CN1650178A - Methods and apparatus for uplink macro-diversity in packet-switched cellular networks - Google Patents
Methods and apparatus for uplink macro-diversity in packet-switched cellular networks Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method and apparatus for providing uplink macro-diversity in packet-switch ed networks that allows packets and/or portions of packets, e.g., frames, to be selectively sent from an end node (200), e.g., wireless communication device or mobile terminal, over a set of multiple communication connections, e.g., physical-layer or link-layer connections, to one or more access nodes (300), e.g. base stations. Uplink macro-diversity is achieved in part through intelligent selective forwarding over multiple communication connections (40 2- 404), e.g., physical-layer channel conditions and/or higher layer policy. Th e forwarding decision executed on a rapid timescale, e.g. on a per packet basi s, to adapt to the dynamically carrying conditions of the set of communication connections (402, 404).
Description
The cross reference of related application
The application requires the U.S. Provisional Application 60/380 at " the METHODS ANDAPPARATUS FOR UPLINK MACRO-DIVERSITY INPACKET-SWITCHED CELLULAR NETWORKS THROUGHINTELLIGENT; MULTILINK-INTERFACE PACKET FORWARDING " by name that submitted on May 6th, 2002,082 and enjoy priority, here specially be introduced into as a reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates to communication system, relate in particular to the method and apparatus that those are used for the uplink macro-diversity of packet switched cellular network network.
Background technology
Be to use well-known " soft handover " mechanism to realize usually said uplink macro-diversity based on the existing cellular network technology of CDMA (CDMA).In soft handoff mechanism, user's Wireless Telecom Equipment or portable terminal are to receive on a plurality of base station transceivers that are controlled by independent control assembly in the uplink frame that transmits on link layer or medium access control (MAC) sublayer, wherein for instance, described control assembly can be radio network controller (RNC) or base station controller (BSC), in general, these parts more multidigit in the center of radio access network.The transceiver set of reception base station is forwarded to control assembly with uplink frame, and control assembly has then used technology and automatic re-send request may (ARQ) mechanism such as frame selection or soft combination in the process of trial reconstruction and the frame that correctly receives the Wireless user communications device transmission.This design mainly is to develop in the circuit-switched application of support voice and so on, and he is fit to interconnection between packet switch networking/net very much.Come concentrated message by control assembly, this reliability that will reduce network extensibility and increase control assembly needs and cost.In addition, this design also added between the base station transceiver and/or between base station transceiver and the control assembly regularly, synchronously with the stand-by period of communicating by letter aspect requirement.
These require to have brought too much restriction for the network/internetwork technology.In this nothing connection packet switching network/internet based on the network of Internet protocol (IP), the packet sequence (or stream of packets) that sends to the destination node from source node needn't be continued to use same path network/internetwork.In addition, in general, comparatively it is desirable to the dynamic perfromance of specific air-link interface technology is limited in interface itself, allow the intelligence of network layer is put preceding thus to fixing architecture edge.
The Internet protocol general introduction
The purpose of IP technology is to enable the packet switch interconnection of Heterogeneous Computing machine communication network set.The different sets that may occur in network and link-layer technologies is to provide the gateway (or router) of packet forward service to interconnect by those.Information is sent to the destination as the data block of datagram by name from information source, wherein information source and destination (or main frame) is by the fixed length Address Recognition.In fact, the Route Selection in the IP internet is connectionless, and between router, datagram is transmitted piecemeal by using the destination-address that comprises in it.Each router all uses self transmitting of inside to judge next hop.In addition, IP has also taken the Segmentation and Reassembly of long data newspaper into account, and if necessary, it also can take in the transmission via " little grouping " network.In some IP internet, main frame is relative with the difference between the router less.If do not need to distinguish, will use term " node " so here.Usually a difference that is suitable for is: any IP node newspaper that can transmit and receive data, router then can only be transmitted datagram.
Generally, main frame has only one to be connected (or interface) with the internet.When described interface is actual when being the type of point-to-point, it is unimportant that next of the datagram that sends from main frame jumped the judgement of being carried out.Usually, default route is appointed as the far-end of point-to-point link next jumping of reporting from all output datas of main frame.As an alternative, when described interface is actual when broadcasting, for example when it used a direct connection that is connected to Local Area Network to broadcast, concerning main frame, the judgement of next hop will be more complicated.In this case, contiguous set of addresses usually be associated via the direct-connected node of interface (" subnet ").Therefore, if the output data newspaper is assigned to a node (for example destination-address of interface IP address interior volume) of direct-connected subnet, so described datagram will directly send to respective nodes, otherwise must send it to a router on the direct-connected subnet, so that transmit.In general, have more than one router on described subnet, main frame can be used as next hop with different routers according to the destination-address of datagram.Yet in most of the cases, main frame will only specify a router to be directed to default router as next default hop and with all output data newspapers (just not being the datagram that is assigned to the node on the direct-connected subnet).At last, described main frame can have multiple initial address, and it has just had the more than one interface that is used to provide the internet connection like this.Each interface can have one and the corresponding relative address set of direct-link node.The output data newspaper of going to direct-link node then sends to described node via relevant interface.Other output data newspapers can be directed to specific next hop router or default router according to its destination-address in addition.Concerning router, the judgement of next jumping is substantially the same with the description of being carried out at multiple initial address main frame.Its key distinction is: router is necessary for the datagram that the datagram that is derived from router and router transmit and makes this judgement.
Interconnect between IP network via radio communication and network technology
In the IP internet, the connection between the node can be provided with radio communication and network technology by wired.Radio communication and network technology can be used for directly providing connection having between the IP node of Wireless Telecom Equipment interface, also can provide connection by non-IP radio link layer equipment, wherein said radio link layer equipment can be a WAP that serves as the bridge between WLAN and the hard wire LAN.Which kind of situation no matter occurs, channel condition, spatial relationship and other factors all can be connected with link layer physics and produce great influence, so then can make these links connect than hard-wired network more dynamically and the time change.
When before transmitting the grouping of IP datagram and so between two Wireless Telecom Equipments, be necessary to set up feasible communicating to connect.This process of setting up the radio communication connection may be through a series of possibility stages as described below.
1. in first stage that can be described as " physical layer synchronization ", equipment meeting usually detects mutually according to Physical layer mechanism and carries out synchronously with the other side, thereby allows further communication.
2. in second stage that can be described as " Physical layer inserts exchange ", equipment can exchange a series of physical layer signals or control information usually, so that can insert air link resources.After this stage, equipment can the control information of receiving-transmitting chain layer.
