CN1662295A - 使空心纤维隔膜模块的完整性损失的影响减至最小的方法 - Google Patents

使空心纤维隔膜模块的完整性损失的影响减至最小的方法 Download PDF

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CN1662295A
CN1662295A CN038141205A CN03814120A CN1662295A CN 1662295 A CN1662295 A CN 1662295A CN 038141205 A CN038141205 A CN 038141205A CN 03814120 A CN03814120 A CN 03814120A CN 1662295 A CN1662295 A CN 1662295A
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CN100503018C (zh
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托马斯·W·贝克
沃伦·T·约翰逊
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Evoqua Water Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
    • B01D63/022—Encapsulating hollow fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/10—Testing of membranes or membrane apparatus; Detecting or repairing leaks
    • B01D65/104—Detection of leaks in membrane apparatus or modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes

Abstract

一种用于降低在空心纤维隔膜模块中完整性损失的影响的方法和装置，所述模块包括多个空心纤维隔膜(5)，隔膜(5)的至少一端支承在罐(6)中，该方法包括增加液体在罐(6)区域中通过纤维隔膜(5)的管腔(8)的流阻的步骤。

Description

使空心纤维隔膜模块的完整性损失的影响 减至最小的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及隔膜过滤系统，尤其是涉及一种使用多个多孔空心纤维隔膜的系统，其中，隔膜完整性的损失可能导致降低过滤性能。
背景技术
考虑如图1所示的普通空心纤维隔膜模块。模块包括多个空心纤维隔膜5，这些空心纤维隔膜5至少在一端处封装在长度为L的罐6内。为了计算来自各纤维的流量，认为TMP(可透性膜压P1-P2)作用在阻力为R的整个模块，以便产生流量Q：
TMP/RαQ(在恒定温度下)
在该普通模型中，我们将阻力分成：
R＝Rm+Rpot
和QiαTMP/(Rm+Rpot)
其中，Qi是从完整纤维顶部出现的流量，Rm是模块阻力，Rpot是横跨罐的阻力。
我们假定Rm是常数-一种平均值-不过它将沿纤维的长度而变化。
现在假定纤维在罐顶断裂(滤液经过旁路的最坏情况)。这时：
Rm＝0
和QbαTMP/Rpot
其中，Qb是从破裂纤维顶部出现的滤液流量。
沿破裂纤维的流量与沿完整纤维的流量的比例计算如下：
Qb/Qi＝(Rm+Rpot)/Rpot
     ＝1+Rm/Rpot
在正常情况下，Rm＞＞Rpot-通常20。因此可以知道，断裂的纤维允许有大量供给，从而污染滤液，并因此降低了过滤性能。此外，增加纤维内径通常由于RpotαL/d4而使得问题变得更严重，其中，d是管腔直径，而L是罐的长度。
因此，希望降低来自断裂纤维的滤液流量。假定我们增加Rpot(例如通过增加L或降低d)。Qb/Qi的极限值趋向1。这是最希望的结果。但是增加罐的长度在其它方面不合适-它增加了模块的长度以及模块和处理的费用。其它选择是降低罐中的纤维的内径。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服或至少改善现有技术的、关于空心纤维隔膜过滤系统的完整性损失的问题，或者至少提供一种有用的可选方式。
根据一个方面，本发明提供了一种降低在空心纤维隔膜模块中完整性损失的影响的方法，所述模块包括多个空心纤维隔膜，所述纤维隔膜的至少一端支承在罐中，该方法包括增加液体在罐区域中通过纤维隔膜管腔的流阻的步骤。
优选是，增加流阻的步骤通过在罐区域中减小纤维管腔的内部截面面积而产生。优选是，增加流阻的步骤通过在罐区域中在纤维管腔的流动通路中布置一多孔层而产生。
根据第二方面，本发明提供了一种空心纤维隔膜模块，它包括多个空心纤维隔膜，这些空心纤维隔膜至少在一端支承在罐中，且在所述罐区域中在所述纤维隔膜的管腔中有流动限制装置。
