A kind of high hydrophobicity, high thermal conductivity and high-adhesiveness interface coating
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of metallic surface functional paint, the composition of the functional paint that particularly a kind of evaporator surface of compressed air conditioner device is used with high hydrophobicity, high thermal conductivity and high-adhesiveness.
Background technology
In the prior art, Chinese invention patent ZL 001 10559.0 disclose a kind of high hydrophobicity, high thermal conductivity and high-adhesiveness interface coating (hereinafter to be referred as: three property interface coatings).There are three problems in this three property interface coatings, and used dispersion medium is an industrial toluene in problem one, the three property interface coating, and by the infringement classification to HUMAN HEALTH, toluene belongs to second class, promptly harmful to a certain extent or virulent slightly solvent; By the classification of the hazardness under factory's working conditions, toluene belongs to second class, i.e. the toxic solvent.According to the TJ36-79 (industry hygiene standard) of China's promulgation in 1980, (maximum allowable-concentration MAC) is 100mg/m to toluene vapor maximum permitted concentration in the air
3It is dispersion medium that three property interface coatings adopt industrial toluene, and its reason is that toluene is the good solvent of film forming base-material, and low price.Solia particle in problem two, the three property interface coatings is divided into two classes: a class is reinforced heat conduction * 00 colloidal graphite powder, and its initial median size is 1.5 microns (μ m), or universal aluminium powder, the aluminium powder particulate is small flaky texture, and thickness is 0.1~2.0 μ m, and diameter is 1~200 μ m; Another kind of is the R202 of morphology effect, and it is the aerosil of handling through silicone oil, and initial median size is 12 nanometers (nm), is hydrophobic fully.The initial median size of this two classes solia particle differs greatly, and is example with * 00 colloidal graphite powder and R202, and the ratio of the initial median size of the former with the latter is 1500/12=125.So the poor stability of this three property interface coatings, the precipitation of generation solia particle.Problem three, film forming base-material and advantages such as wherein the solia particle compatibility is good, and snappiness and adhesive power are stronger relatively though film in former three property interfaces, its face hardness is relatively poor, and hydrophobicity is not very high.
Summary of the invention
A kind of high hydrophobicity, high thermal conductivity and high-adhesiveness interface coating are the succession and the development of former three property interface coatings.Therefore, the objective of the invention is the harm of the pollution of HUMAN HEALTH and environment is reduced to alap limit; Adopt the best collocation of solia particle, make morphology effect and reinforced heat conduction combination; Solve the stability of coating; Improve the hydrophobicity and the hardness of film coated surface, a kind of good stability is proposed, environmental pollution is little, hardness is higher, a kind of preferably high hydrophobicity of hydrophobic performance, high thermal conductivity and high-adhesiveness interface coating (hereinafter to be referred as: three property interface coating modified versions).
The present invention is achieved using the following method.
The follow-on composition of three property interface coatings includes film forming base-material, dispersion medium, solia particle and auxiliary agent.
1. the film forming base-material selects for use, film forming base-material in the former three property interface coatings is a PSI, the compatibleness of PSI and solia particle is good, sticking power and hydrophobicity are better, the follow-on film forming base-material of these three property interface coatings is still selected the W33-15 (toluene solution of PSI for use, in the solution, the mass ratio of PSI and toluene is 1: 1, the R/Si=1.47 of PSI, R
C6H5/ R
CH3=0.48).
2. selecting for use of dispersion medium selected environmental pollution low and the solvent that can mix with film forming base-material (PSI) or their mixed solvent for use.
In coatings industry, solvent be general reference those be used for dissolving the film forming base-material, form and be convenient to the liquid of constructing and in the process that formation is filmed, vaporing away.
Solvency power, as one of main characteristic of solvent, relatively scientific methods is to quantize with " principle that solubility parameter is close ".Definition according to Hull De Bulande (hildbrand):
δ=(ΔE/V)
1/2
In the formula: δ is a solubility parameter, (the J/m of unit
3)
1/2, Δ E is the internal cohesive energy of every mole of material, V is a molecular volume.From physical significance, δ is an Intermolecular Forces in the unit volume: when the δ of two kinds of liquid is identical, these two kinds of liquid can dissolve each other; When liquid identical with the δ of solid particulate; then solid particulate can lyolysis in solution; from the thermodynamics viewpoint; liquid mixes with solid particulate with liquid and liquid, and in constant temperature constant volume condition, spontaneous direction of carrying out is the reduction of system's free energy; according to this principle; can derive, when the absolute value of the difference of two kinds of materials (liquid and liquid, liquid and solid particulate) solubility parameter | Δ δ |<2.660 * 10
3~3.683 * 10
3(J/m
3)
1/2The time, can think and can dissolve each other, certainly | Δ δ | more little mutual solubility is just good more.Because the solubility parameter of PSI fails to find definite data, the approximate here solubility parameter Δ δ that gets its good solvent toluene
Toluene=18.21 * 10
3(J/m
3)
1/2Be its reference value.
