CN1599580A - 减振元件和用于稳定相邻脊椎体的装置 - Google Patents
减振元件和用于稳定相邻脊椎体的装置 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
- F16F3/08—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber
- F16F3/10—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber combined with springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
- A61B17/7019—Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other
- A61B17/7026—Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other with a part that is flexible due to its form
- A61B17/7028—Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other with a part that is flexible due to its form the flexible part being a coil spring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/04—Wound springs
- F16F1/12—Attachments or mountings
- F16F1/123—Attachments or mountings characterised by the ends of the spring being specially adapted, e.g. to form an eye for engagement with a radial insert
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
- A61B17/7004—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods with a cross-section which varies along its length
Abstract
一种减振元件(1),包括:A)两个与纵轴线(3)同轴或平行的弹性部件(2;4)和轴向端部的两个连接部件(5;6),其中B)第一弹性部件(2)具有一弹性率F;C)第二弹性部件(4)具有一弹性率f;和D)所述弹性率F和f是相互不同的。一种用于稳定相邻脊椎体的装置,具有:A)邦N个梗节螺钉或梗节钩(12),其中N≥3;并且其中B)每个梗节螺钉或梗节钩(12)包括容纳机构(13),它允许容纳纵向的固定部件(7),其中C)一个起到弹簧作用的部件(14)装进两个相邻的梗节螺钉(12)或梗节钩之间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种如权利要求1前序部分所述的减振元件,以及一种如权利要求27前序部分所述的用于稳定相邻脊椎体的装置。
背景技术
由FR-A-2 799 949已知一种脊柱固定装置,它由许多郁金香花形的梗节螺钉(Pedikelschraube)组成,它们代替常见的刚性长支架与各螺旋弹簧部件相互连接。螺旋弹簧的长度尽管可以调整,但是由此只能改变两个相邻梗节螺钉之间的弹性力并由此改变两个相邻脊椎体之间的弹性力。由这个文献中不能看出,弹簧元件是否用在梗节螺钉之间的一个预紧状态中。
由EP-A-0 516 567已知另一种脊柱固定装置,它由许多郁金香花形的梗节螺钉组成,它们代替常见的刚性长支架与各减振元件相互连接。对于这种装置,缺陷是,只能承受梗节螺钉之间的加压力。因为减振元件对此具有一个固定的长度,所以已经提供了大量这种具有不同长度的减振元件,以便能够使适合长度的减振元件固定在两个植入的梗节螺钉之间。这是烦琐的并且还需要大量储存不同长度的减振元件。
由EP-B-0 669 109已知另一种脊柱固定装置,它由许多郁金香花形的具有通孔端头的梗节螺钉组成,它们代替常见的刚性长支架与一个穿过梗节螺钉圆孔可拉紧的弹性塑料带相互连接。在各梗节螺钉之间-在梗节螺钉上塑料带排成行-是空心圆柱形支承部件,它们能够承受梗节螺钉之间的可能出现的加压力。这种装置的缺陷是多方面的。
