CN1726386A - 生物样品预处理方法和装置 - Google Patents

生物样品预处理方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1726386A
CN1726386A CNA2003801065361A CN200380106536A CN1726386A CN 1726386 A CN1726386 A CN 1726386A CN A2003801065361 A CNA2003801065361 A CN A2003801065361A CN 200380106536 A CN200380106536 A CN 200380106536A CN 1726386 A CN1726386 A CN 1726386A
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约翰·法武齐
本诺·古根海默
杰夫·劳
马克·基
鲍勃·莱思罗普
罗桑奈·伟谢尔
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Dako Denmark ApS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种通过按照染色规程依次施加预定量的试剂，而对容纳在载体例如显微镜载玻片(7)上的至少一种生物样品进行自动染色的方法和装置，其中至少一个载体配备在载体轨道组件中，载体轨道组件包括在载体配备到载体轨道组件中之后，用于预处理载体上的生物样品的装置，所述用于预处理生物样品的装置包括配备在载体轨道组件(6)中的罐(101)；载体轨道(61)；以及用于将配备在载体轨道(61)中的载体(7)绕枢轴旋转到垂直位置的装置，和用于将垂直载体(7v)浸渍到罐(101)内的装置。通过将载体(7)从水平位置绕枢轴旋转到垂直位置，提供了一种在自动染色装置内完成预处理的自动方法和装置。载体(7)的绕枢轴旋转确保载体在预处理和染色过程中的适当取向。

Description

生物样品预处理方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过按照染色规程依次施加预定量的试剂，而对容纳在载体(例如载玻片)上的至少一种生物样品进行自动染色的方法和装置，其中至少一个载体配备在载体轨道组件中。
该申请涉及样品处理系统和生物样品处理方法领域。本发明涉及布置在载体(例如显微镜载玻片)上的样品的自动加工、处理、甚至染色，并且在一些实施例中，涉及样品和载体的连续或批处理，以及取样系统的清洗部件。实施例还涉及样品处理以及样品处理的数据收集、数据维护和数据检索的控制系统。本发明特别涉及的应用领域包括免疫组织化学、原位杂交、荧光原位杂交、特异性染色和微阵列，以及潜在的其它化学和生物学应用。
背景技术
免疫组织化学(IHC)应用和其它化学及生物学分析中的样品处理，要求一个或许多个不同处理次序或规程作为一个或多个样品分析的一部分。这些样品处理次序或规程是由要求分析的个体或组织(例如医院的病理学家和组织学家)规定的，并且进一步由待实施的特定分析指令来规定。
在样品分析的制备中，生物样品可以通过公知的样品获取技术来取得，并且诸如在IHC应用中通常包括组织，甚至在一些应用中可以包括一个或多个分离的细胞，例如在微阵列样品中，所述生物样品可呈现在样品载体(例如显微镜载玻片)上。而且，样品可以某种保存形式不同和潜在地呈现在载体上。作为一个实例，样品(例如皮肤层或切片)可保存在甲醛中并呈现在载体上，而一个或多个石蜡或其它化学层覆盖样品。
免疫应用例如需要包括诸如脱蜡、靶挽回(target retrieval)和染色这些步骤的处理次序或规程，特别是对于原位杂交(ISH)技术来说。以前，在一些应用中，这些步骤由人工来实施，因此潜在地导致这是一个耗时的规程并且需要人员主动参与到样品处理中。为了满足对有利样品处理以及几乎不用人工烦琐操作的需求，已经对样品处理的自动化作了一些尝试。然而，以前的这些努力并没有充分满足对自动样品处理的需求。以前对自动样品处理的努力在一些方面存在缺陷，即阻碍更稳定的自动样品处理，例如：对样品处理缺乏足够的计算机控制和监测；对处理规程和处理状态、特别是对各个样品缺乏信息共享；缺乏诊断能力；以及对多个样品的批处理缺乏实时或适应能力。