1 (hereinafter to be referred as trichloroethane), rational formula are CCl
3CH
3, it is one of minimum material of toxicity in aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon.At working space maximum acceptable concentration (MAC), be defined as 1900mg/m in the U.S.
3, be defined as 1100mg/m in Japan
3, than toluene 100mg/m
3, exceed more than ten times.Its solubility parameter δ
Cl=19.64 * 10
3(J/m
3)
1/2, δ
Cl-δ
Toluene=19.64 * 10
3-18.21 * 10
3=1.43 * 10
3<2.66 * 10
3, as seen, trichloroethane can dissolve the film forming base-material.
2-butanone (claiming methyl ethyl ketone, methylethylketone again, hereinafter to be referred as butanone), molecular formula is CH
3COC
2H
5, it belongs to the lower toxicity material, and in the working space, maximum acceptable concentration is 590mg/m
3, than toluene 100mg/m
3, exceed nearly five times.Butanone is contaminate environment not too, because its volatility is good, is decomposed into other material easily in air.Its solubility parameter is δ
b=19.03 * 10
3(J/m
3)
1/2, δ
b-δ
Toluene=0.82 * 10
3<2.66 * 10
3, visible butanone can dissolve the film forming base-material.
Viscosity is divided into kinetic viscosity μ and kinematic viscosity υ=μ/ρ, and ρ is a density in the formula, and the unit of kinetic viscosity and kinematic viscosity is respectively Pas and m
2/ s.Viscosity also is one of main characteristic of solvent.Press the big minispread of power viscosity number value, trichloroethane, toluene, butanone are respectively 0.903mPas, 0.5866mPas, 0.423mPas.With volume ratio, two parts of butanone, the kinetic viscosity μ of a mixed solvent of forming of trichloroethane
Mix=2 * 0.423/3+0.903/3=0.583mPas is close with toluene.
Evaporation rate is that benchmark promptly is taken as 1 with the n-butyl acetate rate of volatilization, presses the rate of volatilization speed and arranges, and butanone, toluene, trichloroethane are respectively 4.65,1.95,1.5.
Surface tension, is respectively 28.53mN/m, 25.56mN/m, 24.60mN/m at toluene, trichloroethane, butanone, and the three is more or less the same.
In sum, because the butanone volatilization is very fast, should not make the follow-on dispersion medium of three property interface coatings separately.Therefore, two kinds of solvents can be selected one for use: trichloroethane; Its two: the mixed solvent of trichloroethane and butanone.
3. solia particle selects for use, in the former three property interface coatings for strengthen the thermal conductivity of filming select for use median size be micron (μ m) level, general aluminium powder or * 00 colloidal graphite powder that thermal conductivity is very high, thereby caused the deposited phenomenon of three property interface coating solia particles, masking liquid stable bad.For addressing this problem, select for use nano level ordinary carbon black pigment to replace them, nano level ordinary carbon black pigment initial particle is 26~37nm, specific surface area is 80~200m
2/ g has kept the aerosil R202 that handles through silicone oil in the former three property interface coatings.The initial median size of ordinary carbon black pigment is 26~37nm, and it and silicone oil are handled particle diameter ratio 26/12~37/12=2.17~3.08 of aerosil, has howed for a short time than 125.In the system that forms by solia particle and liquid, as not having chemical affinity between particulate and the liquid, i.e. both solubility parameter Δ δ>3.680 * 10
3(J/m
3)
1/2, then this system is unsettled on thermodynamics, solia particle will precipitate; But learn from colloid chemistry, when the particle diameter of particulate during less than 100nm, when this particulate is subjected to the bump of surrounding liquid molecule, produce unbalanced force owing to stressed area is very little, these particulates just produce Blang (R.Brown) motion, it is a kind of irregular thermal motion, and these particulates are evenly distributed in the liquid, thereby has dynamic (dynamical) stability.It has been generally acknowledged that particle diameter is called nanoparticle less than the particle of 100nm.So aerosil and ordinary carbon black pigment belong to nano level.But as black pigment, at coatings industry, it is the most difficult that sooty disperses.This is because carbon black is a kind of high dispersive, porous lyophobic dust, but various active functional group (carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl) is arranged on