首先必需使塑料带和支承部件穿进已经植入的梗节螺钉圆孔里面或之间,如同串珠链那样,这对于外科医生是烦琐和耗时的。其次,这种-直至具一定弹性的塑料带都没有任何预应力。由于支承体的长度对于这个装置也是固定的,因此在支承体上设置给定断开位置,以使得这个支承体在体内手术时在两个相关的梗节螺钉之间的有效间距上可以由外科医生准确切断。这对于外科医生是烦琐并耗时的,并通常有可能导致支承部件过短,因此其减振作用通过一定的延迟才出现,这当然是不期望的。
发明内容
在此,本发明旨在提供补救措施。本发明的目的是,实现一个组合的、预紧的拉-压部件,它可以在两个梗节螺钉或梗节钩(Pedikelhaken)之间进行固定,并且一方面作为具有一定弹性率的弹性部件对拉力起作用,而另一方面作为具有另一弹性率的减振元件对压力起作用。
本发明通过一个减振元件实现上述目的,该元件具有权利要求1的特征,以及通过一个稳定相邻脊椎体的装置实现上述目的,该装置具有权利要求27的特征。
在按照本发明的减振元件的优选实施形式中,一个弹性部件设置为压簧。对于已装配的减振元件,设置在弹性部件端部上的连接部件连接在作为压簧设置的弹性部件的端部上,使得第一弹性部件可以承载拉力并可被预紧。
通过本发明可以实现的优点主要如下所述:
-通过选择不同长度的内圆柱体可以改变减振特性。
-在减振元件的预装配状态就已明确地确定了存在的预应力,并可以有选择地供给外科医生使用,其对应于患者的不同体重和不同适应症;
-减振元件可以在脊椎体拉开后快速而简单地插进梗节螺钉之间并固定于其上。
在按照本发明的减振元件的另一实施形式中,两个连接部件通过弹性部件可拆卸地连接。连接部件与至少一个弹性部件之间的连接最好通过一螺纹连接实现。由此可以根据使用情况采用不同的、适配于需要的连接部件。此外按照本发明的减振元件构成一个一体的拉/压部件,其长度是可灵活调整的。
在按照本发明的减振元件的另一实施形式中,两个连接部件中的至少一个连接部件与至少一个弹性部件是一体的。通过这种结构可以实现按照本发明的减振元件的紧凑结构方式。
所述连接部件根据按照本发明的减振元件的使用情况可以是杆状或套筒式的,其中每个连接部件与纵轴线同轴地设置在弹性部件的一端。套筒最好具有一个与纵轴线同轴的中心孔并包括用于使插进中心孔的连接杆固定的定位机构。通过减振元件的这种结构可以使一个杆状固定部件或另一减振元件的一个杆状连接部件与纵轴线同轴地与由套筒构成的第一减振元件的连接部件连接。
所述定位机构最好包括一个螺栓,它可以垂直于纵轴线旋进套筒并用于使一个插进套筒中心孔的杆状部件固定。通过使用一个径向不突出于套筒的螺柱作为定位机构可以实现按照本发明的减振元件的紧凑结构,这对于减振元件在稳定脊椎体的装置内部的应用是有利的。
在弹性部件的两个端部上的连接部件根据减振元件的使用情况可以是两个连接杆、两个套筒或者一个是套筒而另一个是连接杆。
在用于稳定相邻脊椎体的装置内部使用一个或多个按照本发明的减振元件时,最好将一个连接部件固定在一个梗节螺钉或一个梗节钩上并通过第二连接部件与一个杆状的长支架连接。为此这样设计连接部件的结构是适合的,即,一个连接部件由套筒构成而另一连接部件由连接杆构成。所述长支架插进套筒的中心孔并通过定位机构固定在套筒上,而杆状连接部件可以插进梗节螺钉或梗节钩上的以常见的方式由通道构成的容纳机构中并同样固定在那里。所述杆状结构的连接部件最好具有一个轴向长度,该长度大于容纳机构的长度,使得减振元件可以根据需要轴向移动或调整。
为了简化杆状固定部件如长支架和按照本发明的减振元件在稳定相邻脊椎体的装置内部的组合应用,这样选择由套筒构成的连接部件的中心孔的直径D和杆状连接部件的直径d,使D≈d。
在按照本发明的减振元件的另一实施形式中,这样地构成弹性部件,即,使它具有恒定的弹性率。由此可以在减振元件卸去负荷时重新建立无载荷的弹性部件的状态。
在按照本发明的减振元件的另一实施形式中,这个减振元件具有一个与纵轴线正交的、腰子形横截面。这种结构的优点是,例如在一个脊柱固定装置内部植入一个或多个减振元件时使它们可以在考虑到脊柱凸起或其它植入部件的情况下更有利地定位。
在按照本发明的减振元件的另一实施形式中,第二弹性部件设置在第一弹性部件的内部。第二弹性部件最好由压簧构成,使得在组装减振元件时至少使第一弹性部件实现预紧。此外两个弹性部件的布置最好是同心的。这种实施形式的优点同样是由此可以减小减振元件的外形尺寸。