3. at the three phases that can be described as " link layer exchange ", equipment can exchange a series of link layer control informations usually.This for example is used for checking, mandate, registration and the foundation of the key of encryption and decryption link traffic comprising a lot of tasks.After this stage, equipment can receiving-transmitting chain layer data message.Therefore, described connection can network enabled layer and the control of high level and the exchange (for example IP datagram) of packet.
4. at the four-stage that can be described as " network layer exchange ", equipment is understood exchange network layer and high-rise control information usually.This is comprising following task, between for example address resolution, network layer permission control, net link road by and quality of service negoriation.Details according to the network/internetwork scheme, before common IP data business volume exchange is provided support, might need the exchange (especially must travel through the data business volume of more than one network hop) of the difference control portfolio in the four-stage.
It should be noted the entity (especially in third and fourth above stage) that some message exchange may directly or indirectly comprise the entity that is different from Wireless Telecom Equipment such as authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server and center on these entities.
In some cases, can be described as Physical layer connection or link layer connection with communicating to connect clearly.Though concrete attribute and difference may be along with particular communication technology and/or communication protocols and changed, the former is very loosely corresponding to the end of subordinate phase, and the latter is then corresponding to the end of phase III.Because connecting meeting usually, link layer is associated with the function of the link layer of message framing and ARQ and so on; and needn't combine closely specific Physical layer of these functions connects; therefore in some communication system, link layer connects can comprise that a plurality of Physical layers connect or running on a plurality of Physical layers connect.When connecting the transmission high layer packets by Physical layer or link layer, these groupings can be divided into one or more frames usually, and wherein each frame can comprise some additional header information.According to basic technology and/or communication protocol, these frames can be regular lengths, also can be variable-lengths.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 describes is the network chart of the example communications system that is suitable for of the present invention.
What Fig. 2 described is according to exemplary end node of the invention process.
What Fig. 3 described is according to exemplary access node of the invention process.
Fig. 4 describes be according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention when carrying out uplink macro-diversity, based on grouping and via with different access nodes between a plurality of connections and send the operation of stream of packets to another network node from an end node.
Fig. 5 describes be according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention when carrying out uplink macro-diversity, based on grouping and via with identical access node between a plurality of connections and send the operation of stream of packets to another network node from an end node.
Fig. 6 describes be according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention when carrying out uplink macro-diversity, based on frame and via with identical access node between a plurality of connections and send the operation of stream of packets to another network node from an end node.
Summary of the invention
By some wireless technology, might keep being connected with a plurality of Wireless Telecom Equipments simultaneously, can obtain the benefit on the multiple performance thus.Suppose to have a kind of a plurality of wireless technologys that communicate to connect simultaneously of supporting, Wireless Telecom Equipment can be only limited to and transmit and receive in such connection simultaneously, but also can be not limited to this.In cellular network environment, this technology can make Wireless Telecom Equipment or portable terminal and one or more base station keep communicating to connect simultaneously.In the interconnected environment, wireless IP node can keep link layer simultaneously to be connected with a plurality of WAPs or wireless access routers between IP network.Even the IP node only has independent Wireless Telecom Equipment or network interface unit (NIC) and described thus IP node and only has single IP interface, this connection is also still possible.Can develop in addition by using and support the single NIC that the while link layer is connected with internetworking with the various wireless communication the OFDM (OFDM) such as IEEE802.11b.
Invention described herein can be carried out a kind of uplink macro-diversity in the packet switched cellular network network.It allows selectively will divide into groups and/or the packet partial such as frame a plurality of communicates to connect the access node that set sends to one or more base stations and so on from the end node of Wireless Telecom Equipment or portable terminal and so on via what for example Physical layer or link layer connected.To a certain extent, this brand-new uplink macro-diversity method is to realize by the innovation mechanism that is used for the Intelligence Selection forwarding on a plurality of communicating to connect, and wherein transmits and judges the control that is subjected to end node based on multiple factor such as physical layer channel condition and/or high-rise strategy.And transmit and judge, for example divide into groups, be adapted to communicate to connect the dynamic changing condition of set thus based on each according to a fast time scale execution.
Very advantageously be that described inventive method is consistent with the example that does not have the connection networking.In addition, the present invention is particluarly suitable for using in the cellular network architecture, communicate with other nodes because end node can pass through any one in available access link and/or the access node set usually in network/internetwork, described other nodes can be other end nodes and/or application server node.The present invention can make end node divide into groups to select preferred uplink according to each that is subjected to that existing channel condition, air link resources availability and other constraint condition influences, and has realized uplink macro-diversity thus.This is extremely important when communicating to connect the time variable effect that is subjected in independence or the signal intensity of part correlation and the interference.At last, the present invention has improved communication robustness and efficient, the overall utilization of air link resources and the service quality that end node experienced.
From first aspect, what the present invention is directed to is a kind of method that is used for providing at communication network uplink macro-diversity.More precisely, method of the present invention is to keep a plurality of communicating to connect between an end node and at least two different receivers; Monitor the channel status that these communicate to connect; As the function that is subjected to the monitoring channel state, between a plurality of communicating to connect, select, so that transmit at least a portion of grouping, and use selected communication channel to transmit at least a portion of grouping; And repeat above step.
Very advantageously be, this method can be used in the multiple structure such as wireless network, so that surveillance source connects or the high-rise characteristic that connects from Physical layer connection, link layer.In addition, by using identical or different access node, and the control grouping size relevant with channel status and under the situation of not switching downlink, repeatedly switch up-link, can provide support for a plurality of communication protocols simultaneously.
From another aspect, what the present invention is directed to is a kind of equipment that is used for providing at communication network uplink macro-diversity.Especially, what here describe is such communication system, comprising an end node and at least two different receivers that communicate with end node, wherein said end node has a plurality of devices that communicate to connect that are used to keep between end node and the receiver; A device that is used for the channel status of monitor communication connection, a device that is used between communicating to connect, selecting, and the selected device that connects at least a portion that transmits grouping of use.
Other aspects of this equipment also are included as wireless connections and provide support; Be used to change the device of the grouping size relevant with being subjected to the monitoring channel state; Be used for when keeping single downlink connection, repeatedly selecting a device that communicates to connect, and the device that is used for determining packet content, packet type and/or the pairing agreement of dividing into groups.