its surface, thereby has formed also possess hydrophilic property of carbon black.Like this, carbon black has the spontaneous trend that forms unsettled suspended particle in coating, in the storage process of coating, regroup to wadding aggressiveness (the initiating particle group of joining with face) and agglomerate (the initiating particle group of joining with point, angle), thick retrogradation and deposited phenomenon appear returning.For solve the problems referred to above that carbon black produces in coating, adopting silicone oil that carbon black is carried out hydrophobization handles, make active function groups absorption silicone oil on the carbon blacksurface, and for preventing silicone oil and the solvent competitive adsorption to active function groups, used silicone oil does not add any solvent that makes it to dilute.China's common pigments dispersing apparatus as triple-roller mill, sand mill, high speed dispersor and colloidal mill etc., all can not make the particle size dispersion of solia particle to nano level.With the thinnest colloidal mill of dispersion, more than the dispersion particle diameter 1000nm of its minimum.Ultrasonic homogenizer (ultrasonic wave assimilator Supersonichomogenizen), its oscillator produces ultrasonic vibration under external force (alternating-current) effect.This vibration meeting is outwards propagated in the medium around.In fluent meterial, propagate, in a vibrational period, have half period compression half period to expand.Because vibration is very fast, as 2.5 ten thousand hertz (Hz), expanding the semi-period, liquid has little time to expand and bubble occurs.Be compressed at compression semi-period bubble, then the anxious collapse of bubble, and produce cavitation.The moment that disappears in the hole, the pressure of this moment can reach hundreds of MPas (MPa), thereby plays very complexity and the intense mechanical stirring action, makes solia particle in the liquid be distributed to the scope (1~100nm) of colloidal solid gradually.There is wadding to gather to ordinary carbon black pigment and forms the dissemination of oarse-grained carbon black, grain diameter is recovered can accomplish near initial particle 26~37nm by ultrasonic homogenizer with agglomeration.Active group absorption silicone oil on the carbon black forms complete hydrophobic nanoparticle like this.
In sum, the solia particle carbon black that adopts R202 (aerosil of handling through silicone oil) and handle through silicone oil.
4. auxiliary agent adopts vinyl three tertiary butyl peroxy-silanes to make coupling agent in the former three property interface coatings, solves the high-adhesiveness of filming in three property interfaces.These three property interface coating modified versions have kept YGO-1401 in the former three property interface coatings (concentration is 40% vinyl three tertiary butyl peroxy-silane toluene solutions) and have made coupling agent, though the PSI among the film forming base-material W33-15 of former three property interface coatings has the good relative advantage preferably with sticking power of compatibleness with solia particle, but hydrophobicity is poorer than pure methyl silicon resin, and the film coated surface difference of hardness.In order to overcome these shortcomings, add auxiliary agent slip(ping)agent-polyester modification dimethyl siloxane BYK--310 at three property interface coating modified versions, it is the matured product of German BYK company, very stable under common storing temperature, only degraded just appears in polyester chain when surpassing 200 ℃, its addition is decided on purposes, and consumption is less.Forming thickness on face only is several low molecular solid matter methyl thin layers, and its true contact angle is 103 °.
In sum, auxiliary agent adopts YGO-1401 (concentration is 40% vinyl three tertiary butyl peroxy-silane toluene solutions) and BYK-310 (polyester modification dimethyl siloxane).The silicone oil that the above-mentioned carbon black of handling through silicone oil is used can be silicone oil 201-1000, is dimethyl silicone oil, and viscosity is 1000mm
2/ s (medical sanitary level, Shanghai Resin Factory produces).
According to above-mentioned selection for the coating composition, the follow-on composition of three property interface coatings of the present invention includes film forming base-material, dispersion medium, solia particle and auxiliary agent.
