CN1748239A - 具有使用数据线电容的集成的数－模转换器的液晶显示器 - Google Patents

具有使用数据线电容的集成的数－模转换器的液晶显示器 Download PDF

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CN1748239A
CN1748239A CNA2004800036351A CN200480003635A CN1748239A CN 1748239 A CN1748239 A CN 1748239A CN A2004800036351 A CNA2004800036351 A CN A2004800036351A CN 200480003635 A CN200480003635 A CN 200480003635A CN 1748239 A CN1748239 A CN 1748239A
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mosfet
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弗雷德里克·P·赫尔曼
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Kopin Corp
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    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
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    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
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    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
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    • G09G2300/04—Structural and physical details of display devices
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    • G09G2310/0264—Details of driving circuits
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3607—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals for displaying colours or for displaying grey scales with a specific pixel layout, e.g. using sub-pixels

Abstract

一种能使用LCD的数个列线对上的列负荷电容将数字数据转换成模拟数据的装置和方法。所述装置包括包含数字数据的数据总线。行缓冲器与数据总线耦合用来接收和分配数字数据。开关网络与行缓冲器耦合，用来使用LCD的数个列线对上的列负荷电容将从行缓冲器收到的数字数据转换成模拟数据。

Description

具有使用数据线电容的集成的数-模转换器 的液晶显示器
相关的申请
这份申请要求在此通过引证将其全部教导并入于2003年2月11日提出的第60/446,651号美国专利临时申请的利益。
本发明的现有技术
液晶显示器(LCD)装置通常由薄膜电路元件(象素)的二维阵列组成。每个象素都与液晶材料共同作用以便允许或阻止光线通过液晶材料柱。象素阵列的实际大小是应用确定的。
举例来说，二维(2D)阵列可以包括两组沿着垂直方向延伸的导线。沿着一个方向延伸的每条线能将信号提供给阵列中的列；沿着另一个方向延伸的每条线能将信号提供给阵列中的行。
传统上，2D阵列中的每个行列位置包括一个象素，该象素响应在适合于该象素的行和列组合的线上的信号。通过一组被直观地称为“数据线”的平行线，每个象素接收决定其状态的信号。通过另一组被直观地称为“扫描线”的平行线，沿着一条扫描线的每个象素接收准许该象素从其数据线接收信号的信号。
在传统的阵列中，每条扫描线提供周期性的扫描信号，以准许与所述扫描线连接的每个象素中的元器件在每个周期中短暂的时间间隔期间接收来自它的数据线的信号。所以，扫描信号与数据线上的信号的严格同步对成功的阵列操作是至关重要的。严格同步依次要求给数据线的驱动信号具有精确的时间安排。
驱动数据线的电路被称为“数据扫描器”。驱动扫描线的电路被称为“选择扫描器”。
所述阵列是在通常是在玻璃或石英的基体上建造的。象素阵列需要驱动和接口电路，而且在大多数情况下这个电路是模拟电路而不是数字电路，从而使该电路有能力递送或测知多种输入信号。然而，在许多应用中，视频信号以数字形式出现，而且必须转换成模拟形式来驱动显示器。适当的数模转换(DAC)电路能使用传统的硅集成电路(ICs)中众所周知的技术建造。这些集成电路被安装在包含象素阵列的基体之上或附近，而且在两个集成电路之间形成大量的电连接。显示器的外设驱动器、接口芯片、安装和电连接的成本在包含显示器的系统的总成本中能构成相当大的比例。
本发明的概述
如果能通过在基体上集成适当的电路取消或大大减少硅集成电路和连接，那么系统成本能减少而且它的可靠性也能提高。
一种装置和方法通过使用LCD的列线对上的列负荷电容将数字数据转换成模拟数据。所述装置可以包括包含数字数据的数据总线。行缓冲器能与数据总线耦合用来接收和分配数字数据。开关网络能与行缓冲器耦合以便使用LCD的列线对上的列负荷电容将从行缓冲器收到的数字数据转换成模拟数据。
开关网络可以包括众多的切换装置，其中每个切换装置都能与LCD中各自的列线对耦合。每个切换装置可以包括能接收来自行缓冲器的数字数据的逻辑电路和至少三个能将从逻辑电路收到的数字数据转换成模拟数据并且通过各自的列线传输所述模拟数据的MOSFET(金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)。MOSFET可能是n-沟道MOSFET、p-沟道MOSFET、或n-沟道和p-沟道MOSFET的组合。
所述列线对的第一列线能与第一列象素中的交替象素耦合，而所述列线对的第二列线能与第二列象素中的交替象素耦合。第一列线的象素相对于第二列线的象素能处在交替的行中。所述象素可以是按矩形布局安排的，或所述象素可以是按三角形布局安排的。
