CN1666888B - 光学可变防伪图样 - Google Patents
光学可变防伪图样 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1666888B CN1666888B CN2005100095286A CN200510009528A CN1666888B CN 1666888 B CN1666888 B CN 1666888B CN 2005100095286 A CN2005100095286 A CN 2005100095286A CN 200510009528 A CN200510009528 A CN 200510009528A CN 1666888 B CN1666888 B CN 1666888B
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Abstract
一种防伪制品,包括:光透射基片,具有第一表面和对侧的第二表面,其中第一表面具有光学干涉图案例如全息影像图案或光学衍射图案。在该基片上形成色移光学涂层,例如在干涉图案或在基片的对侧的第二表面上形成,该光学涂层随着入射光角度或观察角的改变提供可观察到的色移。可以采用各种方法来形成防伪制品,例如真空涂布方法、层压、激光划线以及激光成像。防伪制品可以通过各种粘合机理固定在各种物体上,例如压敏粘合剂或火印方法,以提供更好的防伪措施。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请是2000年1月21日提交的、题为“光学可变防伪图样”的美国专利申请09/489,250的分案申请,该母案申请在此作为参考引入,并且本申请要求该母案申请的优先权。
本申请与1999年7月8日提交的、题为“具有色移背景的衍射表面”的美国专利申请09/351,102有关。
本申请与2003年10月17日提交的、题为“具有衍射表面和色移背景的防伪制品”的美国专利申请10/688,357有关。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及用于制造防伪制品的薄膜光学涂层。具体的说,本发明涉及制造衍射表面,例如可在各种应用中用作防伪制品的、具有色移或光学可变背景的全息图或光栅。
背景技术
色移颜料和着色剂已经在许多方面获得应用,其范围从汽车漆延伸到用于防伪单据和货币的防伪油墨。这种颜料和着色剂具有在入射光角度改变或观察者的观察角移动时能改变颜色的性质。用于获得这种色移着色剂的主要方法是将薄片分散在介质例如漆或油墨中,然后将该介质施加在物体的表面上,其中所述薄片一般由具有特定光学性质的多层薄膜构成。
衍射图案和凸起以及相关的全息领域由于它们的美学和实用的视觉效果而获得广泛的应用。一种非常理想的装饰效果是因衍射光栅而产生的彩虹色视觉效果。当环境光从自衍射光栅反射而衍射成为它的彩色成分时,就产生了惊人的视觉效果。通常衍射光栅主要是由材料中的线或槽而制成的重复结构,来形成峰和谷的结构。当衍射光栅在反射表面上具有每毫米几百至几千线范围内有规律间隔开的沟槽时,就产生了可见光谱中理想的光学效果。
衍射光栅技术已经被用来形成会使观察者产生三维影像幻觉的二维全息图案。三维全息也已经根据聚合物中折射率的差异而使用包括反射光束和物体光束的交叉激光束来进行研制。这种全息称之为体积全息或3D全息。另外,在各种物品上使用全息图案来打击伪冒已经得到广泛的应用。
目前压花有全息图案的表面具有几种应用,其范围从装饰包装例如礼品包装直至防伪单据例如钞票和信用卡。二维全息图案一般采用在塑料表面上形成的衍射图案。在某些情况下,已经在这种表面上压花的全息影像不需进一步处理即可看见;但是为了获得最佳的光学效果,通常必须在压花的表面上设置一个反射层,一般是一个薄金属层例如铝层。该反射层主要提高衍射图案突起的可见度。
第一级衍射结构、包括传统的全息和光栅影像的每种类型即使密封在刚性塑料中也具有一个主要的缺点。当采用漫射光源例如普通室内光或阴天照射全息影像时,所有的衍射级扩展并重叠,从而失去了衍射颜色,并且不能显示如在全息图中所包含那么多的视觉信息。在这种观察条件下,通常只能看见的是来自压花表面的银色反射,所有的这些图样看起来是银色或最多是淡色。因此全息影像通常需要直接镜面照明,以使之可见。这意味着为了获得最好的观察结果,照明光必须以和观察角同样的角度入射。
由于防伪全息图已经具有广泛的应用,因此对于伪造者来说,复制经常用于信用卡、钞票等的全息图案具有极大的诱惑。因此防伪全息图为了能够真正保险而必须克服的障碍是:这种全息图伪造的容易程度。一步和两步光学复制、直接机械复制并且甚至是再生已经在互联网上被广泛地讨论过。已经研究了对抗这些方法的各种措施,但是没有一种措施,单独采取是具有有效威慑力的。
复制全息图所用的方法之一是用激光扫描压花表面并将反射光束光学记录在材料层上例如可光聚合的聚合物层上。这样原始图案就被复制成为仿制品。另一种方法是通过离子刻蚀而从压花的金属表面上除去保护覆盖材料,然后当压花的表面被暴露出来时,沉积一个金属层例如银层(或其它易于脱模的层)。然后沉积镍层,该镍层随后被脱模以形成伪造的压花垫片。
由于伪造方法的技术水平完善,因此必须发展更先进的防伪措施。一种方法是如Miekka等人的US5629068以及US5672410所披露的,使用压花的金属颗粒或光学叠加薄片来制造全息影像图案。
对于大多数人来说,上述防伪全息影像的另一个问题是难以鉴别和回忆起由这种全息图制成的各影像,以进行检验。一般人能够鉴别防伪全息图的能力最终是由特征的复杂性和装饰衍射包装的混淆性而决定的。因此大多数人倾向于确认这种防伪图样的存在而不是检验真实影像。这就给劣质伪造品的使用或者说顶替真实防伪全息图的商业全息图提供了机会。
在打击伪造品的其他努力中,全息业已经采取了更复杂的影像,例如在防伪图样旋转时产生多个影像。这些改善的影像给观察者提供了高级的“闪动”或美学吸引力。不幸的是,这种增加的复杂度没有增加防伪性,因为这种复杂的影像难以交流,并且即使如果不是不可能的,这种影像也是难以回忆起的。
因此研制一种改善的防伪产品,它在各种光条件下特别是漫射光下提供更好的观察质量,并能够用于各种防伪应用,在使得伪造更加困难方面是非常有用的。
发明概述
本发明的一个首要目的是,提供一种具有色移特性的防伪制品,所述色移特性增大了各种应用中的伪造难度。
本发明的另一个目的是,提供一种具有区分图案的防伪制品,所述图案在散射光照条件下容易在较宽视角范围内观察到。
本发明的另一个目的是,提供一种具有光学干涉图案例如全息图案的防伪制品,所述图案具有增强的可视性和对比度,从而在散射光照条件下无需直接镜面光就能够观察到。