Embodiment
What Fig. 1 described is the example communications system 100 that the present invention is suitable for, for example cellular communications networks.This example communications system 100 comprises a plurality of via the interconnective node of communication link.In example communications system 100, node can use the signal of message based on communication protocols such as IP and so on to come exchange message.For instance, can use circuit of fiber optic cables and so on and/or the communication link that wireless communication technology is come realization system 100.Example communications system 100 comprises a plurality of end nodes 134,136,144,146,154,156, and these end nodes are via a plurality of access node 130,140,150 access communication systems.For instance, end node 134,136,144,146,154,156 can be Wireless Telecom Equipment or portable terminal, and for instance, access node 130,140,150 can be wireless access routers or base station.Example communications system 100 also comprises to be provided interconnectivity or provides specific service or needed a plurality of other nodes of function.Especially, example communications system 100 comprises mobile agent node 108, for example be the movability of the end node between the access node needed mobile IP home agent node that provides support, and comprise session signaling server node 106, for example be the foundation of the communication session between the end node and the sip proxy server that maintenance provides support, also comprise application server node 104 in addition, for example be the specific application layer services needed multimedia server that provides support.
What example system 100 shown in Figure 1 was described is a network 102, this network comprises application server node 104, session signaling server node 106 and mobile agent node 108, and wherein each equipment is connected to intermediate network node 110 by corresponding network link 105,107,109 respectively.In this external network 102, intermediate network node 110 provides via network link 111 those angles from network 102 is in interconnecting of outside network node.Network link 111 links to each other with another intermediate network node 112, and this node provides other connectivities at a plurality of access nodes 130,140,150 via network link 131,141,151 respectively.
Here each access node 130,140,150 is described as respectively providing connectivity at a plurality of N end nodes (134,136), (144,146), (154,156) via corresponding access link (135,137), (145,147), (155,157).In example communications system 100, each access node 130,140,150 all is described as and uses the wireless technology of wireless access links and so on that access is provided.For the radio coverage area such as the communication cell 138,148,158 of each access node 130,140,150, it is described as a annular space here around corresponding access node.The radio coverage area 158 that also will be associated with one of them access node 150 in addition here be described as be subdivided into three by dotted line 159,159 ', 159 " expression subdivision or sectors; wherein for instance, it can be described as be at the situation of having disposed a cellular basestation in three sector strucres here.
Next will different embodiments of the invention be described based on example communications system 100.Alternative embodiment of the present invention has comprised different network topology structures, and wherein the interconnecting property between the number of network node and type, quantity of links and type and the node can be different from the described example communications system 100 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 provides the detailed illustration according to exemplary end node 200 of the invention process.With reference now to Fig. 2,, exemplary end node 200 is the detailed expressions that can be used as the equipment of any one end node in the described end node 134,136,144,146,154,156 of Fig. 1.In the embodiment of Fig. 2, end node 200 comprises primary processor 204, user's input/output interface 220, one or more wireless communication interface 230,280 and the primary memory 210 that is coupled via bus 206.Therefore, the different assemblies of end node 200 can be via bus 206 exchange messages, signal and data.In addition, the assembly 204,220,230,280,210,206 of end node 200 all is in the inside of shell 202.
Primary processor 204 is controlled by the disparate modules of routine of comprising in the primary memory 210 and so on, and the operation of its peer node 200 is controlled, thereby carries out following different signalings and the Processing tasks of discussing.The module that comprises in the primary memory 210 is carried out during then when starting or by other module invokes.When carrying out, this module can swap data, information and signal.In addition this module can also be when carrying out shared data and information.
Here each wireless communication interface 230,280 that comprises all provide a kind of intraware for end node 200 to/from the external unit of access node and so on network node sends and the mechanism of received signal.Fig. 2 has comprised a detailed illustration of first exemplary wireless communication interface 230, and this interface comprises interface processor 240, interface memory 250 and one or more receiver transmitter components 260,270.Interface processor 240 is controlled by the disparate modules of routine that interface memory 250 comprised and so on, and it is controlled the operation of wireless communication interface 230, thereby carries out following different signalings and the Processing tasks of discussing.The module that comprises in the interface memory 250 is then carried out in startup or in by other module invokes.This module can be when carrying out swap data, information and signal.In addition this module can also be when carrying out shared data and information.The module that comprises in interface processor 240 and the interface memory 250 can be via bus 206 with primary processor 204, primary memory 210 in the module that comprises and other exchange information, signal and the data of end node 200.Resemble 280 such additional wireless communication interfaces that are included in the end node and then needn't support the identical communication technology or communication protocol, can not comprise identical assembly, sub-component, module, firmware or software thus.
Fig. 2 also comprises the detailed illustration of the first exemplary receiver transmitter components 260 that first exemplary wireless communication interface 230 is comprised.The first exemplary receiver transmitter components 260 comprises a receiving circuit 262 and the transmitter circuitry 264 with corresponding transmitter antenna 268 with corresponding receiving antenna 266, so that end node 200 is coupled to other network nodes via for example radio communication channel.Resemble the 270 this accessory receiver transmitter components that are included in the wireless communication interface and then needn't support the identical communication technology or agreement, can not comprise identical assembly, sub-component, module, hardware, firmware or software thus.
According to a feature of end node of the invention process is to set up and to keep a plurality of of one or more other nodes of itself and access node and so on to communicate to connect simultaneously, and wherein each connects and all can be used for sending and receiving controling and data signal of message and so on.In certain embodiments, this ability is to be provided by the single wireless communication interface that comprises single receiver transmitter components, other embodiment also can use the one or more wireless communication interfaces that have one or more receiver transmitter components separately, in certain embodiments of the present invention, wireless communication interface comprises a plurality of base band transceivers.
In the embodiment of Fig. 2 of the present invention, the primary memory 210 of end node 200 comprises that the operation with peer node 200 controls the operating system module 212 of needed corresponding operating system data 213, has for the provide support upper layer protocol module 214 and having of needed corresponding upper-layer protocol data 215 of the movability of end node 200 or other characteristics and carry out the application module 216 of the respective application data 217 that some required by task wants.These modules and data are intended to represent typical end node computing system, and have comprised these modules and data here, so that simplify the subsequent descriptions about the present invention and operation thereof.
The interface memory 250 of first wireless communication interface 230 has comprised the module and the data that can be used to realize different aspect of the present invention.Especially, the interface memory 250 of Fig. 2 embodiment comprises connection control/monitor module 252, uplink macro-diversity control module 254, grouping big or small control module 256, upper-layer protocol proxy module 258 and wireless communication interface data 251.
