CN1688265A - 用于将有益试剂装入可膨胀医用装置的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于将有益试剂装入可膨胀医用装置的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1688265A
CN1688265A CNA038244780A CN03824478A CN1688265A CN 1688265 A CN1688265 A CN 1688265A CN A038244780 A CNA038244780 A CN A038244780A CN 03824478 A CN03824478 A CN 03824478A CN 1688265 A CN1688265 A CN 1688265A
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beneficial agent
medical apparatus
axle
opening
distributor mechanism
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CN100482186C (zh
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斯蒂芬·亨特·迪亚兹
约翰·F·尚利
基纳姆·帕克
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Microport Cardiovascular LLC
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Conor Medsystems LLC
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于将有益试剂分送到可膨胀医用装置的方法和设备。该方法包括将可膨胀医用装置放置在心轴上的步骤，该医用装置为具有多个开口的圆柱形装置，以及将有益试剂分送到多个开口中的步骤。

Description

用于将有益试剂装入可膨胀医用装置的方法和设备
对相关申请的交叉参考
本申请是2003年5月28日提交的美国用途专利申请第10/447,587号的部分继续申请，将其全部内容结合于此作为参考。
本申请还要求2002年9月20日提交的美国临时专利申请第60/412,489号的优先权，将其全部内容结合于此作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于将有益试剂如药物装入可膨胀医用装置的方法和设备，更具体而言，本发明涉及一种用于将有益试剂分送到可膨胀医用装置(如支架)的方法和设备。
背景技术
可植入医用装置经常被用来在持续时间段内以受控递送速率将有益试剂(如药物)递送到体内的器官或组织。这些装置可以将试剂递送到各种身体系统用以提供各种治疗。
许多已经被用于局部递送有益试剂的可植入医用装置之一是冠状支架。冠状支架通常是经皮引入的、并经腔转移直到定位在所需要的位置。然后机械地扩张这些装置，如通过扩张位于装置内部的心轴或气球，或通过在体内起动后释放所贮存的能量来扩张它们本身。一旦在腔内扩张，这些被称作支架的装置就变成被密封在身体组织内并保持永久植入物的状态。
已知的支架设计包括单丝线螺旋支架(美国专利第4,969,458号)；焊接金属笼(美国专利第4,733,665号和第4,776,337号)；以及，最突出的是，围绕周边形成有轴向槽的薄壁金属圆筒(美国专利第4,733,665号；第4,739,762号；和第4,776,337号)。已知的用于支架的结构材料包括：聚合物；有机织物；以及生物相容性金属，如不锈钢、金、银、钽、钛，和形状记忆合金，如镍钛金属互化物。
在通过支架基局部递送有益试剂而可能出现的许多问题中，最重要的问题之一是再狭窄。再狭窄是主要的并发症，其可以在血管干涉如血管成形术以及植入支架以后产生。简单而言，再狭窄是通过胞外基质沉积、新内膜增生、以及血管平滑肌细胞增殖而减小管腔直径的伤口愈合过程，并且其可以最终导致腔的再狭窄或者甚至是再阻塞。尽管引入了改进的外科技术、装置及药物制剂，但据报道，在血管成形手术后的6至12个月内，总的再狭窄率仍然在25％至50％的范围内。为了治疗这种病症，时常需要另外的血管再造过程，从而增加了对患者的创伤和危险。
在开发中的用来解决再狭窄问题的技术之一是在支架上使用各种有益试剂的表面涂层。例如，美国专利第5,716,981号披露了一种支架，其表面用包括聚合物载体和紫杉醇(paclitaxel)(一种公知化合物，其通常用于治疗癌性肿瘤)的组合物进行涂布。该专利详细描述了用于涂布支架表面的方法，如喷涂以及浸渍，以及所需要的涂层本身的特性：它应该“平滑而均匀地涂布支架”以及“提供抗血管形成因子的均匀的、可预测的延长释放”。然而，表面涂层对有益试剂的释放动力学几乎不能提供实际控制。因为这些涂层必需非常薄，通常为5至8微米深。支架的表面积相对而言非常大，这样全部容积的有益试剂流到周围的组织中的扩散路径非常短。
增加表面涂层的厚度具有改善药物释放动力学的有利效应，其包括能够控制药物的释放并允许增加的药物负荷。然而，增加的涂层厚度导致支架总厚度的增加。这对于以下的多种原因而言是不希望的，包括：在植入期间增加了对管壁的创伤，在植入后减小了腔的流动横截面，以及在扩张和植入期间增加了涂层对机械破坏或损伤的易损性。涂层厚度是影响有益试剂的释放动力学的几个因素之一，而对厚度的限制会限制可以达到的释放速率的范围、药物递送的持续时间等等。
除了低于最适度的释放的情形以外，对于表面涂布的支架还存在另外的问题。经常在装置涂层中使用的固定基质聚合物载体通常在涂层中长时间保留大约30％或更多的有益试剂。因为这些有益试剂往往是高度细胞毒性的，所以会发生亚急性和慢性问题，如慢性炎症、迟发性血栓形成、以及管壁的迟发性或不完全愈合。另外，载体聚合物本身对于管壁组织常常是高度炎性的。另一方面，在支架表面使用的生物可降解聚合物载体可以导致在聚合物载体降解之后在支架和管壁组织之间产生“实际上的间隙”或“空隙”，其允许在支架和相邻组织之间有差动运动。所产生的问题包括微擦伤和炎症、支架偏移、以及不能使管壁的内皮再次愈合。
另一个重大问题是支架的扩张会使叠加的聚合物涂层处于受力状态，从而引起涂层塑性变形或者甚至破裂，其因此会影响药物的释放动力学或具有其他的不良效应。另外，这种涂布支架在粥样硬化性血管中的扩张将对聚合物涂层施加切向剪切力，其可以导致涂层与下面的支架表面分离。这样的分离可再次具有不良效应，包括引起血管梗阻的涂层碎片的栓塞化。