在按照本发明的减振元件的另一实施形式中,设置在第一弹性部件内部的并由压簧构成的第二弹性部件具有一个与纵轴线同轴的中心孔,其直径最好等于套筒里面的中心孔直径。因此能够使插进中心孔里的杆状部件实现更长的轴向导向,由此能够在减振元件与杆状部件之间实现高度稳定的连接。
在按照本发明的减振元件的另一实施形式中,第一弹性部件由螺旋弹簧构成。该螺旋弹簧的螺旋形缝隙最好通过第二弹性部件上的一个互补的螺旋线形且可弹性变形的凸起封闭。在此,螺旋弹簧的弹簧螺旋线也可以是多头的。第二弹性部件最好由浇铸性材料制成,因此第二弹性部件可以浇铸进已经完工的第一弹性部件里面。
在按照本发明的减振元件的另一实施形式中,由压簧构成的弹性部件由聚合物,最好由聚碳酸酯氨基甲酸酯(PCU)制成。
在按照本发明的减振元件的另一实施形式中,由套筒构成的连接部件与弹性部件是一体的,由此可以实现一个简单的减振元件结构形式。在此,减振元件的结构也可以是两个连接部件都与第一弹性部件做成一体。
在按照本发明的减振元件的不同实施形式中,第一弹性部件的弹性常数F和第二弹性部件的弹性常数f是相互不同的。在此两个弹性常数F,f至少相差系数1.2,最好至少5。由此实现的优点是:减振元件的弹性力在施加拉力或压力时是不相同的。根据减振元件的应用范围,弹性常数相差的系数也可以在10至100之间。
在按照本发明的减振元件的其它实施形式中,第二减振元件的弹性率f介于50N/mm至5000N/mm之间,最好介于100N/mm至2000N/mm之间。
本发明的其它有利扩展结构在从属权利要求中给出。
按照本发明的用于稳定相邻脊椎体的装置主要包括多个可通过不同固定机构连接的梗节螺钉或梗节钩。在两个梗节螺钉或梗节钩之间作为固定机构例如可以使用杆状长支架、弹簧或按照本发明的减振元件。
在按照本发明的装置的优选实施形式中,梗节螺钉或梗节钩包括容纳机构,它们在按照本发明的减振元件上轴向可移动地容纳固定部件,如杆状的长支架、各自做成杆状结构的连接部件。为了将固定部件固定在容纳机构中,梗节螺钉或梗节钩包括固定机构,它们例如可以设置在端部并可以由锁紧螺栓或锁紧螺母构成。按照本发明的装置在其稳定性方面通过一方面使用刚硬的部件,如长支架,而另一方面使用减振的部件而可以适配于各种条件。
在按照本发明的装置的另一实施形式中,至少一个梗节螺钉或梗节钩包括容纳机构,它同时容纳两个平行的纵向的固定部件。通过这种方式能够使用一个起到弹簧作用的部件,例如一个按照本发明的减振元件,用以在至少一个配有容纳机构的梗节螺钉或梗节钩与另一相邻的梗节螺钉或梗节钩之间进行固定。
例如由US-A-4 653 481 HOWLAND已知具有容纳机构的梗节螺钉或梗节钩,它们允许两个平行的纵向的固定部件同时与梗节螺钉或梗节钩连接。按照本发明的减振元件与在上面提到的专利中给出的长支架相似,可以通过平行于纵轴线安置在连接部件上的连接杆例如在平行的通道中固定在螺钉头上。通过这种结构可以实现的减振元件在通道中平行于纵轴线的移动性能够使一个在植入前预紧到所期望的弹性力的、按照本发明的减振元件无需在减振元件上使用进一步的医学操作就插进梗节螺钉上的容纳机构里面。对于相邻梗节螺钉或梗节钩之间的间距的长度补偿,则通过端部平行于纵轴线设置的、杆状结构的连接部件在按照本发明的减振元件上在同样平行于纵轴线的通道中的轴向移动性实现。
减振元件的预紧允许考虑患者的不同的不稳定性、适应症或体重。减振元件在施行牵引术时对与此相连的脊柱部分被施加压力,而在在施行固定术时对与此相连的脊柱部分被施加拉力。选择弹性材料,例如聚合物,最好是聚碳酸酯氨基甲酸酯(PCU)用于承受压力的弹性部件,而选择金属用于也承受拉力的弹性部件,选择几何尺寸以及调整也被施加拉力的弹性部件的预应力,能够使按照本发明的装置最佳地适配于患者的生物力学状况。
按照本发明的装置的优点主要如下所述:
-从被加固的脊柱段均匀地刚性过渡到健康的脊柱段。
-减振元件可以有选择地与刚硬的连接杆分段地组合。
附图说明
下面借助于多个实施例的局部示意图更详细地描述本发明和本发明的扩展结构。附图中
图1为一按照本发明的减振元件实施形式的纵向截面图,
图2为一按照本发明的用于稳定相邻脊椎体的装置实施形式的视图,
图3为按照本发明的减振元件实施形式的分离图,
图4为一按照本发明的减振元件实施形式的视图,
图5为一按照本发明的减振元件实施形式的立体图,
图6为一按照本发明的减振元件实施形式的俯视图,
图7为一按照本发明的减振元件实施形式的纵向截面图,
图8为一按照本发明的装置实施形式在其应用于稳定相邻脊椎体时的视图,