Connecting control/monitor module 252 controls those wireless communication interfaces 230 that are associated with communicating to connect of foundation and maintenance access link and so on and/or the operation of end node 200.Especially, connect control/monitor module 252 to those with the detection of the available access node of base station and so on and whether set up, keep or disconnect processing and the signaling that the judgement that communicates to connect of access link and so on is associated and control.In certain embodiments, connect configurable parameter collection of control/monitor module 252 uses and monitor, evaluate and more available access node and communicating to connect, wherein said parameter can be including, but not limited to pilot power, pilot power average duration, needed and/or influence between the sector and/or the end node emissive power of the minimum of presence of intercell interference.Connect control/monitor module 252 and keep communicating to connect of one or more access link and so on one or more access nodes usually, wherein these connections are to provide necessary with respect to the enough adaptability of dynamic channel state for the reliable access at network.As time goes by, connect 252 foundation of control/monitor module, maintenance or disconnection and communicate to connect, thereby keep a suitable set of alternative uplinks.In general, number and/or the frequency that end node 200 and access node can restricted migrations.The number that communicates to connect simultaneously can be obeyed hardware, software and the restriction of other embodiments of wireless communication interface 230 and/or end node 200.In certain embodiments of the present invention, connect control/monitor module 252 access to wireless communication interface data 251, so as to preserve, retrieval and/or revise configuration information, for example about the parameter and the operation information of the current state of different communication connection.
In order to describe the present invention, here two-way communication can be connected and be considered as comprising two one-way communications and connect, wherein the ability in the portfolio of any one direction transmit frame or grouping and so on changes as the function of time.Distinguished if desired or be of value to explanation the present invention, we can be called " up-link " to the connection of access node with end node, and the connection on from access node to the end node direction then is called " downlink ".
When end node 200 and one or more access nodes have such as access link a plurality of whiles, uplink communication was connected the time, uplink macro-diversity control module 254 can be controlled the operation of being carried out by wireless communication interface 230 and/or end node 200 and be associated with selective forwarding from the signal of message of end node 200 and so on.Especially, 254 pairs of uplink macro-diversity control modules selection from the available communication articulation set that connects control/monitor module 252 and keep and the monitor specific uplink that is used to send grouping such as frame and/or packet partial communicates to connect related processing and controls.Concerning the specific uplink of carrying out transmission communicates to connect, for its selection of carrying out is handled or is judged that based on one or more factors these factors can be that content and/or size, the respective protocol that is associated with grouping, packet type, corresponding access node and/or the high level of physical layer channel state, link layer characteristic, grouping and/or a grouping part is tactful.In certain embodiments of the present invention, 254 pairs of wireless communication interface data 251 of uplink macro-diversity control module conduct interviews, so as to preserve, retrieval and/or revise configuration information, for example parameter and the operation information of the current state that connects about different communication.
256 pairs of the big or small control modules of dividing into groups are carried out by wireless communication interface 230 and/or end node 200 and the big or small adaptive operation that is associated that is connected the grouping of transmission with available communication is controlled.Especially, for instance, the big or small control module 256 of dividing into groups monitors and/or the dynamic Physical layer of report and/or the state of link layer according to connecting control/monitor module 252, those is controlled with grouping adaptive processing that is associated of size and signaling.The judgement that the grouping size that is used to transmit is made is based on one or more factors, for example physical layer channel state, link layer characteristic, packet content, the respective communication agreement that is associated with grouping, packet type and/or high-rise strategy.In certain embodiments of the present invention, divide into groups that big or small control module 256 is used the packet segmentation mechanism of IP segmentations and so on and dynamically control and adjust the grouping size before transmitting.In alternative embodiment, the big or small control module 256 of dividing into groups can dynamically be informed that preferred packet size send with signal and be used (for example application module 216) or operating system (for example operating system module 212), so, described transmission application or operating system can be adjusted the grouping size as required and avoid carrying out segmentation.In certain embodiments of the present invention, 256 pairs of wireless communication interface data 251 of the big or small control module of dividing into groups conduct interviews, so as to preserve, retrieval and/or revise configuration information, for example parameter and the operation information of the current state that connects about different communication.
Upper-layer protocol proxy module 258 carries out, also can make to a certain extent the selective forwarding of uplink macro-diversity to control based on the operation of packet content and/or size, the respective communication agreement that is associated with grouping, packet type, corresponding access node and/or high-rise strategy those by wireless communication interface 230 and/or end node 200.Especially, upper-layer protocol proxy module 258 is to those and have influence on higher layer conditions that selective forwarding judges and/or strategy and judge that the processing and the signaling that are associated control.For example, concerning the specific upper-layer protocol that the upper layer protocol module 214 that comprises from primary memory 210 is informed, it may need to connect to come to its information channeling conduct through specific communications, or, be not suitable for the performed Dynamic Selection forwarding of uplink macro-diversity control module 254 thus with its information guide to one specific access node.For instance, in certain embodiments, upper layer protocol module 214 can directly be informed uplink macro-diversity control module 254 with its requirement by application programming interface (API).As selection, upper layer protocol module 214 also can require directly to inform the upper-layer protocol proxy module 258 that wireless communication interface 230 is comprised with it by existing communication protocol, signal and/or message.This method has in the variation of implementing when of the present invention the protocol module that be pre-existing in included with respect to primary memory 210 and reduces to minimum advantage.In another alternative embodiment, upper-layer protocol proxy module 258 can intercept the signal of message that upper layer protocol module 214 sends and so on transparent mode, so that determine needed information.This processing has the benefit that needn't change the protocol module that is pre-existing in the primary memory 210 when enforcement is of the present invention.In certain embodiments of the present invention; 258 pairs of wireless communication interface data 251 of upper-layer protocol proxy module conduct interviews, so as to preserve, retrieval and/or revise configuration information, for example parameter and the operation information of the current state that connects about different communication.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, some or all module 252,254,256,258 and data 251 all are as a supplement or replace and be comprised in the primary memory 210.When end node 200 comprised the function that more than one wireless communication interface and particular module provided be supported by the different wireless communication interface communicate to connect running in, to comprise one in primary memory 210 will be very useful such as uplink macro-diversity control module 254 such modules.And, do not comprise among the embodiment of interface processor and/or interface memory that at wireless communication interface some or all module 252,254,256,258 and data 251 also can be included in the primary memory 210 as selecting.