为了实现上述目的,根据此处具体地和广义地描述的本发明,提供一种防伪制品,它包括具有第一表面和对置的第二表面的光透射基片,其中第一表面上具有光干涉图案例如全息影像图案或光学衍射图案。在该基片上例如在干涉图案上或在基片相对的第二表面上形成色移光学涂层,该光学涂层随着入射光角度或观察角的改变提供可观察到的色移。可以采用各种方法来形成该防伪制品,例如真空涂布方法、有机涂层、层压、激光刻录和激光成像。在本发明不同的实施方案中,色移光学涂层可以不同。例如,该光学涂层可以是多层光学干涉膜,例如吸收层-绝缘层-反射层的三层光学叠层,或低和高折射率的折射绝缘层的交替层。另外,光学涂层可以由多个分散在聚合物介质例如色移油墨中的多层光学干涉薄片制成。
在其它实施方案中,各种防伪制品可以通过将包括色移光学涂层的预层压结构层压至压花有光学干涉图案的基片而形成,其中可供选择地把该预层压结构通过烧蚀激光成像。
在本发明的另一种方法中,色移光学涂层在主垫片上形成,以和垫片上的光学干涉图案形状相一致。载体基片层被粘在光学涂层上,并连同光学涂层一起从垫片上除去,以产生带有复制在光学涂层中的干涉图案的防伪制品。
本发明的防伪制品可以通过各种粘附机理而粘在各种物体上,例如通过压敏胶或火印方法,以提供更好的防伪措施例如防伪。该防伪制品可以以标签、标记、带、防伪线等形式来使用,用于各种物品例如防伪单据、货币、信用卡、商品等。
本发明的这些和其它方面和特点可以从以下的描述和所附的权利要求中了解得更加清楚,或者可以参考本发明下述的实践。
附图说明
为了更好的理解实现本发明上述和其它优点和目的的方式,下面参照在附图中所示的特定实施方案对本发明作详细的描述,可以理解,附图只是本发明的典型实施方案,而不是对其范围的限制,本发明将根据附图中的特殊性和细节进行描述和解释。
图1是本发明一个实施方案的防伪制品的示意图。
图2是本发明另一个实施方案的防伪制品的示意图。
图3是根据本发明再一实施方案的防伪制品示意图。
图4是根据本发明另外的实施方案的防伪制品的示意图。
图5是根据本发明再一实施方案的防伪制品示意图。
图6是本发明另一个实施方案的防伪制品的示意图。
图7是根据本发明再一实施方案的防伪制品示意图。
图8A是本发明另一个实施方案的防伪制品的示意图。
图8B是图8A的防伪制品的放大截面图。
图9是根据本发明再一实施方案的防伪制品示意图。
图10A是用于形成本发明另外实施方案的防伪制品的预层压结构的示意图。
图10B是由图10A的预层压结构形成的防伪制品的示意图。
图11是本发明另一个实施方案的防伪制品的示意图。
图12是本发明变通实施方案的防伪制品的示意图。
图13是本发明再一个实施方案的防伪制品的示意图。
图14是本发明再一个实施方案的防伪制品的示意图。
图15是用于形成本发明一个实施方案的防伪制品的火印过程示意图。
图16是用于形成本发明另一个实施方案的防伪制品的火印过程示意图。
图17A和17B是表示在本发明防伪制品的光学特性测量中使用的各种观察条件几何学图表。
图18是表示本发明防伪制品光谱曲线图。
图19是表示本发明防伪制品颜色轨迹的CIE实验室色空间图。
图20表示本发明防伪制品无光泽(off-gloss)光谱曲线图。
图21表示本发明防伪制品有光泽(on-gloss)光谱曲线图。
图22表示本发明防伪制品有光泽(on-gloss)光谱曲线图。
图23是本发明防伪制品中使用的薄膜光学叠层的显微照片。
图24A和24B是在本发明防伪制品中使用的薄膜光学叠层顶部的全息浮凸的显微照片。
发明的详细描述
本发明涉及一种具有带着色移背景的衍射表面的防伪制品,所述色移背景能产生增强的视觉效果。该防伪制品的构成是采用了例如全息或衍射光栅的光学干涉图案与色移箔或油墨的结合,从而降低了伪造的可能性。另外,本发明的制品使得使用者在散射光下可以更容易的观察到影像或衍射效果,而无需直接镜面光。
通常,本发明防伪制品的构成是采用了其表面上具有干涉图案的光透射基片与提供防伪特征的色移光学涂层的结合,从而使得物品难以仿冒和伪造。本发明结合了光学干涉效果的性能特征和衍射表面例如全息图的衍射效果。该防伪特征可以被一般人容易识别,同时仍具有复杂的光学图案,因此克服了传统全息技术的缺点。
以下详细描述的本发明的各种实施方案可以采用三种基本结构来形成。一种结构涉及用薄膜光学干涉叠层代替全息图或其他衍射表面的铝反射层。该结构将全息结构直接建立在光学干涉叠层中。在这种情况下,光学涂层是直接在压花表面上真空沉积。第二种结构将薄膜色移箔或油墨加在基片的与压花面的对侧。不论是使用箔或是油墨,干涉效果可以是基于金属-绝缘层-吸收层干涉结构的,或是全绝缘光学设计。第三种结构涉及将色移光学涂层结构层压至诸如全息图之类的衍射表面上,其中色移光学涂层可以是激光烧蚀、反射图案蚀刻或采用光刻法的化学蚀刻的数字成像。
参见附图,其中同样的结构用同一标号表示,图1表示根据本发明一个实施方案的防伪制品10。该防伪制品10包括在其外侧第一表面上具有光学干涉图案14诸如压花影像的光透射基片12。色移光学涂层16在基片12对侧的第二表面上形成,以下将详细讨论。形成防伪制品10的基片12与色移光学涂层16的结合提供了防伪特征,它降低了其上有防伪制品10的物品的复制、仿冒和/或伪造的可能性。
在光透射基片12的外侧表面上形成的光学干涉图案14可以采取常规的各种形式,包括衍射图案例如衍射光栅、折射图案、全息图案例如二维和三维全息影像、直角立方反射器、Kinegram图样、Pixelgram图样、零级衍射图案、莫阿(moiré)图案或其它基于尺寸在约0.1μm-约10μm范围内的微结构的光学干涉图案,该尺寸优选约为0.1μm-约1μm,还可以采用以上所述的各种结合,例如全息/光栅影像,或其他干涉图案。
形成光学干涉图案14的具体方法和结构是领域内一般技术人员公知的。例如可以采用非常公知的方法将光透射基片压花以在其上形成干涉图案,例如以高压将塑料膜表面与热的镍压花垫片压接触而对其进行压花。其它方法包括光刻法、将塑料膜对着有图案的表面进行模制等。
通常,使用可模制的材料来形成光透射基片12,包括例如塑料如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)特别是G型PET、聚碳酸酯、丙烯酸类例如聚丙烯酸酯包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚丙烯腈、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、纤维素二乙酸酯和纤维素三乙酸酯、聚丙烯、聚二环戊二烯、其混合物或共聚物等。在一个优选实施方案中,光透射基片12主要由透明材料例如聚碳酸酯构成。所形成的基片12的适当厚度约是3-100μm,优选的厚度约是12-25μm。另外基片12可以由单层或多层基片材料构成。通常基片12应当具有比光学涂层低的熔点或者说玻璃化转变温度,同时是透明的。