The film forming base-material is that (toluene solution of PSI, in the solution, the mass ratio of PSI and toluene is 1: 1 to W33-15, the R/Si=1.47 of PSI, R
C6H5/ R
CH3=0.48), dispersion medium is the mixed solvent of trichloroethane or trichloroethane and butanone, solia particle is R202 (aerosil of handling through silicone oil) and the carbon black handled through silicone oil, auxiliary agent is YGO-1401 (concentration is 40% vinyl three tertiary butyl peroxy-silane toluene solutions) and BYK-310 (polyester modification dimethyl siloxane), the parts by volume of follow-on each composition of three property interface coatings is: W33-15:100, trichloroethane: 100~300, butanone: 0~200, R202:200~350, carbon black: 200~400, YGO-1401:8~12, BYK-310:4~6, silicone oil 201-1000:1~2.
Owing to comprehensively adopted the very low organic solvent of toxicity to make dispersion medium, the solia particle in the coating is a nano level, and ultrasonic technology and face are the methyl of solid matter, and three property interface coating modified versions have obvious improvement than former three property interface coatings, show:
1. owing to adopt ultrasonic technology that the solia particle in the coating is disperseed, ultrasonic wave produces the hole, surrounding fluid is easy to make solia particle to be dispersed to initial median size to hole strong wallop [hundreds of MPas (MPa)], the median size of aerosil is bordering on 12nm, and the ordinary carbon black pigment median size is bordering on 26~37nm.The more important thing is that ultrasonic dispersing is to carry out in airtight container, therefore the follow-on manufacturer of three property interface coatings can realize the zero release of organic solvent; For the follow-on use of three property interface coatings producer, as there is not the equipment of the recycling use of machine solvent, because it is the organic solvent of selecting for use is a hypotoxicity, healthy and atmospheric pollution also greatly reduced to the staff of working space.
2. because carbon black is carried out hydrophobicity processing and ultrasonic dispersing subsequently with silicone oil, solved the sedimentation problem in the former three property interface coatings.
3. owing to adopt the polyester modification dimethyl siloxane of trace, forming the face hydrophobicity of filming at three property interface coating modified versions has had improvement and face hardness stronger.
4. be applied to coatings industry about ultrasonic technology, its advantage can be summarized as follows:
(1) ultrasonic homogenizer can produce the combined effect of colloidal mill and high-shear homogenizer.Coating do not heat up, non-volatile, do not suck air.
(2) energy consumption is low, and unit consumption of energy is 1.5KWh/t only.
(3) structure is little, invests seldom, and some months can reclaim, and keeps in repair, cleans extremely easy.[referring to S.E.Booth.Ultrasonicass as a Method of Mixing, Dispersion and Homogenisation.Paint﹠amp; Resin, 1986,56 (6): 17~18.Translation: S.E. cloth grace.Stir the supersonic method of dispersion and homogeneous.Coating and resin, 1986,56 (6): 17~18]
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the three property interface coating modified versions modified version synoptic diagram that are coated on the interchanger plate and film in the three property interfaces that form.1 is the interchanger plate among the figure, and 2 film for modified version three property interfaces, and it is by solidified polyphenylmethyl base silicone resin three-dimensional crosslinked network, and wherein wraps up colloidal particle and form, the 3rd, and film coated surface, it is made up of the methyl of solid matter.
Embodiment
About the hydrophobicity of filming, thermal conductivity and adhering mensuration, by the present invention is the modified version of former three property interface coatings, at first consider adhesivity, vinyl three tertiary butyl peroxy-silanes have been used as silicone couplet in the former three property interface coatings, thereby obtain the high-adhesiveness of filming in former three property interfaces, still adopt this silicone couplet at three property interface coating modified versions, and film forming base-material and its volume ratio (1: 0.1) are constant, thereby can follow-on the filming of inference three property interface coatings still keep high-adhesiveness; About hydrophobicity, the level of will filming is upwards placed, and suctions pure water with the 2.5ml disposable syringe, slowly extrude globule diameter about 1mm from syringe needle, the globule still sticks on the syringe needle, allows the globule slowly move along coated surface, be not stained with face as the globule, mention syringe needle slightly, make the globule increase to 2mm, the globule drops on the face and can not stop, promptly filming has or vibration slightly, the globule comes off from face immediately, then can be the maintenance high hydrophobicity of filming, and this method can be described as syringe water squeezing pearl method; About thermal conductivity, use the electric heating analogy, Applied Digital volt ohm-milliammeter (DT9203 type), its resistance is 200, six grades of 2k, 20k, 200k, 2M and 20M, change the pointed probe before two measurements of this general-purpose lead into two copper sheets, the wide 12mm of plate, long 14mm stick with glue these two red coppers on a smooth special carte, gap between two copper sheets is 0.5mm, and the opposite side of two plates connects with soldering measures lead.During use, two copper sheets are close to the face of filming, measure its resistance value, resistance is more little, and it is good more then to be coated with film conductivity, and it is good more also to characterize the thermal conductivity of filming, and this method can be described as the measuring resistance method.