优选是，流动限制装置包括用于减小在罐区域中的纤维管腔的内部截面面积的装置。
附图说明
下面将参考附图介绍只作为实例的本发明优选实施例，附图中：
图1是具有完整和断裂纤维的普通空心纤维隔膜模块的示意剖视图；
图2是类似于图1的视图，其中，多孔层加在罐表面上；
图3A至3K表示了本发明的各个实施例的放大示意剖视图；以及
图4表示了在两个模块上进行测试的结果。
具体实施方式
参考图2，图中表示了本发明的一个优选实施例。烧结物或多孔层10布置在罐6的顶部，以便向罐提供另外的串联阻力Rpot2，即：
Rpot＝Rpot1+Rpot2
合适的烧结物10可以有微米级尺寸的开口，且只有几毫米厚。该方法可以使Qb/Qi减小10倍
当用于生物反应器的隔膜过滤器系统时，该结构提供了附加优点。在生物反应器中的高固体供给量导致淤泥基本上堵塞过滤器，并完全自密封破裂的纤维。
通过用孔尺寸与空心纤维隔膜相同的隔膜代替烧结物，可以扩展至普通情况，且即使在低固体供给量时也能够实现该自堵塞能力。
显然，烧结物或隔膜10的额外阻力将需要额外的压力来保持模块滤液流量，不过，这只是工作成本，不是隔膜处理工作效率，因为它在罐组件上工作，而不是横过隔膜上的可压缩污物层。
通过用氯或其它合适清洁剂来进行定期的化学清洁回洗，可以减小该隔膜烧结物的淤塞。
优选是，隔膜/烧结物10与罐6紧密接触，以便防止滤液的旁路流/旁路供给。这也可以通过可更换的烧结物/隔膜元件而实现。
优选是，很不对称的隔膜10具有与罐6接触的较大孔侧(因此，在正常滤液流中，滤液沿孔径减小的方向流动)。
如图3B-3K所示，各种方法可以用于增加罐的流阻。
参考图3A，图中表示了没有改变的正常罐6。图3B表示了增加长度的罐6，该罐在增加罐流阻的同时有其它缺点。
图3C表示了使纤维5在纤维5和罐6之间的交界面8附近有无孔涂层7。这用于增加罐流阻，同时还使纤维的失效点离开纤维-罐交界面。
图3D和3E表示了通过使用在由罐6包围的区域中施加在纤维管腔8的一部分内表面11或整个内表面11上的一层材料9来减小纤维管腔8的内径，从而减小流量的另一方法。
提供这样一层材料9的一种方法是在罐6端部附近将一薄层材料涂覆在管腔8的内部，该层材料有效减小了纤维管腔8在该点的直径。这可以这样实现，即通过将材料例如环氧树脂吸入纤维管腔8的端部，然后使它在凝固之前再次流出，从而在纤维管腔内壁12上留下薄涂层9，然后，该薄涂层可以经过一定时间进行凝固。
图3F中所示的实施例表示了采用一种适当的灌浆材料13涂抹在该罐的表面，以便减小该罐6的开口14的附近的纤维管腔8的直径。
图3G表示了将空心环状物15例如空心销插入在罐6区域中的纤维管腔8的端部内，以便减小在罐6区域中的管腔8截面面积。
图3H表示了使用横过管腔开口14的一层多孔材料10，与图2的实施例中所示相同。
图3I表示了将多孔材料压入管腔开口14中以便形成塞子16的实施例。这可以通过将多孔灰浆横过纤维管腔开口14涂抹在该纤维管腔开口14中而实现。这也可用于降低在罐6区域中的纤维管腔的流阻。
图3J表示了本发明的实施例，其中，通过封装材料使纤维端部膨胀或收缩而使得罐6区域内的纤维管腔8变窄。
图3K表示了纤维管腔端部在封装之前变窄的实施例。
图4表示了在两个模块上进行测试的结果，以便表示本发明的操作。两个模块A和B用于进行测试。对于各模块，封装一个空心纤维隔膜。纤维的、并不处于罐中的一端密封。不锈钢网胶粘在一个罐的顶部，以便防止在过滤过程中沿旁路供给的旁路流动，与图2和3H中所示的实施例类似。网的开口为51微米，并为56微米厚。两个模块的特征如表1所示。
表1：模块的特征
  名称 罐的长度Lp(mm) 纤维的长度Lp(mm) 其它特征
  模块A     56     202 无
  模块B     53     205 网胶粘在罐上
首先，供给的水通过模块A过滤35分钟。在该过滤过程中，测量可透性膜压(TMP)。然后，尽可能靠近罐地切割模块A的纤维，且模块A再过滤相同供给水35分钟。在该过滤过程中，测量可透性膜压(TMP)。使用相同供给水对模块B重复进行相同测试。
图4中所示的曲线图比较了在纤维切割之前和之后模块A和B在两次过滤过程中的TMP。曲线图的第一部分表示两个曲线非常相似。特别是，它表示两个模块的TMP以相同速率增加。模块的纤维以相同的速率被淤塞。由于在模块B上的网增加了很小的额外流阻，因此在两个模块之间有很小的TMP差异。曲线图的第二部分(在模块的纤维切割之后)表示了模块A和B的TMP以明显不同的方式发展。模块A的TMP保持较低和水平，而模块B的TMP急速增加，表示网被供给的污染物堵塞。
就完整性损失影响的减小而言，该试验清楚地表示了网的效果。由于将网加在模块上，切割的纤维将快速自己密封，从而防止供给物污染滤液。
本领域技术人员应当知道，多种技术可以用于在罐区域中减小纤维管腔内的流量，且这些技术在本发明的范围内。还应当知道，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，还可以有实现本发明的实施例。

