CN1668793B - 具有预拉伸的合成绳索的升降机带组件 - Google Patents

具有预拉伸的合成绳索的升降机带组件 Download PDF

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CN1668793B
CN1668793B CN028296656A CN02829665A CN1668793B CN 1668793 B CN1668793 B CN 1668793B CN 028296656 A CN028296656 A CN 028296656A CN 02829665 A CN02829665 A CN 02829665A CN 1668793 B CN1668793 B CN 1668793B
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H·J·奥东内尔
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Otis Elevator Co
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Abstract

升降机负载支撑组件(40),包括在氨基甲酸乙酯套(44)中的多个合成或者聚合物绳索(42)。该绳索被预拉伸并且该套防止被拉伸的绳索松弛。本发明的结构提供了一种负载支撑组件(40),该组件(40)具有很小的或者没有弹性或者结构拉伸。

Description

具有预拉伸的合成绳索的升降机带组件
技术领域
本发明整体上涉及用于升降机系统的负载支撑元件。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种升降机带组件,该组件具有预拉伸的聚合物绳索,该绳索被包裹有聚氨基甲酸乙酯材料。
背景技术
升降机系统一般包括座舱和配重,它们在升降间移动以便将乘坐者或者货物输送到建筑物中的不同的楼梯平台。负载支撑元件,例如绳索或者带子一般在一组滑轮上互动并且支撑座舱和配重的载荷。存在有多种用在升降机系统中的载荷支撑元件。
传统的负载支撑元件一直是钢丝绳。尽管这个结构被证明是有效的,但是本领域技术人员一直在致力于进行改进。例如较轻的重量和较大的强度是负载支撑组件的非常期望的特征。例如较大的建筑物需要升降机,该升降机移动了较大的距离,从而增加了该负载支撑组件的所需长度。较轻的重量的替换物将改进在这样的建筑物中的与升降机系统相关的经济性。
尽管一些使用较轻重量材料的替换的带子结构已经被提出,但是需要满足通常的安全规则和乘坐者驾驶质量标准。一般的规则要求带子满足所选定的强度标准,而驾驶质量要求最小的伸长量。如果使用替换的材料,则与满足强度和伸长的要求相关的设计问题可能非常复杂。较轻重量的材料对伸长更加敏感并且具有取决于材料组分的不同的断裂强度。
本发明提供了一种技术方案,生产一种负载支撑组件,该组件用聚合物材料的绳索代替钢,从而能够满足强度和伸长的要求。
发明内容
总的来说,本发明是一种升降机带组件,该组件具有包在外套中的预拉伸的合成材料绳索,该外套使绳索保持在被拉伸的状态。本发明的结构提供了一种具有最小弹性或者结构伸长的带组件。
在一个实施例中,所述绳索使用大致为绳索断裂强度的10%的张力被预拉伸。
本发明的用于生产升降机带组件的方法包括:使多个合成材料绳索在所选定的结构中对齐。每个绳索被张紧以便预拉伸该绳索。所述被拉伸的绳索覆盖有外套,以便所获得的带组件使绳索已经伸长选定数量。
本发明的不同特征和优点对本领域技术人员来说通过下面的对优选实施例进行描述而变得清楚。说明书的附图在下面进行简单描述。
附图说明
图1简示出按照本发明设计的实施例带组件的一部分;
图2为图1的线2-2剖取的截面视图;和
图3是生产本发明的实施例的带组件的方法的简示图。
具体实施方式
图1和2简示出为设计用于升降机系统的带组件40的一部分。多个绳索42一般平行于带组件40的纵轴对齐。在带组件加工期间,所述绳索42被预拉伸期望的数量,使得在带子安装到升降机系统中进行操作载荷时,本发明的结构提供一种具有较少或者没有弹性伸长或者结构伸长的带子组件。
具有圆形绳索的扁平带组件作为范例示出在图1和2中,但是本发明并不必须被这样限制。其它的载荷支撑组件结构在本发明的范围内,例如非扁平的绳索或者包括扁平绳索的组件。在本说明书中使用的术语“带”不应该以最严格的方式理解,而是必须理解为指多种负载支撑元件组件设计。
该绳索42包括合成(最好聚合物)材料。实例的材料包括PBO,它在商标Zylon下销售;液晶聚合物例如聚酯-聚芳醇,它在商标Vectran下销售;p类型芳族聚酰胺在商标Kevlar,Technora和Twaron下销售;或者超高分子量聚乙烯,它的一个实例在商标Spectra下销售;和尼龙。给出了这个描述,本领域技术人员能够选择合适的材料或者材料组合来满足具体条件的需要。