附图简要说明
本发明上述的和其它的目的、特征和优势从下面用相似的参考字符在不同的视图中处处表示同一部份的附图举例说明的本发明的特定的实施方案的更具体的描述将变得更加明显。这些图画不必依比例绘制，而是用于举例强调说明本发明的原则。
图1是现有技术的数据扫描器的示意图；
图2A是用于适合于图1的数据扫描器的黑白(B/W)显示器的典型的象素布局示意图；
图2B是用于适合于图1的数据扫描器的彩色显示器的典型的象素布局示意图；
图2C是图2A和2B的典型象素的电路图；
图3A-3I是图1中将数字信号转换成模拟信号的DAC的电路图；
图4是依照本发明的实施方案的数据扫描器的示意图；
图5A是图4所示的数据扫描器的典型象素布局示意图；
图5B是图4所示的数据扫描器的典型象素布局示意图；而
图6是图4所示的开关装置的电路图。
本发明的详细描述
图1展示LCD100的数据扫描器50和列负荷电容160。数据扫描器50包括集成的DAC140和放大器150，以便驱动显示器100的列负荷电容160。所述配置能用来驱动黑白(B/W)或彩色显示器的列负荷电容160。通常，行缓冲器110分配在从时钟120收到的脉冲期间从数据总线130到达DAC 140的数字数据。这些DAC140并行操作并且接收数字数据而且将数字数据转换成模拟信号。因为这些DAC140通常提供高阻抗输出，所以显示器应用需要放大器150来驱动列负荷电容160。具体地说，开关电容器DAC140需要放大器150，因为列负荷电容160通常大于实际上可实现的DAC电容器330、340(图3A-3I)。因此，放大器150将较大的输出提供给显示器100的列线135的列负荷电容160。
图2A展示用于按“矩形”安排象素200的显示器100的典型的象素阵列和列线135的布局，而图2B展示用于按“三角形”安排象素的显示器100的典型的象素阵列和列线135的布局。“矩形的”安排通常用于B/W显示器，而“三角形的”安排通常用于彩色显示器。本领域普通技术人员应该理解“矩形的”和“三角形的”安排都能用于B/W或彩色显示器。字母RGB代表用于彩色显示器的红色、绿色和蓝色而且是技术上众所周知的。矩形的象素200被用在黑白和彩色显示器中，通常正方形象素用于单色，而矩形条纹(高度/宽度比＝3∶1)用于彩色。
图2C展示图2A和2B所示的典型象素200的电路图。典型象素200包括MOSFET晶体管220和电容器160。每个象素200都被接到行线210和列线135上。行线210控制开启和关闭象素的MOSFET220的门极。当MOSFET220被接通的时候，象素200是由列线135上的列负荷电容160(图1)驱动的。
图3A-3I展示将数字信号转换成模拟信号的开关电容器DAC140。简单的位串行DAC140包括两个电容器330、340和两个开关310、320。开关310可以与高电平连接、与低电平连接，或者是开启的。开关320可以连接电容器330和340的顶板，或者可以是开启的。使用较多的电容器和适当的开关配置的位并行DAC也能使用。在这个例子中，如同图3A-3I连续地展示的那样，16位数字输入代码(1101或十进制数16)被转换成13/16VFS的模拟信号，其中VFS＝满刻度输出电压。
在使用开关电容器DAC140和相关联的放大器150的时候(图1)，出现许多问题。首先，DAC140的电容器330、340为了可预期的电荷分享必须正确匹配。图3A-3I的例子依靠电容器330、340相等，以致当开关320闭合的时候，电荷被相等地分享。其次，将这些DAC140集成在细距列线135上是困难的，因为需要较大的面积用于正确匹配的DAC电容器330，340。如果DAC电容器330、340太小，那么不合乎需要的的寄生电容变得更重要。第三，将许多放大器150(图1)集成在显示器100上是困难的，因为放大器150需要是低功率的，有良好的匹配(即，避免图像中的垂直线)，和与细距列线集成在一起。最后，因为尺寸限制，为了共享DAC140和放大器150，可能需要多工器，从而使显示器100变得更复杂。
本发明的实施方案取消了对特殊的开关电容器DAC140和它们相关的放大器150的需要。如图4所示，数据扫描器50的DAC140和放大器150(图1-3I)被开关网络代替，后者利用列线电容160将数字信号转换成模拟信号。换言之，新的开关电容器DAC是使用开关网络和列负荷电容160作为DAC电容器构成的。在这种配置中，行缓冲器110将从数据总线130抵达的数字数据在收到来自时钟120的脉冲时分配给开关410。开关410使用列线对135的列负荷电容160将数字数据转换成模拟信号。
图5A展示在显示器采用矩形布局时使用开关410和列负荷电容160将数字信号转换成模拟信号所必需的象素阵列布局连接，而图5B展示显示器采用三角形布局之时的象素阵列布局连接显示。如所示，矩形布局通常用于B/W显示器而“三角形”布局通常用于彩色显示器。每个列线对500被接到每行中的一个象素200上。如果它们左边和右边连接的象素200的数目相同，那么列线对500已与列电容匹配。列线对500的使用提供较多的显示面积，这将减少有效象素孔径。然而，在预期的技术中，象素孔径受光学问题、LC和其它问题的限制而不受互连程度的限制。
图6展示图4中的开关410的电路图。开关410包括五个MOSFET晶体管610、620、630、640和650。每个MOSFET的门极都与逻辑电路660连接。逻辑电路660包含从行缓冲器110(图4)收到的数字数据而且将数字数据分配给这些MOSFET。MOSFET610和630完成图3中开关310的类似操作。MOSFET610能将该列驱动到高电平VFS，MOSFET630能将它驱动到低电平，或这两个MOSFET能被关掉以便断开连接。类似地，MOSFET650完成图3中开关320的类似操作，将两列连接起来使电荷相等。非必选的MOSFET620和640是为与MOSFET610和630对称准备的。该电路能在电荷在右边列线上积累的同时用驱动左边列线的MOSFET610和630操作，或相反在电荷在左边列线上积累的同时用驱动右边列线的MOSFET620和640操作。
图6将n-沟道MOSFET用于开关。然而，P-沟道MOSFET或n-和p-沟道MOSFET的互补对也可以使用。使用众所周知的技术(其中补偿MOSFET的源极和漏极被接到开关的高阻抗一侧，补偿MOSFET的门极是借助开关MOSFET的门极的逻辑反转驱动的，而且补偿MOSFET的大小是开关MOSFET的一半)，附加的MOSFET可以被用于取消电荷注入。
尽管这项发明已经参照其特定的实施方案已被具体地展示和描述，但是本领域普通技术人员将理解在不脱离权利要求书所囊括的本发明的范围的情况下可以在形式和细节方面实现各种不同的改变。