Claims (15)

1.一种降低在空心纤维隔膜模块中完整性损失的影响的方法，所述模块包括多个空心纤维隔膜，所述纤维隔膜的至少一端支承在罐中，该方法包括增加液体在罐区域中经过纤维隔膜管腔的流阻的步骤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中：增加流阻的步骤通过减小在罐区域中的纤维管腔的内部截面面积而产生。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中：增加流阻的步骤通过在罐区域中在纤维管腔的流动通路中布置多孔层而产生。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中：减小纤维管腔的内部截面面积通过在罐区域中在纤维管腔的部分内表面或整个内表面上施加涂层而实现。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中：减小纤维管腔的内部截面面积通过用灌浆材料在纤维管腔区域中涂抹罐的表面而实现。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中：减小纤维管腔的内部截面面积通过在罐区域中将空心环状物插入纤维管腔内而实现。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中：减小纤维管腔的内部截面面积通过在罐区域中使纤维管腔端部收缩而实现。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中：所述收缩通过使得用于形成罐的材料膨胀而实现。
9.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中：减小纤维管腔的内部截面面积通过在罐区域中用多孔材料插入纤维管腔端部而实现。
10.一种空心纤维隔膜模块，它包括多个空心纤维隔膜，这些空心纤维隔膜至少在一端支承在罐中，且在所述罐区域中在所述纤维隔膜的管腔中有流动限制装置。
11.根据权利要求10所述的空心纤维隔膜模块，其中：流动限制装置包括用于减小在罐区域中的纤维管腔的内部截面面积的装置。
12.根据权利要求10所述的空心纤维隔膜模块，其中：流动限制装置包括在罐区域中在纤维管腔的流动通路内的多孔层。
13.根据权利要求10所述的空心纤维隔膜模块，其中：流动限制装置包括在罐区域中施加在纤维管腔的部分内表面或整个内表面上的涂层。
14.根据权利要求10所述的空心纤维隔膜模块，其中：流动限制装置包括在纤维管腔区域中涂抹在罐的表面上的灌浆材料。
15.根据权利要求10所述的空心纤维隔膜模块，其中：流动限制装置包括在罐区域中插入纤维管腔内的空心环状物。
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US8182687B2 (en) 2012-05-22
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AU2003232518A1 (en) 2003-12-31
US20080179249A1 (en) 2008-07-31
ATE477044T1 (de) 2010-08-15
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US20050145556A1 (en) 2005-07-07
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US7160463B2 (en) 2007-01-09
CA2488895A1 (en) 2003-12-24
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