CN1735452A - 混合室 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一薄膜模块(5)，它包括许多多孔性的薄膜(6)，它们按一阵列延伸，并至少在一端装在一集流箱(8)中。集流箱(8)有许多分配孔(11)，以用于将一流体分配至模块(5)中并沿薄膜(6)的表面分配流体。一长形的室(10)有一敞开端(13)，并有一与分配孔(11)作流体连通的另一端，以用于将流体分配至分配孔(11)中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种设备和有关的方法，它们用于与薄膜过滤模块结合使用，以提供改进的进入有关模块中的流体分布和流动。
背景技术
用于废水处理的薄膜的重要性快速增长。现在都知道，薄膜工艺可以作为污水的有效的第三阶段的处理来使用，并提供优质的水流。不过，投资费用和运行费用可能过高。随着浸没式薄膜工艺的出现，将生物工艺与物理工艺结合在一个步骤中的薄膜式生物反应器有希望更小型、高效和经济，在此工艺中，薄膜模块被浸没在一大的供应槽中，而滤液则通过作用在薄膜的滤液侧的抽吸被收集。由于它的多用性，薄膜式生物反应器的尺寸可以从家用(例如化粪池系统)到社区和大规模的污水处理。
薄膜过滤工艺的成功主要取决于采用了有效而高效的薄膜清理方法。常用的物理清理方法包括采用液体渗透或气体的回洗(回冲)、采用其形式为液体中的气泡的气体的薄膜表面擦洗或冲刷。第三类方法的例子示于授予Ishida等人的美国专利No.5192456，授予Cote等人的美国专利No.5248424、授于Henshaw等人的美国专利No.5783083或我们的PCT申请No.WO 98/28066中。
在上面所引用的例子中，通常用加压的鼓风机将气体注入薄膜模块浸入该处的液体系统中，以形成气泡。如此形成的气泡以后就向上走，擦洗薄膜表面，去掉在薄膜表面上形成的污秽物质。所产生的剪切力依赖于初始的气泡速度、气泡尺寸和作用在气泡上的合力。在此方法中，液体的传送受到气体上升机理的有效性的限制。为了加强擦洗作用，必须供应更多的气体。不过，这种方法有一些缺点：它消耗大量的能量，有可能形成减少有效的薄膜过滤面积的雾流或泡沫流，以及可能对薄膜起破坏作用。此外，在有高浓度固体的环境中，在气流意外停止时，气体分配系统可以逐渐被脱水的固体堵塞或完全堵塞。
对于多数毛细管式薄膜模块，薄膜在模块的中间(纵向)是可弯曲的，但是朝两个封装端则较紧密而且不太能弯曲。当将这种模块用在包含高浓度的悬浮固体的环境中时，固体容易被裹在薄膜束中，尤其是在两个封装端的附近。减少固体积聚的方法包括，在用气体擦洗去清理薄膜时，改进模块的构形和流动的分布。
我们的较早的国际申请No.WO 00/18498描述了采用气体与液体的混合物去有效地清理薄膜的表面。此处所描述的布置和方法提供了另一种达到薄膜表面的有效冲刷的简单途径。
发明内容
至少在其实施例中，本发明寻求克服或至少改善原有技术的缺点，或至少向公众提供一种有用的方案。
按照第一个方面，本发明提供一薄膜模块，它包括许多多孔性的薄膜，它们按一阵列延伸，并至少在一端装在一集流箱中，上述集流箱有许多分配孔，以用于将流体分配至上述模块中并沿上述薄膜的表面分布流体，一室有一敞开端，并有与上述分配孔作流体连通的另一端，以用于将上述流体分配至上述分配孔中。
另一方面，本发明提供一薄膜模块组件，它包括许多多孔性的薄膜，它们按一阵列延伸，并至少在一端安装在许多各自的集流箱中，上述集流箱的构形做成能提供许多位于其间的分配孔，以用于将流体分配至上述薄膜模块组件中，并沿上述薄膜的表面分布流体，一室有一开口端，并有一与上述分配孔作流体连通的另一端，以用于将上述流体分配至上述分配孔中。
在本发明的一种形式中，流体可以是气体，通常为空气，而在本发明的另一形式中，流体则可为气体和液体的混合物，通常为空气和供给液体的混合物。
此处所用的液体一词对于熟悉本技术的人可以认为包括其它范围的作为液体供给的材料，例如在液体中包含悬浮的固体或无机物质的悬浮液，在水中包含生物物质的悬浮液，混浊的水或类似物，或它们的混合物。
室最好是长形的，也就是说，最好是，上述室的长度大于所需要的长度，以提供一静压头，当薄膜浸没在一液体中并将气体送入室中时，该静压头相当于气体流至上述分配孔的压头损失。也就是说，室的长度应当足以使所有气体从供应源或总管经过分配孔流动，而不是经过室的敞开端流动。
当采用混合室一词时，就有可能作为混合接点来描述本发明。