Fig. 3 provides the detailed illustration according to exemplary access node 300 of the invention process.The exemplary access node 300 that Fig. 3 describes is the detailed expressions that can be used as the equipment of any one node in the described access node 130,140,150 of Fig. 1.In the embodiments of figure 3, access node 300 comprises primary processor 304, network/internetwork interface 320, one or more wireless communication interface 330,340,350 and primary memory 310, and wherein these equipment are coupled by bus 306.Therefore, the different assemblies of access node 300 can come exchange message, signal and data via bus 306.In addition, the assembly 304,320,330,340,350,306 of access node 300 all is in the inside of shell 302.
Network/internetwork interface 320 provide a kind of intraware for access node 300 to/from external unit with network node sends and the mechanism of received signal.Network/internetwork interface 320 comprises receiver circuit 322 and transmitter circuitry 324, so that via for example copper cash, fibre circuit or Radio Link node 300 is coupled to other network nodes.
Here each wireless communication interface 330,340,350 that comprises all provide a kind of intraware for access node 300 to/from the external unit such as end node with network node sends and the mechanism of received signal.For example, each wireless communication interface 330,340,350 has comprised a receiver circuit 332,342,352 respectively, these receiver circuits then have corresponding receiving antenna 336,346,356 respectively, these wireless communication interfaces have also comprised transmitter circuitry 334,344,354 respectively in addition, and these transmitter circuitrys have corresponding emitting antenna 338,348,358 respectively, via for example radio communication channel access node 300 are coupled to other network nodes thus.
Primary processor 304 is controlled by the disparate modules of routine of comprising in the primary memory 310 and so on, and it is controlled the operation of access node 300, so that carry out different signaling described below and Processing tasks.The module that comprises in the primary memory 310 is to carry out when starting or in by other module invokes.These modules can be when carrying out swap data, information and signal.In addition these modules can also be when carrying out shared data and information.
In the embodiments of figure 3, the primary memory 310 of access node 300 comprises the operating system module 312 with the needed corresponding operating system data 313 of control access node 300 executable operations, have control the grouping Routing Forward Module 314 of needed respective packets routing forwarding data 315 via the packet forward of access node 300, and have connecting at different communication via one or more wireless communication interfaces 330,340, the recombinate grouping recombination module 316 of needed respective packets recombination data 317 of 350 packet partials such as frame that receive.
What Fig. 4,5,6 described is the operation of the uplink macro-diversity of execution according to the present invention in the environment of example communications system 100.Compared to Figure 1, in essence, illustration in Fig. 4～6, and what relate to is logic aspect rather than physics aspect, therefore here an associated subset to the node in the example communications system 100 is described, will omit a lot of physical nodes and link thus, if between two entities, show signaling or packet delivery, suppose so sort signal or grouping be as required and intermediate node and/or link by these two entities of physical interconnections transmit.Illustration in Fig. 4～6 comprise application server node 104, according to two access nodes 300,300 of the invention process ' and one according to independent end node 200 of the invention process.Access node 300,300 ' then shown in end node 200 and Fig. 4～6 is respectively the reduced representation of node described in Fig. 2 and 3.
What Fig. 4～6 described is the different aspect of the uplink macro-diversity under the different situations, Fig. 4 describes be two such as access link have two access nodes and be maintained simultaneously communicate to connect the operation of grouping being carried out the uplink macro-diversity of selective forwarding.Fig. 5 describes be the identical access node of having of two access link and so on and be maintained simultaneously communicate to connect the uplink macro-diversity operation of grouping being carried out selective forwarding.Fig. 6 describes be the identical access node of having of two access link and so on and be maintained simultaneously communicate to connect the uplink macro-diversity operation of the packet partial such as frame being carried out selective forwarding.The set of the exemplary case that Fig. 4～6 are described is intended to help to describe the present invention.Other schemes that the number that exists the present invention to be suitable for is not in addition limit and network/internetwork topological structure, wherein some scheme and structure can be predicted by making up described situation.It should be noted that though Fig. 4～6 descriptions all is to have two situations about communicating to connect, the present invention is fit to those more at large and one or more access node has the situation that two or more communicate to connect.
Before describing the exclusive operating aspect of Fig. 4～6 in detail, below earlier feature and the operation that is fit to all these three accompanying drawings is described.According to the present invention, 252 pairs of signals from different access nodes of the connection control/monitor module that comprises in the end node 200 monitor, and this information can be used in combination with the information of preservation in the wireless communication interface data 251, communicate to connect so that determine whether set up, keep or disconnect.In Fig. 4,5, each accompanying drawing of 6, end node 200 be respectively combine two communicate to connect (402,404), (502,504), (602,604) are described.Supposing that end node 200 and access node 300,300 ' implemented to communicate through the aforementioned necessary stage is connected (402,404), (502,504), (602,604) necessary operations, can exchange (and can exchange high layer packets thus) thus to the link layer data message.This operation can use known technology to realize.Details how to finish described operation then is that specific wireless technology and/or communication protocol is peculiar, owing to can use known method, therefore here this is not described.Yet, for being set up, end node 200 a plurality ofly communicates to connect simultaneously, and described end node should be able to independently exchange link layer control message with a plurality of entities, and as required control information is directed to a special entity.
Suppose also here that in addition each communicates to connect (402,404), (502,504), (602,604) can both support the two-way exchange of link layer data message (for example frame) and high layer packets (for example IP datagram), but this is not all to be essential constantly at each.At any time, the dynamic factor that becomes when channel status, spatial relationship and other all might hinder the ability (will hinder the ability of exchange high layer packets thus) of the exchange link layer letter message on one or two direction.In general, Physical layer, MAC layer and link layer provide certain ability, so that do not cutting off and rebuilding under the situation about communicating to connect the dynamic perfromance that adapts to a certain degree, and continue to exist through the dynamic perfromance of this degree.
In the illustration of Fig. 4, end node 200 has and a plurality ofly communicates to connect 402,404 simultaneously, promptly have first of first access node 300 communicate to connect 402 and have second access node 300 ' second communication connect 404.Fig. 4 has also described the packet sequence 450,451,452,453,454,455,456,457,458 with sequence number i to i+8, and it is a stream of packets that sends to application server node 104 from end node 200.The dotted line that has arrow 410,412,420,422 has been described from end node 200 two possible paths of packet delivery to application server node 104.From end node 200 through first communicate to connect 402 groupings that send via first access node 300 and along first path (by arrow 410 and 412 expressions) transmit, from end node 200 through second communication connect 404 groupings that send then via second access node 300 ' and along second path (by arrow 420 and 422 expressions) transmit.