过去在对呈现在载体(例如载玻片)上的样品进行自动样品处理方面的努力(例如US6,352,861和US5,839,091)，都没有提供如本文所表现的多个优点和其它特征组合。
生物样品(例如组织样品)在染色之前必须进行制备。组织载玻片根据将要对组织实施的染色方法种类接受预处理过程。该预处理包括脱蜡或靶挽回。载玻片上组织的制备在其装载到自动染色仪内之前经常需要在实验室内人工完成。这种预处理包括将载玻片于缓冲液或其它类型的处理液体中浸渍一预定量的时间和温度。
然而，人工制备是笨重的并且预处理是不充分的，这是因为为了得到正确的预处理结果，必须非常精确地观察液体的时间和温度，这未免太苛刻了。
发明内容
在该背景下，本发明的一个目的是，在自动染色装置中对载体(例如载玻片)上的生物样品进行自动预处理，从而生物样品的全部处理都可以在一个自动装置中来实施。
本发明包括一种在自动染色装置中对容纳在载体上的至少一个生物样品进行处理的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：在预定的载体部位配置至少一个承载生物样品的载体，所述载体配置在基本上水平的位置上；将所述至少一个载体绕枢轴旋转到基本上垂直的位置；将所述基本上垂直取向的载体在罐内浸渍一段预定的处理时间。优选的是，载体部位是载体轨道，其中多个载体配置在载体固定器内，而载体可单独绕枢轴旋转。
通过按照染色规程依次施加预定量的试剂，而用对容纳在载体上的至少一个生物样品进行自动染色的装置来实现该目的，其中至少一个载体配置在载体轨道组件中，而载体轨道组件包括在载体配置到载体轨道组件中之后用于预处理载体上的生物样品的装置，所述生物样品预处理装置包括配置在载体轨道组件中的罐；载体固定器；以及用于将配置在载体固定器中的载体绕枢轴旋转到垂直位置的装置和将垂直载体浸渍到罐内的装置。
本发明提供了一种通过将载体从水平位置绕枢轴旋转到垂直位置，而在自动染色装置中完成预处理的自动化方法和装置。载体的这种绕枢轴旋转确保载体在预处理和染色过程中适当地取向。
通过本发明，将载体上生物样品的制备集成到自动染色装置中，以便使生物样品一旦容纳在载体上就装载到染色装置内，其中预处理和染色规程都可在装置内自动实施。
优选的是，所选择的液体从至少一个供应罐供应到一个罐内。填充和排空此罐的步骤由装置的控制系统来控制，从而确保载体根据染色规程中有关这一点的信息接受适当的预处理步骤。
优选的是，液体从供应箱转移到转移罐内并向上到达一个罐内。据此，装置优选地包括气动装置，所述气动装置用于将处理液从供应罐转移到转移罐内、从转移罐转移到该罐内，以及将液体从该罐排到转移罐内、从所述转移罐排到废物收集罐内。通过用气动系统转移液体而获得的优点是，至少一个转移罐、供应罐和废物罐可位于装置外部，借此可增大容量，因为对罐的尺寸没有限制。而且，通过本发明的这个实施例，可使浸渍的载体承受一系列的依次填充及从罐中排出的液体，因为系统容易适合包含几个含有不同液体的供应罐，同样还包含几个废物罐，从而可将废物分类。
优选的是，所述罐配有用于加热罐内含有的处理液的加热部件，并且加热部件能够有利地将罐的内容物加热到至少60℃的升高温度，更优选的是至少90℃，甚至更优选的是至少115℃。借此，罐内的液体温度被加热升高到120℃，甚至有150℃那么高，并且在该温度下保持10-20分钟，而没有沸腾显示。在一个实施例中，加热部件适合将液体加热到95℃并保持40分钟，以便实施靶挽回过程。
按照本发明的一个实施例，通过在至少一个载体绕枢轴旋转到垂直位置之后降低载体固定器并将载体浸渍到罐内，而将至少一个垂直载体浸渍到罐内。借此，得到紧凑的罐布置和载体固定器布局。
组织的处理方法是组织样品的预处理。然而，通过本发明，意识到，可对垂直位置的载体上的组织样品实施其它类型的处理，例如漂洗载体。可以用按照本发明的装置实施的其它方法包括组织样品的脱蜡或靶回收过程。
按照本发明，罐是具有上开口槽的加长箱，所述槽使垂直取向的载体插入容器内，以便进行处理。借此，罐的体积以及由此需要的处理液的量都最小。
优选的是，所述装置包括用于使排出的液体循环以便在载体的随后预处理过程中重新使用的装置。借此，用于装置操作(即组织载体的预处理和漂洗)的液体量可最小，从而使废物的处理容易以及成本降低。
在本发明的优选实施例中，载体轨道组件配置在抽屉(drawer)组件内，其中轨道从装置中缩回，以便装载和卸载载体。抽屉组件与装置的抽屉接收部件内的罐配合，所述罐能够同时处理容纳在载体轨道组件中的多个载体固定器内的载体。抽屉组件使装置在使用时非常灵活，如载体可以装载到一个抽屉中或从其上卸载下来，而其它抽屉中的载体可独立于其进行处理。而且，抽屉的使用使得自动染色装置的操作容易。每个抽屉的罐可优选地与有利地布置在装置外部的公共供应罐和废物罐相连。