此外，目前不可能用支架涂层递送某些药物，这是由于这些药物对水、其他化合物或体内降解药物的条件的敏感性。例如，当暴露于水中一段时间时，某些药物基本上失去了其所有活性。当所需要的治疗时间显著长于药物在水中的半衰期时，则该药物不能通过已知的涂层来进行递送。当暴露于酶、变化的pH或其他环境条件时，其他药物如蛋白质或肽基治疗试剂，则失去了活性。这些对体内的化合物或状态敏感的药物通常不能利用表面涂层来进行递送。
因此，需要提供一种将有益试剂装入可膨胀医用装置如支架的设备和方法，用于将试剂如药物递送给患者。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种在可膨胀医用装置中装填有益试剂的设备和方法。
根据本发明的一个方面，一种用于将有益试剂分送到可膨胀医用装置的方法，包括以下步骤：将可膨胀医用装置放置在心轴上，该医用装置形成具有多个开口的圆柱形装置；以及将有益试剂分送到多个开口的至少一部分开口中。
根据本发明的另一个方面，一种用于在可膨胀医用装置中装填有益试剂的方法，包括以下步骤：通过分送器将有益试剂分送到可膨胀医用装置的第一开口中；在分送器和可膨胀医用装置之间提供相对移动以使分送器从对准于可膨胀医用装置的第一开口移动到对准于可膨胀医用装置的第二开口；以及将有益试剂分送到可膨胀医用装置的第二开口中。
根据本发明的另外的方面，一种用于在可膨胀医用装置中装填有益试剂的设备，包括：心轴；具有多个开口的可膨胀医用装置，该可膨胀医用装置安装在心轴上；以及分送器，用于将有益试剂分送到可膨胀医用装置的多个开口中。
根据本发明的另外的方面，一种用有益试剂装填支架的方法，包括以下步骤：提供具有多个孔的支架；以及通过压电式微射流将有益试剂分送到多个孔中。
根据本发明的另外的方面，一种用于在医用装置中装填有益试剂的设备，包括：分送器，用于将有益试剂分送到医用装置的多个开口中；观测系统，用于对多个开口进行定位和识别；以及中央处理单元，用于控制将有益试剂分送到医用装置的开口中，其中分送到医用装置的每个开口中的有益试剂的小液滴的量和位置是由中央处理单元基于获自观测系统的信息来确定的。
根据本发明的另一个方面，一种用于控制有益试剂递送到医用装置的多个开口中的系统，包括：观测系统，用于测绘(mapping)医用装置以获得医用装置的多个开口的实际位置；中央处理单元，用于对医用装置的多个开口的实际位置与根据制造说明书的预期位置进行比较；以及分送器，用于将流体有益试剂分送到多个开口中。
根据本发明的另外的方面，一种用于控制将有益试剂递送到开口中的系统，包括：心轴，其具有多个可膨胀医用装置；分送器，用于将第一层和第二层的有益试剂分送到可膨胀医用装置的多个开口中；以及中央处理单元，用于控制将有益试剂分送到可膨胀医用装置的开口中。
根据本发明的另一个方面，一种从心轴移走支架的方法，包括以下步骤：通过将空气注入心轴的至少一部分中来径向扩张支架，用以使心轴膨胀并使支架扩张；紧缩心轴；并使扩张的支架滑动离开心轴。
根据本发明的另外的方面，一种用于给医用装置装填有益试剂的方法，包括以下步骤：设置具有多个孔的医用装置；经过分送器并通过振动分送器的一部分以形成小液滴而将有益试剂分送到多个孔中；以及通过控制振动参数来控制小液滴的大小。
根据本发明的另外的方面，一种用于给医用装置装填有益试剂的方法，包括以下步骤：设置装有治疗剂的医用装置；设置含有有益试剂的分送器，其中有益试剂包括治疗剂和挥发性溶剂；用分送器将有益试剂的小液滴递送到医用装置；以及在递送小液滴期间通过在分送器的出口周围产生蒸发溶剂的云状物(cloud)来抑制挥发性溶剂的蒸发。
根据本发明的另一个方面，一种用有益试剂装填医用装置的系统，包括：心轴，用于支撑医用装置；分送器，用于通过振动分送器的一部分将有益试剂分送到医用装置的多个孔中；以及中央处理单元，用于通过控制振动参数来控制来自分送器的有益试剂小液滴的大小。
附图说明
下面将参照在附图中说明的优选具体实施例来更详细地描述本发明，其中相同的部件具有相同的附图标号，以及其中：
图1是可膨胀支架形式的治疗剂递送装置的立体图。
图2是部分治疗剂递送装置的剖视图，其中在呈层状的开口中含有有益试剂。
图3是用于递送有益试剂的压电式微射流分送器的侧视图。
图4是在心轴上的可膨胀医用装置以及压电式微射流分送器的剖视图。
图5是用有益试剂装填可膨胀医用装置的系统的立体图。
图6是供图5的系统使用的轴承座的立体图。
图7是声学分送器的侧视剖面图，其中声学分送器用于将有益试剂递送到可膨胀医用装置。
图8是可选替换的声学分送器储存器的侧视剖面图。
图9是可选替换的压电式分送器系统的侧视剖面图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种用于将有益试剂装入可膨胀医用装置的方法和设备。更具体而言，本发明涉及一种用于在支架中装填有益试剂的方法和设备。
首先，以下术语，如在本文中所使用的，具有下述含义：
术语“有益试剂”，如在本文所使用的，具有其最广泛的可能的解释，并用来包括：任何治疗剂或药物；以及非活性试剂如阻挡层、载体层、治疗层或保护层。
术语“药物”和“治疗剂”可互换地使用，并指任何治疗性活性物质，其被递送到活体的身体导管以产生所需要的、通常有益的效应。本发明特别适于用于递送抗肿瘤药、生血管因子、免疫抑制药、消炎药和抗增生药(抗再狭窄试剂)如紫杉醇和瑞帕霉素、以及抗凝血酶如肝素。
术语“基质”或“生物相容性基质”可互换地使用，并指介质或材料，在受治疗者中植入后，其并不诱发足以导致排斥基质的有害反应。该基质本身通常并不提供任何治疗反应，虽然该基质可以含有或包裹如在本文中所定义的治疗剂、治疗剂、活化剂、或灭活剂。基质还是一种介质，其可以简单地提供支撑、结构完整性、或结构屏障。该基质可以是聚合物基质、非聚合物基质、疏水基质、亲水基质、亲脂基质、两亲基质以及类似物。
术语“生物可吸收的”是指一种基质，如在本文中所定义的，其可以在与生理环境相互作用以后通过化学或物理方法来加以分解。在超过几分钟至几年的时间段、优选在少于一年后，生物可吸收基质被分解成可代谢或可排泄的成分，而在相同的时间段内其保持任何所必需的结构完整性。
术语“聚合物”是指由两个或多个被称作单体的重复单元经化合所形成的分子。因此，术语“聚合物”可以包括如二聚物、三聚物以及低聚物。该聚合物可以是合成的、天然存在的或半合成的。在优选的形式中，术语“聚合物”是指这样的分子，其MW通常大于约3000，优选大于约10,000，并且其MW小于约1千万，优选小于约1百万，以及更优选小于约200,000。
术语“开口”是指任何形状的孔并且包括通孔和凹口。
具有孔的可植入医用装置
图1示出了根据本发明的以具有较大的不变形支柱(strut)12和连结部(link)14的支架设计形式的医用装置10，就总体来看，其可以包括开口(或孔)20，而没有损害支柱或连结部、或装置的力学性能。不变形支柱12和连结部14可以通过利用有延展性的铰链结构而获得，该有延展性的铰链结构详细描述于美国专利第6,241,762号中，将其全部内容结合于此作为参考。孔20用作将各种有益试剂递送到装置植入部位的较大的保护性储存器。