图9为一按照本发明的装置实施形式的立体图。
具体实施方式
图1示出一个按照本发明的减振元件1的实施形式,它具有两个与纵轴线3同轴设置的弹性部件2;4。第一弹性部件2由具有中心空腔15的螺旋弹簧构成,而第二弹性部件4杆状地构成并设置在空腔15里面。端部的连接部件5;6同样与纵轴线3同轴地设置并指向弹性部件2;4地分别具有一个与纵轴线3同轴的具有外螺纹18的螺纹体16;17。第一弹性部件2在其轴向端部21上配有安置在空腔15里面的内螺纹24,它与外螺纹18互补地构成,因此使连接部件5;6的螺纹体可以旋进第一弹性部件2。此外每个连接部件5;6包括一个与纵轴线3同轴设置的并在连接部件5;6的内端19上敞开的凹部23,使杆状结构的第二弹性部件4在其轴向端部22上可以容纳进凹部23。此外连接部件5;6在其外端20上是同轴杆状的。对于已装配的减振元件1,第二弹性部件4的端部22顶靠在与纵轴线3正交的凹部23端面25上,因此连接部件5;6在这些端面25之间具有一个距离L。这样设计这个距离L以及未变形的第一弹性部件2的长度,使得在将螺纹体16;17旋进内螺纹24时第一弹性部件2轴向伸长到所期望的长度,由此使减振元件1具有一个预应力。
在图2中示出按照本发明装置的一个实施形式,以用于稳定相邻脊椎体(未示出)的装置为例。多个梗节螺钉或梗节钩12这样固定在要被连接的梗节上,即,其中心轴线28垂直于脊柱纵轴线设置。梗节螺钉或梗节钩12上的容纳机构13与中心轴线28垂直地设置并由通道26构成。在这些通道26里面可以插进连接部件5;6的杆状外端部20(见图1),使得减振元件1在其通过螺钉27相对于梗节螺钉或梗节钩12固定之前,可以在通道26里面轴向移动。梗节螺钉或梗节钩12上的容纳机构13包括各两个平行通道26,使得在梗节螺钉或梗节钩12上除了一个减振元件1以外还可以固定例如一个杆状固定部件7。
图3示出按照本发明的减振元件1的一个实施形式,它具有一个由螺旋弹簧构成的第一弹性部件2、一个杆状结构的第二弹性部件4和两个与纵轴线3同轴设置的连接部件5;6。
图4和5示出按照本发明的减振元件1的一个实施形式,它具有一个由螺旋弹簧构成的第一弹性部件2和两个与纵轴线3同轴地与弹性部件2连接的连接部件5;6。
在图6中示出按照本发明的减振元件1的一个实施形式,它具有一个与纵轴线3正交的圆形横截面。也可以是扁圆或椭圆的横截面,它们同样可能有利于减振元件1的植入。
在图7中示出按照本发明的减振元件1的一个实施形式,它包括一个与纵轴线3同轴设置的圆柱形螺旋弹簧作为第一弹性部件2。这个第一弹性部件2具有一种螺旋线形的缝隙34并且配有一与纵轴线3同轴的、只在第一弹性部件2的一端21上敞开的空腔15。在两个轴向端部21的每一端上设置一个连接部件5;6,其中在这个实施形式中两个连接部件5;6与第一弹性部件2是一体的。第一连接部件5由具有与纵轴线3同轴的中心孔32的套筒30构成,而第二连接部件6由同样与纵轴线3同轴的连接杆构成。第二杆状连接部件6设置在第一弹性部件2的端部21上,在那里轴向封闭空腔15。在第一连接部件5里的中心孔32具有一个直径D。第二连接部件6同样是圆柱形的并且具有一个直径d,它在这里所示的减振元件1实施形式中与第一连接部件5中的中心孔32的直径D一样大小。因此例如能够将一个从属于稳定脊椎体的装置的长杆或另一减振元件1的第二杆状连接部件6插进中心孔32里面。通过定位机构31可以将这样插进中心孔32的连接杆固定,所述定位机构在这里所示的减振元件1的实施形式中由垂直于纵轴线3旋进套筒30的螺柱构成。第二弹性部件4与纵轴线3同轴地设置在第一弹性部件2的空腔15中并具有一个与第一弹性部件2上的螺旋线形缝隙34互补的螺旋线形的、可弹性变形的凸起35,它封闭第一弹性部件2上的缝隙34。此外第二弹性部件4具有一个与纵轴线3同轴的中心孔33,它具有与套筒30的中心孔32相同的直径。