使用合成或者聚合物材料考虑了一种相对覆盖钢的带具有较高的强度与重量之比的带。
外套44覆盖在绳索42上。外套44最好包括以聚亚氨酯为基的材料,该材料在固化期间并不被压缩。多种这样的材料可以购买到并且在现有技术中已知,可以用于升降机带组件。在一个实施例中,优选的氨基甲酸乙酯材料是以醚为基的聚氨基甲酸乙酯。在一个具体实施例中,MDI醚基材料最好用于本发明的一个具体实施例中。
该外套材料最好在固化时没有被压缩并且具有赋予该带组件在升降机系统中长时间有效的特征。该外套材料的摩擦特征最好可被精确地控制。在一个实施例中,相对牵引滑轮材料的摩擦系数为0.2,从而是最小的优选系数。具有充足的外套摩擦特征确保了在升降机系统工作期间合适的牵引。
该外套材料最好具有高耐磨强度并且抵抗切割或者剪切从而该带组件的摩擦不容易在该组件寿命期间发生。应该知道,该外套的摩擦导致所产生的振动和未到期的带更换,因此充足的切割强度或者剪切强度是希望的。
该外套材料的附加的期望特征将具有合适的拉伸强度以便支撑在升降机系统中在绳索42和滑轮之间的载荷。因为该外套材料接触滑轮,因此在绳索上的载荷必须在绳索和滑轮之间通过外套材料容纳。
该外套材料的压缩形变特征影响驾驶质量。在一个实施例中,该压缩形变最好约为40%。
优选的外套材料的另一个特征是高的抗水解强度以便避免外套材料的降解,这也可能因为在升降机的升降间中一般受到的相对高的温度和相对高的潮湿度而发生,所述材料还最好不受其它污染物例如润滑剂有害影响,这样的污染物在一些升降间中可以碰到。还希望选择一种材料使得抗紫外线的强度最大。
下面的表格总结了在本发明的一个实例组件中期望的外套材料的特征。
Figure G02829665619950324D000041
通过给出的描述,本领域技术人员能够选择合适的外套材料以便适合其具体情况的要求。
图3示出生产本发明设计的带子组件40的方法。绳索供应50提供了绳索42。
在一个实施例中,每个绳索被预制并且卷绕在单个卷轴上。实例带组件包括12个单个聚合物绳索。
设置装置52使绳索42以期望的对齐方式对齐使得该绳索将平行于该带组件40的纵轴延伸。使用所选则的载荷该绳索被拉伸从而对应于该绳索的断裂强度的期望的百分比。本发明的方法包括:在带组件设置在升降机系统的使用中时施加超出期望的载荷的载荷。在一个实施例中,所述绳索使用绳索的断裂强度的至少大约10%的载荷被预拉伸。在这个实施例中,该张力将绳索在该绳索的断裂强度的10%下预拉伸,因为升降机安全准则要求安全系数一般在10∶1-12∶1范围内。在10%下对绳索进行预拉伸导致了该带具有或者没有弹性拉伸和没有结构伸长。换句话说,该带设计一般考虑了达到10%的拉伸从而该带设计满足了安全准则。通过在10%下预拉伸,当该带安装在升降机系统中之后处于使用中时,在系统工作期间大致没有拉伸。
张紧装置54实施该拉伸载荷并且在生产期间控制在绳索上的拉伸量。尽管单个张紧站54被简示出,但是多个张紧装置可以沿带组件40的装配线使用。例如,相同张力最好用于在外套实施站56的两侧的绳索。该张紧站54最好包括合适的可编程控制器,它监测并且控制在期望范围内的张力以便预拉伸该绳索。
尽管没有专门示出,张力反馈装置(现有技术已知)最好接合到生产设备上,以便在每个单个绳索上的张力能够被监测并且按需要在整个组件加工过程中被调整。
该外套实施站56最好包括合适的模具或者其它装置,用于将外套材料应用到绳索42上。供应58以传统方式提供所选的材料到外套实施站56上。该外套材料可以被压模制,拉拔或者其它用于绳索42的方法。该预负载的绳索42接合到外套上并且覆盖有氨基甲酸乙酯材料,使得可以防止绳索从预拉伸状态放松或者卸载。
在一个实施例中,辊子59作为该外套实施站的一部分或者在该外套实施站56的后面含有该辊子59。该辊子59最好被特富龙涂装。在实施了外套材料之后,该辊子59为带子组件提供表面处理。在该外套表面上该辊子59可以提供压花图案。该辊子59便于对外套的外部尺寸控制。
然后在后处理站60最好进行对已形成的带组件40的处理。在一个实施例中,后处理站60包括成形装置,尺寸检测装置和固化冷却水浴,其中外套材料和该材料中的绳索被冷却到合适的温度。
一旦被固化,该外套44保持该绳索42在预拉伸状态。因此,本发明的带组件具有在带组件安装到升降机系统中之前已经被预拉伸的绳索。本发明的带组件受到了如果存在的话非常小的弹力或者结构拉伸。通过控制所施加的载荷以便在装配期间拉伸绳索,来控制对于给定条件期望的拉伸大小的误差。因为给定了所选择的材料和具体的条件,本领域技术人员将能够控制在本发明的完工的带组件中获得所期望的拉伸强度大小所需的生产参数。
所获得的带组件40最好然后存储62在用于运输到在升降机系统中安装的不同位置的卷轴上。在技术人员在设备中选择合适数量的带材料以用于具体应用时,该带组件40可以被预切割成具体的段或者以预定数量提供。
上面的描述是示例而不是实质将变形和改进限定在所公开的实施例,这一点对于本领域技术人员是明显的。本发明的法律保护范围仅仅由下面的权利要求书限定。