在某些实施例中，室在所有各侧都是封闭的，不过，如果室的尺寸做得足够大，就可能不需要将各侧都封闭。仅仅作为例子，如果薄膜模块或任何模块阵列都做成直线阵列的形式，有许多集流箱，则只要沿两个最长的侧面将室封闭就已足够。最好是，薄膜模块做成延伸的直线阵列的形式，其中，室有封闭的长的侧面。更优选的是，薄膜模块做成延伸的直线阵列的形式，其中，室有未封闭的短的侧面。
在另一个方案中，室可以有侧面，但是没有顶面。在这种情况下，室的侧面放置成基本形成一个在集流箱或集流箱组下面的裙。在这种情况下，室的侧面可以是不平行的，但是，可以是例如朝集流箱倾斜的。
室可以按要求是任何形状的，以包含任何构形的薄膜模块。在优选的实施例中，集流箱安装在一三叶草形的总管中。三叶草形的总管之所以这样称呼是因为，当从上面看去时，总管具有三叶草的叶子的形状。虽然本发明是参考此优选的实施例描述的，但是，应当理解，总管可以将构形做成具有任何所要求的脚印，例如，它可以是直线形、矩形、正方形的、六角形的等。
按照另一个方面，本发明提供一种从许多多孔性空心纤维薄膜去掉污秽物质的方法，该薄膜安装成沿纵向按一阵列延伸，以形成一薄膜模块，该方法包括下列步骤：
向一与上述薄膜模块作流体连通的室提供一气体源；
使气体从室流入薄膜模块的底部，以在上述模块浸没在一液体中时在其中形成气泡，由此得到一经过空心纤维薄膜的表面的气泡流，并由此从多孔性空心纤维薄膜的表面上驱逐污秽物质。
气体源可以在室的本身中向室提供，或从室的下方提供。
最好是，上述室是长形的，一端敞开，而另一端则与薄膜模块作流体连通。气体优选经过室的开口端提供。
按照另一个方面，本发明提供一种从许多多孔性空心纤维薄膜去掉污秽物质的方法，该薄膜安装成沿纵向按一阵列延伸，以形成一薄膜模块，该方法包括下列步骤：
在一混合室中形成气泡和液体的混合物；
将混合物注入薄膜模块的底部，由此得到一向上的、经过空心纤维薄膜的表面的混合物流，并由此从多孔性空心纤维薄膜的表面上驱逐污秽物质。
形成混合物的步骤优先包括，将气泡裹入液体流中。最好是，气泡借用室裹入上述液体流中。更优先是，气泡借用一种装置裹入或注入上述液体流中，该装置强制地将气体混合入液体流中，以产生一种液体与气泡的混合物，这种装置包括一喷管、喷嘴、喷射器、排射管、注射器或类似物。所用的气体可包括空气、氧气、气态氯或臭氧。对于擦洗和/或吹气，空气是最经济的。气态氯可以用于擦洗、杀菌，并通过薄膜表面上的化学反应提高清理效率。除了与提到的气态氯类似的作用外，臭氧的使用有额外的特色，例如氧化DBP(杀菌副产品)的前身并将不能生物降解的NOM(天然有机物)转变成能生物降解的溶解有机碳。
如果进入混合室的空气从进入混合室的液体源偏流，则通常都是受欢迎的。优选使进入混合室的空气例如用T形接头或挡板偏流。液体最好取道喷嘴进入混合室。
按照另一方面，本发明提供一薄膜模块，它包括许多多孔性薄膜、一混合室和一装置，上述薄膜布置成彼此很靠近，该混合室与上述模块作流体连通，以用于将液体和气体混合在一起，提供清洁的混合物，该装置用于使上述清洁的混合物沿上述薄膜的表面流动，以从其驱逐污秽物质。
按照一个优选的形式，本发明提供一从许多多孔性空心纤维薄膜的表面去掉污秽物质的方法，该薄膜安装成沿纵向按一阵列延伸，以形成一薄膜模块，上述薄膜布置成彼此很靠近，该方法包括下列步骤：在混合室中形成气泡和液体的混合物，上述混合物通过上述气泡形成，该气泡通过使上述液体流过一气体源，以使上述气体被吸入和/或混合在上述液体中间被裹在上述液体中；使上述混合物流入上述薄膜块中，以使上述气泡基本均匀地在每个成上述阵列的薄膜之间经过，与上述液体流联合，冲刷上述薄膜的表面，以从薄膜模块中去掉聚集的固体。
优先的是，薄膜包括多孔性的空心纤维，该纤维在集流箱中在每一端都固定，下集流箱有一个或更多的在其中形成的孔，气体/液体的混合物就从混合室经过该孔送入。孔可以是圆的，椭圆的或做成切缝的形状。
最好是，薄膜包括多孔性的空心纤维，该纤维在每一端在许多集流箱中都固定，下集流箱的构形做成能在其间提供许多分配孔，气体/液体的混合物就从混合室经过该孔送入。
纤维通常在下端密封并在其上端敞开，以允许取出滤液，不过，在某些布置中，纤维可以在两端都敞开，以允许从一端或两端取出滤液。应当认识到，所描述的清理过程同样适用于其它形式的薄膜，如平的或板式的薄膜。
另一种方案为，薄膜可以是平的薄片或窗帘状的空心纤维模块，在集流箱中有孔，集流的构形做成平行于平的薄片。
