CN1838921A - 用于骨固定术的装置 - Google Patents

用于骨固定术的装置 Download PDF

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CN1838921A
CN1838921A CNA038270439A CN03827043A CN1838921A CN 1838921 A CN1838921 A CN 1838921A CN A038270439 A CNA038270439 A CN A038270439A CN 03827043 A CN03827043 A CN 03827043A CN 1838921 A CN1838921 A CN 1838921A
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described rotor
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克利斯多弗·迪图瓦
安德烈·弗伦克
菲利普·谢柳斯
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Synthes USA LLC
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/74Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur
    • A61B17/742Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur having one or more longitudinal elements oriented along or parallel to the axis of the neck
    • A61B17/746Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur having one or more longitudinal elements oriented along or parallel to the axis of the neck the longitudinal elements coupled to a plate opposite the femoral head
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/74Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/8085Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates with pliable or malleable elements or having a mesh-like structure, e.g. small strips

Abstract

本发明涉及一种转子稳定装置(40),特别用于固定在髋关节(11)的区域内的骨断片或用于固定大的转子(12),包括:A)骨稳定装置(1),它包括一块中心板(2),该中心板具有至少一个固定穿孔(13),用以安装一个骨固定装置(20);B)一块纵向的骨板(30),在其上固定一个成角度伸出的套管(31),用以安装一插入髋关节(11)的区域内的固定元件(50);其中C)由中心板(2)伸出至少三个外周的臂(4);D)每一外周的臂(4)具有至少一个孔(5),用以安装一个骨固定装置(20)。