According to the present invention, the uplink macro-diversity control module 254 that end node 200 is comprised selects the specific communications of up-link and so on to connect 402,404, and send those via described connection and be derived from and connect that control/monitor module 252 keeps and each grouping that communicates to connect set of supervision.Connect the selection processing of being carried out or judge that then based on one or more factors wherein said factor can be to connect the physical layer channel state of 252 supervision of control/monitor module or report and/or the strategy of high level at the specific communications that sends.It should be noted that the preferred communication that can independently select to be used to transmit up-link and downlink here is connected, thus at any one time point, described connection can be different.According to the present invention, end node 200 can be with fast time scale communicating to connect in the set forwarding uplink portfolio selectively, so that be adapted to the dynamic perfromance of Physical layer and/or link layer.Yet, transmit be assigned to end node 200 downlink traffic normally based on access node 300,300 ' and/or the routing iinformation that the network infrastructure node was kept of mobile agent node 108 and so on and quilt is guided.Concerning those use conventional art come as downlink traffic carry out the dynamically adapting of corresponding routing iinformation or reconfigure; the stand-by period of Guan Lian Control Circulation and signaling may need to assemble for a long time with it, can exceed the markers of the dynamic perfromance of Physical layer and link layer thus usually.For this is emphasized, here used the solid line that has arrow 430 come to from application server node 104 with packet delivery to 200 of end nodes via single exemplary path be described.
The dynamic choice forwarding of carrying out for peer node 200 is described, and will be described as the paths in two paths here from the independent grouping of packet sequence 450,451,452,453,454,455,456,457,458.Especially, it is along first path that the grouping that those is had sequence number i (450), i+1 (451), i+5 (455) and i+8 (458) here is shown as, these groupings communicate to connect 402 transmissions by first and transmit via first access node 300 thus, the grouping that has sequence number i+2 (452), i+3 (453), i+4 (454), i+6 (456) and i+7 (457) then has been shown as along second path, and these groupings are by second communication connection 404 transmissions and via second access node 300 ' transmission thus.
In the illustration of Fig. 5, end node 200 has and a plurality ofly communicates to connect 502,504 simultaneously, wherein first communicate to connect 502 be connected with second communication 504 all have an independent access node 300 ', and here this node is called second access node 300 '.Fig. 5 has also described the packet sequence 550,551,552,553,554,555,556,557,558 with sequence number i to i+8, and this sequence is a part that sends to the stream of packets of application server node 104 from end node 200.What have that the dotted line of arrow 510,512,520 describes is with the possible path of packet delivery to application server node 104 from end node 200.Then have two paths in this case, grouping can from end node 200 via described path be delivered to second access node 300 ', and have only an independent path from second access node 300 ' arrival application server node 104.From end node 200 through first communicate to connect 502 groupings that send along first path (by arrow 510 expressions) be delivered to second access node 300 ', from end node 200 through second communications connect 504 groupings that send then along second path (by arrow 520 expressions) be delivered to second access node 300 '.In addition, communicating to connect 502,504 groupings that send from end node 200 through any one also is along from second access node 300 ' to the same paths of application server node 104.
According to the present invention, uplink macro-diversity control module that end node 200 is comprised 254 selects the specific communications of up-links and so on to connect 502,504, and via described connection send those be derived from connect that control/monitor module 252 keeps and supervision communicate to connect each grouping in the set.Connect the selection of being carried out at the specific communications that carry out to send and handle or judge, for example by connecting the physical layer channel state that control/monitor module 252 monitored or reported and/or the strategy of high level then based on one or more factors.The same with Fig. 4, used the solid line that has arrow 530 to come here to the single exemplary path of packet delivery to end node 200 being described from application server node 104.
In order to describe the performed dynamic selective forwarding of end node 200, here will be described as from the individual packets of packet sequence 550,551,552,553,554,555,556,557,558 along from end node 200 to second access nodes 300 ' two paths a paths.Especially, show that here the grouping that has sequence number i+5 (555) and i+8 (558) is along first path, these groupings communicate to connect 502 transmissions via first thus, the grouping that has sequence number i+6 (556) and i+7 (557) then is shown as along second path, and these groupings connect transmission on 504 at second communication thus.The grouping that has sequence number i (550), i+1 (551), i+2 (552), i+3 (553) and an i+4 (554) then is described as along from second access node 300 ' to the path of application server node 104.
In the illustration of Fig. 6, end node 200 has and a plurality ofly communicates to connect 602,604 simultaneously, wherein first communicate to connect 602 and second communication connect 604 all with single access node 300 ' link to each other, here this node is called second access node 300 '.Fig. 6 has also described the packet sequence 650,651,652,653,654,655,656,657,658 with sequence number i to i+8, and this sequence is a part that sends to the stream of packets of application server node 104 from end node 200 thus.Fig. 6 also described for from end node 200 to second access nodes 300 ' the performed subdivision of packets of transmission.Therefore, the grouping that will have sequence number i+5 (655), i+6 (656), i+7 (657) and i+8 (658) here respectively is described as two parts that are subdivided into such as frame, and wherein first part is partly used (b) mark for second with (a) mark.It should be noted that the reference number that is used for each second portion that passes through the grouping of segmenting is also by one ' symbolic representation.Selection at these two segmentations is arbitrarily, and in general, a grouping is to be subdivided into the grouping of any amount.
The dotted line that has arrow 610,612,620 has been described from end node 200 possible path of packet delivery to application server node 104.In this scheme, have two paths, grouping can from end node 200 via described path be delivered to second access node 300 ', and have only an independent path from second access node 300 ' arrival application server node 104.From end node 200 and through first communicate to connect 602 groupings that send along first path (by arrow 610 expressions) be delivered to second access node 300 ', from end node 200 and through second communication connect 604 groupings that send then along second path (by arrow 620 expressions) be delivered to second access node 300 '.In addition, be along from second access node 300 ' equally from end node 200 and through communicating to connect one of 602,604 groupings that send to the same paths (by arrow 612 expressions) of application server node 104.