在又一个可替代的实施例中，可以采用许多没有孔的集流箱，只要它们如此隔开，以使集流箱之间的间隙界定了用于擦洗薄膜的流体和气泡的孔。
在此可替代的方面的例子中，薄膜模块包括许多多孔性薄膜，它们按一阵列延伸并封装在集流箱中。上述模块如此安装，以使上述集流箱的构形做成能在其间提供许多分配孔，以用于将流体分配入上述模块中，并沿上述薄膜的表面分布，一室有一开口端，并有一与上述分配孔作流体连通的另一端，以用于将上述流体分配至上述分配孔中。
尤其是在下集流箱中设有孔的平薄片薄膜或窗帘状空心纤维模块的情况下，用于流体和气泡的孔或通道可以通过将模块安装成很靠近，在模块间留下间隙形成。
一个混合室可以封入若干成一阵列的模块。
按照又一方面，本发明提供一用在薄膜式生物反应器中的薄膜模块，它包括许多多孔性空心薄膜纤维，该纤维沿纵向在各自的封装头之间延伸并在每一端安装在各自的封装头上，上述薄膜纤维布置成彼此很靠近，上述纤维至少在其各自的封装端处或封装端附近划分成许多束，以便在其间形成一间隔，一混合室连至一气体和液体源上或向其敞开，上述封装头之一有在其中形成的与上述室作流体连通的孔阵列，以用于在上述模块中提供气泡，以使在使用时，上述气泡移过上述薄膜纤维的表面，从其驱逐污秽物质。
按照另一个方面，本发明提供一种用在薄膜式生物反应器中的薄膜模块，它包括许多多孔性空心薄膜纤维，该纤维沿纵向在许多各自的封装头之间延伸并在一每一端安装在各自的封装头上，上述薄膜纤维布置成彼此很靠近，上述纤维至少在其各自的封装端处或封装端附近划分成许多束，以便在其间形成一间隔，一混合室连至一气体和液体源上或向其敞开，上述封装头的构形做成在其间提供许多与上述室作流体连通的分配孔，以用于在上述模块中提供气泡，以使在使用时，上述气泡移过上述薄膜纤维的表面，从其驱逐污秽物质。
所用的液体可以供向薄膜模块。纤维和/或纤维束可以在封装头之间彼此交叉，虽然希望他们不会这样。
最好是，模块中的纤维有一(如同上面规定的)在5％左右至70％左右之间的组装密度，更好一些，在8％左右至55％左右之间。
上述孔优先有一范围为1～40mm左右的直径，更优先为在1.5左右至25mm左右的范围内。在切缝或一排孔的情况下，切缝的宽度选择成相当于上述孔的直径。
纤维内径通常为0.1mm左右至5mm左右，最好在0.25mm左右至2mm左右范围内。纤维壁厚取决于所用的材料和所要求的强度与过滤效率的关系。壁厚通常为0.05～2mm，更常用的是0.1～1mm。
本发明的薄膜模块优先在上述混合室中包括一偏流器，其构形做成使气体偏离液体源。还优选，如果本发明的薄膜模块包括一喷嘴，并由此将液体送入混合室中。
按照另一方面，本发明提供一包括一槽的薄膜式生物反应器，该槽有一用于向其送入供料的装置和一用于在上述槽中形成经过活化的淤泥的装置，一按照本发明的另一方面的薄膜模块放置在上述槽中，以便被浸没在上述淤泥中，而上述薄膜模块则备有用于从上述纤维薄膜的至少一端取出滤液的装置。
按照又一方面，本发明提供一种操作在上述方面中所述的那样类型的薄膜式生物反应器的方法，它包括：向上述槽输送供料；向上述纤维作用一真空，以从其取出滤液，同时周期地或连续地经过上述孔将在混合室中形成的清洁的气泡和液体的混合物供应至上述模块中，以使在使用时，上述清洁的混合物沿上述薄膜纤维的表面流动，以从其驱逐污秽物质。
如果需要，在槽中可以提供另一种吹气源，以促进微生物活性并减少缺氧区。薄膜模块优先在槽中垂直悬挂，而上述另一吹气源则可在悬挂的模块的下方提供。最好是，另一吹气源包括一组空气可渗透的管或盘。薄膜模块根据通量在操作时用或不用回洗。生物反应器中的高度混合的悬浮固体(5000～20000ppm)母液证明能大大减少滞留时间并提高滤液品质。对于有机物降解和薄膜清理两者，联合使用吹气，都证明能实现恒定的滤液流而不显著提高跨薄膜压力，同时又能形成MLSS的高浓度。采用划分的纤维束使之能得到较高的组装密度，而不会显著地损害气体冲刷过程，这就提供了要得到的较高的过滤效率。
附图说明
现在参考附图只作为例子描述本发明的优选的实施例，图中：
图1示出了按照本发明的一个实施例的室和薄膜模块的侧立面图；
图2示出了按照本发明的第二实施例的室和薄膜模块的侧立面图；
图3示出了按照本发明的第三实施例的室和薄膜模块的侧立面图；
图4示出了按照本发明的第四实施例的室和薄膜模块的侧立面图；
图5示出了按照本发明的第五实施例的室和薄膜模块的侧立面图；
图6示出了按照本发明的第六实施例的室和薄膜模块的侧立面图；
图7示出了按照本发明的另一实施例的室和薄膜模块的侧立面图；