在一种方法中,基片12可以由热塑性膜构成,该热塑性膜经膜表面热软化然后将膜经过压花辊而被压花,所述压花辊在软化的表面上形成了衍射光栅或全息影像。以这种方式,就可以在有效的无限长度的片上形成有衍射光栅或全息图。或者衍射表面可以如下形成:将一卷涂有紫外(UV)固化聚合物例如PMMA的塑料膜经过一套透紫外线的辊,而使得该透紫外线的辊将衍射表面置入UV固化聚合物中,并且该聚合物经穿过该透紫外线的辊的UV线固化。
如图1所示,色移光学涂层16是多层光学干涉叠层或箔,包括吸收层18、绝缘层20和反射层22。吸收层18可以通过常用的沉积方法沉积在光透射基片12上,例如物理气相沉积(PVD)、溅射等。所形成的吸收层18的适宜厚度是约30-300埃(),优选的厚度是约50-100。
吸收层18可以由半透明材料构成,例如灰色金属包括如铬、镍、钛、钒、钴和钯,以及其它金属例如铁、钨、钼、铌、铝等。也可以采用上述金属的各种结合和其合金,例如Inconel(Ni-Cr-Fe)。在吸收层18中可以使用其它的吸收材料,包括金属化合物例如金属亚氧化物(sub oxide)、金属氟化物、金属氮化物、金属碳化物、金属磷化物、金属硒化物、金属硅化物和其结合,以及碳、锗、铁氧化物、混合在绝缘基质中的金属等。
可采用常规沉积方法在吸收层18上形成绝缘层20,例如PVD、化学气相沉积(CVD)、等离子增强的化学气相沉积(PECVD)、反应性DC射蚀、RF溅蚀等。所形成的绝缘层20具有能赋予防伪制品10以色移性能的有效光学厚度。该光学厚度是定义为ηd积的公知光学参数,其中η是层的折射率,d是层的物理厚度。以四分之一波长光学厚度(QWOT)来表示时,通常层的光学厚度等于4ηd/λ,λ为产生QWOT条件时的波长。绝缘层20的光学厚度范围可以从设计波长约为400nm时的2QWOT至设计波长约为700nm时的9QWOT,优选是在400-700nm时的2-6QWOT,这取决于所需要的色移。适合用于绝缘层20的材料包括具有“高”折射率(此处高折射率定义为大于约1.65)以及“低”折射率(此处低折射率定义为约1.65或更低)的材料。
适合用于绝缘层20的高折射率材料包括硫化锌(ZnS)、氧化锌(ZnO)、氧化锆(ZrO2)、二氧化钛(TiO2)、碳(C)、氧化铟(In2O3)、氧化铟锡(ITO)、五氧化二钽(Ta2O5)、二氧化铈(CeO2)、氧化钇(Y2O3)、氧化铕(Eu2O3)、氧化铁例如四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)和三氧化二铁(Fe2O3)、氮化铪(HfN)、碳化铪(HfC)、氧化铪(HfO)、氧化镧(La2O3)、氧化镁(MgO)、氧化钕(Nd2O3)、氧化镨(Pr6O11)、氧化钐(Sm2O3)、氧化锑(Sb2O3)、碳化硅(SiC)、氮化硅(Si3N4)、一氧化硅(SiO)、三氧化硒(Se2O3)、氧化锡(SnO2)、三氧化钨(WO3)、及其结合等。
适合用于绝缘层20的低折射率材料包括二氧化硅(SiO2)、三氧化二铝(Al2O3)、金属氟化物例如氟化镁(MgF2)、氟化铝(AlF3)、氟化铈(CeF3)、氟化镧(LaF3)、钠铝氟化物(例如Na3AlF6或Na5Al3F14)、氟化钕(NdF3)、氟化钐(SmF3)、氟化钡(BaF2)、氟化钙(CaF2)、氟化锂(LiF),其结合,或折射率约为1.65或更低的其他材料。例如可以采用有机单体和聚合物作为低折射率材料,包括二烯或烯烃例如丙烯酸酯(例如甲基丙烯酸酯)、全氟烯烃、聚四氟乙烯(Teflon)、氟化乙烯丙烯(FEP),其结合等。
可采用常规的沉积方法在绝缘层20上形成反射层22,例如通过PVD、溅射等。所形成的反射层22适合的厚度约为300-1000,优选的厚度约为500-1000。反射层22优选由不透明的高反射金属构成,例如铝、银、铜、金、铂、铌、锡,其结合或合金,这取决于所需要的颜色效果。可以理解半透明金属例如灰金属在大约350-400变成不透明的。因此金属例如铬、镍、钛、钒、钴和钯、或钴镍合金,也可以被以适当的厚度用作反射层22。
另外,反射层22可以由磁性材料例如钴镍合金构成,或由半透明材料形成,以提供用于防伪验证的机器可读性。例如机器可读信息可以置于光学涂层之下的背衬上,例如个人身份证号码(PINS)、帐户信息、来源贸易认证、相保信息等。在另一个实施方案中,反射层22可以是分割的,以用肉眼或通过使用各种光、电、磁或其他探测设备对下面的信息进行局部观看。这样允许对除反射片段所在区域之外的区域中光学涂层16之下的信息进行探测,因而增加了伪造的难度。另外,由于反射层是以受控制的方式分割的,因此控制特定信息不被读出,对仿冒或涂改提供了更高的防护。
如图1所示,防伪制品10还可以选择在反射层22上包括粘合层24,例如压敏粘合剂。该粘合层24使得防伪制品10可以容易的附着在各种物体上例如信用卡、真实性证书、银行卡、钞票、签证、护照、驾驶证、移民卡和身份证、以及容器或其他三维物体上。粘合层24可以由各种粘合材料构成,例如丙烯酸类聚合物、以及基于乙烯醋酸乙烯酯的聚合物、聚酰胺、氨基甲酸乙酯、聚异丁烯、聚丁二烯、塑化橡胶、其结合等。或者可以采用火印(其实施例将在下文详细讨论),来将防伪制品10附着在物体上。通过使用用于色移光学涂层16的吸收/绝缘/反射设计,如图1所示,获得了对人眼来说是醒目的高色饱和度可变颜色效果。因此其上带有防伪制品10的物体会因观察角的变化或物体相对于观察者眼睛的角度的变化而改变颜色。结果,颜色随观察角而改变增加了防伪制品10被仿冒和伪造的难度。另外,薄膜干涉色移涂层改变衍射颜色,根据衍射和薄膜结构的固有色移而抑制、改变或增强某种颜色。例如采用本发明的色移光学涂层16可以获得的色移,包括但不限于:金变绿、绿变品红、蓝变红、绿变银、品红变银、品红变金等。
通过光学涂层16的适当层设计,可以控制其色移性能。通过改变例如层厚度和每层的折射率等参数可以获得所需要的效果。在不同观察角或入射光角度时所看到的颜色产生变化是包括层的材料的选择性吸收以及波长依赖的干涉效果相结合的结果。在多层结构中发生了多重反射和透射的光波的叠加所产生的干涉效果是所看到的颜色在不同观察角时发生色移的原因。
图2表示根据本发明另一实施方案的防伪制品30。防伪制品30包括与上述防伪制品10类似的元件,包括其外侧第一表面上形成有光学干涉图案14的光透射基片12,以及在基片12对置的第二表面上形成的色移光学涂层36。光学涂层36是多层膜,包括吸收层18,吸收层18上的绝缘层20,以及另一个吸收层38,但是不包括反射层。该多层膜结构在Phillips等人的US5278590中披露,其全文在此引入作为参考。这种膜结构使得光学涂层36对在其表面上入射的光是透明的,因此对载体基片(未显示)上的光学涂层36之下的信息提供了肉眼鉴别性或机器可读性。如果希望将防伪制品30附着在物体的适当表面上,可以任选在吸收层38上形成粘合层24,例如压敏粘合剂层。