如图1所示，开口20实际上可以是圆形22、矩形24或D形26，并形成贯穿医用装置10宽度的圆柱形孔、矩形孔或D形孔。应该明了，开口20可以是不偏离本发明的其他形状。
可以利用开口20递送的有益试剂的体积比覆盖具有相同支架/管壁覆盖率的支架的5微米涂层的体积大大约3至10倍。这种大得多的有益试剂容量提供了多种优点。更大的容量可以用来递送多种药物组合物，每种均具有独立的释放外形，从而改善了效力。并且，更大的容量可以用来提供更大量的侵蚀性很小的药物，并达到临床效力而没有更强效药所不希望的副作用，如内皮层的延迟愈合。
图2示出了医用装置10的截面，其中一种或多种有益试剂已装入呈层状的开口20中。产生这类层和层排列的某些方法的实例在于2001年9月7日提交的美国专利申请第09/948,989号中进行了描述，将其全部内容结合于此作为参考。虽然这些层被示为不连续的层，但这些层也可以在递送后混合在一起用以产生具有治疗剂的浓度梯度的有益试剂的嵌体，不过在层之间没有清楚的边界。
根据一个实施例，开口20的总深度为约100微米至约140微米，通常为125微米，而通常的层厚度应是约2微米至约50微米，优选约为12微米。因而每个通常的层分别为施加于表面涂层支架的通常涂层的约两倍厚。在典型的开口中有至少两个，优选为约10至12个这样的层，其中总的有益试剂厚度比典型的表面涂层厚大约25至28倍。根据本发明的一个优选具体实施例，每个开口的面积为至少5×10-6平方英寸，优选至少为7×10-6平方英寸。通常，开口填充有约50％至约75％的有益试剂。
由于每层是独立产生的，因此可以赋予每层以独自的化学组合物和药物动力学性能。将在下面描述可以形成这类层的多种有益的排列中的一些。每层可以包括一种或多种试剂，层与层之间可具有相同或不同的比例。这些层可以是致密的、多孔的，或被充满了其他药物或赋形剂。如上所述，虽然这些层是分别进行沉积的，但它们可以混合以形成在层与层之间没有边界的嵌体。
如图2所示，开口20用有益试剂进行填充。该有益试剂包括阻挡层40、治疗层30及覆盖层50。
可选替换地，不同层可以包括全部不同的治疗剂，从而能够在不同的时间点释放不同的治疗剂。有益试剂的各层提供了能够适合于不同的应用场合的递送外形。这使得根据本发明的医用装置能够用于将不同的有益试剂递送到身体的各种位置。
保护层以覆盖层50的形式被设置在医用装置的组织接触面。覆盖层50可以阻滞或延缓其后各层的生物降解和/或阻滞或延缓有益试剂在那个方向的扩散时间段，其允许医用装置递送到体内所需要的位置。当医用装置10是植入在腔中的支架时，阻挡层40被定位在开口20的侧面，面向腔的内部。阻挡层40防止治疗剂30进入腔内并防止治疗剂被带走而没有被递送到腔组织。
对本领域技术人员而言，结合在这些医用装置中的治疗剂的典型剂型是公知的。
可植入医用装置的应用
虽然本发明已参照支架形式的医用装置进行了描述，但本发明的医用装置也可以是其他形状的医用装置，其对于特殊部位和将药物延时释放递送到身体以及其他器官和组织是有用的。这些药物可以被递送到包括冠状和末梢血管的脉管系统用于各种治疗，并递送到其他体腔。这些药物可以增加腔直径、产生闭塞或用于其他原因的药物递送。
如在本文中所描述的，医用装置和支架对于预防再狭窄的改善，特别是在经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术和管腔内支架放置以后，是有益的。除了抗再狭窄试剂的定时或持续释放以外，其他试剂如消炎药可以加入到多层中，其被结合到装置内的多个孔中。这便于对特殊部位的治疗或预防任何通常伴随支架放置而产生的并发症，已知其在放置之后会发生在非常特定的时间。
用于在医用装置中装填有益试剂的方法和系统
图3示出了压电式微射流分送器100，其用来将有益试剂分送到医用装置的开口中。该分送器100包括：具有流体出口或孔口102的毛细管108、流体入口104及电缆106。压电式分送器100优选包括在外壳112内的压电晶体110，其用于通过孔口102分送流体小液滴。晶体110包围毛细管108的一部分并接受引起晶体振动的电荷。当晶体向内振动时，它迫使微量的流体从管108的流体出口102流出以充满医用装置中的开口20。此外，当晶体向外振动时，晶体将另外的流体从连接于入口104的流体储存器引入到管108中以便替换已经分送到医用装置开口中的流体。
在如图3所示的一个具体实施例中，微射流分送器100包括环形压电(PZT)调节器110，其被粘结到玻璃毛细管108。该玻璃毛细管108在一端被连接到流体供应部(未示出)，并在另一端具有出口102，其通常在约.5至约150微米的范围内，更优选为约30至约60微米。当将电压施加于PZT调节器时，玻璃毛细管108的截面被减小/增加，从而封装在玻璃毛细管108内的流体会发生压力变化。这些压力变化在玻璃毛细管108中向着出口102传播。在出口102处截面(声阻抗)的突然变化会导致形成小液滴。产生小液滴的这种方式通常被称作在需要时滴落(DOD)。
在操作中，取决于流体的粘度和接触角，微射流分送器100在流体入口104处可能需要正压力或负压力。通常，有两种方法用来在流体入口104处提供压力。首先，在流体入口104处的压力可以通过定位流体供应储存器由正压头或负压头来提供。例如，如果仅在分送器100上方几毫米处安装流体储存器，则将提供恒定正压力。然而，如果在分送器100下方几毫米处安装流体储存器，则出口102将获得负压力。
可选替换地，利用现有的压缩空气或真空源可以调节入口104处的流体压力。例如，通过在流体源和分送器100之间插入压力真空调节器，则可以调节压力以提供到分送器100的恒定压力流。
此外，通过分送器100可以分送包括有益试剂在内的各式各样的流体。这些由分送器100递送的流体优选具有不大于约40厘泊的粘度。分送器100的小液滴的体积是流体、出口102的直径及调节器驱动参数(电压和定时)的函数，并且通常每个小液滴在从约50皮升到约200皮升的范围内。如果需要连续产生小液滴，则可以对流体加压并对调节器施加正弦信号以提供流体的连续喷射。取决于所分送的有益试剂，每个小液滴可以看起来更像细丝。
应该明了，可以使用其他的流体分送装置而不偏离本发明。在一个具体实施例中，分送器是由MicroFab Technologies公司(Plano，Texas)制造的压电式微射流装置。分送器的其他实例将在下面根据图7-9来进行讨论。
电缆106优选连接于相关的驱动电子设备(未示出)，用于提供脉冲电信号。该电缆106提供电信号用以通过引起晶体振动来控制流体通过分送器100的分送。