Claims (18)

1.一种用来驱动液晶显示器(LCD)的数据扫描器，其中包括：
数据总线，所述数据总线包含数字数据；
与数据总线耦合用来接收和分配从数据总线收到的数字数据的行缓冲器；以及
与行缓冲器耦合的开关网络，所述的开关网络使用LCD的数个列线对上的列负荷电容将从行缓冲器收到数字数据转换成模拟数据。
2.根据权利要求1的数据扫描器，其中所述开关网络包括众多切换装置，每个切换装置与LCD中各自的列线对耦合。
3.根据权利要求2的装置，其中每个切换装置包括：
一个逻辑电路，所述逻辑电路接收来自行缓冲器的数字数据；至少三个MOSFET(金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)，所述的MOSFET将从逻辑电路收到数字数据转换成模拟数据并且通过各自的列线传输模拟数据。
4.根据权利要求3的装置，其中所述的MOSFET是n-沟道MOSFET。
5.根据权利要求3的装置，其中所述的MOSFET是p-沟道MOSFET。
6.根据权利要求3的装置，其中所述的MOSFET是n-沟道MOSFET和p-沟道MOSFET的组合。
7.根据权利要求1的装置，其中所述列线对中的第一列线与第一列象素中交替的象素耦合，而所述线列对中的第二列线与第二列象素中交替的象素耦合，第一列线的象素相对于第二列线的象素处在交替的行中。
8.根据权利要求7的装置，其中象素是按矩形布局安排的。
9.根据权利要求7的装置，其中象素是按三角形布局安排的。
10.一种用来驱动液晶显示器(LCD)的方法，其中包括：
接收行缓冲器中的数字数据；
将数字数据分配给开关网络；
使用LCD的数个列线对上的列负荷电容将数字数据转换成模拟数据。
11.根据权利要求10的方法，其中所述开关网络包括众多切换装置，每个切换装置与LCD中各自的列线对耦合。
12.根据权利要求11的方法，其中每个切换装置包括：
逻辑电路，所述逻辑电路接收来自行缓冲器的数字数据；
以及至少三个MOSFET，所述的MOSFET将从逻辑电路收到的数字数据转换成模拟数据并且通过各自的列线传输模拟数据。
13.根据权利要求12的方法，其中所述的MOSFET是n-沟道MOSFET。
14.根据权利要求12的方法，其中所述的MOSFET是p-沟道MOSFET。
15.根据权利要求12的方法，其中所述的MOSFET是n-沟道MOSFET和p-沟道MOSFET的组合。
16.根据权利要求10的方法，其中所述列线对中的第一列线与第一列象素中的交替象素耦合，而所述列线对中的第二列线与第二列象素中的交替象素耦合，第一列线的象素相对于第二列线中的象素处在交替的行中。
17.根据权利要求16的方法，其中象素是按矩形布局安排的。
18.根据权利要求16的方法，其中象素是按三角形布局安排的。
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