附图说明
以下参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施例，其中：
图1是按照本发明优选实施例的染色装置的示意性透视图；
图2是图1所示染色装置中的工作区的顶视图；
图3是在按照本发明的装置中包括滑轨组件和罐的抽屉组件的示意性前视图；
图4是闭合位置的抽屉组件的透视图；
图5是开放位置的图4的抽屉组件；
图6是按照本发明优选实施例的滑轨的顶部透视图；
图7是布置在抽屉组件中的滑轨固定器和箱的细节图；
图8是按照本发明优选实施例的罐的透视图；
图9是图8的罐的前视图；以及
图10是罐的处理液的操纵流程图。
具体实施方式
图1表示出按照本发明的样品处理系统101的一个示意性实施例。内阁(cabinet)部分4形成系统的外部，并用于满足系统的总体结构考虑(顶部的内阁部分没有表示在图1中)。样品处理系统可包括多个用于操纵和处理样品及样品载体(例如载玻片，潜在地为显微镜载玻片)的抽屉6。其它样品载体可与本发明相容地来容纳。每个抽屉可构造成能够容纳样品载体保留组件，例如载玻片保留组件、载体轨道、模块或盒。
样品载体保留组件的一个实施例可包括载玻片保留组件6(如图7所示)。载玻片保留组件可包括滑轨、模块或盒。载玻片保留组件6被构造成能够将多个载玻片容纳在对应于样品载体保留设备的至少一个结构中。正如下面进一步描述的，在样品的处理中采用样品载体保留组件。应该进一步注意，样品载体保留组件是具有抽屉的可去除的构造，并且可堆放或驻留在其它保留组件内。
在优选实施例中，载玻片可如预处理和染色过程所要求的那样构造在垂直及水平位置(如图3和图6所示)。这允许用多种方式对载玻片进行自动预处理和染色，包括如传统的人工实验室方法中所接受的预处理和染色。载玻片最初装载到水平位置的载体保留组件(例如滑轨)和抽屉内。载玻片由可调节的载体支持体(如图7所示)水平支撑着。如果需要预处理(例如脱蜡)，系统就将载玻片旋转到垂直位置并将这些样品下降到浸渍处理罐内(下面进一步描述)，然后用所需的液体进行填充。在一些实施例中，滑轨降低，从而影响载玻片的下降(参见图3和图7)。为了在载玻片上实施染色过程，如以下所述，系统将载玻片旋转到水平位置，而注射器或探头将液体施加到样品上。每个载玻片能够单独旋转，因此可对具有不同要求的不同样品进行单独处理。
样品处理系统通过预处理过程(例如脱蜡)可使样品的处理步骤或载玻片上呈现的细胞制备自动化。系统提供广泛的载玻片预处理。通常实施的两种类型的预处理实例是(但不限于)，脱蜡和靶挽回。在一些实施例中，这些过程必须用垂直取向、浸渍在多种液体罐内的载玻片来实施。脱蜡包括将载玻片在一系列液体中浸渍短时间(潜在地为约5-10分钟)。此过程预计首先从样品上去除已经固定或呈现在其中的石蜡，其次去除石蜡溶剂，然后缓慢地使样品再水合。靶挽回，在一些实施例中为抗原决定簇脱模，包括将载玻片浸渍在热缓冲液处理罐内，并且在一些实施例中，浸渍约20分钟，然后将载玻片冷却约20分钟。在优选实施例中温度维持在约95℃。在靶挽回中，标志或其它标示用来标记感兴趣的样品部分，例如其细胞或结构。
为了实施这些相同的预处理过程，系统在一些实施例中模仿或对应于人工使用的供应源的过程和物理属性。据此，可配备处理罐101(如图3、7和8所最佳示出的)。在一些实施例中，每个处理罐101的元件，如图4和5所示，构造在抽屉100内。在一些优选实施例中，维持实施预处理过程所需的液体体积，而无需每个彼此面对面的载玻片取向(在常规系统中，它们是面对面的)，尽管处理罐甚至贯穿载玻片表面来分布液体。
在一些实施例中，处理罐能够加热载玻片。此热量通过热电耦甚至贯穿每个个体载玻片的表面。热量的精确和物理施加导致处理步骤的标准化和重复性。填充和加热任务由计算机控制的调度程序来执行(如下面进一步描述的)。考虑到任何数目的载玻片的存在和缺失，可调节液体的体积。
按照本发明的染色装置1的优选实施例在图1和2中示出。染色装置1包括围绕试剂站2的矩形框架4，以及第一和第二载玻片部分5，试剂站2包括试剂瓶室，其中每个室内放置有试剂瓶3，许多分离的轨道组件6放置在第一和第二载玻片部分5上，每个轨道组件6容纳许多一个挨一个地安装在轨道组件6内的显微镜载玻片7。在图示的实施例中，每个轨道可容纳8个载玻片，但是轨道可设计成能够容纳任何适当数目的载玻片。由于一个挨一个地布置有8个轨道，因此图示实施例可容纳高达64个载玻片7，每个在载玻片的上面都固定有样品例如组织，因此试剂可从上方施加到每个载玻片上的样品中。
