CN1805539A - 用于改进观众计量的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于改进观众计量的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1805539A
CN1805539A CNA2004100491160A CN200410049116A CN1805539A CN 1805539 A CN1805539 A CN 1805539A CN A2004100491160 A CNA2004100491160 A CN A2004100491160A CN 200410049116 A CN200410049116 A CN 200410049116A CN 1805539 A CN1805539 A CN 1805539A
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user
information
program
spectators
application
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戴维·M.·博莱佐斯基
迈克尔·D.·埃利斯
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TV Guide International Inc
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Prevue International Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于改进观众计量的系统和方法，具体公开了一种用于计量节目的观众信息的系统和方法。描述用于向互动电视应用的用户提供观众信息的系统和方法。

Description

用于改进观众计量的系统和方法
本发明申请是2001年3月30日申请的申请号为01807308.5、发明名称为“用于改进观众计量的系统和方法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
本专利申请提出对2000年3月31日提交的美国临时专利申请60/193952的权利要求。
技术领域
本发明涉及电视观众计量系统，并更具体地涉及用于个人录像系统的观众计量系统。
背景技术
视频和音频媒介，如电视节目、按次计费节目、就近视频点播(NVOD)节目、视频点播(VOD)节目、音乐、促销材料或其它类型的媒介，一般通过有线和无线的网络分配给观众。目前，观众计量系统仅仅基于被收看或被录制的媒介如广播，计量观众的规模。
然而，这些媒介的观众和听众一般把这些媒介录制在录像带、盒式录音磁带和其它存储介质上。就在最近，已开发出允许用户空前灵活地管理他们的观看经验和录制媒介的产品。个人录像机(PVR)，如由TIVOTM和REPLAYTM提供的个人录像机，在硬盘驱动器或其它数字存储器上录制节目。用户可以排定需录制的节目，并在以后重放它们。这些系统还实时录制用户正在观看的节目，并允许例如在用户必须离开房间时暂停实时节目。用户返回后可从离开时的那点继续观看节目，并且，甚至可以快进通过商业广告节目，直到他们到达节目正在播放的那点为止。用户还可倒回节目。用户也可在收看或收听一些媒介的同时录制其它媒介。
随着这些和其它新技术的出现，传统的观众计量方法对于计量观众数量不再是最佳的，因为它们只基于被收看或被录制的媒介如广播，计量观众的数量。这些方法不考虑个人录制的节目在将来的观看。另外，希望为用户提供观众计量方法，以引导他们选择媒介。
因此，本发明的目的是提供计量观众数量并为用户提供观众数量信息的系统和方法。
发明内容
通过计量观众数量和向用户提供观众数量信息，本发明的这个和其它的目的根据本发明的原理而实现。本发明的各个实施例和特征例如在1999年3月31日提交的美国临时专利申请060/193952中描述，此专利申请的全部内容在此引作参考。
本发明的一些实施例可向用户提供节目的观众信息，以便指示媒介的受欢迎程度。节目包括：电视节目、按次计费(PPV)节目、就近视频点播(NVOD)节目、视频点播(VOD)节目、音乐、广告、促销材料、任何其它的视频或音频媒介、或它们的任意适当组合。观众信息例如包括：特定节目的收视率、观众数量或观众占有率；特定节目的市场占有率；或任何其它合适的信息。观众信息可通过常规装置或根据媒介的重放或录制来获得。
本发明的一些实施例可把观众信息叠加到以下显示上：如用户正在观看的节目、应用显示或其它适当的显示。例如，当用户从引导应用选择媒介清单时，当用户浏览节目清单时，或者当用户选择需重放的录制媒介时，可显示观众信息。例如，观众信息向用户提供正在被实时收看和/或录制的节目的观众数量。观众信息可用任何适当的被动或互动的文本、图形、动画、视频、音频、它们的任意组合、或任何其它合适的内容来提供。在一些实施例中，当用户首次访问显示时，观众信息可显示一段预定长度的时间，然后观众信息消失(如逐渐隐去)。本发明的一些实施例只根据用户的请求提供观众信息。在一些实施例中，观众信息可在音频媒介上播放。
本发明的一些实施例可跟踪广告(如商业广告或任何其它的促销材料)以决定广告对用户的出现机会，并且提供广告观众信息。广告观众信息例如包括广告收视率、广告的观众数量、广告的市场占有率、或任何其它与广告或它们的观众有关的适当信息。广告观众信息可叠加在广告上，可在用户选择广告时显示，可在用户浏览广告时显示，可在用户选择需重放的录制媒介时显示，或使用任何其它适当的方法显示。广告观众信息可使用任何适当的被动或互动的文本、图形、动画、视频、音频、它们的任意组合、或任何其它合适的内容来提供。
在本发明的一些实施例中，观众计量和向用户提供观众信息可以由互动电视应用，如互动电视节目引导或其它适当的引导应用，来执行。在本发明的一些实施例中，它们的显示例如向用户提供浏览节目(当前或录制的)的媒介清单的机会，并向用户提供观众计量。