According to the present invention, the uplink macro-diversity control module 254 that end node 200 is comprised is selected the set to be connected 602 in order to the specific communications of the various piece of the grouping of transmission such as frame from communicating to connect of connecting control/monitor module 252 and keep and monitor, 604, wherein said connection can be a up-link.Though in Figure 4 and 5 selective forwarding is described as at the whole group execution, for example boundaries of packets then is described as selective forwarding in Fig. 6 at packet partial and carries out, for example frame boundaries.Communicate to connect the selection processing of being carried out or judge that then based on one or more factors for example connection control/monitor module 252 monitors or the physical layer channel state of report and/or the strategy of high level at the specific uplink that is used to send.The same with Figure 4 and 5, used the solid line that has arrow 630 to describe the single exemplary path that grouping can be delivered to end node 200 from application server node 104 here.
In order to have described the performed Dynamic Selection forwarding of end node 200, here will be described as from the particular of the grouping of packet sequence 650,651,652,653,654,655,656,657,658 along from end node 200 to second access nodes 300 ' one of two paths.Especially, the packet partial that will have sequence number i+5 (b) (655 '), i+7 (a) (657), i+8 (a) (658) and i+8 (b) (558 ') here is shown as along first path, these packet partials communicate to connect 602 transmissions via first thus, those have sequence number i+5 (a) (655), i+6 (a) (656), i+6 (b) (656 ') and i+7 (b) (557 ') and then are shown as along second path, and these groupings connect 604 via second communication and send thus.In addition, the grouping that will have sequence number i (650), i+1 (651), i+2 (652), i+3 (653) and i+4 (654) here is described as along from second access node 300 ' to the path of application server node 104.
According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, before grouping route/forwarding module 314 ' follow-up forwarding of execution, the grouping recombination module 316 of second access node 300 ' comprised ' will be to those from end node 200 and connect 602,604 packet partials that receive via different communication and recombinate.Especially, grouping recombination module 316 ' can connect grouping of reorganization the part that receives from those via different communication.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, the communication between the node is wholly or in part based on interconnecting between IP network.Therefore, the communication of data between the network node and/or control signaling can be used the IP grouping of datagram and so on.In the embodiment of the invention of using the IP grouping, described IP grouping can be passed to predetermined destination node by using unicast or multicast addressing delivery mechanism.From a node when a plurality of other nodes send identical information, use ip multicast especially favourable.
Method and apparatus of the present invention can or be used for CDMA, (OFDM) providing other dissimilar communication technologys of radio communication to be used in combination between access node and the end node.Therefore in certain embodiments, access node is that realize the base station of setting up communication link with end node as using OFDM or CDMA.In different embodiment, end node is as notebook, personal digital assistant (PDA) or has comprised receiver/transmitter circuitry and be used to implement the logical circuit of method of the present invention and/or other portable equipments of routine are realized.
Different characteristic of the present invention is realized by using module.These modules can realize by using software, hardware or the combination of software and hardware.A lot of said methods or method step can be realized by the machine-executable instruction of software of comprising in the machine readable media that uses memory devices and so on and so on, thereby control an equipment, so that realize all or part of step of said method, wherein said machine readable media can be RAM, floppy disk or the like, and described equipment can be the multi-purpose computer that is with or without additional firmware.Therefore, the invention particularly relates to a kind of machine readable media, wherein this medium has comprised machine-executable instruction, so that the equipment of processor and related hardware and so on can be carried out one or more steps of one or more said methods.
For a person skilled in the art, about description of the invention, be easy to just can recognize the multiple additional variation of foregoing invention method and apparatus according to above.These variations all are considered to be and fall in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (40)
1. the method for a running node comprises:
Between the described node receiver different, keep a plurality of communicating to connect with at least two;
Channel status on communicating to connect is monitored;
As the function of the described channel status that is monitored, between described a plurality of communicating to connect, select, so that transmit at least a portion grouping;
Use selected communication channel to transmit at least a portion grouping; And
Repeat described supervision, selection and transfer step.
2. the method for claim 1,
Wherein said communicating to connect is wireless; And
Wherein to be transmitted part all be to connect separately and be directed into an independent receiver in the described receiver via one in described the communicating to connect to each in the grouping.
3. the process of claim 1 wherein that described communicating to connect is that Physical layer connects.
4. the process of claim 1 wherein that described communicating to connect is that link layer connects.
5. the method for claim 2,
Wherein communicate to connect the packet partial that channel transmits and be to use first communication protocol to transmit, and the packet partial that wherein transmits via the second communication connecting channel is to use the second communication agreement that is different from first communication protocol to transmit via first.
6. the method for claim 5,
Wherein said first communication protocol is IEEE802.11b, and the second communication agreement is based on the communication protocol of ODFM.
7. the method for claim 2,
Wherein said selection step is performed with respect to boundaries of packets.
8. the method for claim 7, wherein said receiver is positioned at different access nodes.
9. the method for claim 7, wherein said receiver is positioned at identical access node.
10. the method for claim 2,
Wherein Fen Zu each part is included in the frame, and described selection step is performed with respect to frame boundaries.
11. the method for claim 10, wherein said receiver is positioned at different access nodes.
12. the method for claim 10, wherein said receiver are positioned at identical access contact.
13. the method for claim 12, wherein the different piece of first grouping is via the different transmission that communicates to connect.
14. the method for claim 13 also comprises:
Described access node is operated, so that first different piece of dividing into groups that combination transmits via the different communication channel, thereby recombinate described first grouping; And
Described access node is operated, so that described first grouping through reorganization is sent to another node.
15. the method for claim 14, wherein said access node is the base station.
16. the method for claim 1 also comprises the step of controlling described grouping size as the function of the channel status that records.
17. the method for claim 16 is further comprising the steps of:
Be divided into littler grouping by the grouping that will will transmit and control the transmission block length.
18. the method for claim 16 is further comprising the steps of:
By informing that described source of packets produces the grouping of different sizes, control transmitting block length thus.
19. the method for claim 1,
Wherein said node is a mobile node; And
Wherein said selection step is to carry out under the situation that the mobile node that is independent of between the access node switches.
20. the process of claim 1 wherein by repeatedly carrying out described selection, cause keeping repeatedly changing in period of single downlink described node communicating to connect as up-link with described node.
21. the process of claim 1 wherein that described selection carries out according to the physical layer channel state.
22. the process of claim 1 wherein that described selection carries out according to the link layer channel status.
23. the process of claim 1 wherein that described selection is to be performed according to the layer characteristic that is different from physical layer characteristic or link layer characteristic.
24. the process of claim 1 wherein that described selection further is performed as at least one function in packet content, grouping size, packet type, high-rise strategy and the pairing communication protocol of dividing into groups.