图8a示出了用在本发明的混合室中的偏流器的优选的实施例；
图8b示出了用在本发明的混合室中的偏流器的另一优选的实施例；
图9示出了延伸的室和模块的直线阵列的优选的实施例。
具体实施方式
参看附图，下面将相对于在我们的较早的PCT申请No.WO98/28066和WO 00/18498中公开的那种类型的薄膜模块描述本发明的实施例，该申请在此处被结合，以作为相互参照，不过，应当认识到，本发明同样可用于其它形式的薄膜模块。
如图1所示，薄膜模块5通常包括封装在一槽7中的纤维形、管形或平片形薄膜6，该槽由一集流箱8支承。薄膜通常嵌在一支承结构中(未示出)。在所示的实施例中，集流箱8结合至一三叶草式的总管9上，后者又连接至一做有敞开的端部的、位于总管9的下面的长形室10上。薄膜模块通常浸没在一供料槽中，而薄膜的任一端或两端则可用于渗透物收集。每个薄膜模块5的底部有许多位于槽7中的通孔11，以分配经过薄膜表面的气体和液体供料的混合物。
图2示出一实施例，其中，室10用于通过在室10中提供一气源12并经过室10流动供料液体，该供料液体与从气源12产生的气流或气泡混合，产生液体/气泡混合物。在此实施例中，当薄膜模块通常垂直地悬挂在一供应槽中时，气体从上面经过三叶草总管9供给，不过，应当认识到，气体可以通过任何所要求的布置供给。室10在底部13敞开，而液体则从一管子14向上经过室10流动，以与从室10中的源12提供的气体混合。如果有需要，可以在气源12上安装一止回阀(未示出)或类似物，以防止液相进入气体总管。
在经由分配孔11供给并均匀地分布至薄膜模块5中之前，两个流体已经在室10中混合。室10可以直接连至气源12和/或液体上，或是用作捕获兼混合的装置。
参看图3，室在其作为一个用于捕获气体和/或在其下方在其底部13注射的液体流的装置时示出。因此，在分配至薄膜模块5中以前，流体的流动能集中在室10中。在此布置中，室10也是在其底部做成敞开端的，但是，气体或液体则是在敞开端的下方从一个源提供的，该源在此情况下为一管子14，而室则用于捕获这些流体的向上流，以与分配孔11连通。
在图4中示出一类似的例子。在此实施例中，一文丘里装置15或类似物放置在室10的底部13处。文丘里装置15经过入口16吸入气体，与经过供应入口17流动的液体混合或被其裹入，形成气泡，并将液体/气体混合物扩散入室10中。液体/气体混合物向上从室10穿入下集流管8并通过分配孔11。还通过来自文丘里装置15的液体/气体流经过室10的敞口端吸入液体供料。裹入的气泡擦刷薄膜表面，同时连同液体流一起向上行走。不管是液体供料还是气体，都可以是连续的或间歇的注射，这要取决于系统的要求。采用文丘里装置，就有可能形成气泡并对系统吹气，而不需要鼓风机。文丘里装置15可以是文丘里管、喷管、喷嘴、喷射器、排射器、注射器或类似物。
虽然，图3和4的实施例是作为具有做成敞开的端部的室10示出的，但是，应当认识到，也可以采用封闭的室，气体和液体直接注射入室中。
常常用于裹入气体的液体为供给水、废水或要过滤的混合物的母液。经过文丘里装置或类似物泵送这种工作液体，可产生一真空，以将气体吸入液体中，或在使用鼓风机时减小气体排放压力。通过在液体流中提供气体，就可以大大减少分配孔11的堵塞可能性。
在图5的实施例中的布置也用于减少分配孔11被大的颗粒堵塞的可能性。在此布置中，通常是空气的气体被注入三叶草形总管9中，而室10在长度方向的尺寸做成大于所要求的，以在薄膜浸没在液体中并将气体送入室10中时，提供一静压头，该静压头相当于气体流至上述分配孔11的压头损失。如同从图看到的那样，当气体从上面进入时，它在室10中迫使液体向下，直至流经分配孔11的气体与室10中的压力平衡，并形成一液体密封18，以防止气体经过室10的下面的敞口端13穿至外面。已经发现，这种布置能防止供应液体中的大颗粒流入并堵塞分配孔11。这些大的颗粒通常留在室10中并在重力下沉降，随之它们就可在常规的供应槽往下排放时被清除。
图6示出了与图3类似的布置，但是只有单独一个模块5。室10同样捕获气体或来自源12的液体/气体流，并将该流分配至槽7中的孔11中。液体/气体流以后就向上在薄膜6之间经过。在所示的实施例中，滤液从上集流箱19取出，而在两个集流箱之间则设置筛子，以支承薄膜6。
图7示出了本发明的另一实施例，其中，气体或来自源12的液体/气体流用一偏流器30在室10中被偏流。偏流器可以例如是T形接头或更特别一些为一挡板。偏流器的功能最好是防止流12与空气流或来自源14的液体发生干涉。在所示的特殊的实施例中，液体经由一喷嘴15从14流入室中。偏流器是作为固定在空气源12上并放置在其附近示出的，不过，它也可以固定在喷嘴15上并放置在其附近。另一种方案为，它可以直接固定在空气或气体源上，但是放置在二者之间。
