CN1721012A - 带有高纵横比铁氧体磁芯的经皮能量传递初级线圈 - Google Patents

带有高纵横比铁氧体磁芯的经皮能量传递初级线圈 Download PDF

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CN1721012A
CN1721012A CNA2005100796572A CN200510079657A CN1721012A CN 1721012 A CN1721012 A CN 1721012A CN A2005100796572 A CNA2005100796572 A CN A2005100796572A CN 200510079657 A CN200510079657 A CN 200510079657A CN 1721012 A CN1721012 A CN 1721012A
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transmission device
energy transmission
coil
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詹姆斯·R·乔达诺
小丹尼尔·F·德卢高斯
小威廉·L·哈斯勒
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
Ethicon Endo Surgery LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
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Abstract

可调式束胃带植入体包括弹性空囊，具有固定端点，恰在食管－胃连接处下方环绕患者的胃。通过向囊中引入盐水溶液，这些囊能够膨胀和收缩。在现有的束胃带中，这种盐水溶液必须用针头注射到皮下口中，以到达位于皮肤表面以下的注射口。该注射口通过导管与束胃带液压连通。作为使用经皮可达的注射口的一个备选方案，整体植入的用来调节盐水流动的一个系统可能依靠从植入装置双向泵送流体。该系统代之以将交流磁通能量从外部初级线圈传递给次级线圈，该次级线圈为植入的储能器中的泵供电。位于初级线圈中心的磁导棒增强了与次级线圈耦合的功率。