图4示出了支架140形式的可膨胀医用装置，其从压电式微射流分送器100接受有益试剂的小液滴120。支架140优选被安装到心轴160上。支架140可以被设计成具有较大的不变形支柱和连结部(如图1所示)，就总体来看，其包括多个开口142而没有损害支柱或连结部、或装置的力学性能。开口142作为用于将各种有益试剂递送到装置植入部位的较大的保护性的储存器。开口142实际上可以是圆形、矩形或D形并形成贯穿支架140宽度的圆柱形、矩形或D形孔。此外，也可以使用深度小于支架140厚度的开口142。应该明了，可以使用其他形状的孔142而不偏离本发明。
孔142的容积将随孔142的形状和大小而变化。例如，宽度为0.1520mm(0.006英寸)以及高度为0.1270mm(0.005英寸)的矩形开口142将具有约2.22纳升的容积。同时，半径为0.0699mm(0.00275英寸)的圆形开口将具有约1.87纳升的容积。沿D的直线部分宽度为0.1520mm(0.006英寸)的D形开口具有约2.68纳升的容积。根据一个实施例的开口深度约为0.1346mm(0.0053英寸)，由于激光切割其具有轻微的圆锥形状。
虽然组织支撑装置的构造已经示于图1中，其包括延展性铰链，但应当明了，有益试剂可以包含在支架的开口中，其中支架具有各种设计，包括已知的支架的许多设计。
心轴160可以包括被弹性或类似橡胶的材料的外护层164密封的金属丝构件162。该金属丝构件162可以由具有圆形截面的金属线或金属丝所形成。优选地，该金属线或金属丝选自一组金属线或金属丝，其包括镍钛金属互化物、不锈钢、钨、镍或其他具有类似特性和性能的金属。
在一个实施例中，金属丝构件162具有在约0.889mm(0.035英寸)和约0.991mm(0.039英寸)之间的外径，供外径为约3mm(0.118英寸)及总长度为约17mm(0.669英寸)的圆柱或可植入管状装置使用。可以理解，金属丝构件162的外径将随可膨胀医用装置140的大小和形状而变化。
用于外护层164的类似橡胶的材料的实例包括硅氧烷、聚合物材料如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、乙烯基乙酸乙酯(EVA)、聚氨基甲酸酯、聚酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)，及其混合物和共聚物。然而，可以理解，可以用来用作外护层164的其他材料，包括本领域技术人员公知的那些类似橡胶的材料。
在一个具体实施例中，金属丝构件162被密封在内径约为0.635mm(0.25英寸)的管状外护层164中。通过使管状构件膨胀用以增加到大于金属丝构件162的外径的尺寸，可以将外护层164安装在金属丝构件162之上。可以利用本领域技术人员公知的气压装置来使管状构件膨胀。通过在金属丝构件162的上方轻松地移动硅制成的外护层164，可以将金属丝构件162放置在外护层164内部。然而，应该明了，通过本领域技术人员公知的任何方法，都可以将金属丝构件162密封在硅或其他类似橡胶的材料的外护层中。
在装填直径约为3mm(0.118英寸)和及长度约为17mm(0.669英寸)的支架的一个具体实施例中，选择外径为0.939mm(0.037英寸)的金属丝构件162。在一个实施例中，金属丝构件162的长度约为304.8mm(12英寸)。外护层164具有约为0.635mm(0.025英寸)的内径。
然后用本领域技术人员公知的任意方法将可膨胀医用装置或支架140装到心轴160上。在一个具体实施例中，支架140和心轴160被浸入大量的润滑剂中用以润滑支架140和心轴160。然后将支架140装到心轴160上。干燥支架140和心轴160使得支架140基本上牢固地安装在心轴160上。可选替换地，或除了干燥以外，可以通过本领域技术人员公知的方法将支架140卷绕(crimp)到心轴160之上。该卷绕确保在测绘或填充开口期间支架140将不会移动或旋转。
图5示出了用于在可膨胀医用装置中装填有益试剂的系统200。该系统200包括：分送器210，用于将有益试剂分送到可膨胀医用装置的开口中；有益试剂的储存器218；至少一个观测系统220；以及心轴230，具有多个固定到心轴230上的可膨胀医用装置232。该系统200还包括：多个轴承座240，用于支撑旋转的心轴230；沿着可膨胀医用装置232的圆柱轴用于旋转和移动心轴的装置250；监视器260；以及中央处理单元(CPU)270。
分送器210优选为压电式分送器，用于将有益试剂分送到医用装置232的开口中。该分送器210具有流体出口或孔口212、流体入口214及电缆216。压电式分送器200通过出口212分送流体小液滴。
至少一个观测系统220用来观测小液滴的形成和相对于医用装置232的多个开口而言分送器210的定位。该观测系统220可以包括电荷耦合器件(CCD)摄像机(照像机)。在一个具体实施例中，至少两个CCD摄像机用于填充过程中。第一摄像机可以位于微射流分送器210之上并观测医用装置232的填充。第一摄像机还用于心轴230的测绘，如下所述。第二摄像机优选位于微射流分送器210的侧面并从侧面或垂直视野观测微射流分送器210。第二摄像机优选用来在用有益试剂装填医用装置232之前在分送器的定位期间观察微射流分送器。然而，应当明了，观测系统220可以包括任意数目的观察系统，其包括照相机或摄像机、显微镜、激光器、机器视觉系统或本领域技术人员公知的其他装置。例如，光束的折射可以用来对来自分送器的小液滴进行计数。监视器的总放大率应在50至100倍的范围内。
在一个具体实施例中，具有PZT脉冲的LED同步光224为系统200提供照明。PZT脉冲和LED脉冲之间的延迟是可调节的，从而允许在显影的不同阶段记录小液滴的形成。该观测系统220还用来测绘心轴230和医用装置232，以便装填开口。在一个具体实施例中，利用漫射荧光照明系统而不是利用LED同步光224来进行照明。应当明了，可以使用其他照明系统而不偏离本发明。
如上所述，将多个可膨胀医用装置232安装到心轴230上。例如，长度约为12英寸的心轴可以容纳每个长度约为17mm的支架约11个。每个心轴230用条形码234进行标记以保证每个心轴是被适当标识、测绘的，并且满足于所需要的技术规格。
将心轴230定位在多个轴承座240上。如图6所示，轴承座240的一个实例具有V形凹槽242。将心轴230定位在V形凹槽242内并利用一个夹子244加以固定。该夹子244优选为螺旋弹簧，然而，可以使用其他将心轴固定在V形凹槽内的装置，其包括任何类型的夹子或固定装置。轴承座240可以用金属材料构成，优选不同于心轴金属丝，如不锈钢、铜、黄铜或铁。
将心轴230连接到用于沿着医用装置232的圆柱轴旋转和移动心轴的装置250。用于旋转和移动心轴的装置250可以是任何类型的电动机或组合、或本领域技术人员已知的其他系统。
在一个具体实施例中，将心轴250和医用装置232从第一位置移到第二位置以便用有益试剂填充医用装置232的开口。在可选替换的具体实施例中，该系统进一步包括用于沿着医用装置232的圆柱轴将分送系统从第一位置移到第二位置的装置。