图3表示根据本发明再一实施方案的防伪制品40。防伪制品40包括与上述防伪制品10类似的元件,包括其外侧第一表面上形成有光学干涉图案14的光透射基片12,以及在基片12对侧的第二表面上形成的色移光学涂层46。但是光学涂层46是多层光学叠层,所包括的都是绝缘层。在Phillips等人的US5135812和5084351中披露了包括全是绝缘层的适合用于光学涂层46的光学叠层,其公开内容在此引入作为参考。通常,光学涂层46包括低折射率和高折射率绝缘层的交替层,该绝缘层由上述对绝缘层20进行讨论时所提到的各种材料构成。光学涂层46的全绝缘叠层使得防伪制品40对在其表面上入射的光是透明的。如果需要可以在光学涂层46上形成粘合层24例如压敏粘合层。
图4表示根据本发明再一实施方案的防伪制品50。防伪制品50包括与上述防伪制品10类似的元件,包括其外侧第一表面上形成有光学干涉图案14的光透射基片12,以及施加在基片12的对侧第二表面上的色移光学涂层56。色移光学涂层56由色移油墨或漆的层而形成的,该色移油墨或漆包括其中散布着多个具有色移性能的光学干涉薄片的聚合物介质。
光学涂层56的色移薄片由多层薄膜结构形成,包括上述关于防伪制品10的光学涂层16相同的基本结构。包括吸收层,绝缘层和任选的反射层,所有的这些层是由上述关于光学涂层16的层所讨论的相同的材料构成的。该薄片可以形成为对称的多层薄膜结构,例如吸收层/绝缘层/反射层/绝缘层/吸收层,或吸收层/绝缘层/吸收层。或者该薄片可以具有非对称结构,例如吸收层/绝缘层/反射层。所形成的薄片在其任何一个表面上的尺寸范围约是2-200微米。
通常,多层薄膜结构是在其上带有可脱模层的的柔软片材上形成。采用形成薄涂层结构领域已知的方法在该片上沉积各种层,例如PVD、溅射等。从片材上除去多层薄膜结构作为薄膜色移薄片,然后该薄片被加入到聚合物介质例如各种颜料溶媒中,用作油墨或漆。除了色移薄片以外,可以向油墨或漆中加入添加剂以获得所需要的色移结果。这些添加剂包括薄片状颜料例如铝薄片、石墨、云母薄片等,以及非薄片状颜料例如铝粉、碳黑和其它着色剂例如有机或无机颜料和彩色染料。
适合的薄片结构实施方案如题为“色移薄膜颜料”的待决申请序列号09/198733(1998.11.24提交)中所述,其内容在此引入作为参考。可以用于本发明的漆或油墨的其它适合的色移或光学可变薄片如US5135812、5171363、5278590、5084351和4838648所述,其公开内容在此引入作为参考。
用来形成防伪制品50上的光学涂层56的色移油墨或漆可以用领域内一般技术人员公知的常规涂布设备和方法来涂布。它们包括例如各种印刷方法如丝网印刷、凹版印刷、照相凹版或苯胺印刷方法等。或者光学涂层56可以通过将含有色移薄片的聚合物材料和用于形成带有干涉图案15的基片12的塑料材料共挤出而形成在防伪制品50上。
如果需要,可以选择在光学涂层56上形成粘合层24,例如压敏粘合层,以使得防伪制品50能够附着在物体的适当表面上。
在图5所示的本发明另一个实施方案中,防伪制品60包括与上述防伪制品10类似的元件,包括其外侧第一表面上形成有光学干涉图案14的光透射基片12。色移光学涂层66以箔的形式提供,利用粘合层62被层压至基片12的相对第二表面上。层压粘合剂可以由压敏粘合剂、聚氨酯、丙烯酸酯、天然胶乳或其结合构成。光学涂层66包括吸收层18、其上的绝缘层20,以及绝缘层20上的反射层22。光学涂层16在被层压至基片12之前,在载体片64上形成。例如在层压之前,光学涂层16可以在真空辊涂布机中沉积在透明塑料载体片上。
在防伪制品60的变通实施方案中,光学涂层可以是多层结构的形式,具有吸收层和绝缘层,没有反射层,例如防伪制品30的光学涂层36,或可以采取全绝缘光学叠层的形式,例如防伪制品40的光学涂层46。另外,防伪制品60的光学涂层可以采取色移油墨或漆层的形式,例如防伪制品50的光学涂层56。
图6表示根据本发明另一实施方案的防伪制品70。该防伪制品70包括与上述防伪制品60类似的元件,包括其外侧第一表面上形成有光学干涉图案14的光透射基片12。色移光学涂层76以箔的形式提供,利用粘合层62被层压至基片12的相对第二表面上。光学涂层76包括吸收层18、绝缘层20,以及反射层22。它们在被层压至基片12之前,在载体片64上形成。光学涂层76还包括基本上无光学作用的中间层78,它是剪切敏感的。该中间层78在绝缘层20和反射层22之间利用常规的涂布方法形成,是由诸如聚四氟乙烯、氟化乙烯丙烯(FEP)、硅酮、碳、其结合之类的材料气相沉积的非常薄的层(例如约50-200)构成的。在防伪制品70一旦施加在物体上之后,在不损坏的状态下不能从该防伪制品上脱模该中间层78。
可以理解,如果需要,在上述采用包括多层箔的光学涂层的其他实施方案中,可以采用如防伪制品70所述的剪切中间层。例如,图7表示防伪制品80,它包括与防伪制品10基本相同的元件,包括具有光学干涉图案14的光透射基片12,以及具有吸收层18、绝缘层20和反射层22的色移光学涂层86。该光学涂层还包括基本上无光学作的中间层88,它在绝缘层20和反射层22之间形成。可任选在反射层22上或例如塑料片的任选载体片64上形成粘合层24,例如压敏粘合层,以将防伪制品80附着在物体的适当表面上。在后者情况下,由于载体片64可以载有层18、20、88和22,吸收层可以被粘结在光透射基片12上。
图8A表示本发明另一实施方案的防伪制品90,其中基片的压花表面上有光学涂层。防伪制品90包括与防伪制品10类似的元件,包括具有压花在其表面上的光学干涉图案14的光透射基片12,以及是多层膜光学叠层的色移光学涂层96。但是光学涂层96是采用传统的真空沉积方法在基片12上与干涉图案相同的一侧上形成。光学涂层96包括吸收层18、吸收层18之下的绝缘层20以及绝缘层20之下的反射层22。或者,层沉积的次序可以相反,即可以首先在光学干涉图案上沉积吸收层,然后是绝缘层,最后是反射层。在这种结构中,透过光透射基片12观察防伪制品,可以看到干涉图案例如改善的全息图。
在基片12上形成的光学涂层96的这些层的每一个优选与下面的干涉图案例如全息影像形状相一致,使得全息结构处于光学涂层96的外侧表面上。这一点在图8B的防伪制品90的放大截面图中可以更清楚的看到。在形成光学涂层96或其他多层涂料中采用的真空方法会经膜生长而仍然保持全息结构,从而全息影像可以保留在光学涂层96的外表面。这一点优选是通过基本垂直于涂布表面的定向气束而实现的。
可以选择在基片12与光学涂层96相对的表面上形成粘合层24例如压敏粘合层,以使得防伪制品90可以附着在物体的适当表面上。
可以理解,在防伪制品90的变通实施方案中,光学涂层96可以是多层结构,具有吸收层和绝缘层,而没有反射层,例如防伪制品30的光学涂层36,或可以采取全绝缘光学叠层的形式,例如防伪制品40的光学涂层46。