Embodiment 1:
In patent ZL 001 10559.0 embodiment 4, WGS-0310 is applied to the vaporizer of Jetta motorcar air conditioner, this vaporizer monomer performance test detects data and shows that having WGS-0310 to film films than nothing, and the air side ability has improved 3.4%.In the present invention, the dimethyl siloxane (BYK-310) of polyester modification is added among the WGS-0310, the amount that adds is by being film forming base-material (being 5% by volume) among the WGS-0310, the masking liquid that is added with auxiliary agent B YK-310 is applied to vaporizer in the Nissan Motor conditioner of Zhengzhou, on same testing table, vaporizer monomer performance test detects data and shows have this filming to film than nothing, and the air side ability has improved 9.02%>3.4%.The factor that has other, but the auxiliary agent in the three property interface coating modified versions adds BYK-310, and effect is positive.
Embodiment 2:
For from experimentally verifying the dispersion stabilization of the masking liquid that is disposed through silicone oil processing aerosil (R202, initial median size 12nm, white amorphous powder), be the purpose of present embodiment.
The film forming base-material is W33-15, and its volume is with V
WExpression; Dispersion medium (1) trichloroethane, its volume is with V
ClExpression, dispersion medium (2) butanone, its volume is with V
bExpression; Solia particle is R202, and its volume is with V
SExpression; Auxiliary agent is YGO-1401, and its volume is with V
vExpression.The volume ratio of this each component of composition is:
V
W∶V
v∶V
Cl∶V
b∶V
S=1∶0.1∶1.5∶1.5∶5.5
After said mixture prepares, in ultrasonic homogenizer, disperseed 1 hour.Be coated with fluid viscosity, be coated with-4 glasss 13.6 seconds.[25.4 * 76.2mm (1 " * 3 "), thick 1mm] immerses in this masking liquid with slide glass, stops 20 seconds, slowly takes out, and room temperature is dried, and puts into the far infrared rays baking box, baking in the time of 150 ℃, film-forming 40 minutes.The hydrophobicity of filming is extruded globule method with syringe, and recording films reaches the high hydrophobicity requirement; Use the measuring resistance method, record resistance, illustrate that the thermal conductivity of filming is very poor for infinitely great.
This masking liquid is placed on 500ml, and in the wide-mouth frosted clear-glass bottle, shading was left standstill 15 months, did not find precipitation.From this embodiment, the visible aerosil of hydrophobization initial particle 12nm fully, in hydrophobic masking liquid, it is good that the colloid power that is formed by pedesis is learned stability, and remarkable in film coated surface morphology effect.
Embodiment 3:
Film forming base-material W33-15, its volume is with V
WExpression; Dispersion medium is a trichloroethane, and its volume is with V
ClExpression; Solia particle (1) R202, its volume is with V
SExpression, solia particle (2) ordinary carbon black pigment, its volume is with V
CExpression; Auxiliary agent (1) YGO-1401, its volume is with V
vExpression, auxiliary agent (2) BYK-310, its volume is with V
310Expression, silicone oil 201-1000 is used in active group absorption on (3) carbon black, is dimethyl silicone oil, and viscosity is 1000mm
2/ s (medical sanitary level, Shanghai Resin Factory produces), its volume is with V
201Expression.
The volume ratio of this each component of composition is:
V
W∶V
v∶V
201∶V
310∶V
Cl∶V
C∶V
S=1∶0.1∶0.01∶0.05∶3∶2∶3.5
The carbon black of handling through silicone oil is that carbon black is mixed with dimethyl silicone oil, is placed in the ultrasonic homogenizer, carbon black fine particle is disperseed, and the absorption of the active group on carbon black fine particle silicone oil molecule, make the complete hydrophobization of carbon black.Ultrasonic homogenizer work 1 hour.With W33-15, YGO-1401 and BYK-310 and trichloroethane inject lentamente, at last R202 are added in the ultrasonic homogenizer then.Ultrasonic homogenizer work 2 hours.Slide glass is immersed in this masking liquid, slowly take out, room temperature is dried, and puts into the far infrared rays baking box, baking in the time of 150 ℃, film-forming 40 minutes.Extrude globule method with syringe, recording films reaches the high hydrophobicity requirement; Use the measuring resistance method, recording resistance is 60K, and than patent ZL 00 1 10559.0 embodiment 4, the resistance 65K that WGS-0310 films is little, illustrates that the thermal conductivity of filming of present embodiment has slight improvements.