观众信息可用任何适当的方法分配给用户设备。例如，在分配媒介时，可自动地分配所有媒介或媒介子集的观众信息。观众信息可以随媒介(如在垂直消隐间隔(VBI)中或在数字域内)一起提供，或者与媒介分开提供。在一些实施例中，观众信息在需要显示时就向服务器请求。
附图说明
从以下结合附图的详细描述中，本发明以上的和其它的目的和优点将显而易见，在所有附图中相同的参考号指相同的部件，在附图中：
图1为根据本发明一个实施例的说明性系统的示意框图。
图2A-2E示出根据本发明各个实施例的图1互动应用设备的说明性布置。
图3为根据本发明一个实施例的图2A-2E中用户电视设备的说明性示意框图。
图4为根据本发明一个实施例的图3中说明性用户电视设备的一般性示意框图。
图5为根据本发明一个实施例的当用户调谐到频道时可由互动电视应用显示的说明性显示。
图6为根据本发明一个实施例的向用户提供观众信息的说明性显示。
图7为根据本发明一个实施例的当用户浏览节目时由互动电视应用显示的说明性显示。
图8为根据本发明一个实施例的当用户浏览媒介清单时由互动电视应用显示的说明性显示。
图9为根据本发明一个实施例的由互动电视应用显示的说明性显示，用于向用户提供媒介的辅助信息。
图10为根据本发明一个实施例的由互动电视应用显示的说明性显示，用于向用户提供辅助观众信息菜单。
图11为根据本发明一个实施例的、当用户选择媒介以比较观众信息时由互动电视应用显示的说明性显示。
图12为根据本发明一个实施例的由互动电视应用显示的说明性显示，用于提供观众信息比较。
图13为根据本发明一个实施例的由互动电视应用显示的说明性显示，用于提供节目中某些部分的观众信息。
图14为根据本发明一个实施例的由互动电视应用显示的说明性显示，用于提供某些类型节目的观众信息。
图15为根据本发明一个实施例的由互动电视应用显示的说明性显示，用于提供节目分时段的观众信息。
图16为根据本发明一个实施例的由互动电视应用显示的说明性显示，用于提供基于用户的观众信息。
图17为根据本发明一个实施例的在向用户提供基于调谐节目或录制节目的观众信息时所涉及的说明性步骤的流程图。
图18为根据本发明一个实施例的在向用户提供基于重放信息的观众信息时所涉及的说明性步骤的流程图。
图19为根据本发明一个实施例的在决定和分配观众信息时所涉及的说明性步骤的流程图。
图20为根据本发明一个实施例的在向用户提供即将播出节目的观众信息时所涉及的说明性步骤的流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明的互动电视应用可基于许多不同的硬件平台。用于执行节目引导的合适硬件包括诸如卫星接收器、个人计算机电视(PC/TV)、个人计算机(如具有电视调谐卡的PC)或有线机顶盒的硬件、或者任何其它合适的硬件。在一些实施例中，互动电视应用可以是计量观众信息或提供观众信息的观众计量应用。在一些实施例中，互动电视应用可以是互动电视节目引导。例如，在Knee等的美国专利5589892和Knudson等于1999年7月16日提交的美国专利申请09/357941中描述说明性的互动电视节目引导系统，这些专利和专利申请的全部内容在此引作参考。例如，在Ellis等于1999上8月13日提交的美国专利申请09/374043中描述客户服务器节目引导系统，此专利申请的全部内容在此引作参考。又例如，在Boyer等于1997年9月18日提交的美国专利申请08/938028中描述在线节目引导系统，此专利申请的全部内容在此引作参考。
互动节目引导或其它互动电视应用允许用户在数字或模拟存储器(如，录像带、硬盘、软盘、闪存、可记录光盘(CD)、或记录数字多用途盘(DVD)、或任何其它类型的存储器)上录制节目。例如，在Hassell等于1998年9月17日提交的美国专利申请09/157256中描述具有数字存储器的互动节目引导，此专利申请的全部内容在此引作参考。媒介的录制也可通过节目引导或其它服务器来执行。例如，在Ellis等于1999年6月11日提交的美国专利申请09/332244中描述具有远程服务器录制的基于客户服务器的节目引导，此专利申请的全部内容在此引作参考。在线节目引导也可录制节目或指导用户设备录制节目。
图1示出根据本发明一个实施例的说明性系统100。主装置120从应用数据源160经通讯链110向互动应用设备130提供应用数据。可以有多个应用数据源，但只示出一个以避免使本图太过复杂。如果需要，应用数据源可以位于与主装置120分开的装置中，如位于本地信息服务150上，并且，应用数据源把它们的数据提供给主装置120，以便定位和分配。应用数据源160可以是任何合适的计算机或基于计算机的系统，它们用于(例如从操作员人工地、通过计算机网络或其它连接或通过存储介质电气地)获得数据并且由主装置120把这些数据作成电子形式，以便分配。链110可以是卫星链、电话网络链、电缆或光纤链、微波链、因特网链、这些链的组合、或任何其它合适的通讯链。如果需要，视频信号也可通过链110传输。
本地信息服务150可以是任何用于获得局部区域专用数据并通过通讯链140向主装置120提供所述数据的适当装置。例如，本地信息服务150为测量气象数据的本地气象站、收集本地中学和大学体育信息的本地报纸、或任何其它合适的信息供应商。本地信息服务150可以是具有计算机的本地商务或任何其它合适的信息供应商，本地商务例如用于向主装置120提供本地滑雪报告、钓鱼条件、菜单等。链140可以是卫星链、电话网络链、电缆或光纤链、微波链、因特网链、这些链的组合、或任何其它合适的通讯链。
由主装置120向互动应用设备130传输的应用数据包括：电视节目数据(如节目识别器、时间、频道、标题和描述)和除了电视节目清单以外的其它服务数据(如帮助文本、按次计费的信息、气象信息、体育信息、音乐频道信息、有关的因特网网链、有关的软件等)。优选有许多个或套互动应用设备130，但在图1中只示出一个，为的是避免使此图太过复杂。