图9表示本发明另一实施方案的防伪制品100,它是由用于复制干涉结构例如光学叠层中的全息图的主垫片102而形成的。该主垫片102由金属材料构成,例如镍、锡、铬或其结合,并且其上形成有全息或衍射图案104。光学涂层106通过传统的真空沉积方法例如物理气相沉积而在图案104上形成。光学涂层106包括直接沉积在图案104上的脱模层(未显示)、吸收层18、吸收层18上的绝缘层20、以及绝缘层20上的反射层22。脱模层可以由材料例如金、硅酮或低表面能材料例如FEP构成。绝缘层优选是低折射率材料例如MgF2或SiO2,因为能提供应力优势。光学涂层106的这些层中的每一个在主垫片102上形成,从而与下面的全息或衍射图案104的形状相一致。接收片108例如带有粘合层(未显示)的塑料片被附着在反射层22上。然后光学涂层106可以从主垫片102上脱模至接收片108上,用于附着在物体上,使得全息或衍射图案复制在光学涂层106中。
在防伪制品100的变通实施方案中,光学涂层106可以是多层结构,具有吸收层和绝缘层,而没有反射层,诸如防伪制品30的光学涂层36,或可以采取全绝缘光学叠层的形式,诸如防伪制品40的光学涂层46。
在以下的实施方案中,通过将激光成像的光学涂层结构层压至压花基片上而形成各种防伪制品。层压提供了成本优势和防伪,因为两个昂贵的防伪组成(即色移膜和全息图)保持为分离直至层压在一起。层压制品可以包括色移箔或油墨,它可以用作全息影像之下的背景,全息影像只能够在选定的角度被看见。因此看见全息图叠加在也具有相关影像的色移背景上。
在图10A和10B所示的实施方案中,防伪制品110设有在色移光学涂层116中形成的激光烧蚀影像。如图10A所示,光学涂层116在载体片64例如透明PET上利用传统涂布方法形成,以形成预层压结构117。光学涂层116如下形成:将反射层22沉积在载体片64上,然后沉积绝缘层20和吸收层18。然后在光学涂层116中在预层压结构117上利用传统的激光成像系统形成激光烧蚀影像118。激光烧蚀影像118可以是数字影像(例如人物、面部的图片)、条形码、隐藏的(即微观的)数据和信息,或其结合。激光成像可以采用半导体二极管激光系统例如从Presstek公司获得并在US5339737以及RE35512中披露的那些来完成,所述专利披露内容在此引入作为参考。或者反射图案蚀刻、或通过光刻法的化学蚀刻可以用来在光学涂层中形成各种影像。
然后带有激光烧蚀影像118的预层压结构117被层压至其一个表面上具有光学干涉图案14的光透射基片12上,所述光学干涉图案例如衍射或全息图案,如图10B所示。预层压结构117通过粘合剂层62层压至基片12与干涉图案14对侧的表面上,以形成完整的防伪制品110。或者,预层压结构117可以在基片的压花表面上层压。在后者的情况下,透过透射基片12观看图样。在这种情况下,高折射率透明层必须置于压花表面上,从而不会在粘合层和压花表面之间发生折射率匹配。这种高折射率层的适当实例包括TiO2或ZnS。
可以理解,如果需要,预层压结构117可以用作最终产品,而无需再层压至压花表面。在这种情况下,预层压结构117可以直接利用粘合剂或其他附着方法附着在物体上。预层压结构以可以通过直接激光烧蚀一个已经直接沉积在全息或衍射基片上的适当的光学可变层来形成。
图11表示本发明另一个实施方案的防伪制品120,它包括与上述防伪制品110类似的元件,包括具有光学干涉图案14例如全息或衍射图案的光透射基片12,以及利用粘合层62层压至基片12的色移光学涂层126。光学涂层126包括吸收层18、绝缘层20和反射层22。光学涂层126沉积在载体片64上,以在层压至基片12之前形成预层压结构。预层压结构进行如上防伪制品110所述的激光成像过程,以形成激光刻录的数字122,例如序列数字用于序列标签中。
图12表示本发明另一个实施方案的防伪制品130,它包括与上述防伪制品110和120类似的元件,包括形成有全息或衍射图案的光透射基片12,以及利用粘合层62层压至基片12的色移光学涂层136。光学涂层136包括如上所述的吸收层18、绝缘层20和反射层22。光学涂层136沉积在载体片64上,以在层压至基片12之前形成预层压结构。预层压结构进行如上防伪制品110和120所述的激光成像过程,以形成激光烧蚀影像118和激光刻录的数字122,由此结合了防伪制品110和120的特征。
图13表示本发明另外实施方案的防伪制品140,它包括与上述防伪制品130类似的元件,包括形成有光学干涉图案的光透射基片12,以及利用粘合层62层压至基片12的色移光学涂层146。光学涂层146包括如上所述的吸收层18、绝缘层20和反射层22。光学涂层146沉积在载体片64上,以在层压至基片12之前形成预层压结构。预层压结构进行如上防伪制品130所述的激光成像过程,以形成激光烧蚀影像118和激光刻录的数字122。另外在基片12上干涉图案14之上形成隐藏的电阻层148。该隐藏的电阻层148由透明的导电材料例如铟锡氧化物、铟氧化物、镉锡氧化物、其结合等制成,给防伪制品140提供增强的特征,例如规定的电阻。这种隐藏的电阻层如1998年6月9日提交的US申请序列号09/094005中披露,其公开内容在此引入作为参考。如果需要,隐藏的电阻层可以用于本发明的其他实施方案。
可以理解,在图10-13中的上述实施方案也可以正向层压,从而带有高折射率透明绝缘层的压花表面可以靠近层压粘合剂以及光学涂层。例如,图14描述了防伪制品150,它包括光学干涉图案14的光透射基片12,以及色移光学涂层156,它利用粘合层62层压至基片。光学涂层156包括吸收层18、绝缘层20和反射层22。光学涂层156沉积在载体片64上,以在层压至基片12之前形成预层压结构。预层压结构进行激光成像过程,以形成激光烧蚀影像118和激光刻录的数字122。如图14所示,光学涂层156被层压至基片12,从而靠近光学干涉图案14例如全息或衍射图案。
在图10-14的各种实施方案的防伪制品中,光学涂层可以是多层结构,具有吸收层和绝缘层,而没有反射层,例如防伪制品30的光学涂层36,或可以使全绝缘光学叠层的形式,例如防伪制品40的光学涂层46。另外,这些防伪制品的光学涂层可以是色移油墨或漆层的形式,例如防伪制品50的光学涂层56。在激光成像和层压之前,可以直接在载体片64上形成这种交替的光学涂层。
可以理解,色移光学涂层可以直接沉积在压花表面上,例如图1-4和7-9的实施方案所示,如果需要,也可以被成像,如通过上述的激光烧蚀方法。
本发明的防伪制品可以被转移并用各种常规的方法粘附于各种物品上。一种优选的方法是火印,如图15和16示意。图15显示了一个实施方案的火印结构160,它包括在一个表面上具有热脱模层164的载体片162。具有干涉图案14并且干涉图案14上施加了高折射率透明层(未显示)的压花基片12被附着在脱模层164上,从而脱模层在与压花对置的一侧上。通过涂布油墨而已经被施加在基片12的色移光学涂层166夹在基片12和热活性粘合层168之间。