25. the method for claim 24,
Wherein said selection is included in selects same communication link to fetch the packet partial of transmission corresponding to special communication protocol in the period; And
Wherein said selection is selected different communicating to connect among being included in the different piece of described period, so as to transmit at least some not with the corresponding packet partial of described special communication protocol.
26. a communication means that is used in the communication network, this method comprises:
Communication facilities is operated, described communication facilities is coupled to the quality that communicates to connect of at least one other communications network components so that monitor at least one;
Described first communication facilities is operated, so that dynamically change via the described block length that communicates to connect transmission, communicate to connect the decline of quality and reduce length in response to detected thus via the grouping of described link, and in response to the improvement of the quality that communicates to connect of the described grouping of detected transmission and improve length via the grouping of described link.
27. the communication means of claim 26, wherein block length changes between minimum of selecting in advance and maximum packet.
28. the communication means of claim 27, wherein said communication facilities is a portable terminal, described another communication facilities is the base station, and wherein said communicating to connect is a link in a plurality of Radio Links that keep simultaneously between described portable terminal and at least one described base station.
29. the communication means of claim 28 also comprises:
As the function of the detected single quality that communicates to connect, between described a plurality of communicating to connect, select, so that transmit the packet partial of using corresponding to first; And
As the function of described selection operation and between described communicating to connect, switch back and forth, so that transmit the packet partial of using corresponding to described first, wherein being transmitted part with described first each that use corresponding grouping all is transmitting independent a connection in described communicating to connect, each of grouping is transmitted part and is included in the frame, and described switching is then carried out on frame boundaries.
30. the method for claim 29 wherein is identified as between the communicating to connect that the grouping of mobile IP grouping do not keep at the same time and switches, and at least some other meeting in groups is switched between communicating to connect.
31. the communication means of claim 30, wherein said a plurality of keep simultaneously communicate to connect with same base together.
32. a communication system comprises:
An end node comprises:
Be used between end node and at least two different receivers, keeping a plurality of devices that communicate to connect;
Be used for device that the channel status on communicating to connect is monitored;
As the described function that is subjected to the monitoring channel state, be used for the device of between a plurality of communicating to connect, selecting; And
Use selected communication link to fetch the device that is sent to few part grouping; And at least two different receivers.
33. the system of claim 32, wherein said communicating to connect is wireless connections.
34. the system of claim 32, wherein said selecting arrangement also comprises the device that is used to select boundaries of packets.
35. the system of claim 32 also comprises one or more access nodes that have one or more receivers separately.
36. the system of claim 32, wherein said end node also comprises:
As the function that is subjected to the monitoring channel state, be used to control the device of grouping size.
37. the system of claim 32, wherein said end node also comprises:
Repeatedly select the device that communicates to connect when being used for keeping at the same time single downlink.
38. the system of claim 32, wherein said end node also comprises:
Be used for determining at least one device of the following: packet content, packet type, grouping size and grouping corresponding protocols.
39. the system of claim 32, wherein said end node also comprises:
Be used to change the device of block length.
40. the system of claim 38, wherein said selecting arrangement is determined one or more the communicating to connect of selection based at least one selected criterion.
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| US8553611B2 (en) | 2004-01-30 | 2013-10-08 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Systems and methods for multi-access point transmission of data using a plurality of access points |
| US20070066232A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 | 2007-03-22 | Black Peter J | Pilot grouping and route protocols in multi-carrier communication systems |
| US8150408B2 (en) | 2005-03-08 | 2012-04-03 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Pilot grouping and set management in multi-carrier communication systems |
| US8982778B2 (en) | 2005-09-19 | 2015-03-17 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Packet routing in a wireless communications environment |
| US20070097877A1 (en) * | 2005-11-02 | 2007-05-03 | Hoekstra G J | Distributing information over parallel network interfaces |
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| FI103446B (en) * | 1997-09-10 | 1999-06-30 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | Procedure for realizing macro diversity |
| US6542490B1 (en) * | 1999-01-29 | 2003-04-01 | Nortel Networks Limited | Data link control proctocol for 3G wireless system |
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| US6804530B2 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2004-10-12 | Nortel Networks Limited | Method and apparatus for detection of forward and reverse DTX mode of operation detection in CDMA systems |
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| US20030043773A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-06 | Hyokang Chang | Multilink wireless access scheme for multiband operation in wireless mobile networks |
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- 2003-05-05 EP EP03750062A patent/EP1502122A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-05-05 AU AU2003232056A patent/AU2003232056A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-05 CN CN038101718A patent/CN100406900C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-05 CA CA002524695A patent/CA2524695A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-05 WO PCT/US2003/013996 patent/WO2003096657A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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| US8588777B2 (en) | 1998-09-22 | 2013-11-19 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for robust handoff in wireless communication systems |
| US8886180B2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2014-11-11 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Enhanced techniques for using core based nodes for state transfer |
| US7962142B2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2011-06-14 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for the utilization of core based nodes for state transfer |
| US8509799B2 (en) | 2005-09-19 | 2013-08-13 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Provision of QoS treatment based upon multiple requests |
| US8982835B2 (en) | 2005-09-19 | 2015-03-17 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Provision of a move indication to a resource requester |
| US9066344B2 (en) | 2005-09-19 | 2015-06-23 | Qualcomm Incorporated | State synchronization of access routers |
| CN101341684B (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2013-06-05 | 高通股份有限公司 | Communications methods and apparatus using physical attachment point identifiers wich support dual communications links |
| US8983468B2 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2015-03-17 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Communications methods and apparatus using physical attachment point identifiers |
| US9736752B2 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2017-08-15 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Communications methods and apparatus using physical attachment point identifiers which support dual communications links |
| US9155008B2 (en) | 2007-03-26 | 2015-10-06 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Apparatus and method of performing a handoff in a communication network |
| US8830818B2 (en) | 2007-06-07 | 2014-09-09 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Forward handover under radio link failure |
| US9094173B2 (en) | 2007-06-25 | 2015-07-28 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Recovery from handoff error due to false detection of handoff completion signal at access terminal |
| US8615241B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2013-12-24 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for facilitating robust forward handover in long term evolution (LTE) communication systems |
| US9131410B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2015-09-08 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for facilitating robust forward handover in long term evolution (LTE) communication systems |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2003232056A8 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
| EP1502122A4 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
| EP1502122A2 (en) | 2005-02-02 |
| AU2003232056A1 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
| WO2003096657A2 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
| CN100406900C (en) | 2008-07-30 |
| WO2003096657A3 (en) | 2003-12-24 |
| CA2524695A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
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