应用数据，如节目引导数据，可以由主装置120使用任何适当的方法传输给互动电视节目引导设备130。数据文件例如被压缩成用基于因特网的适当寻址方案和协议组(如，使用用户数据报协议(UDP)和因特网协议(IP)的组)传输的目标。例如，在Gollahon等于1999年6月11日提交的美国专利申请09/332624中，描述数据从主装置向电视分配装置传输的系统，此专利申请的全部内容在此引作参考。
应用数据包括观众信息。在另一种方法中，应用数据和观众信息可分别接收(如周期性地下载引导数据和连续性地接收观众信息)。
互动电视应用在互动应用设备130上执行。在图2A-2E中示出互动应用设备130的五个说明性布置。如图所示，互动应用设备130包括位于分配装置180上的分配设备170、以及用户电视设备200。
互动电视应用，如互动电视节目引导，可以全部在使用图2A和2C布置的用户电视设备200上运行，或者部分在用户电视设备200上运行且部分在使用合适客户服务器或分配处理布置的互动应用设备130上运行，如图2B和2D所示。分配装置180可以是任何合适的分配装置(如：有线系统数据转发器、广播分配装置或任何其它合适类型的分配装置)，并且可以有分配设备170。
图2A、2B、2C和2D中的分配设备170为适用于经通讯路径190向用户电视设备200提供应用数据的设备。在图2E中，分配设备170，例如通过适当的计算机网络或因特网链，向因特网服务系统220提供应用数据，如节目引导数据。分配设备170例如包括适当的传输硬件，此硬件使用带内数字信号、使用带外数字信号或使用任何其它适当的数据传输技术，在电视频道的垂直消隐间隔内在电视频道边带上分配节目引导数据。模拟或数字视频信号(如电视节目)也可通过分配设备170在多个电视频道上通过通讯路径190分配给用户电视设备200。可替换地，视频可从一些其它合适的分配装置，如有线系统数据转发器、广播分配装置、卫星电视分配装置或任何其它合适类型的电视分配装置，分配给用户电视设备200。
通讯路径190可以是任何适用于分配应用数据的通讯路径。通讯路径190例如包括：卫星链、电话网络链、电缆或光纤链、微波链、因特网链、电缆上数据服务界面规范(DOCSIS)链、这些链的组合或任何其它合适的通讯链。通讯路径190优选具有充分的带宽，以允许分配装置180或另一分配装置把电视节目分配给用户电视设备200。一般有多个用户电视设备200和多个相关的通讯路径190，但在图2A-2D中只示出一个用户电视设备200和通讯路径190，以免使附图太过复杂。如果需要，可在分开的通讯路径上提供电视节目和应用数据。
图2B示出在基于客户服务器的或分布式的互动应用系统中用于互动应用设备130的说明性布置。如图2B所示，分配设备170包括服务器210。服务器210可使用任何适当的软硬件组合以提供基于客户服务器的应用。例如，服务器210运行适当的数据库引擎(如Microsoft的SQL服务器)，并且根据在用户电视设备200上执行的应用客户所产生的查询提供应用数据。如果需要，服务器210可位于主装置120或其它位置上，如有线系统数据转发器、广播分配装置、卫星电视分配装置或任何其它合适类型的电视分配装置。
所述应用可使用任何适当的基于客户服务器的方法从服务器210检索应用数据。节目引导例如把SQL请求作为消息传给服务器210。在另一适当的方法中，所述应用通过使用一个或多个远程程序调入而调用驻留在服务器210上的远程程序。服务器210为这些调用的远程程序执行SQL语句。在又一适当的方法中，由所述应用执行的客户目标与服务器210例如使用目标请求代理程序(ORB)而执行的服务器目标通讯。这例如包括使用Microsoft的分布式组件目标模型(DCOM)方法。
如果需要，在互动节目引导电视设备130上执行的节目引导，使用任何合适的网络和传输层协议，通过通讯路径190而与服务器210通讯。它们例如通过使用以下协议组进行通讯，协议组包括顺序数据包交换/因特网网络数据包交换(SPX/IPX)层、传输控制协议/因特网协议(TCP/IP)层、Appletalk交易协议/数据报发货协议(ATP/DDP)层、DOCSIS或任何其它合适的网络和传输层协议。
图2C和2D说明性地示出基于因特网的互动电视应用系统。分配装置180例如包括因特网服务系统220。因特网服务系统220可使用任何合适的软硬件组合，所述软硬件组合能用基于因特网的方法(如超文本传输协议(HTTP))向所述引导提供应用数据。如果需要，因特网服务系统220可位于与分配装置180分开的装置上。
如果所述应用在图2C所示互动应用设备130的用户电视设备200上执行，那么因特网服务系统220(或在连接到因特网服务系统220的分配装置180上的其它适当设备)就可使用任何适当的基于因特网的方法(如在传输控制协议/因特网协议(TCP/IP)类型链上使用超文本传输协议(HTTP))，通过因特网或分配设备170向用户电视设备200提供应用数据。如果在互动应用设备130上实施的互动电视应用是如图2D所示的客户服务器引导，服务器210就可从因特网服务系统220获得应用数据。然而，所述应用可从因特网服务系统220通过因特网连接获得应用数据。
在另一适当的布置中，分配设备170可包括计算机设备或其它合适的硬件，在这些设备或硬件上执行互动电视应用的第一部分或第一版本。所述应用的第二部分或第二版本可在用户电视设备200上执行。互动节目引导的两部分或两个版本可用任何适当的对等通讯方案(如通知、远程程序调入等)来通讯，并在分配装置180和用户电视设备200之间执行互动应用功能。
在另一适当的布置中，在线应用，如在线节目引导，在图2E所示互动应用设备130上执行。例如，在Boyer等于1997年9月18日提交的美国专利申请08/938028中描述在线节目引导系统，此专利申请的全部内容在此引作参考。用户可拥有在其上运行应用客户或环球网浏览器的个人计算机(PC)240。个人计算机240可通过因特网链230连接到因特网服务系统220。因特网服务系统220可使用任何适当的能提供在线服务器应用或环球网站点的计算机软硬件组合。示出的因特网服务系统220用于从分配装置180中获得应用数据。在另一适当的方法中，因特网服务系统220可从其它系统如主装置120、本地信息服务150或任何其它合适的应用数据源获得信息。