监视器260优选用来观测用有益试剂对医用装置232的装填。应当明了，可以使用任何类型的监视器或其他用来观测测绘和装填过程的装置。
中央处理单元270(或CPU)对用有益试剂来对医用装置232的装填进行控制。CPU 270对用于分送有益试剂的医用装置232的信息提供处理。最初用制造技术规格对CPU 270进行编制程序，其中制造技术规格是关于在医用装置232中的开口的大小、形状及排列。键盘272优选用来帮助CPU 270的加载并用于输入与装填过程有关的信息。
优选将医用装置232固定到心轴230上，并在装填过程之前对其进行测绘。测绘过程使得观测系统和相关的控制系统可以确定每个开口的精确位置，这是由于将医用装置装到心轴上具有不精确性，在装置和装置以及心轴和心轴之间，开口的位置会发生轻微的变化。然后，将每个开口的精确位置进行保存，作为特定心轴的特定信息(map)。对心轴230的测绘优选利用观测系统来进行，以确定位于心轴230上的每个医用装置232的开口的大小、形状及排列。一旦对包括多个医用装置232的心轴230进行测绘之后，就将测绘结果与制造技术规格进行比较用以为分送器提供调节，从而正确地将有益试剂分送到医用装置232的每个孔中。
在可选替换的具体实施例中，心轴230的测绘是基于对开口与开口的比较来进行的。在操作中，观测系统对医用装置的第一开口进行测绘，然后将测绘结果与制造技术规格进行比较。如果第一开口如制造技术规格所规定的那样进行定位，则无需进行调节。然而，如果第一开口并没有如制造技术规格所规定的那样进行定位，则对调节进行记录并在分送过程中进行调节以校正位置，其不同于如在制造技术规格中所规定的位置。对医用装置的每个开口重复进行测绘直到对每个医用装置232都已经进行过测绘。此外，在一个具体实施例中，如果对一个开口进行了测绘，并且该开口是依据制造技术规格来进行定位的，则可以将测绘过程设计成每隔一个开口进行测绘或跳过任意数目的开口而没有偏离本发明。
在已经对心轴进行了测绘以后，基于制造者的技术规格和来自于测绘结果的调节，用有益试剂填充医用装置232。CPU为每个医用装置232的填充提供编程数据。这些编程数据包括医用装置的设计代码、创建的日期、正创建的批号、位于心轴上的医用装置232的数目、在医用装置232中每个开口的容积、要装填的或分送到医用装置232的开口中的不同的有益试剂、层的数目、对每层的干燥/烘烤时间以及任何其他数据。
在一个具体实施例中，医用装置232将具有至少10个要填充的有益试剂层，其包括至少一个阻挡层、至少一个具有有益试剂的治疗层及至少一个覆盖层。有益试剂层可以包括这样的各层，其在下述方面是不同的：即，药物或治疗剂的每个溶液的浓度和强度、聚合物的量、以及溶剂的量是不同的。
在操作中，在填充过程开始之前，操作者将心轴的条形码234输入或扫描进CPU 270。最初的填充通常包括聚合物和溶剂的混合物用以产生阻挡层。每个开口通常被填充到容量的约80％，然后将心轴从系统移走并放入烘箱中进行烘烤。在烘烤过程中会从开口蒸发出液体部分或溶剂，从而留下固体层。通常在约55℃下将心轴烘烤约60±5分钟。为了帮助预防错误，CPU软件接受心轴的条形码并且将不会开始填充第二层直到上次填充后至少60分钟。然后以与第一层相同的方式填充第二层和其后的层直到将开口填充到所需要的容量。储存器218也可以被给予条形码以标识在储存器中的溶液。
通过对监视器270的人工观测或借助于接受自观测系统并传送到CPU的数据，观测系统220也可以验证分送器210正将有益试剂分送到开口中，从而证实有益试剂被分送到医用装置232的开口中。可选替换地，可以用光束的折射来对高速分送的小液滴进行计数。
分送器100一次可以非常稳定地运行几小时，但每天都会发生漂移。并且，波形任何较小的变化都将改变液滴的大小。因此，通过将已知量的液滴射入杯中，然后测量在杯中的药物量，就可以校正分送器100的输出量。可选替换地，可以将分送器100对已知容积的杯中进行射入，并且可以对恰好充满该杯所需要的液滴数目进行计数。
在填充医用装置232的开口时，微射流分送器100将多个小液滴分送到开口中。在一个优选具体实施例中，通过约40微米的微射流分送器，分送器每秒可以进行3000次分送的射流(shots)。然而，取决于需要填充的量，优选每个孔以约8至20次的射流来分送小液滴。通过沿着医用装置232的水平轴行进，微射流分送器来填充每个孔(或所需要的多个孔)。CPU 270接通和关闭分送器100用以填充开口而基本上没有将液体分送到医用装置上的开口之间。一旦分送器已将到达医用装置232的一端以后，用于旋转心轴的装置则旋转心轴并沿着水平轴进行医用装置232的第二次通过。在一个具体实施例中，医用装置232是直径约为3mm而长度约为17mm的支架，并且可以用约6次通过来充满。一旦医用装置232被充满，分送器210就移动到下一个医用装置232，其以相同方式来进行填充。
通过将安全系数加入到填充过程中，CPU 270可以保证精确地对心轴进行填充。它还表明，通过利用微射流分送器来填充开口，所使用的药物或治疗剂的量显著少于利用先前的已知方法(包括喷涂或浸涂)涂布医用装置232所使用的量。此外，相对于其他已知方法而言，有益试剂的微射流可以通过使工作人员暴露于更显著少量的药物中而提供改善的工作环境。
系统200还包括电源290，其给压电式微射流分送器210供电。
通过将医用装置膨胀并使它们滑动离开心轴就可以将医用装置232从心轴上移走。在一个实施例中，通过在金属丝构件162的外径和外护层的内径之间注入大量的空气就可以将支架从心轴上移走。气压引起医用装置232膨胀使得该医用装置232的内径大于心轴的外径。在一个具体实施例中，将模具(die)放置在心轴的周围用以限制医用装置232随着在金属丝构件162的外径和外护层164的内径之间的气压而膨胀。该模具可以用不锈钢或塑料构成以使医用装置232在从心轴移走期间不会受到损坏。此外，在优选的具体实施例中，从心轴一次移走四个医用装置232。12英寸的心轴将容纳约11个具有约为597个开口的3mm×17mm的医用装置。
图7示出了分送器300的一个具体实施例，其通过声学小液滴喷射来精确地递送小液滴。该分送器300包括与可更换流体储存器320结合在一起的声能换能器310。该分送器300从储存器320中的液体表面精确地将纳升或皮升小液滴释放到定位在小液滴通道上的医用装置140的开口中。
分送器300是通过透镜将来自换能器310的声能聚焦到储存器320中的液体表面上来进行操作的。然后，流体在表面产生凸起(mound)，其喷出和释放大小和轨迹受控的小液滴。用于聚焦声能的系统的一个实例在美国专利第6,548,308号中进行了描述，将其全部内容结合于此作为参考。可以移动医用装置140和心轴164或者也可以移动分送器300用以精确地控制将小液滴分送到医用装置的开口中。