图8示出按照本发明的装置38的一种实施形式,它用于稳定相邻的脊椎体37。在四个相邻的脊椎体37中各旋进一个梗节螺钉12。该装置38与纵轴线3同轴设置地分别在四个相邻的脊椎体37的最外边的脊椎体与相邻的靠中间的脊椎体37之间包括一个起到弹簧作用的部件14以及在两个相邻的靠中间的脊椎体37之间包括一个杆状长支架8。起到弹簧作用的部件14由减振元件1构成,它在其一端21上(见图7)包括一个杆状连接部件6而在另一端21上包括一个套筒30(见图7)。杆状连接部件6用来作为固定部件7,它们插进两个相对于装置38在端部的梗节螺钉12的容纳机构13里面并在那里通过由螺栓构成的固定机构29与梗节螺钉可拆卸地连接。由套筒30(见图7)构成的减振元件1的连接部件5指向四个要被稳定的脊椎体的靠中间的两个脊椎体。在两个减振元件1之间装进一个杆状的长支架8,其中这样构成长支架8,使固定部件7在两个靠中间的梗节螺钉12的容纳机构13里面由长支架8的轴向段构成。长支架8的一端通过由螺栓构成的两个靠中间的梗节螺钉12的固定机构29与装置38连接,而另一端通过其两个端部39;40插进连接部件5和第二弹性部件4(见图7)的中心孔32;33里面并在那里通过定位机构31(见图7)可拆卸地锁止。根据使用情况也可以使用其它的与纵轴线3同轴的长支架8和减振元件1的组合。代替一个长支架8也可以使用多个长支架8或者也可以通过一个或多个减振元件1上的连接部件6替换长支架8。在按照本发明的装置38的不同应用中,纵轴线3也可以是弯曲的或折弯的。
图9示出按照本发明的装置的一个实施形式,它与图8所示的实施形式的不同之处仅在于,它包括两个与纵轴线3平行的装置38,它们具有各两个轴向端部的减振元件1和各一个位于其间的长支架8。此外各自还具有五个梗节螺钉12。
Claims (32)
1.一种减振元件(1),其特征在于,
A)两个与一纵轴线(3)同轴或平行的弹性部件(2;4)和轴向端部的两个连接部件(5;6),其中
B)第一弹性部件(2)具有一弹性率F;
C)第二弹性部件(4)具有一弹性率f;和
D)所述弹性率F和f是相互不同的。
2.如权利要求1所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,所述连接部件(5;6)这样与弹性部件(2;4)拼接到一起,即,至少一个弹性部件(2;4)与连接部件(5;6)连接。
3.如权利要求1所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,至少一个连接部件(5;6)与至少一个弹性部件(2;4)是一体的。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,至少一个连接部件(5)包括一个具有与纵轴线(3)同轴的中心孔(32)的套筒(30),并且在套筒(30)上设置定位机构(31),用以锁止可插进中心孔(32)里面的连接杆。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,至少一个连接部件(5;6)是杆状的。
6.如权利要求5中的减振元件(1),其特征在于,所述套筒(30)里面的中心孔(32)具有一直径D,而且第二连接部件(6)是圆柱形的并具有一直径d。
7.如权利要求6所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,D≈d。
8.如权利要求4至7中任一项所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,所述定位机构(31)包括至少一个螺栓,它可以垂直于纵轴线(3)地旋进套筒(30)中。
9.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,所述弹性部件(2;4)与纵轴线(3)同心地设置。
10.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,至少一个弹性部件(2;4)被预紧。
11.如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,所述弹性部件(2;4)具有恒定的弹性率F;f。
12.如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,减振元件具有一种与纵轴线(3)正交的、腰子形横截面。
13.如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,一个弹性部件(4)设置为压簧。
14.如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,所述第二弹性部件(4)设置在第一弹性部件(2)内部。
15.如权利要求14所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,所述第二弹性部件(4)包括一个与纵轴线(3)同轴的中心孔(33)。