应用数据可以被所述应用储存在机顶盒中，以备使用。例如，两周的电视节目清单数据可由所述应用储存。全部或部分应用数据可以随选提供或以连续或周期性的数据流提供，或使用任何其它合适的方法提供。所述应用数据包括节目的通用识别器。识别器可由所述应用在重放或录制时使用，以指示系统供应商什么节目正在重放或录制。应用数据包括用于商业广告、节目内画面、或任何其它的媒介或部分媒介的识别器，以努力使反馈的粒度最大化。系统供应商可以是节目引导供应商、电视服务供应商、因特网服务供应商、应用供应商、有线系统运营商、广播或卫星电视运营商等。应用数据可包括观众信息。但是，应用数据和观众信息可分开接收。
在一些实施例中，本地信息服务150可以是任何适当的用于计量或接收具体与当地区域有关的观众信息的装置。本地信息服务150可通过通讯链140向主装置120提供观众信息，以便积累在分配装置180(如有线系统数据转发器)上。例如，本地信息服务可用于获得全国和本地的观众信息。
观众信息可由观众检测设备155或任何其它合适的能计量观众信息的设备接收。观众检测设备155可从一个或多个互动应用设备130(如机顶盒)通过链140收集观众信息。在一些实施例中，观众检测设备155可以是互动应用设备130的一部分、或部分主装置120的一部分，或者也可以是单独的。观众信息储存观众检测设备155、互动应用设备130、或任何其它合适的用于储存信息的设备中。
互动应用设备130可根据图2A-2E所示的给定方法检测观众信息。本发明一些实施例可从用户电视设备200获得观众信息。观众信息可从每个用户电视设备200通过通讯链190传递到分配装置180。观众信息可在分配装置180中积累。分配装置180把积累的观众信息分配给用户电视设备200。在另一适当的方法中，观众信息可用主装置160积累。储存在分配装置180中的观众信息可传输给主装置160积累。主装置160积累观众信息并把观众信息分配给用户电视设备200。
使用任何适当的方法把观众信息分配给用户的设备。例如，在分配媒介时，可自动地分配所有媒介或媒介子集的观众信息。观众信息可随媒介(如在垂直消隐间隔(VBI)中)一起提供，或与媒介分开提供。可替换地，只有在需要显示时，才从服务器(如服务器210)请求数据。
图3示出用户电视设备200的说明性布置。图3的用户电视设备200从分配装置180(图2A)，如节目分配装置或一些其它合适的分配装置，在输入250接收视频或数字视频流和数据。在正常的电视收看时，用户把机顶盒260调谐到希望的电视频道。然后在视频输出270提供用于电视频道的信号。在输出270提供的信号一般是在预定频道(如频道3或4)上的射频(RF)信号，或者是模拟解调视频信号，但也可以是在适当的数字总线(如采用Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers(IEEE)1394标准的总线(未示出))上提供给电视280的数字信号。在输出270的视频信号由可选的辅助存储器290接收。
互动电视应用可在机顶盒260上、在电视280(如具有适当处理电路和存储器的电视280)上、在连接到电视280的适当模拟或数字接收器上、或在数字存储器300(如具有适当处理电路和存储器的存储器300)上运行。互动电视应用还可在这些器件的适当组合上协作运行。例如，在Ellis于1998年11月5日提交的美国专利申请09/186598中描述互动电视应用系统，在此系统中，协作的互动电视节目引导应用在多个器件上运行，此专利申请的全部内容在此引作参考。
辅助储存器290可以是任何适当类型的模拟或数字节目存储器或播放器(如磁带录像机(VCR)、个人摄像机(PVR)、数字多用途光盘(DVD)播放器等)。节目录制和其它特征可以由机顶盒260使用控制路径310来控制。例如，如果辅助存储器290是磁带录像机或个人摄像机，那么典型的控制路径310包括在录像机或摄像机中使用耦合到红外线接收器的红外线发射器，录像机或摄像机一般从遥控器，如遥控器320，接收命令。遥控器320可用于控制机顶盒260、辅助存储器290和电视280。
如果需要，用户可在可选数字存储器300上录制数字形式的节目、应用数据或其组合。数字存储器300为可写光学存储器(如能处理可记录DVD盘的DVD播放器)、磁存储器(如磁盘驱动器或数字磁带)、或任何其它的数字存储器。例如，在Hassell等于1998年9月17日提交的美国专利申请09/157256中描述具有数字存储器的互动电视节目引导系统，此专利申请的全部内容在此引作参考。
数字存储器300可包含在机顶盒260中，或者可以是经输出端口和适当的界面连接到机顶盒260的外部器件。如果需要，机顶盒260中的处理电路把接收到的视频、音频和数据信号格式化成数字文件格式。优选地，文件格式为开放文件格式，如运动图象专家组(MPEG)、MPEG-2标准或运动接合照相专家组(MJPEG)标准。所得到的数据经适当的总线(如采用Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers(IEEE)1394标准的总线)流入数字存储器300，并储存在数字存储器300中。在另一种适当的方法中，MPEG-2数据流或系列的文件可从分配设备170接收并储存。
电视280从辅助存储器290经通讯路径330接收视频信号。在通讯路径330上的视频信号，可以由辅助存储器290在重放预先录制的存储介质(如录像带或可记录数字影碟)时产生，或由数字存储器300在重放预先录制的存储介质时产生，可以从机顶盒260通过，如果辅助存储器290未包括在用户电视设备200中就可从机顶盒260直接向电视280提供，或者直接由电视280接收。在正常的电视收看时，提供给电视280的视频信号对应于所希望的频道，此频道由用户用机顶盒260调谐。当机顶盒260用于重放储存在数字存储器300中的信息时，视频信号也可由机顶盒260提供给电视280。