通常优先于喷雾器而采用喷嘴。喷嘴是任何逐渐减小喉部的横截面的装置，气体或液体就通过该喉部。已经发现，喷嘴特别有利，因为它可以达到很高的流速，而只有较小的能量损失。这反过来又产生较好的混合。
图8示出按照本发明的偏流器的一种特殊的形式。
图9示出本发明一个特殊的实施例，它适合于擦刷直线的模块阵列。许多阵列连至有延伸的长度的混合室10上。气体总管12设置在混合室的下方，而液体源14则设置在气体总管的下方。最好采用喷嘴15。液体与气体在室中或其下方混合，并经由孔11出去，同时在其向上移动时擦刷纤维6。
应当认识到，可以有本发明的其它实施例和例示，而不脱离所描述的本发明的精神或范围。
Claims (53)
1.一薄膜模块，包括许多多孔性的薄膜，它们按一阵列延伸，并至少在一端装在一集流箱中，上述集流箱有许多分配孔，以用于将流体分配至上述模块中并沿上述薄膜的表面分布流体，一室有一开口端，并有一与上述分配孔作流体连通的另一端，以用于将上述流体分配至上述分配孔中。
2.如权利要求1的薄膜模块，其特征为，室是长形的。
3.如权利要求1或2的薄膜模块，其特征为，上述室的长度大于所需要的长度，以提供一静压头，当薄膜浸没在一液体中并将气体送入室中时，该静压头相当于气体流至上述分配孔的压头损失。
4.如前述权利要求的任一项的薄膜模块，其特征为，流体为气体。
5.如权利要求1至3的任一项的薄膜模块，其特征为，流体为气体和液体的混合物。
6.如前述权利要求的任一项的薄膜模块，其特征为，室在所有各侧都封闭。
7.如前述权利要求的任一项的薄膜模块，其特征为，集流箱安装在一三叶草形的总管中。
8.如权利要求1至6的任一项的薄膜模块，其特征为，集流箱安装在直线形、矩形、正方形或六角形的总管中。
9.如前述权利要求的任一项的薄膜模块，其特征为，室有许多侧面，它们放置成直接在一集流箱或许多集流箱下面，形成一个裙部。
10.如前述权利要求的任一项的薄膜模块阵列，其按延伸的直线阵列的形式布置，其特征为，室有封闭的长的侧面。
11.如权利要求10的薄膜模块阵列，其形式为延伸的直线阵列，其特征为，室有未封闭的短的侧面。
12.一种薄膜模块组件，它包括许多多孔性薄膜，该薄膜按一阵列延伸并至少在一端安装在许多各自的集流箱中，上述集流箱的形状的构形做成在其间提供许多分配孔，以将一流体分配入上述薄膜模块组件中，并沿上述薄膜的表面分布流体，一室有一敞口端和一与上述分配孔作流体连通的另一端，以用于将上述流体分配至上述分配孔中。
13.如权利要求12的薄膜模块组件，其特征为，室是长的。
14.如权利要求12或13的薄膜模块组件，其特征为，上述室的长度大于所需要的长度，以提供一静压头，当薄膜浸没在一液体中并将气体送入室中时，该静压头相当于气体流至上述分配孔的压头损失。
15.如权利要求12至14的任一项的薄膜模块组件，其特征为，流体为气体。
16.如权利要求12至15的任一项的薄膜模块组件，其特征为，流体为气体和液体的混合物。
17.如权利要求12至16的任一项的薄膜模块组件，其特征为，室在所有侧面都封闭。
18.如权利要求12至17的任一项的薄膜模块组件，其特征为，集流箱安装在一三叶草形的总管中。
19.如权利要求12至17的任一项的薄膜模块组件，其特征为，集流箱安装在直线形、矩形、正方形或六角形的总管中。
20.如权利要求12至19的任一项的薄膜模块组件，其特征为，室有许多侧面，它们放置成直接在集流箱或许多集流箱下面，形成一个裙部。
21.在按延伸的直线阵列的形式布置时，如权利要求12至20的任一项的薄膜组件，其特征为，室有封闭的长的侧面。
22.其形式为延伸的直线阵列的如权利要求12至21的任一项的薄膜组件，其特征为，室有未封闭的短的侧面。
23.一种从许多多孔性空心纤维薄膜去掉污秽物质的方法，该薄膜安装成沿纵向按一阵列延伸，以形成一薄膜模块，该方法包括下列步骤：
向一与上述薄膜模块作流体连通的室提供一气体源；
使气体从室流入薄膜模块的底部，以在上述模块浸没在一液体中时在其中形成气泡，由此得到一经过空心纤维薄膜的表面的气泡流，并由此从多孔性空心纤维薄膜的表面上驱逐污秽物质。
24.如权利要求23的方法，其特征为，送至室中的气源在室中提供。
25.如权利要求23的方法，其特征为，送至室中的气源从室的下方提供。