通常,载体片162可以由各种材料例如塑料以各种厚度构成,这是领域内一般技术人员公知的。例如当载体片162由PET形成时,厚度范围优选是约10μm-约75μm。根据此处的理论,其他材料和厚度也是可以的。另外,载体片162可以是各种有助于将防伪制品转移至所述物体的制造的带或其他加工结构的一部分。该脱模层164由适当的材料构成,以使得基片12能够在火印过程中从载体片162上被除去。脱模层164可以是聚合材料例如聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、氯化橡胶、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)共聚物、硝基纤维素、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸共聚物、脂肪酸、蜡、树胶、明胶和其混合物等。脱模层164的厚度可以是约1μm-约25μm。
热活性粘合层168可以由各种粘合材料构成,例如丙烯酸类聚合物,乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、聚酰胺,其结合等。粘合层168的厚度可以是约2μm-约20μm。
在火印过程中,在火印结构160已经被压在要被火印的物体169的表面之后,利用脱模层164将载体片162从基片12上除去,基片12和光学涂层166构成的防伪制品利用热活性粘合层168粘合在物体169上。物体169可以由各种材料构成,例如塑料、聚脂、皮革、金属、脱模、木材、纸张、织物等,例如需要防伪制品的各种材料表面。粘合层168与物体169的表面在具有清楚形状或影像的加热的金属印(未显示)与物体169接触时发生粘合,该金属印被加热至能够在物体169和粘合层168之间提供粘接的温度。加热的金属印将粘结层168压向物体169,同时将粘结层168加热至适当温度,以粘合至物体169。另外,加热的金属印软化脱模层164,由此有助于在火印影像区域内将载体片162从基片12脱模,以展现出附着在物体169上的防伪制品。一旦防伪制品已经被从载体片162上脱模,就丢弃载体片。当防伪制品已经粘附在物体169上时,由防伪制品所产生的影像就可以从基片12朝向光学涂层166来观看。
图16表示另一个实施方案的火印结构170,包括与上述火印结构160基本相同的元件。包括在一个表面上具有热脱模层164的载体片162,以及具有干涉图案14的压花基片12,基片12附着在脱模层164上。经真空涂布已经施加在基片12的色移多层光学涂层176夹在基片12和热活性粘合层168之间。
火印结构170的火印过程与上述火印结构160相同。在火印结构170已经压在物体169的表面之后,载体片162利用脱模层164从基片12上除去,由基片12和光学涂层176构成的防伪制品用粘合层168粘接在物体169上。
可以理解,本发明前述防伪制品的各种其他实施方案可以用于火印过程。
或者,可以采用利用了UV活性粘合剂的冷转印过程,以将本发明的防伪制品附着在各种物体上。这种过程在I.M.Boswarva等的在真空涂布协会的第33期年度技术会议的报告集(1990年)的103-109页的题为“Roll Coater System for the Production of Optically VariableDevices(OVD’s)for Security Application”中披露,所披露的内容在此引入作用参考。
上述的各种防伪制品可以被用于各种用途,来提供例如防伪的改进防伪措施。该防伪制品可以以标签、标记、条、防伪线、带等形式来使用,用于各种物品例如防伪单据、防伪标签、金融转帐卡、货币、信用卡、商品包装、许可证卡、可转让单据、证券、债券例如银行或政府债券、纸、塑料或玻璃制品或其它类似物品等。本发明的防伪制品的优选用途包括以下领域:1)刚性材料防伪产品,例如支付卡,“智能卡”以及身份证;2)层状产品,包括驾驶证、防伪通行证、出境卡以及护照;以及3)“一次性”防伪制品例如印花税票、飘带(banderole)、包装密封、真实性证明、礼券等。
上述应用具有某些共同的考虑。在这些应用中,最好存在全息或其他衍射结构,并被刚性基片和覆盖层叠所保护,如果没有使用这些,那么该应用就是不需要长期循环使用以及大范围触摸的。一个主要因素是应用单据必须依赖于防伪图样的有限阵列,相对的非技术人员必须能够容易的鉴别该图样。例如信用卡通常依赖于一个主要防伪图样以及辅助图样例如印刷技术来进行鉴别。钞票防伪性的手段武库(水印、凹印、特定纸、线等)不能用于刚性不透明基片。因此本发明的防伪图样可以是非常有成本效率的“防御保护”,容易被公众识别,并可集成在防伪票据的整个式样中。
本发明的防伪图样的另一个优点是可以用于自动机器鉴别,同时仍然保持易于记忆的特征,即在观察角变化时发生明显的色移。通过引入可以与照片形式的同样影像相比较的数字信息,可以进一步增强防伪性。尽管有创造力的电脑黑客可以模拟装饰全息基片上的简单的图标,但是采用喷墨打印机对色移背景的模仿是不可能的,并且不能生成只在某个角度能被看见的影像。
尽管传统的全息图提供了单据防伪性的保护因素,但是这种全息图对外行来说难以准确地鉴别,因为它们虽然具有视觉吸引力,但是不材料能让观察者得出正确的结论。本发明的防伪制品建立在全息图的视觉吸引力的基础之上,并增加了显著的因素,它们容易鉴别并且难以复制或模仿。
给出以下实施例来解释本发明,但是不意味着是对本发明范围的限制。
实施例1
由聚合物溶媒中的色移薄片构成的光学涂层用下拉的方法在由PET膜构成的含有全息影像的光透射基片上形成。下拉溶媒包括两份漆/催化剂和一份色移薄片。所采用的色移薄片具有绿变品红、蓝变红和品红变金的色移性能。
实施例2
在压花透明膜上形成具有三层结构的色移光学涂层,以制造防伪制品。在透明膜的平面上与压花表面相对的一侧上形成光学涂层。该光学涂层如下形成:在透明膜的平面上沉积由铬构成的吸收层,在吸收层上沉积由氟化镁构成的绝缘层,在绝缘层上沉积铝反射层。
或者可以沉积铝层,而使得它基本是透明的。这也使得在物品上印刷的信息可以透过光学涂层而被读出。另外反射层可以由磁性材料构成。这种色移成分中的磁性特征当其被加入到全息成分中时能够为防伪制品提供三个独立的防伪特征。
形成防伪制品的压花膜和光学涂层可以被钢性粘贴在载体基片上,或可以被附着在脱模层上,从而防伪制品可以被火印至物品的表面。另外色移薄膜的火印的影像可以是例如点、线、标志的图案或其它影像。这种光学可变效果图案可以为伪造带来更大的难度。
实施例3
根据本发明,通过将激光成像的光学涂层层压至压花基片上,制造防伪制品。该防伪制品包括四个主要部分:
1)激光烧蚀的影像,2)激光烧蚀的条形码或序列数字,3)多层色移薄膜,以及4)全息影像。