使用声学分送器300的某些优点包括：能够递送更加粘稠的流体，并且能够递送包含溶剂的挥发性流体。例如，由分送器300递送的流体可以具有大于约40厘泊的粘度。递送更加粘稠的材料使得在要递送的流体中可以使用更高的固体含量，因而会使用更少的层。当使用分送器300时，小液滴的容积是流体和换能器驱动参数的函数，并且其可以在每个小液滴约1皮升至约50纳升的范围内。
分送器300还具有在分送的多种液体之间进行简单而快速转换的优点，这是因为储存器是自持的，并且其多个部件不需要清洗。此外，当在多种药物之间切换时，其不会发生药物的损失。
声学分送器300以直线轨迹递送小液滴，而没有来自于储存器320侧壁的干扰。流体小液滴的直线轨迹使得分送器300可以精确地操作，并与医用装置隔开从而得到改良的目测观察。
图8示出了用于声学分送器的储存器400的可选替换的具体实施例，其可以递送含有挥发性溶剂的组合物。储存器400包括在流体室420上方的蒸汽室410。蒸汽室410中保留蒸发的溶剂蒸汽，并通过在液体表面提供高浓度的溶剂蒸汽来降低挥发性溶剂的快速蒸发速率。
图9的分送器500使用溶剂云状物形成系统以便用在分送的流体中所使用的相同溶剂的云状物来包围(如图3的压电式分送器)分送器端部510，从而减少溶剂蒸发和分送器端部的晃动。在图9的实施例中，溶剂云状物是由多孔材料(如多孔金属)环520所产生的，通过多孔材料并借助进料管线530则可以从辅助溶剂源递送溶剂。蒸发自多孔材料环520的溶剂产生溶剂云状物，直接包围分送器端部。在分送器端部周围的溶剂云状物的产生可以降低分送器端部附近的溶剂蒸汽浓度差异。降低此差异将增加分送器可以闲置的时间，而没有由于溶剂蒸发所形成的阻塞。这改善了过程的稳定性(robustness)。
实施例1
在下面的实施例中，以下缩写词具有下述含义。如果缩写词未加定义，则它具有其通常被接受的含义。
DMSO＝二甲基亚砜
IV＝特性粘度
PLGA＝丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物
                          表I
     溶液    药物      聚合物      溶剂
    A   无     4％的PLGA50/50IV＝0.82     DMSO
    DA   0.64％的紫杉醇     8％的PLGA50/50IV＝0.59     DMSO
    DA   0.64％的紫杉醇     8％的PLGA50/50IV＝0.60     DMSO
    DD   0.14％的紫杉醇     8％的PLGA50/50IV＝0.59     DMSO
    L   无     8％的PLGA50/50IV＝0.59     DMSO
                   表II
     层号      溶液      层号，此溶液
    1     A     1
    2     A     2
    3     A     3
    4     A     4
    5     A     5
    6     A     6
    7     A     7
    8     A     8
    9     A     9
    10     DA     1
    11     DA     2
    12     DD     1
    13     L     1
将每个心轴的多个医用装置，优选11个医用装置，放置在一系列心轴上。每个心轴用唯一的标记进行条形码化，其至少对医用装置的类型、要装填到医用装置开口中的有益试剂的各层及用于每个心轴的特定标识进行识别。将条形码信息和测绘结果存储在用于支架装填的CPU中。
制备丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物(PLGA)(Birmingham Polymers公司)和适宜溶剂如DMSO的第一混合物。通过小液滴将该混合物装填到支架的多个孔中。然后，优选在55℃的温度下烘烤支架约60分钟用以蒸发溶剂从而形成阻挡层。通过将聚合物溶液填充到开口中的相同的方法用第二层覆盖第一层，继之以溶剂蒸发。继续该过程直到9个独自的层已经装填到医用装置的开口中用以形成阻挡层。
紫杉醇、PLGA及适宜溶剂如DMSO的第二混合物，其形成治疗层，然后将其引入到在阻挡层上方的医用装置的开口中。蒸发溶剂用以形成填充药物的保护层，并且重复填充和蒸发步骤直到已经将所需要量的紫杉醇加入到医用装置的开口中。
然后，将PLGA和DMSO的第三混合物引入到在治疗剂上方的开口中用以形成覆盖层。蒸发溶剂，并且重复填充和蒸发步骤直到已经将覆盖层加到医用装置，在此具体实施例中，已经加入了单个覆盖层。
为了提供具有所需要溶液的有益试剂的多个层，可以更换储存器并清洗压电式微射流分送器。更换储存器和清洗分送器(如果需要的话)可以保证不同的有益试剂层具有所需要的溶液，其包括适当量的药物、溶剂及聚合物。
在体内植入经填充的医用装置以后，PLGA聚合物经过水解作用被降解并释放出紫杉醇。
虽然本发明根据其优选的具体实施例进行了详细描述，但是显而易见，对于本领域技术人员来说，可以对上述实施方案进行各种改变和变更并采用等同替换，而不偏离本发明。

Claims (90)

1.一种用于将有益试剂分送到可膨胀医用装置中的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
在心轴上放置可膨胀医用装置，所述医用装置形成具有多个开口的圆柱形装置；以及
将有益试剂分送到所述多个开口中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括用压电式微射流分送器分送所述有益试剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，进一步包括将所述分送器从第一位置移动到第二位置以便用所述有益试剂填充所述医用装置的所述多个开口。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，进一步包括将所述心轴从第一位置移动到第二位置以便用所述有益试剂填充所述医用装置的所述多个开口。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括旋转所述心轴以便用所述有益试剂填充所述多个开口。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述多个开口具有不同容积，并且所分送的有益试剂的量是基于所述开口的大小而加以调节的。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括基于先前分送到所述开口中的有益试剂的量来调节分送到所述开口中的有益试剂的量。