机顶盒260可以有存储器340。存储器340可以是适用于储存由所述互动应用使用的节目引导应用指令和应用数据的任何存储器或其它存储器件，如随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、闪存、硬盘驱动器、或这些器件的组合等等。
机顶盒260可具有经过通讯路径190直接与分配设备170、服务器210或因特网服务系统220通讯的通讯器件350。通讯器件350可以是调制解调器(如任何适当的模拟或数字标准、蜂窝或有线调制解调器)、网络接口卡(如以太网卡、令牌环卡等)、或其它适当的通讯器件。通讯器件350也可以是具有因特网接入的个人计算机，如图2C和2D所示的布置。如果需要，电视280也可以具有此种适当的通讯器件。在一种可替换的方法中，用户电视设备200可使用适当的回路通过分配设备170与因特网服务系统220通讯。
在图4中示出图3用户电视设备200的更一般的实施例。如图4所示，分配装置180(图2A)的节目引导数据被用户电视设备200的的控制电路360接收。可使用图2A和2B的机顶盒布置来提供控制电路360的功能。可替换地，这些功能可集成入先进的电视接收器、个人计算机电视(PC/TV)或任何其它合适的布置中。如果需要，可使用这些布置的组合。
用户电视设备200还可具有用于录制节目的辅助存储器370和数字存储器380。辅助存储器370可以是任何适当类型的模拟或数字节目存储器(如磁带录像机(VCR)、个人摄像机(PVR)、数字多用途光盘(DVD)等)。节目录制和其它特征可由控制电路360控制。数字存储器380例如为可写光学存储器(如能处理可记录DVD盘的DVD播放器)、磁存储器(如磁盘驱动器或数字磁带)、或任何其它的数字存储器。
用户电视设备200也可有存储器390。存储器390可以是适用于储存由控制电路360使用的应用指令和应用数据的任何存储器或其它存储器件，如随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、闪存、硬盘驱动器、或这些器件的组合等等。
图4的用户电视设备200也可具有用于支持在所述应用和分配设备170、服务器210或因特网服务系统220之间经通讯路径190通讯的通讯器件400。通讯器件400可以是调制解调器(如任何适当的模拟或数字的标准、蜂窝或有线的调制解调器)、网络接口卡(如以太网卡、令牌环卡等)、或其它适当的通讯器件。
用户可用用户输入器件410控制用户电视设备200的操作。用户输入器件410可以是定点设备、无线遥控器、键盘、接触板、声音识别系统或任何其它合适的用户输入器件。为了观看电视，用户指示控制电路360在显示器420上显示所希望的电视频道。显示器420可以是任何适当的电视、监视器、或其它适当的显示器。为了访问所述应用的功能，用户可指示在互动电视节目引导设备130上执行的应用产生主菜单或其它希望在显示器420上显示的显示。为了存取声音，用户可指示控制电路360在音频器件425上提供音频介质。音频器件425可以显示器420的一部分，或者是单独的。
一些实施例可向用户提供节目的观众计量，以表示节目的受欢迎程度。节目可包括电视节目、按次计费(PPV)节目、就近视频点播(NVOD)节目、视频点播(VOD)节目、音乐、广告、促销材料、或任何其它的视频或音频媒介。图5-15示出用于提供观众计量信息的说明性显示。在图5-15的实例中，观众信息由互动电视应用提供。尽管在本文中本发明主要描述互动电视节目引导，但用户界面也可是音频应用、视频应用或任何其它合适引导应用的一部分。
在此描述的显示包括叠加在显示500上的翻页条505或视频或应用。翻页条505例如指出用户当前的频道和节目。翻页条505例如向用户提供互动广告510、节目描述区515、徽标520和当前时间525。除了节目描述以外，节目描述区也可包括频道指示器530和父收视率(parental rating)535。互动广告510可作为显示500的一部分显示。如果需要，广告510也可以是被动的。翻页条505可以在静止预定时间之后消失(如逐渐隐去)。
例如当用户改换频道时，一些实施例可向用户提供观众信息。观众信息可以随翻页显示、浏览显示、节目清单、广告或任何其它适当形式的显示一起提供。图5示出可在用户浏览频道(如翻页显示)时显示的说明性显示500。显示500以及其它在本文描述的显示可向用户提供观众信息。观众信息可以叠加在用户正观看的节目上，可在音频媒介上播放，可在用户从引导应用中选择节目清单时显示，可随着用户浏览节目清单而显示，在用户选择用于重放的录制媒介时显示，或者在用户选择观众信息图标550时显示。例如，显示500包含各种节目引导功能的选项。当用户例如通过使用遥控器而决定转换到另一节目或另一应用时，显示500呈现与用户当前的视频或应用有关的观众信息。在另一适当的方法中，与用户当前的视频或应用有关的观众信息可在用户选择观众信息图标550时显示。在一些实施例中，观众信息图标550或观众信息可在用户第一次访问显示500时显示一段预定的时间，然后消失。也可使用任何其它显示观众信息的方法。
观众信息向用户提供收视率、特定节目的观众数量、特定节目的市场占有率、或任何其它与节目或其它媒介的观众有关的适当信息。观众信息已用常规装置或根据媒介的重放或录制而得到。
例如，如图6所示，观众信息可以实时向用户提供当前正在收看、录制或两者兼有的节目的观众数量。例如，显示600可用叠加的图形605、饼状图向用户提供观众信息，以说明在此时段用户正在观看的节目与其它节目的比较。所述系统可以使用任何适当的被动或互动的文本、图形、动画、视频、音频、它们的任意组合、或任何其它合适的内容提供观众信息或观众信息图标550。
一些实施例可应用户要求提供观众信息。只有在需要显示观众信息时，才从服务器请求观众信息。当观众信息图标550显示或加亮时，用户可例如通过点击观众信息图标550(图5)或通过按遥控器上的特殊键来获得观众信息。例如，在点击观众信息图标550或点击显示的观众信息时，此显示(如显示500)被替换并且向用户提供另一其上叠加有图形605的显示。