用于沿X和Y(以及Z)方向(如箭头X和Y所示)移动探头10的机器人臂20，布置在染色装置的框架4上方。机器人臂20因此可以将探头10定位在所有试剂瓶3以及所有显微镜载玻片7的上方，并且进一步操纵探头10，以吸取任一瓶3中包含的部分试剂，从而将那部分试剂传送并施加到任一载玻片7上，以便对每个载玻片7上的样品有选择地进行染色或处理。利用合适的控制装置，例如具有用于此目的的合适软件和输入数据的计算机(未示出)，该染色装置1能够对需要不同染色或处理试剂和过程的样品进行自动染色或处理。
如图1，探头10容纳在机器人头22中并由机器人臂20来操纵。探头10上升到上部位置(在Z方向)，在此处清楚地看到，瓶3在探头10的下面，但是机器人包括机器人头22中用于降低探头10的装置，以便将探头尖浸到所选择的试剂瓶3的内容物中并吸取选定量的用于所选择的染色或处理过程的试剂。机器人头22还配有指向下方的CCD照相机25。利用照相机确定载玻片和试剂瓶以及装置在工作区域内的其它特性的状态信息，例如阅读配置在试剂容器上的代码，以确定系统内的试剂种类和试剂部位。照相机还可确定组织样品载体的状态，例如特定载玻片的部位、指示有关呈现在载玻片上的组织样品或待实施的处理方案的信息的信息索引，例如代码。
本发明的染色装置1还包括探头清洗站8和试剂混合器9，机器人臂20还布置成能够将探头运送到清洗站8以及试剂混合器9。
当滑轨组件6在上部位置时(如图3所示)，滑轨组件6中的载玻片7装载和卸载到水平位置。滑轨组件6布置在载玻片升降机63中，当滑轨6在其上部位置时，载玻片固定器62适合在水平位置和垂直位置7v之间绕枢轴转动载玻片7。包括滑轨升降机63的滑轨组件6被布置成抽屉组件100的移动部100a。在抽屉组件100的相应静止部100b，配备罐101。
染色装置优选地包括八个抽屉组件(如图1所示)。然而，应该意识到，根据设计性能，还可提供任何其它数目。每个抽屉组件100包括载玻片、载玻片升降机63、包括温度控制部件64的滑轨组件6、罐101、用于收集染色液体的滴盘65，和包括指示器的控制装置，所述指示器用于不同使用者信息及处理监视目的。
滑轨组件6在图6中示出。滑轨组件6包括滑轨61，后者在各个载玻片接收室68(如图6所示)中优选地具有8个载玻片7的容量。与每个室68相连的是载玻片固定器62。载玻片固定器62包括具有载玻片夹69和启动装置67的绕枢轴旋转装置，所述载波片夹69在水平载玻片位置与垂直载玻片位置之间绕枢轴旋转。载玻片7，7v在其载玻片固定器62中单独绕枢轴旋转，而载玻片夹69通过按压所配备的两个嵌片67，可绕枢轴旋转，其中一个从水平位置旋转到垂直位置，另一个使载玻片从垂直位置返回到水平位置。
当抽屉100载有一个或多个载玻片7并且还处于染色过程中时，滑轨在上部位置。当载玻片7装载之后，载玻片7就旋转到垂直位置7v，然后滑轨6用载玻片升降机63降低，以便将垂直设置的载玻片7v浸渍到下面的罐101内。抽屉组件也在图4，5和7中示出。载玻片升降机63适合在载玻片7v浸渍在罐的液体中时搅动载玻片7v。
罐101填充有来自转移罐110(参见图10)的预定量的处理液。相关的处理液此前已经从供应罐111经气压装置转移到转移罐110。通过采用转移罐110以及用包括真空泵113的气动系统控制液体的转移，可完成泵给，而液体无需与泵给元件接触。这是有利的，因为液体残留在元件中的危险由此降到最小。
优选地配备总共8个抽屉。据此，这意味着，这8个罐也配备在染色装置中。每个罐101容纳高达8个浸渍的载玻片7v。罐的主要功能是，当载玻片下降到罐内之后，在一定时间内(例如15分钟)将罐内的液体从室温加热到预定温度，并维持预定温度例如高达约120℃，而在预处理时间(例如10-20分钟)没有任何沸腾显示。优选的温度一般是约40℃-约120℃，正如所需的处理所确定的。非常常见的是，优选温度在80℃-100℃之间，更优选的温度在95℃-98℃之间。对于一些特殊的处理，优选的温度在110℃-130℃之间，甚至高达约150℃。