26.如权利要求23的方法，其特征为，上述室是长形的，一端敞开，而另一端则与薄膜模块作流体连通。
27.如权利要求26的方法，其特征为，气体经过室的敞开端提供。
28.一种从许多多孔性空心纤维薄膜去掉污秽物质的方法，该薄膜安装成沿纵向按一阵列延伸，以形成一薄膜模块，该方法包括下列步骤：
在一混合室中形成气泡和液体的混合物；
将混合物注入薄膜模块的底部，由此得到一向上的、经过空心纤维薄膜的表面的混合物流，并由此从多孔性空心纤维薄膜的表面上驱逐污秽物质。
29.如权利要求28的方法，其特征为，形成混合物的步骤包括将气泡裹入液体流中。
30.如权利要求29的方法，其特征为，气泡借助室裹入上述液体流中。
31.如权利要求29的方法，其特征为，气泡借助一种装置裹入或注入上述液体流中，该装置强制地将气体混合入液体流中，以产生一种液体与气泡的混合物。
32.如权利要求23至31的任一项的方法，其特征为，进入混合室的空气被偏流。
33.如权利要求32的方法，其特征为，进入混合室的空气用一T形件或挡板偏流。
34.如权利要求32或33的方法，其特征为，进入混合室的空气用一喷嘴从进入混合室的液体偏流。
35.一薄膜模块，它包括许多多孔性薄膜、一混合室和一装置，上述薄膜布置成彼此很靠近，该混合室与上述模块作流体连通，以用于将液体和气泡混合在一起，提供清洁的混合物，该装置用于使上述清洁的混合物沿上述薄膜的表面流动，以从该处驱逐污秽物质。
36.一从许多多孔性空心纤维薄膜的表面去掉污秽物质的方法，该薄膜安装成沿纵向按一阵列延伸，以形成一薄膜模块，上述薄膜布置成彼此很靠近，该方法包括下列步骤：在混合室中形成气泡和液体的混合物，上述混合物通过上述气泡形成，该气泡通过使上述液体流过一气体源，以使上述气体被吸入和/或混合在上述液体中而被裹在上述液体中；使上述混合物流入上述薄膜模块中，以使上述气泡基本均匀地在每个成上述阵列的各薄膜之间经过，与上述液体流联合，冲刷上述薄膜的表面，以从薄膜模块中去掉聚集的固体。
37.如权利要求36的方法，其特征为，薄膜包括多孔性的空心纤维，该纤维在集流箱中在每一端都固定，下集流箱有一个或更多的在其中形成的孔，气体/液体的混合物就从混合室经过该孔送入。
38.如权利要求37的方法，其特征为，孔是圆的、椭圆的或做成切缝的形状。
39.如权利要求36的方法，其特征为，薄膜包括多孔性的空心纤维，该纤维在每一端在许多集流箱中都固定，下集流箱的构形做成能在其间提供许多分配孔，气体/液体的混合物就从混合室经过该孔送入。
40.一种用在薄膜式生物反应器中的薄膜模块，它包括许多多孔性空心薄膜纤维，该纤维沿纵向在各自的封装头之间延伸并在每一端安装在各自的封装头上，上述薄膜纤维布置成彼此很靠近，上述纤维至少在其各自的封装端处或封装端附近划分成许多束，以便在其间形成一间隔，一混合室连至一气体和液体源上或向其敞开，上述封装头之一有在其中形成的与上述室作流体连通的孔阵列，以用于在上述模块中提供气泡，以使在使用时，上述气泡移过上述薄膜纤维的表面，从其上驱逐污秽物质。
41.一种用在薄膜式生物反应器中的薄膜模块组件，它包括许多多孔性空心薄膜纤维，该纤维沿纵向在许多各自的封装头之间延伸并在一每一端安装在各自的封装头上，上述薄膜纤维布置成彼此很靠近，上述纤维至少在其各自的封装端处或封装端附近划分成许多束，以便在其间形成一间隔，一混合室连至一气体和液体源上或向其敞开，上述封装头的构形做成在其间提供许多与上述室作流体连通的分配孔，以用于在上述模块组件中提供气泡，以使在使用时，上述气泡移过上述薄膜纤维的表面，从其上驱逐污秽物质。
42.如权利要求40或41的薄膜模块或组件，其特征为，所用的液体被供至薄膜模块中。
43.如权利要求40至42的任一项的薄膜模块或组件，其特征为，模块中的纤维有一在5％左右至70％左右之间的组装密度。
44.如权利要求43的薄膜模块或组件，其特征为，组装密度在8％左右至55％左右之间。
45.如权利要求40至44的任一项的薄膜模块或组件，其特征为，上述孔有一在1～40mm左右的范围内的直径。
46.如权利要求45的薄膜模块或组件，其特征为，上述孔有一在1.5mm左右至25mm左右的范围内的直径。
47.如权利要求40至46的任一项的薄膜模块或组件，它在上述混合室中包括一偏流器，其构形做成使气体偏离液体源。
48.如权利要求1至9，12至22，35或40至47的任一项的薄膜模块或组件，它包括一喷嘴，液体由此被送入混合室中。