一些实施例可跟踪广告(如商业广告或任何其它的促销材料)以决定广告的播出。显示500可向用户提供广告的广告观众信息。广告观众信息560包括广告的收视率、广告的观众数量、广告的市场占有率、或任何其它适当的信息。广告观众信息560可叠加在广告510上，可在用户选择广告510时显示，可在用户浏览广告时显示，可在用户选择用于重放的录制媒介时显示，或使用任何其它适当的方法来显示。
在另一适当的方法中，显示600例如通过叠加图形610、饼状图向用户提供广告观众信息，以说明用户当前正在观看的广告的受欢迎程度。所述系统可以使用任何适当的被动或互动的文本、图形、动画、视频、音频、它们的任意组合、或任何其它合适的内容提供广告观众信息560。例如，在Thomas等于1998年8月25日提交的美国专利申请09/139798中描述监视广告使用情况的节目引导系统，此专利申请的全部内容在此引作参考。
一些实施例以浏览显示向用户提供观众信息。图7示出说明性的浏览显示700。互动电视应用可显示浏览显示700。例如，根据用户在遥控器上选择的按钮，显示700被显示。例如，显示700允许用户继续在特定频道上观看节目，同时浏览正在其它频道和在其它时间播放的节目信息。在另一种方法中，例如，浏览显示700与翻页显示500相似。显示700可包括许多图形和广告，如徽标520、时间525、邮件710、互动广告715、和任何其它适当的图形或广告。一个或多个互动广告715可作为显示700的一部分进行显示。如果需要，广告715也可以是静止的。
显示700允许用户例如通过在遥控器上按“上”、“下”、“左”和“右”箭头，来指明需要浏览的其它频道和时段的节目清单。显示700可包括叠加在显示700上的用户当前的视频或应用。显示700还可包括浏览条720，浏览条720例如标识用户所选的频道和节目。除了节目描述之外，浏览条720还可包含频道指示器725和父收视率730。显示700还可包括观众信息。显示700也可包括观众信息图标550。观众信息或观众信息图标550可叠加在用户当前选择的视频或应用上。观众信息图标550也可以叠加在浏览条720上。观众信息向用户提供收视率、特定节目的观众数量、特定节目的市场占有率、或任何其它与当前节目或选择的节目有关的适当信息。所述系统可以使用任何适当的被动或互动的文本、图形、动画、视频、音频、它们的任意组合、或任何其它合适的内容提供观众信息和观众信息图标550。
互动电视应用或任何其它的引导应用可以与节目清单一起提供观众信息。例如，图8的说明性显示800可用互动电视应用显示，向用户提供当前的和录制的节目的节目清单。显示800包括节目清单区820，节目清单区820包含一个或多个节目清单(如清单810、清单820)。一个或多个清单810可向用户提供与在特定时间特定频道上播放的节目有关的信息。清单810包含在8:00PM在频道98至频道102播放的节目名称。然而，清单810和清单820可包括与其它媒介有关的信息，如节目描述、收视率、观众信息(或指示观众信息有效性的图标)以及其它适当的信息。显示800可提供清单815，以便用户访问所录制媒介的清单。清单815包括节目名称和例如由PVR器件录制的录制品的日期。显示800还包括徽标520、广告715、邮件710、任何其它的图形、任何其它的动画、或任何其它适当的内容。
如图所示，节目清单区820以列表形式提供节目清单并显示给定时段的频道号、呼号和节目标题。所示的清单仅仅是示例性的。可使用任何其它适当的方法。
用户例如通过选择清单而指明所需要访问的清单辅助信息。当用户选择清单如“Jan.7:60Minutes”时，互动电视应用可显示节目信息。在图9中示出说明性显示900。显示900例如包括节目的标题(如在标题区915中)、节目的描述(如描述905)、节目的收视率(如收视率920)、或任何其它适当的信息。如果节目由用户录制，那么显示900就提供录制的日期和时间。如果节目将要播出，显示900例如就向用户显示此节目将要播出的频道和时间。
节目信息显示900还可向用户提供观众信息。观众信息区910例如包括节目已经重放的次数、当前正在收看或录制的节目的观众数量或市场占有率、或任何其它适当的信息。观众信息区910还包括“DETAIL”按钮925。如图所示，用户可通过在按钮925上放置加亮区930并且例如通过在遥控器上按“OK”键而选择“DETAIL”按钮925。“DETAIL”按钮925可向用户提供辅助观众信息。观众信息区910可包括任何适当的互动或被动的文本、图形、动画、视频、音频、它们的任意组合、或任何其它合适的内容。如在任何显示中描述的，显示900还可包括许多图形、动画、可选择的广告、视频窗口或任何其它适当的内容。
在用户加亮“DETAIL”按钮925并在遥控器上按“OK”键时，互动电视应用提供详细的观众信息。在图10中示出说明性的详细观众信息显示1000。显示1000包括“比较节目”按钮1005、“节目部分”按钮1010、“节目类型”按钮1015、“时段节目”按钮1020、以及“比较观众”按钮1025。
“比较节目”按钮1005允许用户比较多个节目或其它媒介的观众信息。在用户选择按钮1005时，互动电视应用向用户呈现如图11所示的说明性显示1100。显示1100提供节目清单区820，节目清单区820包含许多节目清单如清单810和清单815。显示1100还包括与每个节目清单相邻的检查框1105。用户例如通过在检查框1105中放置标志1110而选择哪个媒介进行比较。如图11所示，用户已选择比较“I Love Lucy”、“The Wood”和“Dawson’s Creek”的观众信息。在选择媒介并且例如在遥控器上按“OK”键时，所述应用向用户传送如图12所示的说明性显示1200。在显示1200中可显示观众信息。如图12所示，图形1205为举例说明“I Love Lucy”、“TheWood”和“Dawson’s Creek”之间观众数量比较的饼状图。观众信息可通过叠加图形1205而提供。图形1205可以是饼状图、图表或任何用于提供观众计量比较的适当内容。