Description

带有高纵横比铁氧体磁芯的经皮能量传递初级线圈
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及接收经皮能量传递(TET)的医疗可植入式装置，更具体而言，涉及优化功率传递(power transfer)的这种植入装置。
背景技术
在TET系统中，电源与位于身体边界如人体皮肤以外的初级线圈电连接。次级线圈位于边界的另一侧，如体内。使用皮下装置，初级线圈和次级线圈通常紧贴皮肤的外层和内层放置。能量以交变磁场的形式从初级线圈传递给次级线圈。次级线圈将交流磁场中传递的能量转化为用于植入装置的功率，该植入装置作为次级线圈上的负载。
在TET系统中，初级线圈和次级线圈被置于边界或皮肤的分开的侧面上。这种分开通常导致线圈之间相对距离和空间定向的变化。间距的变化可能导致到达次级线圈的交流磁场强度的改变，从而导致植入装置功率波动及电涌(surge)。植入装置，例如医疗应用中使用的植入装置，通常依靠微控制器行使不同的功能。这些微控制器需要稳定的、可靠的电源。供电的变化，如电压或电流电平突然改变，可能使装置不稳定地工作或者根本不能工作。因此，与传统TET系统有关的一个问题是初级线圈或次级线圈相对于最佳耦合位置的物理位移可能对供给植入装置的输出功率造成不可接受的影响。
可能受益于使用TET的可植入式装置的一个实例是一种人造括约肌，特别是包含弹性空囊的可调式束胃带，其具有固定端点，恰在食管-胃连接处下方环绕患者的胃。通过向囊中引入盐水溶液，这些囊能够膨胀和收缩。在公知的可调式束胃带中，这种盐水溶液必须用注射器针头注射到皮下口中，以到达位于皮肤表面以下的注射口。该注射口通过导管与束胃带液压连通。尽管这是有效的，但是理想的是避免用注射器针头调节流体体积，因为这可能导致感染危险增加，以及患者的不便和不适。
为此，在下文参考的共同未决的申请中，一种植入的注入器装置不需要向皮下口内注射即可调节盐水的流动。该系统代之以将交流磁通能(magnetic flux energy)从外部初级线圈传递给次级线圈，该次级线圈为与腹部内束胃带连接的植入体中的泵供电。
尽管这种对植入体的TET供电，例如对电池充电，是一种公知的方法，但是为人造括约肌系统如可调式束胃带使用TET仍然存在许多挑战。可调式束胃带对病态肥胖患者是最有利的。提供可靠位置以在皮下连接不适事件减少的植入体通常意味着该植入体位于皮肤和脂肪组织的厚层下。使用TET的一个主要挑战是通过厚的组织层在初级线圈与次级线圈之间传递磁能，该厚的组织层减少了传递给植入体的有效功率量。
用一个磁屏蔽部件横跨在为人造心脏进行TET供能中使用的初级线圈的外侧也是周知的，如美国专利6,389,318所述。这类磁屏蔽部件通常是覆盖初级线圈顶部和侧面的平圆盘，用于屏蔽外部环境中的其它导体。包括用于通气的穿孔，因为这些初级线圈持续位于患者上。为了符合形状(conformal)，一种优选的材料是注入铁氧体粉末的硅，以使其低磁损耗作为反射来自初级线圈的磁能的底板。尽管具有屏蔽外部电磁干扰来源的优点，但是并不认为这种屏蔽部件能够极大地帮助将磁通量引向植入的医疗装置的次级线圈。
尽管专利6,389,318描述的屏蔽部件对来自初级线圈的磁通量提供了一些整形(shaping)，但是一个不希望的特征是磁通量被整平(flattened)，这导致与深埋的可植入式装置之间较低效率的功率耦合(power coupling)。在为人造心脏所述的应用中，次级线圈靠近患者皮肤表面，因而显然不会造成问题。
在美国专利5,715,837中，通过植入软铁球粒(pellet)提高穿过患者真皮的磁通路(flux path)的磁导率实现了TET效率的提高。由于许多原因，不希望植入金属球粒。首先，对于病态肥胖患者，可能需要向磁通路中植入大量球粒。其次，患者可能反对永久植入。第三，由于是含铁物体，如果患者处于磁共振成像(MRI)仪典型的强磁场中，可能导致组织损伤或不适。第四，这些含铁物体将产生伪影(artifct)，可妨碍诊断成像，如MRI和CT。第五，这些球粒的化学或物理性质可能对真皮有不利的影响。
当希望从植入装置上除去这些物品以使之更小时，如美国专利5,715,837所述用相对的马蹄形铁氧体磁芯整形磁通量就更加不方便。另外，进一步希望除去响应强磁场的物质，如上文所述的软铁球粒或部分暴露的植入的铁氧体磁芯。
在美国专利5,279,292中，用于可植入式助听器或耳鸣掩蔽器的充电系统包括植入耳后乳突皮肤下的接收线圈。该接收线圈包括穿过皮肤向外突出的铁氧体磁芯。在铁氧体磁芯的暴露端上放置一个发射线圈，与初级线圈机械对齐，增强与接收磁芯的磁性耦合。由于只传递相对少量的功率，铁氧体磁芯被制成较小且不引人注目，隐藏在外耳之后。然而，具有倾向于引起感染的暴露的植入体是不理想的。另外，在该应用中使用变压器代替TET也使植入体与MRI仪不相容。
因此，非常需要提高通过患者真皮从初级线圈到含次级线圈的植入装置的TET功率传递。
发明内容
本发明通过提供一种经皮能量传递(TET)系统克服了现有技术的上述及其它缺陷，该TET系统包括一个初级线圈，该初级线圈包括位于其圆形直径中心的磁通量整形部件，从而与植入患者中的次级线圈形成横截面更加椭圆的环形磁通量磁场。由此获得更高的功率耦合效率，以使医疗植入体能够置于更深处。因此可以使用如用于病态肥胖症的可遥控可调式束胃带等应用，而不必不方便地采用高功率电平，也不必靠近真皮层表面埋入分开的次级线圈。
在本发明的一个方面，外部TET装置包括一个圆形功率线圈，该线圈以共振频率通电，为植入的医疗装置的次级线圈提供磁通量。一个磁导率极高的部件位于初级线圈内中心处，将产生的磁场整形为相对于其纵轴更加椭圆的环形。
通过附图及其描述，本发明的这些及其它目标和优点将是显而易见的。
附图说明
在此引用并构成本说明书的一部分的附图说明了本发明的实施方案，并且与上文中的发明概述和下文中的实施方案详细描述一起用来阐明本发明的原理。
图1是经皮能量传递(TET)系统的电路块图示。
图2是一个现有技术的TET系统的磁通量图示，该系统包括一个初级线圈和植入的次级线圈。
图3是一个TET系统的磁通量图示，该系统包括一个位于初级线圈内中心处的磁通量传导芯，以整形产生的磁通量。
图4是次级线圈中感应的功率相对于初级线圈中通量整形芯的不同长度以及初级线圈与次级线圈之间的不同间距的图。
图5是一个备选的磁通量整形芯，它由一根细长的钢杆制成，沿其长度分成电绝缘的16份，每份都具有“饼状”横截面。
图6是另外一个备选的磁通量整形芯，显示为形如圆盘的壶形铁氧体磁芯，在底表面形成一个环形槽，用来容纳初级线圈。
具体实施方式
现在详细描述附图，其中在这些图中相同的数字代表相同的元件，图1显示了带有外部装置12的经皮能量传递(TET)系统10与植入装置14之间的关系。外部装置12包括位于患者体外的初级线圈16。植入装置14包括次级线圈18，次级线圈18通过患者的真皮层20透皮感应接收来自初级线圈16的功率，如交流(AC)磁通线22所示。初级线圈16与电容24并联，形成共振并联储能电路26。共振并联储能电路26产生的交流磁通量22被次级线圈18收集，次级线圈18与次级电容28串联，形成次级共振串联调谐的储能电路30，后者将功率传递给植入电路32。
