CN1642357B - 减噪头戴式耳机 - Google Patents

减噪头戴式耳机 Download PDF

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CN1642357B
CN1642357B CN200410097494.6A CN200410097494A CN1642357B CN 1642357 B CN1642357 B CN 1642357B CN 200410097494 A CN200410097494 A CN 200410097494A CN 1642357 B CN1642357 B CN 1642357B
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headphone
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CN1642357A (zh
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R·萨皮耶斯基
M·J·莫纳汉
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Bose Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1083—Reduction of ambient noise
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1008—Earpieces of the supra-aural or circum-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1058—Manufacture or assembly
    • H04R1/1075—Mountings of transducers in earphones or headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/033—Headphones for stereophonic communication

Abstract

头戴式耳机具有耳套，它具有前部开孔，相邻于环形软垫，软垫形成有对着耳套内侧的多个开孔，它声学上将耳套容积耦合到软垫容积。驱动器位于耳套的内侧，其中扩音器相邻于驱动器。有源减噪电路使驱动器和扩音器相互耦合。可包含金属丝网阻性罩和/或气团的相邻于扩音器的声负载构成和安排得减小耳套容积中的共鸣效应。

Description

减噪头戴式耳机 
本发明是申请号为00121656.2，申请日：2000.07.17，名称为“减噪头戴式耳机”的申请的分案申请。 
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及减噪头戴式耳机，本发明尤其涉及用于有源和/或无源地减小由头戴式耳机的使用者感觉到的噪声的新的设备和技术。 
背景技术
为背景技术对第5,305,387，5,208,868，5,181,252，4,989,271，4,922,542，4,644,581和4,455,675号美国专利进行引用。还对Bose有源减噪头戴式耳机进行引用，它可以从Bose有限公司买到，这通过引用结合在此。 
发明内容
本发明的一个重要的目的是提供一种改进的用于头戴式耳机的减噪。 
根据本发明，提供了一种耳套，它在离开使用者耳朵的后部是封闭的，在接近于使用者耳朵的前部是开口的。在耳套内有一个驱动器。耳套具有一个软垫，固定在前部开孔中，并且该软垫形成有容纳使用者耳朵的耳朵孔，在耳朵孔周围的环形的脊部形成有多个开孔，其中相邻的开孔典型地相互分开，其分开的程度是沿耳朵孔圆周测量到的开孔的宽度，其中每一个开口具有的径向宽度通常垂直于耳朵孔的圆周，它稍小于环形脊部的径向宽度。 
对于有源减噪，有一个扩音器，它和驱动器相邻，通过电路耦合到驱动器，该扩音器提供有源减噪，还有在扩音器和驱动器周围的声负载。声负载可以包含一个阻性网筛和/或在管子中的空气。 
附图说明
当结合附图时，从下面详细的描述，其它特点、目的和优点是显然的，这些附图是： 
图1A是实施本发明的头戴式耳机套配置的透视图，其中将图1B中所示 的根据本发明的软垫去掉了； 
图2是根据本发明的耳套装配的截面图； 
图3是耳套装配的内部的透视图，其中去掉了扩音器和阻性罩板； 
图4是示出耳套的外侧的透视图；和 
图5是实施本发明的系统的方框图。 
具体实施方式
现在，参照附图，尤其是图1A和1B，示出根据本发明的耳套装配的透视图，其中，去掉了图1B的打孔的软垫。耳套11在离开使用者耳朵的后部12是封闭的，并支持驱动器12，和非常接近的扩音器(图1A中未示)，它由阻性网筛13覆盖，该阻性网筛13典型地形成有使扩音器暴露的开孔13A，并包含声负载。电路使扩音器和驱动器12相互耦合，以提供有源减噪，并通过电缆14由驱动器12将用于转换的声频信号转换成理想的声音信号给带着它的使用者，并通过扩音器交换成减噪声频信号。 
还参照图1B，软垫15覆盖暴露的前部开孔，开孔相邻于配戴的使用者的耳朵，并且软垫15形成有耳朵孔15A，用于容纳配戴的使用者的耳朵，还有形成有多个开孔(诸如16A)的环形脊部16，围绕在耳朵孔15A的周围，通过开孔16A可以看见由泡沫材料制成的环，当装配时靠在驱动器12上。 
参照图2，示出穿过装配好的耳套的截面图。驱动器12位于耳套11中，驱动器板12A从耳套11的边缘11A朝后延伸到脊部11B，扩音器17接近于驱动器12，并由金属丝网阻性罩13覆盖。软垫15覆盖耳套11的前部开孔，并包含泡沫材料15B。 
参照图3，示出了耳套11内部的透视图，其中为了说明结构的详细的内容，去掉了软垫15、扩音器17和金属丝网阻性罩13。耳套11形成有电缆入口11C，用于容纳电缆14，电缆14用于接收声频信号，由驱动器12进行换能，并使外部电路与驱动器和扩音器相互耦合。驱动器板12A支持阻性罩固定器21A和21B，用于支持金属丝网阻性罩13。扩音器固定器22从耳套11的后壁延伸，用于支持扩音器17，并封闭空气构成声负载。驱动器板安装夹持器12B和12C提供用于将驱动器12安装到耳套11的手段，驱动器12将耳套12分为相邻于前部开孔的前部容积(典型地为大约50CC)和由耳套11的封闭端所封闭的后部容积(典型地为大约15CC)。 
参照图4，示出耳套11的后视图，该后视图示出了空气团端口11C和阻性端口11D，该阻性端口11D由金属丝覆盖。 
现在，参照附图，尤其是其中的图5，它示出一方框图，说明结合了本发明的系统的逻辑安排，它对应于图1(上述′581专利)。信号组合器30代数地将输入终端24上的信号与由扩音器放大器35提供的反馈信号组合成由耳机重放所需要的信号。信号组合器30将组合的信号提供给压缩器31，它限制高电平信号的电平。将压缩器31的输出提供给补偿器31A。 
补偿器31A包含补偿电路，用于确保开环路增益满足Nyquist稳定性标准，从而当环路闭合时，系统将不发生振荡。示出的这个系统对每个左耳和右耳各制一套。 
功率放大器32放大来自补偿器31A的信号，并为耳机驱动器12提供电压，以提供声学信号(在前面腔体中)，这和从表示为声学输入终端25的区域进入前部腔体的外部噪声信号结合，以在表示为圆环36的前部腔体中产生组合的声压信号，以提供组合的声压信号，提供该声压信号并通过扩音器17转换。扩音器放大器35放大转换信号，并将它传递给信号转换器30。 
已经描述了本发明的实施例的结构安排，下面将描述操作的原理。在有源减噪围耳式耳机中有一个问题，来自耳套共鸣，引起粗糙的声学响应，这是使用者头部的作用，使得难以电补偿。 
一种使声学响应平滑的途径是，在耳套壁周围放置阻尼材料，典型的是具有高度吸收力的泡沫材料。这种途径典型地需要泡沫材料具有足够的厚度，以提供足够的阻尼，并需要相对大容积的耳套，以容纳厚的泡沫材料。另外，具有高度吸收力的泡沫材料的阻尼是泡沫材料外形尺寸和大气条件的敏感函数，引起不协调的声学响应。 
耳套中的共鸣通过在某一个频率引起振荡，可能产生不稳定性，这典型地限制有源减噪的反馈的量。通过由金属丝网阻性罩13和/或封闭的空气声学上加载扩音器和驱动器，显著减小了共鸣，并且允许反馈环路中增加增益以及显著改进容积相对较小的耳套中有源减噪。 
通过在软垫15的环形脊部16中形成开孔，以使泡沫材料15B暴露，耳套的有效容积显著增加，以包含该容积，并提供另外的阻尼以帮助使在耳朵处的音频响应平滑，并在头戴式耳机套从头部脱下时控制稳定性(这由软垫15占用)，由此，增加无源的衰减。 
本发明具有许多的优点。套子的尺寸相对较小，但是具有相当的有效容积，它具有附加的有效容积(这是通过孔16A增加的软垫15提供的)。耳套11内部的共鸣的效应由金属丝网阻性罩13和/或封闭的空气而显著减小，由此允许有源减噪系统的环路增益显著增加。 
显然的，熟悉本技术领域的技术人员可以对这具体设备以及从它出发，以及这里揭示的技术进行各类使用和修改，而不背离本发明的原理。结果，本发明将如此构成，一般包含这里揭示的设备和技术所拥有的每一个和各个新特点和目前特点的新组合，并且仅仅由所附的权利要求的主旨和范围确定。 