“节目部分”按钮1010允许用户在特定时间观看媒介的观众信息。例如，用户可收看节目内画面的观众信息。在用户选择按钮1010时，互动电视应用向用户呈现如图13所示的说明性显示1300。显示1300包括可提供时间份额的菜单条1305。菜单条1305可以是下拉菜单、弹出窗口或任何其它合适的界面。在一些实施例中，菜单条1305包括用于所选媒介的画面名称。如图13所示，菜单条1305设定得提供节目第一个十分钟的观众信息。观众信息可通过叠加图形1310和图形1315来提供。图形1310和图形1315可显示观众信息。例如，图形1310显示在节目第一个十分钟内改换频道的用户数量。图形1315显示观看或录制“I Love Lucy”第一个十分钟的用户数量与在相同时段观看任何其它节目的用户数量。图形1310和图形1315可以是饼状图、图表或任何用于提供观众计量的适当内容。
“节目类型”按钮1015向用户提供与相同类型的其它媒介比较的节目的观众信息。例如，用户可观看连续剧的观众信息，并比较此观众信息与其它连续剧的观众信息。在用户选择按钮1015时，互动电视应用可向用户提供如图14所示的说明性显示1400。显示1400包括含标题1410和观众信息1415的清单1405。清单1405可以是下拉菜单、弹出窗口或任何其它适用于表示多个连续剧并提供它们各自观众计量的清单。观众信息可通过叠加图形1420来提供。例如，图形1420显示在连续剧范围内观看或录制“I Love Lucy”的用户数量与观看其它节目的用户数量。图形1420可以是饼状图、图表或任何用于提供观众计量的适当内容。
“时段节目”按钮1020可向用户提供与在相同时段其它媒介相比较的节目的观众信息。例如，用户可比较在8:00PM播出的节目与其它所有在8:00PM播出的节目的观众信息。在用户选择按钮1020时，互动电视应用向用户提供如图15所示的说明性显示1500。显示1500包括通过叠加图形1505而提供的观众信息。如图所示，图形1505示出30％的用户在8:00PM观看或录制“I Love Lucy”，而其它用户在8:00PM时段观看其它节目。图形1505可以是饼状图、图表或任何用于提供观众计量的适当内容。
显示1000包括“比较观众”按钮1025。选择此按钮允许用户选择一组用户，以便为他们显示观众信息。此选择(未示出)可用于修改其它显示如图12-15中的任何一个。例如，如果用户选择相同邮政区码内观众的观众信息并选择“Programs by Time”按钮1030，就可示出图16的说明性显示1700。显示1700包括通过叠加图形1705而提供的观众信息。如图所示，图形1705示出，在用户的邮政区码内有30％的用户观看或录制“I Love Lucy”以及全国在观看“I LoveLucy”的用户。图形1705可以是饼状图、图表或任何用于提供观众计量的适当内容。在一些实施例中，用户能够选择全国数据(如全国的所有用户)、区域数据(如在用户的地理区域内的所有用户)、或市场数据(如在特定市场/都市区域内的所有用户)。要求用户输入位置信息如邮政区码，或者互动应用例如基于分配装置的位置而知道用户的位置。用户可选择人口统计学比较，其中互动应用可比较所述用户与具有相似人口统计情况的其它用户。要求用户输入标识信息，使用用户概况的信息，基于监视用户的动作而收集人口统计学信息，或者用任何其它适当的方法收集人口统计学信息。
图17-20是在提供本发明实施例各种特征时所涉及的步骤的流程图。实际上，示出的一个或多个步骤可以与其它步骤合并、可以任何适当的次序执行、或者可以被删除。
图17为根据本发明一个实施例的在提供观众信息时所涉及的说明性步骤的流程图。互动电视应用向用户提供对用户概况的访问。在步骤1605中，(例如通过机顶盒260)接收用户正在访问用户概况的指示。概况可以产生和维护以区别不同的用户。例如，在一个家庭内的多个用户可在不同的时间观看相同的录制节目。考虑多个用户可提高观众信息的粒度(如稍后在图19中讨论的)。在一些实施例中，用户例如通过输入用户名和密码而登录。然而，可以不要求用户登录。在用户需要登录的方法中，系统可使用登录信息以检索用户信息。用户信息包括识别信息(如姓名)、人口统计学信息(如年龄、性别、收入等)、以前的媒介选择、重放的节目、兴趣、爱好、或任何其它合适的信息。
在步骤1610中，(例如通过机顶盒260)接收用户指定节目的指示。例如，用户可通过按遥控器或机顶盒上的按钮来选择节目。选择节目包括浏览节目清单。节目清单包括当前的节目、即将播出的节目、录制的节目、或任何其它适当的媒介。也可使用任何其它适当的方法。根据用户的指示而向用户提供节目或任何其它的媒介。当用户观看节目或其它媒介时，可在步骤1615中向用户显示观众信息。观众信息可随着媒介如图形和动画一起提供。然而，观众信息也可与媒介分开提供。
在另一适当的方法中，观众信息可以与节目或任何其它本身不提供节目(如没有调谐)的媒介一起提供信息。例如，可向用户提供节目清单。当用户从清单中选择节目时，互动电视应用向用户提供信息屏幕，如图9所示。即将播出节目的观众信息基于：选择观看此节目的辅助信息的用户数量、事先购买此节目的观众数量、排定提醒的用户数量、排定录制此节目的用户数量、或任何其它适当的方法。在提供即将播出节目的观众信息时所涉及的步骤结合图20在以下讨论。
在另一适当的方法中，观众信息可设置在垂直消隐间隔(VBI)中。观众信息可用任何其它适当的方法提供，并且可用任何适当的被动或互动的文本、图形、动画、视频、音频、它们的任意组合、或任何其它合适的内容提供给用户。
在步骤1620中，接收用户指定动作的指示。动作包括用户暂停、倒退和快进媒介。例如，对于个人录像机(PVR)的指令，用户可使用暂停、倒退和快进实时节目。即使在直播电视在播放另一节目(如下一个排定的节目)的同时，用户也可暂停电视节目并在30分钟后恢复观看此节目。在互动电视应用执行用户指定的动作时，例如可通过机顶盒记录用户指定的动作，并且在计算观众信息时考虑用户指定的动作。用户指定的动作可用于更准确地访问观众信息如观众占有率。