可受益于TET的植入装置14的一个实例是如下一种注入器装置，它在引用的申请中更加详细地描述，该装置在减肥手术过程中植入束胃带后调节向可膨胀束胃带内双向输送的流体的量。TET系统10可包括在希望调节束胃带时临时置于患者腹部外面的初级线圈16，和皮下固定于患者肌筋膜层上的注入器植入装置14内的次级线圈18。示出的初级线圈16的外径(OD)约为5英寸(13cm)，包括102匝由100根各自绝缘的30号线圈线组成的绞合线，与9.2微法电容并联，产生具有极高Q值的并联调谐的共振储能电路。次级线圈18与电容28串联，形成串联调谐的共振储能电路，通过接收来自初级线圈16的交流磁通能激活。为了最佳地传递功率，将两个调谐储能电路24、30调为同一频率。
2004年5月28日提交的4项共同未决的且共同拥有的专利申请公开了将从增强的TET供能和遥测受益的可植入式双向注入装置，其公开内容在此全部引用作为参考：(1)“用于液压控制可调式束胃带的压电驱动式波纹管注入器”，发明人为William L.Hassler，Jr.，序列号为10/857,762；(2)“用于液压控制可调式束胃带的金属波纹管位置反馈”，发明人为William L.Hassler，Jr.，Daniel F.Dlugos，Jr.，Rocco Crivelli，序列号10/856,971；(3)“用作遥控束胃带的热力驱动式双向注入器泵”，发明人为William L.Hassler，Jr.，Daniel F.Dlugos，Jr.，序列号10/857,315；和(4)“用于液压控制可调式束胃带的带有体积制动的双向注入器泵”，发明人为William L. Hassler，Jr.，DanielF.Dlugos，Jr.，序列号10/857,763。
图2显示一个公知的TET装置40，它在平行的初级与次级TET线圈44与46之间产生磁场，如虚线磁通线42所示。初级线圈44将磁通量42通过腹壁48传递给次级线圈46。由于磁场42的损失和形状，次级线圈46被限制为与腹壁48外部相对紧密地放置，因为磁场42具有圆环形状，不能在两个线圈44与46之间实现最佳能量传递。
图3显示图1的TET系统10，该系统将TET磁场52有利地整形为可以通过患者腹壁58更有效地工作的椭圆形。因此，在与现有技术的次级线圈18相当的植入深度处，有更多的功率被传递。此外，也可以在更深处放置次级线圈18’，以便更牢固地附着并提高患者的舒适度，而仍然能够接收足够的功率。具体而言，铁氧体磁棒62对准外部初级线圈16的圆形中心处，将形成的磁通量52整形为环形椭圆形，使次级线圈18内的通量密度提高。
图4显示这种增强的功率传递，显示向初级线圈16内放置不同长度的铁氧体磁芯62之前与之后能量传递效率的差异。图中显示，由于包括长度为1-4英寸的磁芯，对于1.5-5.5英寸的间距，次级电路中接收的额外功率所产生的效益(benefit)。对结果的外推表明，如果受可以采用的间隔因素约束，长度较短的磁芯将增加一定的效益。另外，也可以利用较长的磁芯长度获得额外的功率耦合效率。
为了达到最高的能量传递效率，将磁导率极高的铁氧体磁芯62置于初级线圈16内。如上所述，我们决定最佳磁芯62采用长形膜状设计。测试表明，对于所述初级线圈16，长约3英寸、宽约0.75英寸的杆状铁氧体磁芯62是最佳尺寸，此时能量传递最有效，而不会达到磁饱和或者在磁芯62内以涡流损耗的形式损耗能量。
使用细长的磁芯设计，大多数磁通量被吸引到铁氧体磁芯62，使磁场向磁芯62内径向衰减(collapse)，并且使磁场52的形状由圆形变为椭圆形。这种效应导致次级线圈18内的通量密度提高。在一个示意例子中，将一个长3英寸、直径0.75英寸的铁氧体磁芯置于经皮能量传递(TET)系统10的直径5英寸的初级线圈16的中心处。通过增加这个磁芯62，与次级TET线圈的功率耦合效率提高可达55％。
叠片钢芯
在图5中，圆柱形磁芯80由Carpenter钢430 FR不锈钢制成，作为杆状铁氧体磁芯的备选。该磁芯直径为1.25英寸，长3.0英寸。该磁芯纵向分成16个不同的“饼”形放射状部分82，它们用高温环氧树脂(Duralco 4525)84互相电绝缘。进行这个分层步骤是为了使磁芯80中的涡流损耗最小化，而试图使磁芯承载磁通量的能力最大化。钢的磁导率实际上只有铁氧体材料的一半，但是饱和通量密度却高大约4倍，可使更多的磁通量通过相同尺寸的磁芯。
“壶形”磁芯
在图6中，作为杆状铁氧体磁芯的备选，制造壶形铁氧体磁芯90，以重新整形磁场，以便提高TET系统10的范围和/或功率耦合。壶形磁芯90有一个覆盖初级线圈16向外一侧的圆盘部分92。圆柱形凸缘94向内朝向患者，与圆盘部分92的外周相连，从而有助于位于环形槽96内的初级线圈16的电磁干扰屏蔽，也限定了中心柱98。环形槽96开口朝向将向患者放置的壶形磁芯90的向内一面。中心柱98如上所述将磁场的整形为更椭圆的环形。壶形磁芯90可以用E形表示，围绕E的中心尖头的中心线旋转。可以最小化壶形磁芯的材料厚度，以便减少磁芯内的涡流损耗，而不使磁芯达到磁饱和。
根据以上所述，椭圆形磁场提高了初级与次级TET线圈之间的耦合效率。线圈之间耦合效率的提高减少了来自初级线圈的所需功率，也增加了外部初级线圈与皮下次级线圈之间可以分开的范围，这是在通常遇到厚腹壁时有利于体重减轻手术的一个重要的考虑因素。
尽管已经通过几个实施方案的描述说明了本发明，并且相当详细地描述了说明性实施方案，但是申请人的目的不是将后附权利要求的范围限制或者以任何方式限制于这些细节。其它优点和修改对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。
例如，对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是，上述发明同样适用于其它类型的可植入式环带。例如，环带用于治疗大便失禁。美国专利6,461,292描述了这样一种环带，在此引用作为参考。环带也可以用于治疗尿失禁。美国专利申请2003/0105385描述了这样一种环带，在此引用作为参考。环带也可以用于治疗胃灼热和/或酸反流。美国专利6,470,892描述了这样一种环带，在此引用作为参考。环带也能用于治疗阳萎。美国专利申请2003/0114729描述了这样一种环带，在此引用作为参考。
作为另外一个实例，应当理解，除了为植入装置供能的TET之外或者作为它的备选，用位于初级线圈中心处的高磁导率部件整形磁通量还增强了用于遥测的经皮能量传递。例如，除了初级功率线圈之外，还可以断续使用初级线圈进行遥测传送或者接收，或者包括初级遥测线圈。
作为另外一个实例，应当理解，在需要相对少量的功率传递和/或非经常性的TET应用时，为磁芯选择的材料可以包括经受涡流和加热的材料。此外，也可以包括隔热材料以保护患者的皮肤免除不适或伤害。