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述医用装置是可膨胀管腔内假体。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述医用装置是支架。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述心轴包括弹性外表面，所述弹性外表面密封所述开口的底面。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括在分送前将所述有益试剂溶解在溶剂中。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述有益试剂包括药物。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括用包括基质材料的阻挡层填充所述多个开口。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括用包括生物可吸收基质的保护层填充所述多个开口。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括润滑所述医用装置和所述心轴并将所述圆柱形装置滑动到所述心轴上。
16.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括在所述心轴上测绘所述医用装置，以获得包括所述开口位置的所述医用装置的实际技术规格。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中，所述测绘是通过摄像机进行的。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中，所述测绘是通过机器视觉系统进行的。
19.根据权利要求16所述的方法，进一步包括在中央处理器上存储来自所述医用装置的所述测绘的多个坐标。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，进一步包括向所述中央处理器提供来自所述医用装置的制造技术规格的多个坐标。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法，进一步包括将所述实际技术规格的多个坐标与来自所述医用装置的所述制造技术规格的多个坐标进行比较。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法，进一步包括基于一系列调节来对所述有益试剂的分送进行调节，所述系列调节包括将所述实际技术规格的多个坐标与来自所述制造技术规格的多个坐标进行比较。
23.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括观测系统，其用于观测将所述有益试剂分送到多个开口中。
24.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括观测系统，其用于测绘在所述心轴上的医用装置。
25.根据权利要求11所述的方法，进一步包括干燥所述心轴以蒸发所述溶剂，然后将另外的有益试剂分送到所述多个开口中。
26.根据权利要求11所述的方法，进一步包括烘烤所述心轴以蒸发所述溶剂，然后将另外的有益试剂分送到所述多个开口中。
27.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括验证所述有益试剂分送到所述医用装置的多个开口中。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法，其中，所述验证步骤是利用折射光束来进行的。
29.根据权利要求27所述的方法，其中，所述验证步骤是利用摄像机来进行的。
30.根据权利要求10所述的方法，进一步包括通过使所述心轴的弹性外表面膨胀而从所述心轴除去所述圆柱形装置。
31.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括多个轴承座，所述多个轴承座提供用于支撑所述心轴的装置。
32.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括重复所述有益试剂的分送直到在所述可膨胀医用装置中的多个开口已经用所述有益试剂充满。
33.一种用于在可膨胀医用装置中装填有益试剂的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
通过分送器将有益试剂分送到可膨胀医用装置的第一开口中；
在所述分送器和所述可膨胀医用装置之间提供相对移动以使所述分送器从对准于所述可膨胀医用装置中的第一开口移动到对准于所述可膨胀医用装置中的第二开口；以及
将所述有益试剂分送到所述可膨胀医用装置中的第二开口中。
34.根据权利要求33所述的方法，进一步包括重复在所述分送器和可膨胀医用装置之间的所述相对移动，以及分送所述有益试剂直到在所述可膨胀医用装置中的多个开口已经用所述有益试剂充满。
35.根据权利要求33所述的方法，进一步包括基于每个所述开口的形状来调节分送到每个所述开口中的有益试剂的量。
36.根据权利要求33所述的方法，进一步包括基于每个所述开口的容积或所述开口的预编程序模式来调节分送到每个所述开口中的有益试剂的量。
37.根据权利要求33所述的方法，其中，所述可膨胀医用装置是可膨胀管腔内假体。
38.根据权利要求33所述的方法，其中所述可膨胀医用装置是支架。
39.根据权利要求33所述的方法，进一步包括在分送前在溶剂中溶解所述有益试剂。
40.根据权利要求33所述的方法，进一步包括测绘在所述心轴上的所述可膨胀医用装置以获得包括所述开口位置的所述医用装置的实际技术规格。
41.根据权利要求40所述的方法，进一步包括将所述实际技术规格的多个坐标与来自所述制造技术规格的多个坐标进行比较。
42.根据权利要求41所述的方法，进一步包括基于一系列调节来对所述有益试剂的分送进行调节，所述系列调节包括将所述实际技术规格的多个坐标与来自所述制造技术规格的多个坐标进行比较。
43.根据权利要求33所述的方法，进一步包括观测系统以便对将所述有益试剂分送到所述多个开口中的步骤进行观测。
44.根据权利要求33所述的方法，进一步包括在分送以前阻塞所述开口的底面的步骤。
45.一种用于在可膨胀医用装置中装填有益试剂的设备，所述设备包括：
心轴；
可膨胀医用装置，具有多个开口，所述可膨胀医用装置被安装在所述心轴上；以及
分送器，被构造成可将有益试剂分送到所述可膨胀医用装置的所述多个开口中。
46.根据权利要求45所述的设备，进一步包括用于接收所述心轴的多个轴承座。