Claims (6)

1.一种头戴式耳机，包含：
耳套，具有能够邻接使用者耳朵的前部开孔，
在所述耳套内部的驱动器；
在所述前部开孔外围的软垫，所述软垫形成有构成和设置得容纳使用者耳朵的耳朵孔；并且其特征在于，
所述软垫形成有围绕所述前部开孔的多个开孔，以使泡沫材料暴露，所述耳套的有效容积增加，以包含由所述软垫占用的容积。
2.如权利要求1所述的头戴式耳机，其特征在于还包含：
在所述耳套内部，相邻于所述驱动器的扩音器，和
有源减噪电路，使构成和安排得提供有源减噪的所述扩音器和所述驱动器相互耦合，
由此，具有所述多个开孔的所述软垫还构成和安排得提供附加的阻尼，以帮助使在使用者耳朵处的音频响应平滑，并且在头戴式耳机从头部脱下时，控制稳定性。
3.如权利要求2所述的头戴式耳机，其特征在于还包含：
在所述扩音器和所述驱动器周围的声负载，它构成和安排得减小所述耳套中的共鸣效应。
4.如权利要求3所述的头戴式耳机，其特征在于所述声负载包含金属丝网阻性罩。
5.如权利要求4所述的头戴式耳机，其特征在于金属丝网阻性罩形成有在所述扩音器附近的开孔。
6.如权利要求4所述的头戴式耳机，其特征在于所述金属丝网阻性罩与所述驱动器一起包围所述扩音器。
CN200410097494.6A 1999-07-15 2000-07-17 减噪头戴式耳机 Expired - Lifetime CN1642357B (zh)

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EP1075164A2 (en) 2001-02-07
CN100385997C (zh) 2008-04-30
CN1297321A (zh) 2001-05-30
EP1075164A3 (en) 2002-07-10
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