端双向可控硅开关元件提供脉冲。
38.一种可连接到电源的电机,该电机包括:
转子;
绕组,和
以串联关系电气连接至绕组的开关组件,该开关组件包括
开关,和
连接至该开关用于控制该开关的控制器,该控制器包括:检测通过该开关的电流的电流传感器、基于检测到的电流产生阈值的调节器以及基于检测到的电流和阈值控制开关的判定逻辑。
39.如权利要求38所陈述的电机,其中调节器产生具有相关于检测到电流的阈值,使得判定逻辑探测检测到的电流何时激化。
40.如权利要求38所陈述的电机,其中电流传感器包括电阻。
41.如权利要求40所陈述的电机,其中调节器包括:电容,其充电至同通过电阻的电流相关的电压,该充电电压和阈值相关,还包括开关,其在跨接在电阻的压降大于阈值时向判定逻辑提供信号。
42.如权利要求38所陈述的电机,其中开关包括电子开关。
43.如权利要求42所陈述的电机,其中开关组件进一步包括:可连接到供电源并连接至控制器的电源,该电源被设置为接收来自供电源的供电并可控地为控制器供电,该电源包括:钳位电路,其在当接收到的供电电压大于阈值时阻止电源为控制器供电,由此防止电流通过绕组。
44.如权利要求43所陈述的电机,其中判定逻辑在检测到的电流大于阈值时断开电子开关。
45.如权利要求38所陈述的电机,其中控制器进一步包括:提供信号的发生器,且其中判定逻辑进一步基于产生的信号来控制开关。
46.如权利要求45所陈述的电机,其中开关包括三端双向可控硅开关元件,且其中第一信号包括多个脉冲。
47.一种可连接到电源的电机,该电机包括:
转子;
绕组;和
以串联关系电气连接至绕组的电子开关组件,该电子开关组件包括
电子开关,
提供第一信号的发生器,
电路控制,其包括检测参数的传感器,该电路控制基于检测到的参数来提供第二信号,
连接至发生器、电路控制和电子开关的判定逻辑,该判定逻
辑接收第一和第二信号并产生控制信号,该控制信号基于第一和
第二信号选择性地控制电子开关。
48.如权利要求47所陈述的电机,其中开关包括三端双向可控硅开关元件,且其中第一信号包括多个脉冲。
49.如权利要求48所陈述的电机,其中控制器进一步包括:电压检测电路,其包括检测跨接在三端双向可控硅开关元件的电压的传感器。
50.如权利要求49所陈述的电机,其中脉冲与所检测的电压与零点交叉后的电压起期相关。
51.如权利要求47所陈述的电机,其中电路控制包括定时器,且其中电路控制基于检测的参数和定时器来提供第二信号。
52.如权利要求51所陈述的电机,其中控制信号在定时器定时时间周期时断开开关。
53.如权利要求52所陈述的电机,其中控制信号在检测到的参数大于阈值时断开开关。
54.如权利要求53所陈述的电机,其中电路控制包括在第二时间周期内防止开关断开的延时。
55.如权利要求53所陈述的电机,其中该传感器是电流传感器,且该参数是通过开关的电流。
56.如权利要求47所陈述的电机,其中控制信号在当检测到的参数大于阈值时断开开关。
57.如权利要求56所陈述的电机,其中该传感器是电流传感器,且该参数是通过开关的电流。
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US10/615,815 US6989649B2 (en) | 2003-07-09 | 2003-07-09 | Switch assembly, electric machine having the switch assembly, and method of controlling the same |
US10/615,815 | 2003-07-09 |
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-
2004
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- 2004-07-09 CN CNB2004100698058A patent/CN100373773C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-03-16 US US11/081,394 patent/US7183741B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-16 US US11/081,165 patent/US7042192B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-01-24 US US11/626,755 patent/US7427844B2/en active Active
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101971480A (zh) * | 2008-03-12 | 2011-02-09 | 苏莫特有限责任公司 | 用于启动单相异步电动机的方法和设备 |
CN101971480B (zh) * | 2008-03-12 | 2015-04-15 | 株式会社荏原制作所 | 用于启动单相异步电动机的方法和设备 |
TWI808529B (zh) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-07-11 | 謝仲賢 | 雙電壓門機控制系統 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1496617A2 (en) | 2005-01-12 |
US20070113647A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
US20050007062A1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
US20050158177A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
US20050156557A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
EP1496617A3 (en) | 2009-05-06 |
US7042192B2 (en) | 2006-05-09 |
US7183741B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 |
CN100373773C (zh) | 2008-03-05 |
US7427844B2 (en) | 2008-09-23 |
US6989649B2 (en) | 2006-01-24 |
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