色移薄膜在真空辊涂布机中沉积在1mil厚的透明聚脂(PET)基片上。该薄膜是如下形成的:在基片上沉积铝金属层,然后在金属层上沉积氟化镁构成的绝缘层,在绝缘层上沉积铬构成的吸收层。然后,将薄膜采用基于Heidelberg Quickmaster印刷系统的激光二极管成像系统进行激光烧蚀,以提供数字编码。该成像系统采用高分辨率二极管阵列,其点径大约为30微米。在已经在薄膜上编码了数字信息之后,压花有全息图案的塑料膜被利用压敏粘合层而层压至该薄膜,以产生完整的防伪制品。全息的文字“防伪”被从上侧放下,以使得压花表面接近该薄膜,并保护影像。防伪制品的完成结构类似于图14的实施方案所示。
经肉眼检查时,防伪制品在其前后旋转时具有三个明显的影像。在垂直观察时,可以看见激光烧蚀产生的妇女面部为品色,它在高角度时变成绿色。该色移在各种光条件下都容易看到,并容易想起这个简单的色移。在中间的角度,全息图呈现为颜色和影像的多个小面。
实施例4
将实施例3的防伪制品进行各种测试,以测量它的光学性能,如下所述。
A.仪器和样品取向
采用Zeiss GK/311M测角分光光度计,它利用氙闪光灯并具有角度可调的光纤用于进行照明和反射,来表征防伪制品。检查三种类型的观察条件,采用图17A和17B所示的几何条件。这些观察条件包括a)将照明角度设定为45度,测量角为65-155度之间,按照5度增幅(图17A);b)无光泽,照明角度为25-75度之间,按照5度增幅,测量角度为100-150度之间,按照5度增幅(图17B);以及c)有光泽(镜面),照明角度为25-80度之间按照5度增幅,测量角在100-155度之间按照5度增幅(图17B)。这些几何条件的校准采用白瓦片(tile)进行。为了测量是否存在任何取向效果,将防伪制品相对于每种观察条件的观察光学装置按照0、90、180和270度取向。
B.光学结果
三种观察条件下的光学测试结果如下所示。测量显示,可以将干涉光学可变效果独特地表征出来,而与衍射效果分开。
1.设定照明角度
在这种结构中,全息图的光学性质在光谱响应中占优势,但是这只是在两个取向即90度和270度(即于全息图的沟槽成90度)。图18的图中所示的光谱轮廓表示,全息图的各种衍射级占优势。只有在小和大角度差处,色移薄膜才会显示它的光谱。图19中CIE实验室颜色空间中的颜色轨迹表示防伪图样所得到的颜色移动主要是因为全息图。全息图的色品和色饱和度是高的,如从消色点(a*=b*=0)的大漂移所看出的。
2.无光泽几何条件
与以上看到的光谱轮廓相反,无光泽测量显示,在这种几何条件中,色移薄膜现在在光学响应中占优势,与样品取向无关。尽管没有证据表明该光学效果来自全息图为0度取向时,但是在90度取向可以看见来自全息图和薄膜光学叠层的结合光学效果。在图20中改善了光学叠层引起的光谱峰。光谱轮廓是典型的金属层-绝缘层-吸收层光学叠层,其中光谱和所得到的颜色随着观察角的增大而移向短波。有趣的是,在这种结构中,随着颜色从品红变为黄,亮度L*从高移至低值。在0/180度取向,全息图表现为没有光谱峰。
3.有光泽几何条件
在有光泽几何条件中,防伪制品具有两个显著特征:一个是在0度、180度,另一个是在90度、270度。在第一种取向中,唯一的光学效果典型的是来自色移薄膜的一种,其中随着入射角的增加,颜色移向较短的波长。图21表示在第一种取向的防伪制品的有光泽光谱轮廓。颜色从品红移至绿色。随着峰移向短波,逐渐发生峰抑制。该抑制的发生部分是因为标准的白瓦片以及防伪制品本身引起的较高的反射率值。理论上,薄膜的光谱保持同样的光谱,但是随着入射角的增加,移向较短的波长。
应当指出,在0度、180度的有光泽取向适用于机读,因为光学叠层的峰被明确的限定,并且没有全息特征。
在第二种取向中,光学叠层引起的光谱峰在入射的高角度表现出与全息图有较大的光学互动。图22是表示防伪制品在第二种取向中的有光泽光谱轮廓的图。
C.光学显微方法
在Zeiss光学显微镜观察防伪制品,以观看编码在色移薄膜中的数字特征。图23是在防伪制品的薄膜光学地层中的数字影像显微照片(放大50倍)。在图23中,数字点(烧蚀孔)的尺寸在约100微米的数量级,其中没有整个光学叠层。每100微米像素实际上由30微米重叠的数字点形成。因此可以用30-100微米像素分辨率写入隐藏信息,该分辨率低于人眼检测限度。在涂层中观察到的裂缝通常是绝缘膜,它进行了应力消除。这些裂缝对于光学性质或薄膜的粘合来说都不具有有害的效果。
实施例5
通过将光学叠层直接真空涂布到全息表面上而在压花透明塑料膜上形成具有三层设计的色移光学叠层,以产生防伪制品。在制造过程中,从市购的全息图中通过氢氧化钠的稀溶液而除去标准铝层。在漂洗和干燥之后,压花表面在真空中采用物理气相沉积方法,涂布有半透明金属层、低折射率绝缘材料层以及最后的不透明铝层。该薄膜光学叠层是Fabry-Perot滤色镜,以500纳米为中心。该层可以被按照相反的方向涂布,相应的改变是塑料膜的侧面用光学叠层改善。
当这种结构透过塑料膜观察时,可以看见全息图和光学叠层的重叠。大体上,在初期全息图中的颜色的彩虹被光学叠层所改变,由此一些颜色是受到强调的,一些颜色是被抑制的。实际上,可以从两侧观察全息图;在铝侧,可以看见原始全息图,在另一侧,透过塑料膜可以看见全息图和光学叠层的叠加。
通过扫面电子显微镜(SEM)仔细的检查光学叠层,表现出全息图的衍射表面图案被透过光学叠层复制,从而该全息影像被保留在铝表面内。如图24A和24B所示,这些是SEM影像的显微照片(分别放大2000倍和6000倍),表示在防伪制品的光学叠层顶部的全息浮凸。
只要不脱离本发明的精神和主要特征,可以用其它特定的形式来实现本发明。所示的实施方案只是示例性而不是限制性的。因此本发明的范围由所附的权利要求来限定,而不是由前面的说明书来限定。在权利要求等同范围内的所有变化也落在本发明的范围内。
Claims (24)
1.一种防伪制品,包括:
(a)光透射基片,具有第一表面和对侧的第二表面,第一表面包括形成光学干涉图案的微结构;以及
(b)覆盖在该基片第二表面上的色移多层光学涂层,该光学涂层随着入射光角度或观察角度的改变提供可观察到的色移。
2.如权利要求1的防伪制品,其特征在于,基片由塑料材料构成。
3.如权利要求2的防伪制品,其特征在于,塑料材料从包含下列各项的组中选择:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚碳酸酯、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯腈、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯以及它们的混合物或共聚物。
4.如权利要求1的防伪制品,其特征在于,该微结构具有约0.1微米至10微米范围的尺寸,并且其中光学干涉图案是衍射光栅图案或全息影像图案。
5.如权利要求1的防伪制品,其特征在于,所述色移多层光学涂层是多层光学干涉膜,包括在基片第二表面上的吸收层,以及吸收层上的绝缘层。
6.如权利要求1的防伪制品,其特征在于,所述色移多层光学涂层是多层光学干涉膜,包括在基片第二表面上的吸收层、吸收层上的绝缘层以及绝缘层上的反射层。