16.如权利要求1至15中任一项所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,所述第一弹性部件(2)由螺旋弹簧构成并具有一螺旋线形的缝隙(34)。
17.如权利要求16所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,所述第二弹性部件(4)包括一个与第一弹性部件(2)的螺旋线形缝隙(34)互补的、可弹性变形的凸起(35),它封闭所述缝隙(34)。
18.如权利要求1至17中任一项所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,一个弹性部件(2;4)配有一种多头的弹簧螺旋线。
19.如权利要求13至18中任一项所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,作为压簧设置的弹性部件(4)由一种聚合物制成,尤其是由聚碳酸酯氨基甲酸酯(PCU)制成。
20.如权利要求1至18中任一项所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,所述第二弹性部件(4)与一个连接部件(5;6)是一体的。
21.如权利要求4至20中任一项所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,所述套筒(30)与第一弹性部件(2)是一体的。
22.如权利要求1至21中任一项所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,所述第一弹性部件(2)与两个连接部件(5;6)是一体的。
23.如权利要求1至22中任一项所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,两个弹性常数F;f至少相差系数1.2,尤其是至少相差系数5。
24.如权利要求23所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,两个弹性常数F;f相差一个介于10至100之间的系数。
25.如权利要求1至24中任一项所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,所述第二弹性部件(4)的弹性率f在50N/mm至5000N/mm之间。
26.如权利要求25所述的减振元件(1),其特征在于,所述第二弹性部件(4)的弹性率f在100N/mm至2000N/mm之间。
27.一种用于稳定相邻脊椎体的装置,具有:
A)N个梗节螺钉(12)或梗节钩,其中N=或>3;并且
B)每个梗节螺钉(12)或每个梗节钩包括容纳机构(13),它们允许容纳各纵向的固定部件(7),
其特征在于,
C)在两个相邻的梗节螺钉(12)或梗节钩之间装有至少一个起到弹簧作用的部件(14)。
28.如权利要求27所述的装置,其特征在于,所述起到弹簧作用的部件(14)是一如权利要求1至24中任一项所述的减振元件。
29.如权利要求27或28所述的装置,其特征在于,所述梗节螺钉(12)或梗节钩包括固定机构(29),由此使固定部件(7)可拆卸地锁止在容纳机构(13)中。
30.如权利要求27至29中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,减振元件(1)的一个杆状连接部件(5;6)作为固定部件(7)可拆卸地锁止在容纳机构(13)中。
31.如权利要求30所述的装置,其特征在于,所述杆状连接部件(5;6)平行于纵轴线(3)可移动地容纳在容纳机构(13)中。
32.如权利要求27至31中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,至少一个梗节螺钉或梗节钩(12)包括容纳机构(13),它允许同时容纳两个平行的纵向固定部件(7)。
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CN100589773C (zh) * | 2005-08-24 | 2010-02-17 | 比德曼莫泰赫有限公司 | 用于脊椎手术或外伤手术的杆状植入元件以及带有这种杆状植入元件的稳定装置 |
CN101605501B (zh) * | 2006-12-21 | 2011-04-20 | Ldr医疗公司 | 脊椎支承装置 |
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