一些实施例允许用户在录制其它节目的同时观看或收听节目。在步骤1625中，(例如通过机顶盒260)接收用户选择的录制节目的指示。节目或其它媒介与节目信息和任何其它用于计算观众信息的信息一起被录制。例如，当计算节目的实时观众时可使用所述信息。在决定更新观众信息之后，可向用户提供更新后的观众信息。决定更新观众信息的标准在图19中示出，并且将在以后详细讨论。观众信息可用任何适当的方法如使用图5-16的显示提供给用户。
应注意，尽管示出的用户是在同时观看和录制节目，但用户可以观看媒介、录制媒介或两者兼有。
图18为在根据本发明一个实施例提供基于跟踪用户重放的观众信息时所涉及的说明性步骤的流程图。在步骤1805中，接收用户正在重放先前录制的媒介的指示。可替换地，在步骤1810中，例如通过互动电视应用指示用户正在重放先前录制的媒介的时间而接收标识，如节目标识。例如，在重放或录制的过程中标识可被所述应用(如节目引导)使用，以便(例如通过主装置、有线数据转发器、用户设备等)指示分配装置什么媒介正在重放或录制。标识可与节目一起被录制。例如，在PVR器件中，节目标识录制成数字数据磁道的一部分。节目标识也可由引导应用如互动电视节目引导储存。例如，节目标识可由节目引导在录制模拟媒介时储存。节目标识可用任何其它适当的方法储存和设置。任何其它适当的方法可用于检测重放。
在步骤1815中，(例如通过互动应用、机顶盒等)录制重放信息。重放信息包括节目标题、商业广告、音频、或任何其它适当的媒介。重放信息以任何适当的频率(如周期性地、随选地、响应数据转发器或主装置的请求等)设置。重放信息有助于根据媒介的重放次数来计算媒介的观众信息。
在步骤1820中，接收用户指定动作的指示。动作包括暂停、倒退和快进和任何其它适当的动作。例如，对于个人录像机(PVR)的指令，用户可使用暂停、倒退和快进节目。在向用户提供所述动作时，例如通过机顶盒或所述应用录制用户的动作，并且在计算观众信息时考虑用户的动作。例如，观众信息基于：用户选择的动作、先前录制的节目被重放的次数等等。
在步骤1825中更新观众信息之后，互动电视应用向用户提供更新后的观众信息。观众信息可用任何适当的方法如图5-16显示中的方法提供给用户。在步骤1830中向用户提供观众信息。观众信息可以是实时观众信息。
图19为在根据本发明一个实施例的决定和分配观众信息时所涉及的说明性步骤的流程图。在步骤1900中，可计量和获得与观众有关的信息。在子步骤1905中，可收集与用户指定节目(如用户选择的节目)有关的信息。可在观看、重放、录制或在任何其它适当的时间确定用户指定节目。在子步骤1910中，决定用户指定节目播放所花的时间。例如，可用任何适当的处理器或设备(如具有内部时钟或计时机构的设备)确定用户花在观看所选择节目上的时间。例如，由机顶盒接收用户正在播放录制节目和用户停止录制节目的时间的指示。
在子步骤1915中，收集用户指定的动作。用户指定的动作例如包括：用户在遥控器上按快进键，快进15分钟到收看8:00PM的“I loveLucy”。在子步骤1920中，收集节目信息。节目信息包括在用户选择的节目播放过程中提供的商业广告、音频、视频或任何其它媒介。
用户指定的节目、用户指定的动作、节目信息和任何其它与观众有关的信息例如储存在机顶盒中，并分配给主装置或任何其它合适的装置。也可使用任何其它的方法。
在步骤1930中，在(例如从机顶盒、本地信息服务、主装置等)收集和编译与观众有关的信息时，可计算观众信息。观众信息可用预定的算法计算。在一些实施例中，分级法用于确定观众信息。例如，在节目被录制时，分配第一级(如低收视率)给此节目。随后，在节目重放第一次时，分配第二级(如更高的收视率)。在节目每重放一次时都分配附加的级别。使用分级法例如使得主装置或数据转发器能考虑多次重放节目的用户。现在回到图17，用户登录。通过跟踪和区分用户，考虑多次观看相同节目的相同用户。可使用分级法或任何其它合适的方法计算观众信息。在步骤1935中选择分级方法，如评分法。在步骤1940中，访问表格以确定分级信息。分级信息可以是分数系统。例如，在上述分级方法中，第一次重放给予较高的收视率。在确定分级信息和分级方法时，在步骤1945中计算观众信息。
在步骤1950中，观众信息分配给用户。例如，观众信息通过主装置120、观众检测设备155、互动应用设备130、任何其它的分配装置(如有线系统数据转发器)或任何其它适当的装置，分配给用户的机顶盒。观众信息还可分配给第三方，如收视率公司、广告客户、节目编排人员等。观众信息可通过任何其它适当的方法分配。
图20为在根据本发明一个实施例提供即将播出节目的观众信息时所涉及的说明性步骤的流程图。在步骤2005中，接收用户正在观看与即将播出节目有关的节目信息的指示。例如，用户可在节目清单显示上点击节目标题。节目清单向用户提供与即将在特定频道特定时间播出的节目有关的信息。在从用户接收到指示时，可向用户提供与即将播出节目有关的节目信息。
在步骤2010中，更新观众信息。观众信息基于：选择观看与即将播出节目有关的辅助节目信息的用户数量、事先购买即将播出节目的观众数量、对即将播出节目排定提醒的用户数量、排定录制即将播出节目的用户数量、或任何其它适当的方法。更新后的观众信息提供给用户。观众信息还可分配给第三方，如收视率公司、广告客户、节目编排人员等。观众信息可使用任何适当的方法，如在图5-16显示中的方法，提供给用户。在步骤2015中向用户提供观众信息。
因此，本发明提供用于提供互动电视应用的系统和方法，所述应用能更有效地计量观众数量。应该理解，前述内容仅仅是对本发明原理的举例说明，只要不偏离本发明的范围和精神，本领域技术人员可作各种改变，本发明的范围和精神在后附权利要求中被限制。

Claims (1)

1.一种基于所录制节目的重放来计量观众信息的方法，包括：
接收录制节目重放的指示；以及
对录制的节目更新观众信息。
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