49.一种薄膜式生物反应器，它包括一槽，该槽有一用于向其送入供料的装置和一用于在上述槽中形成经过活化的淤泥的装置，一按照权利要求1至9、12至22、35或40至48的任一项的薄膜模块或组件放置在上述槽中，以便被浸没在上述淤泥中，而上述薄膜模块则备有用于从上述纤维薄膜的至少一端取出滤液的装置。
50.操作如权利要求49的类型的薄膜式生物反应器的方法，它包括：向上述槽输送供料；向上述纤维作用一真空，以从其取出滤液，同时周期地或连续地经过上述孔将在混合室中形成的清洁的气泡和液体的混合物供应至上述模块中，以使在使用时，上述清洁的混合物沿上述薄膜纤维的表面流动，以从其上驱逐污秽物质。
51.如权利要求49的薄膜式生物反应器，其特征为，在槽中提供另一种吹气源，以促进微生物活性。
52.如权利要求51的薄膜式生物反应器，其特征为，薄膜模块垂直地悬挂在槽中，而上述另一吹气源则在悬挂的模块的下方提供。
53.如权利要求52的薄膜式生物反应器，其特征为，另一吹气源包括一组空气可渗透的管。
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- 2003-12-05 EP EP03767293A patent/EP1567249B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-05 NZ NZ540525A patent/NZ540525A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-12-05 JP JP2004555885A patent/JP4583929B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-05 DE DE60336841T patent/DE60336841D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-05 ES ES03767293T patent/ES2364044T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2003-12-05 WO PCT/AU2003/001632 patent/WO2004050221A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-12-05 CA CA2508423A patent/CA2508423C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2003-12-05 BR BR0316992-8A patent/BR0316992A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-12-05 CN CN2003801084945A patent/CN1735452B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-05 KR KR1020057010079A patent/KR100984628B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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| US9764288B2 (en) | 2007-04-04 | 2017-09-19 | Evoqua Water Technologies Llc | Membrane module protection |
| CN111203111A (zh) * | 2007-05-29 | 2020-05-29 | 懿华水处理技术有限责任公司 | 使用脉冲气提泵的膜清洗 |
| CN106040002B (zh) * | 2007-05-29 | 2020-01-10 | 懿华水处理技术有限责任公司 | 使用脉冲气提泵的膜清洗 |
| CN109107392A (zh) * | 2007-05-29 | 2019-01-01 | 懿华水处理技术有限责任公司 | 使用脉冲气提泵的膜清洗 |
| CN106040002A (zh) * | 2007-05-29 | 2016-10-26 | 伊沃夸水处理技术有限责任公司 | 使用脉冲气提泵的膜清洗 |