Embodiment 4:
Film forming base-material W33-15, its volume is with V
WExpression; Dispersion medium (1) trichloroethane, its volume is with V
ClExpression, dispersion medium (2) butanone, its volume is with V
bExpression; Solia particle (1) R202 is with volume V
SExpression, solia particle (2) ordinary carbon black pigment, its volume is with V
CExpression; Auxiliary agent (1) YGO-1401, its volume is with V
vExpression, auxiliary agent (2) BYK-310, its volume is with V
310Expression, silicone oil 201-1000 is used in the absorption of auxiliary agent (3) carbon black active group, is dimethyl silicone oil, and viscosity is 1000mm
2/ s (medical sanitary level, Shanghai Resin Factory produces), its volume is with V
201Expression.The volume ratio of this each component of composition is:
V
W∶V
v∶V
201∶V
310∶V
Cl∶V
b∶V
C∶V
S=1∶0.1∶0.02∶0.05∶1∶2∶4∶2
At first, carbon black is mixed with dimethyl silicone oil, put into ultrasonic homogenizer, carbon black fine particle is disperseed, and the absorption of the active group on carbon black fine particle silicone oil molecule, make the complete hydrophobization of carbon black.Ultrasonic homogenizer work 1 hour.Then W33-15, YGO-1401, BYK-310 and trichloroethane, butanone are injected lentamente, at last R202 is added ultrasonic homogenizer.Ultrasonic homogenizer work 2 hours.Be coated with fluid viscosity, be coated with-4 glasss 15.6 seconds.Slide glass is immersed in this masking liquid, slowly take out, room temperature is dried, and puts into far infrared case baking box, baking in the time of 180 ℃, film-forming 40 minutes.Extrude globule method with syringe, record this and film and reach the high hydrophobicity requirement; Use the measuring resistance method, recording resistance is 2.8K, the 65K that films much smaller than former WGS-0310, the thermal conductivity of filming that present embodiment is described has significant improvement, the volume ratio of carbon black and film forming base-material is 4: 1 in its reason present embodiment, and the volume of carbon black and film forming base-material is 2: 1 among the embodiment 3, and the shared share of carbon black is doubled in promptly filming.
Because this masking liquid has shown the follow-on advantage of three property interface coatings, so called after WCS-05.Accompanying drawing is that WCS-05 is coated on plate and filming of generating, 1 expression plate among the figure, film in 2 expression modified versions, three property interfaces, it is a solidified polyphenylmethyl base silicone resin three-dimensional crosslinked network, and wherein wrap up the silicon-dioxide and the sooty colloidal particle of complete hydrophobization, 3 expression film coated surface, it is the methyl composition of solid matter.Film and the surface is a totally nontoxic.
Embodiment 5:
WCS-05 is coated on the test specimen of 50 * 50mm (with No. 1000 sand paperings, remove greasy PS plate with dimethylbenzene again) on, the oven dry film forming, adhere to the cold junction of cold of semi-conductor with heat conductive silica gel, the vertical placement starts cold of semi-conductor, makes it to move in the dewfall operating mode, operation is 8 months continuously, and be 8 * 30 * 24=5760h working time.
Is 10 years by manufacturer to the domestic air conditioning rated wear, annual work 180 days, worked every day 6 hours, for cold, warm air conditioner, summer, indoor heat exchanger was vaporizer (sending cold wind), then be condenser (sending hot blast) winter, and therefore 10 year life-span should multiply by 0.5 to indoor and outdoor as the vaporizer accumulated operating time, i.e. 10 * 180 * 6 * 0.5=5400h.
When cold end of run of semi-conductor, observing films do not see peel off, problem such as crackle, and when the form of the globule was with just dewfall on the test specimen, variation was not seen in range estimation.Because 5760>5400, and be operation continuously, so modified version three property interfaces are coated with membrane lifetime and machine life is complementary.And, from experimentally make first section of embodiment, verified about the inference of the high-adhesiveness of filming.