在处理时间之后，将热源关掉，并通过提升滑轨道组件6、借此将垂直载玻片7v从罐101中提起，来去除载玻片7v。罐101可用于脱蜡、再水合以及热诱导的靶挽回。这些过程是在具有载玻片的染色装置上实施的，所述载玻片在垂直取向、浸渍在填充有不同所需试剂和空的各个罐内。对靶挽回过程，罐内的液体水平上升到载玻片上的标记之上。加热部件适合加热到约95℃，并将该温度维持高达40-60分钟。在罐内完成的预处理过程包括将载玻片在一系列液体中浸渍短时间例如5-10分钟。脱蜡过程预计首先从组织样品上去除固定在其上的石蜡，其次去除石蜡溶剂，然后依次通过一系列的试剂使样品再水合。
如诸如图8和9所示，罐101是加长的，具有开放槽102，可通过槽102插入载玻片7v。这使得罐的体积相对小些，从而又可以相当快速地加热罐内的液体和/或使加热并维持罐内流体温度的能耗相当低。罐101经液体连接管103填充和排空，且加热部件104优选地位于罐的下部。罐101在两侧还配有绝缘侧壁部件，用于促进加热，由此缩短加热时间。罐101还配有用于登记罐内的液体水平的传感器装置(未示出)和用于登记流体温度并将这些数据馈送到装置的控制系统的传感器。
预处理液或试剂可储存在许多单个容器内，其中一些容器储存用于脱蜡的液体，一些容器用于靶挽回，而一些容器用于储存100％的乙醇、蒸馏水和缓冲液。容器有利地具有与装置的预处理过程性能所需的特定液体量对应的不同体积。
供应容器111与罐101之间的液体转移是经转移罐110(如图10所示)进行的。液体转移通过施加到转移罐110上的正、负气压来实现。优选地配备两个分离的转移罐(未示出)，一个用于含水溶液，第二个用于有机溶液。同样，为了倾空罐，废液经转移罐110转移到废物容器112。优选地配备废物罐，例如一个用于有毒废液，一个用于无毒废液。
流体可以在任何容器与任何罐之间的两个方向上转移。流体转移的操作顺序由装置的控制系统来确定。脱蜡试剂可重新使用并从干净到肮脏周期性地循环。用过的肮脏脱蜡液体和罐的漂洗液被使用者或控制系统当作废物弃掉。靶挽回缓冲液和水在控制系统中被标记为“一次使用(single use)”，并且在使用之后转移到废物中。
优选地，按照本发明的方法可包括：诸如在完成所需的处理之后将载体上的至少一个生物样品暂时储存在罐内的适当液体中，直到载体上的生物样品去除、用于离机处理为止。一般，罐的这种使用在过夜染色方面(例如在半夜完成)是特别有利的。
以上按照一些优选示范性实施例描述了本发明的装置和方法。然而，通过本发明意识到，在不脱离如所附权利要求书限定的本发明范围的前提下，可以对所述方法和装置做出许多其它变型和等同。

Claims (24)

1、一种对容纳在自动染色装置中的载体(7)上的至少一个生物样品进行处理的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
在预定的载体部位配置至少一个承载生物样品的载体(7)，所述载体(7)配置在基本上水平的位置上；
将所述至少一个载体(7)绕枢轴旋转到基本上垂直的位置；
将所述基本上垂直取向的载体(7)在罐内浸渍一段预定的处理时间。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述载体部位是载体轨道，其中多个载体(7)配置在载体轨道组件(6)内，而载体(7)可单独绕枢轴旋转。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，包括将所选择的处理液从至少一个供应罐供给到一个罐内的步骤。
4、根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，包括填充和排空罐(101)的步骤。
5、根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，液体由此从供应罐转移到转移罐并向上到达罐(101)。
6、根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，包括使浸渍的载体(7)经受一系列的液体，所述液体依次填充罐(101)并从罐(101)排空。
7、根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，包括将罐(101)中含有的液体加热到预定温度的步骤，优选加热到至少60℃的升高温度，更优选的是至少95℃，甚至更优选的是至少115℃。