47.根据权利要求45所述的设备，进一步包括中央处理器，用于对将所述有益试剂分送到所述可膨胀医用装置的开口中进行控制。
48.根据权利要求45所述的设备，进一步包括观测系统，用于将所述有益试剂分送到所述可膨胀医用装置的多个开口中。
49.根据权利要求48所述的设备，其中，所述观测系统用来测绘所述心轴，所述心轴包括固定于其上的多个可膨胀医用装置。
50.根据权利要求48所述的设备，进一步包括监视器，用于对将所述有益试剂分送到所述可膨胀医用装置的多个开口中进行观测。
51.根据权利要求45所述的设备，其中，所述心轴的外表面用类似橡胶的材料密封。
52.根据权利要求45所述的设备，其中，所述有益试剂包括溶剂。
53.根据权利要求45所述的设备，其中，所述分送器利用振动以便在需要时分送滴剂。
54.根据权利要求53所述的设备，其中，所述分送器是压电式微射流分送器。
55.根据权利要求53所述的设备，其中，所述分送器是声学射流装置。
56.根据权利要求45所述的设备，其中，所述医用装置是可膨胀管腔内假体。
57.根据权利要求45所述的设备，其中，所述医用装置是支架。
58.一种用有益试剂装填支架的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
提供具有多个孔的支架；以及
通过压电式微射流分送器将有益试剂分送到所述多个孔中。
59.根据权利要求58所述的方法，进一步包括在心轴上设置所述支架并用弹性材料密封所述心轴。
60.一种用于在具有多个开口的医用装置中装填有益试剂的设备，所述设备包括：
分送器，用于将有益试剂分送到所述医用装置的多个开口中；
观测系统，用于定位和识别所述多个开口；以及
中央处理单元，用于对将所述有益试剂分送到所述医用装置的开口中进行控制，其中分送到所述医用装置的每个开口中的有益试剂小液滴的量和位置是由所述中央处理单元基于获自所述观测系统的信息而加以确定的。
61.根据权利要求60所述的设备，进一步包括用于安装多个医用装置的心轴。
62.根据权利要求61所述的设备，其中，所述心轴包括弹性外表面，所述弹性外表面密封所述开口的底面。
63.根据权利要求60所述的设备，其中，所述多个开口具有不同的容积并且分送的有益试剂的量是基于所述开口的容积来加以调节的。
64.根据权利要求60所述的设备，其中，所述有益试剂包括药物。
65.一种用于控制将有益试剂递送到医用装置的多个开口中的系统，所述系统包括：
观测系统，用于测绘医用装置以获得所述医用装置的多个开口的实际位置；
中央处理单元，用于对所述医用装置的所述多个开口的实际位置与根据制造技术条件预期的位置进行比较；以及
分送器，用于将流体的有益试剂分送到所述多个开口中。
66.根据权利要求65所述的系统，其中，所述中央处理单元基于逐个开口比较来对所述医用装置的实际位置与所述医用装置的制造技术规格进行比较。
67.根据权利要求65所述的系统，其中，所述中央处理单元基于逐个医用装置比较来对所述医用装置的实际位置与所述医用装置的制造技术规格进行比较。
68.根据权利要求65所述的系统，其中，所述医用装置位于心轴上。
69.根据权利要求65所述的系统，其中，所述流体的有益试剂是以小液滴形式来进行递送的。
70.根据权利要求65所述的系统，进一步包括电动机，所述电动机在所述分送器和所述医用装置之间提供相对移动，以使所述分送器从对准于所述医用装置的第一开口移动到对准于所述医用装置的第二开口。
71.根据权利要求65所述的系统，其中，所述医用装置是可膨胀管腔内假体。
72.根据权利要求65所述的系统，其中，所述医用装置是支架。
73.一种用于控制有益试剂递送到开口中的系统，所述系统包括：
心轴，具有多个可膨胀医用装置；
分送器，用于将第一层和第二层有益试剂分送到在所述可膨胀医用装置中的多个开口中；以及
中央处理单元，用于对将所述有益试剂分送到在所述可膨胀医用装置中的开口中进行控制。
74.根据权利要求73所述的系统，其中，所述心轴包括弹性外表面，所述弹性外表面密封所述开口的底面。
75.根据权利要求73所述的系统，其中，所述多个开口具有不同的容积并且分送的有益试剂的量是基于所述开口的所述容积来进行调节的。
76.根据权利要求73所述的系统，其中，所述有益试剂包括药物。
77.一种从心轴除去支架的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
通过将空气注入到所述心轴的至少一部分中以使所述心轴膨胀并扩张所述支架来径向扩张所述支架；
收缩所述心轴；以及
使扩张的支架滑动离开所述心轴。
78.根据权利要求77所述的方法，其中，所述支架在所述心轴的膨胀期间在径向上受到模具的约束以防止过度扩张。
79.一种用有益试剂装填医用装置的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
设置具有多个孔的医用装置；
通过使分送器的一部分进行振动以形成小液滴而经过分送器将有益试剂分送到所述多个孔中；以及
通过控制所述振动的参数来控制所述小液滴的大小。
80.根据权利要求79所述的方法，进一步包括用中央处理单元控制所述小液滴的数目和位置。
81.根据权利要求80所述的方法，进一步包括对所述有益试剂的分送进行观测并将观测数据返回到所述中央处理单元，用于控制所述小液滴的位置。
82.根据权利要求79所述的方法，其中，所述分送器利用压电材料的振动。
83.根据权利要求79所述的方法，其中，所述分送器利用声学换能器的振动。
84.一种用有益试剂装填医用装置的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
设置装有治疗试剂的医用装置；
设置含有有益试剂的分送器，其中所述有益试剂包括治疗试剂和挥发性溶剂；
用所述分送器将所述有益试剂的小液滴递送到所述医用装置；以及
通过在所述分送器的出口周围产生蒸发的溶剂的云状物以便在递送所述小液滴期间抑制所述挥发性溶剂的蒸发。
85.根据权利要求84所述的方法，其中，所述云状物是通过抑制挥发性溶剂从所述有益试剂蒸发而形成的。
86.根据权利要求84所述的方法，其中，所述云状物是在所述出口周围通过递送来自辅助溶剂源的挥发性溶剂而产生的。
87.一种用有益试剂装填医用装置的系统，所述系统包括：
心轴，用于支撑医用装置；
分送器，用于通过所述分送器的一部分的振动将有益试剂分送到在所述医用装置中的多个孔中；以及
中央处理单元，用于通过控制所述振动的参数来控制来自所述分送器的有益试剂小液滴的大小。
88.根据权利要求87所述的系统，其中，所述中央处理单元对所述小液滴的数目和位置进行控制。
89.根据权利要求87所述的系统，其中，所述分送器利用压电材料的振动。
90.根据权利要求87所述的系统，其中，所述分送器利用声学换能器的振动。
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