Claims (10)

1.一种经皮能量传递装置，包括：
外部初级线圈，对其施加待传递的能量；
植入的次级线圈，其构造为与初级线圈电感耦合，并且与皮下应用装置连接以为其供能；和
位于与次级线圈相对的初级线圈中心的部件，由导磁材料制成。
2.权利要求1的经皮能量传递装置，其中所述部件包括铁氧体材料。
3.权利要求2的经皮能量传递装置，其中所述部件包括一个杆。
4.权利要求1的经皮能量传递装置，其中所述部件包括一个细长的杆，长度约为1英寸至4英寸之间。
5.权利要求4的经皮能量传递装置，其中所述部件包括一个长约3英寸、直径约3/4英寸的杆。
6.权利要求5的经皮能量传递装置，其中所述部件包括铁氧体材料。
7.权利要求2的经皮能量传递装置，其进一步包括磁屏蔽部件，该部件包括与该部件连接并且覆盖与次级线圈相对的初级线圈侧面的底板。
8.权利要求7的经皮能量传递装置，其中所述磁屏蔽部件包括相连的并且从底板向内的圆筒形凸缘，限定了一个环形槽，以容纳初级线圈。
9.权利要求1的经皮能量传递装置，其中所述部件包括多个细长组件，这些组件与初级线圈的中心轴对齐，并且通过电绝缘材料附着到多个细长组件中相邻的组件上。
10.权利要求9的经皮能量传递装置，其中所述多个细长组件由钢制成。
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