| CN103118766B (zh) * | 2010-09-24 | 2016-04-13 | 伊沃夸水处理技术有限责任公司 | 膜过滤系统的流体控制歧管 |
| CN103118766A (zh) * | 2010-09-24 | 2013-05-22 | 西门子工业公司 | 膜过滤系统的流体控制歧管 |
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| US11065569B2 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2021-07-20 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Singapore Pte. Ltd. | Manifold arrangement |
| CN107107081A (zh) * | 2014-11-14 | 2017-08-29 | 三星工程株式会社 | 气‑液混合分配装置、管壳式换热器 |
| CN105036315A (zh) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-11-11 | 厦门绿邦膜技术有限公司 | 一种曝气中空纤维膜组件及其连接结构 |
| WO2020256465A3 (ko) * | 2019-06-21 | 2021-04-15 | 서울시립대학교산학협력단 | 야생형 및 표면 작용기가 변형된 미생물 바이오필름을 이용한 나노플라스틱 제거방법 |
| CN110575579A (zh) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-12-17 | 中国科学技术大学 | 一种改善血液流动的透析增强型血液透析器 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2508423A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
| AU2002953111A0 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
| NZ540525A (en) | 2007-05-31 |
| JP4583929B2 (ja) | 2010-11-17 |
| DE60336841D1 (de) | 2011-06-01 |
| KR100984628B1 (ko) | 2010-09-30 |
| WO2004050221A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
| ATE506113T1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
| BR0316992A (pt) | 2005-10-25 |
| EP1567249A4 (en) | 2006-01-11 |
| CA2508423C (en) | 2014-04-15 |
| EP1567249A1 (en) | 2005-08-31 |
| US8372282B2 (en) | 2013-02-12 |
| CN1735452B (zh) | 2010-04-28 |
| US20070007214A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
| JP2006508786A (ja) | 2006-03-16 |
| ES2364044T3 (es) | 2011-08-23 |
| EP1567249B1 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
| KR101083170B1 (ko) | 2011-11-11 |
| AU2003291835B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
| AU2003291835A1 (en) | 2004-06-23 |
| KR20050085341A (ko) | 2005-08-29 |
| KR20100017993A (ko) | 2010-02-16 |
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