8、根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，包括通过降低载体轨道由此将至少一个垂直设置的载体(7)浸渍到罐(101)内，而将至少一个垂直载体(7)浸渍到罐(101)内的步骤。
9、根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的生物样品处理方法是生物样品的预处理。
10、根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，生物样品是组织，所述的组织处理方法是组织样品的脱蜡处理。
11、根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的生物样品的处理方法是生物样品的靶挽回处理。
12、根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括，短期储存下降到罐(101)中的液体内的垂直位置的载体(7v)上的样品。
13、一种通过按照染色规程依次施加预定量的试剂，而对容纳在载体(7)上的至少一种生物样品进行自动染色的装置，其中至少一个载体(7)配备在载体轨道组件(6)中，
其特征在于，
载体轨道组件(6)包括
在载体(7)配备在载体轨道组件(6)中之后，用于预处理载体(7)上的生物样品的装置，所述用于预处理生物样品的装置包括配备在载体轨道组件(6)中的罐(101)；
载体轨道(61)；以及
用于将配备在载体轨道(61)中的载体(7)绕枢轴旋转到垂直位置的装置，以及用于将垂直载体(7)浸渍到罐(101)内的装置。
14、根据权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，所述预处理载体(7)的装置包括，用于将载体轨道(61)的垂直设置的载体(7v)下降到罐(101)内的装置。
15、根据权利要求13或14所述的装置，其特征在于，罐(101)是具有上开槽的加长罐，所述槽使垂直取向的载体(7v)插入处理容器内。
16、根据权利要求13-15任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述罐(101)配有用于加热罐(101)内含有的处理液的加热部件。
17、根据权利要求16所述的装置，其特征在于，所述加热部件能够将罐(101)的内容物加热到至少60℃的升高温度，更优选的是至少95℃，甚至更优选的是至少115℃。
18、根据权利要求13-16任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括气动装置，所述气动装置将处理液从供应罐(111)转移到转移罐(1110)，从转移罐(110)转移到罐(101)，以及将液体从罐(101)排到转移罐，从所述转移罐排到废物收集罐(112)。
19、根据权利要求13-18任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括用于循环排出液、以便重新用于载体的随后预处理过程的装置。
20、根据权利要求13-18任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述载体轨道组件配备在抽屉组件中，所述抽屉组件从所述装置中缩回，以便装载和卸载载体(7)。
21、根据权利要求20所述的装置，其特征在于，所述抽屉组件与装置的抽屉接收装置中的罐(101)配合，所述罐(101)能够同时处理容纳在载体轨道组件(6)内的多个载体固定器中的多个载体(7)。
22、根据权利要求21所述的装置，其特征在于，多个抽屉组件配备在所述装置内，每个抽屉组件与罐(101)、至少一个转移罐(110)、供应罐(111)和废物罐(112)配合。
23、根据权利要求22所述的装置，其特征在于，罐(101)与供应或废物罐(111，112)之间的液体转移，经由至少一个转移罐(110)，所述转移罐(110)配有气压控制装置，包括用于将正、负气压施加到转移罐(110)上的装置。
24、根据权利要求20-23任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，载体(7)在容纳在载体固定器(62)中时是单独绕枢轴旋转的，载体轨道组件(6)配有枢轴旋转装置，所述枢轴旋转装置由机器人头(22)来启动，从而根据染色规程来完成染色过程。
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