7.如权利要求1的防伪制品,其特征在于,所述色移多层光学涂层包括多个分散在聚合物介质中的多层光学干涉薄片。
8.如权利要求1的防伪制品,其特征在于,还包括基片上的脱模层。
9.一种防伪制品,包括:光透射基片,具有第一表面和对侧的第二表面,第一表面具有衍射光栅图案或全息影像图案;以及在该基片第二表面上的色移多层光学涂层,该光学涂层包括:在基片第二表面上的吸收层、吸收层上的绝缘层以及绝缘层上的反射层;其中光学涂层随着入射光角度或观察角度的改变提供可观察到的色移,其中该反射层被分割。
10.如权利要求9的防伪制品,其特征在于,吸收层包括从以下物质构成的组中选择的材料:铬、镍、钯、钛、钒、钴、铁、钨、钼、铌、氧化铁、碳以及它们的组合或合金。
11.如权利要求9的防伪制品,其特征在于,吸收层具有约30A至约300A的物理厚度。
12.如权利要求9的防伪制品,其特征在于,绝缘层具有约1.65或更小的折射系数。
13.如权利要求12的防伪制品,其特征在于,绝缘层包括从以下物质构成的组中选择的材料:二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、氟化镁、氟化铝、氟化铈、氟化镧、钠铝氟化物、氟化钕、氟化钐、氟化钡、氟化钙、氟化锂、以及它们的组合。
14.如权利要求9的防伪制品,其特征在于,绝缘层是由有机单体构成的。
15.如权利要求9的防伪制品,其特征在于,绝缘层包括从以下物质构成的组中选择的材料:丙烯酸酯、全氟烯烃、聚四氟乙烯、氟化乙烯丙烯以及它们的组合。
16.如权利要求9的防伪制品,其特征在于,绝缘层包括从以下物质构成的组中选择的材料:硫化锌(ZnS)、氧化锌(ZnO)、氧化锆(ZrO2)、二氧化钛(TiO2)、碳(C)、氧化铟(In2O3)、氧化铟锡(ITO)、五氧化二钽(Ta2O5)、二氧化铈(CeO2)、氧化钇(Y2O3)、氧化铕(Eu2O3)、氧化铁、氮化铪(HfN)、碳化铪(HfC)、氧化铪(HfO)、氧化镧(La2O3)、氧化镁(MgO)、氧化钕(Nd2O3)、氧化镨(Pr6O11)、氧化钐(Sm2O3)、氧化锑(Sb2O3)、碳化硅(SiC)、氮化硅(Si3N4)、一氧化硅(SiO)、三氧化硒(Se2O3)、氧化锡(SnO2)、三氧化钨(WO3)、它们的组合。
17.如权利要求9的防伪制品,其特征在于,绝缘层的光学厚度范围从设计波长约为400nm时的2QWOT至设计波长约为700nm时的9QWOT。
18.如权利要求9的防伪制品,其特征在于,反射层由不透明的高反射金属铝、银、铜、金、铂、铌、锡、或上述金属的组合或合金构成,或由适当厚度的半透明的金属铬、镍、钛、钒、钴、钯、或钴镍合金构成。
19.如权利要求9的防伪制品,其特征在于,反射层是由磁性材料构成的。
20.如权利要求19的防伪制品,其特征在于,磁性材料包括钴—镍合金。
21.如权利要求9的防伪制品,其特征在于,反射层具有约300A-约1000A的物理厚度。
22.一种防伪制品,包括:光透射基片,具有第一表面和对侧的第二表面,第一表面具有衍射光栅图案或全息影像图案;以及在该基片第二表面上的色移光学涂层,该光学涂层包括聚合介质和分散在聚合介质中的多个色移多层光学干涉薄片,每个光学干涉薄片至少包括吸收层和绝缘层;其中光学涂层随着入射光角度或观察角度的改变提供可观察到的色移。
23.如权利要求22的防伪制品,其特征在于,每个薄片在其任何表面上具有约2至约200微米的尺寸。
24.如权利要求22的防伪制品,其特征在于,每个薄片还包括反射层。
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EP1762398B1 (en) | 2014-04-16 |
CN1258448C (zh) | 2006-06-07 |
US20070183047A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
US20050128543A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
EP1762398A2 (en) | 2007-03-14 |
KR100837593B1 (ko) | 2008-06-13 |
CN1666888A (zh) | 2005-09-14 |
ES2462369T3 (es) | 2014-05-22 |
EP1762398A3 (en) | 2012-02-15 |
CN1423598A (zh) | 2003-06-11 |
EP1252027A1 (en) | 2002-10-30 |
KR20020071955A (ko) | 2002-09-13 |
US20040101676A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
US7224528B2 (en) | 2007-05-29 |
EP1849620A2 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
EP1762398B2 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
AU2001211949B2 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
EP1849620B1 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
WO2001053113A1 (en) | 2001-07-26 |
EP1849620A3 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
PT1849621E (pt) | 2014-06-03 |
EP1849621B1 (en) | 2014-04-16 |
EP1849621A2 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
CA2397806C (en) | 2009-05-05 |
DK1849621T3 (da) | 2014-05-26 |
JP2003520986A (ja) | 2003-07-08 |
CA2397806A1 (en) | 2001-07-26 |
KR100739242B1 (ko) | 2007-07-12 |
KR20070007975A (ko) | 2007-01-16 |
EP1849621A3 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
AU1194901A (en) | 2001-07-31 |
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