Claims (15)

1.一种生产升降机带组件的方法,该带组件具有多个在外套内的绳索,该方法包括:
(a)使多个绳索在选定的结构中对齐;
(b)张紧绳索选定的量以便拉伸该绳索至伸长的长度;和
(c)将选定的外套材料应用到绳索上以便包裹该绳索在该外套中,从而所述绳索在该外套中处于拉伸状态,其中预负载的绳索结合到所述外套上,所述外套包括大致不可压缩的氨基甲酸乙酯材料,从而绳索覆盖在所述氨基甲酸乙酯材料以内,使得防止所述绳索从预拉伸状态放松或卸载,所述不可压缩的氨基甲酸乙酯材料要满足如下表格的要求:
Figure FSB00001111326300011
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,使用超出在安装到升降机系统中时预期最大的带组件将受到的载荷张紧所述绳索。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,使用对应于绳索的断裂强度的期望的百分比张紧该绳索。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中,该载荷对应于该绳索断裂强度的至少10%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,包括使用合成材料生产该绳索。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,所述升降机带组件是一种负载承载组件。
7.一种升降机带组件,包括:
多个被拉伸至伸长的长度的绳索;和
在被拉伸的绳索上的外套,从而在没有任何外加载荷施加到该带组件上时保持被拉伸的绳索期望的拉伸量,其中预负载的绳索结合到所述外套上,所述外套包括大致不可压缩的氨基甲酸乙酯材料,从而绳索覆盖在所述氨基甲酸乙酯材料以内,使得防止所述绳索从预拉伸状态放松或卸载,所述不可压缩的氨基甲酸乙酯材料要满足如下表格的要求:
8.根据权利要求7所述的组件,其中该带组件具有限定的弹性拉伸。
9.根据权利要求7所述的组件,其中,该绳索包括合成材料。
10.根据权利要求7所述的组件,其中,该外套包括以醚为基的聚氨基甲酸乙酯。
11.根据权利要求7所述的组件,其中,绳索的牵伸量对应于超过该组件在安装到升降机系统中时受到的期望的最大载荷的载荷。
12.根据权利要求7所述的组件,其中,绳索牵伸量对应于该绳索断裂强度的至少大致10%的载荷。
13.根据权利要求7所述的组件,所述升降机带组件是一种负载承载组件。
14.通过如下工艺生产的升降机带组件,包括如下步骤:
(a)使多个绳索在选定的结构中对齐;
(b)通过施加选定量的张力拉伸该绳索至伸长的长度;和
(c)将选定的外套材料施加到被拉伸的绳索上以便在该外套中包裹该绳索,从而该绳索在该外套中处于拉伸状态,其中预负载的绳索结合到所述外套上,所述外套包括大致不可压缩的氨基甲酸乙酯材料,从而绳索覆盖在所述氨基甲酸乙酯材料以内,使得防止所述绳索从预拉伸状态放松或卸载,所述不可压缩的氨基甲酸乙酯材料要满足如下表格的要求:
Figure FSB00001111326300031
15.根据权利要求14所述的组件,所述升降机带组件是一种负载承载组件。
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