Description

用于骨固定术的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按照权利要求1的前序部分所述的转子稳定装置和一种按照权利要求20的前序部分所述的髋螺钉装置。
背景技术
这样的装置例如用于在近中的股骨上的骨折的护理,特别用于按照AO分类31-A2和31-A3型的不稳定的转子的骨折的护理。
一种这样的装置由EP-B 0 515 828是已知的,它包括一个套管夹板和一个与其可拆卸连接的转子稳定板。该已知的装置中不利的是:
-转子稳定板是比较刚性的并且几乎不能适应于相关的解剖学;
-不可能采用任何的角稳定的螺钉;
-皮质螺钉的应用同样几乎是不可能的,因为皮质在大的转子的区域内是很薄的并且几乎不允许皮质螺钉的锚定;
-利用环扎术的固定在某些情况下是不够的。在该已知的板中只可借助于一环扎钢丝固定大的转子。但这种固定方式不足以阻止大的转子向颅侧的位错,因为作用在大的转子上的臀肌中间的肌肉由一力牵拉,该力大致一次相当于体重;以及
-调制性是受限制的。利用已知的转子稳定板不总是能考虑到不同的解剖学和骨折构形。
由德国实用型式U1 87 06 912.1已知一种小骨板用以护理头盖骨和脸骨骼的护理,亦即用于不同于用来在关节附近的区域内固定骨断片的应用。该已知的骨板根据其应用构成直线的、L形的或双T形的并且实际上没有任何的中心板,而总的构成为传统的骨板。因此利用该已知的板并不提供用来在关节附近的区域内固定骨断片的应用。
发明内容
在这里本发明将消除各种弊端。本发明的目的在于,提供一种转子稳定装置,它包括可适应于大的转子的表面的骨稳定装置。
本发明利用一种具有权利要求1的特征的转子稳定装置和一种具有权利要求20的特征的髋螺钉装置达到提出的目的。
通过本发明达到的优点可看出基本上在于,由于本发明的装置达到:
-可以阻止股骨干的近中化(Medialiseirung),因为构成为转子稳定板的骨稳定装置用作为侧面的支撑;
-转子稳定板的各臂可以将大的转子的各断片接合在一起并固定之;
-在转子稳定板板的近中部分中的螺纹孔可以用角稳定的螺钉稳定地固定大的转子的各断片,亦即骨螺钉例如借助于转子稳定板中的螺纹连接其螺钉头并因此相对于板不能旋转或移动。因此可避免分离的大的转子向颅侧的位错。此外可以大大降低近中的股骨的生物力学的效果;
-转子稳定板设计成模块式的,亦即其可简单地按相关的解剖学成形并切成所需要的形状。其中将板切成所需要的形状并不形成毛边,因为可以只围绕板孔分开;以及
-不损害髋螺钉的动力稳定机理。还可以采用一个附加的螺钉以阻止股骨头的转动。不同于已知的转子板在当前的转子板防转螺钉可以设置在一个任意的位置。
在一种优选的实施形式中骨稳定装置的中心板具有一个长度L和一个宽度B<L以及一纵轴线,同时各臂构成骨板形的并且具有一个宽度b<B。各臂包括至少一个具有一个孔的套管,其中在各两个套管之间或在一个套管与中心板之间设置接片。臂的该实施形式的主要优点在于,通过适当的尺寸的选择得出接片的一个长度,它可以为了分离接片采用一种标准切削工具,例如来自一套跟骨板中的切削工具(AONO.329.142)。
对此优选套管具有一个在6至10mm之间的外径DA,同时两个孔之间的间距A在10mm与15mm之间。
在另一实施形式中两邻近的臂之间的角度为至少30°、优选40°。借此可取得的优点是,一方面同样可采用上述刀具,而另一方面可以以尽可能有规律的间距将各螺钉装入大的转子中。
对此优选各臂与中心板的纵轴线之间形成一个角度α,其位于±5°至±115°的范围内、优选±10°至±110°的范围内。
在另一种实施形式中,各臂中的孔的至少一部分设有内螺纹。通过该实施形式可取得下列优点:
-在头部上设有一个互补于内螺纹的外螺纹的骨固定装置、特别是骨稳定装置的各臂中的骨螺钉的角稳定的连接;
-在大的转子的区域内皮质是很薄的。因此除在很年轻的病人中以外普通的皮质螺钉没有螺纹头几乎是不可能装入其中。相反,利用角稳定的螺钉即使在没有硬的皮质的很软的骨中质也可以阻止各固定的断片之间的相对运动;
-通常双皮质地应用无螺纹头的螺钉,亦即它们必须一直嵌进对置的皮质内。相反,角稳定的螺钉也可以单皮质地应用,如其在大的转子的区域内是不可避免的;
-角稳定的螺钉允许以间距固定骨板。因此较少地损害骨膜的供血,这可导致较快的骨治愈。
优选的是,孔中的内螺纹构成圆锥形的,因为具有圆柱形螺纹的头部联锁螺钉以正确的角度拧紧入板中是很困难的。
在另一种实施形式中,各臂垂直于中心板测量的厚度“D”在孔的区域内大于连接各个孔的接片的厚度“d”。借此可取得的优点是:
-在为适应于解剖学的状况而使臂变形特别是弯曲时,由于该实施形式并不使套管内的内螺纹变形,从而其功能不受臂的变形的不利影响;
-各臂在从接片过渡到套管时可精确地分离,从而由于切断不在表面上形成任何毛边;
-由于较小的壁厚可以更好地分离各臂。
在另一种实施形式中,各臂横向于中心板的纵轴线通过接片相连接,借此可取得的优点是,各套管可以这样相互连接,即使各骨断片接合在一起。能够避免大的转子向颅侧的偏移。臀肌中间的肌肉以一力向颅侧牵拉大的转子,该力大致一次相当于体重。
骨稳定装置可以设计成使各臂的长度为至少6mm、优选至少8mm。每一臂具有至少一个孔。同一臂的两孔之间的间距可以小于6mm、优选在3.5mm与4.5mm之间。此外从中心板起看去在最外周的孔与纵轴线之间的间距可以在10mm与40mm之间。
在另一种实施形式中,骨稳定装置由具有至少40%的断裂延伸率的不锈钢构成。优选金属合金的组分为17.0-19.0%的铬、13.0至15%的镍和2.7至3.0%的钼、骨稳定装置优选由一软的材料制造,从而各臂在向骨表面弯曲时不会断裂。
在另一种实施形式中,中心板在其纵侧面具有垂直于板伸出的导轨。优选骨板的宽度相当于两导轨的间距,从而骨稳定装置与中心板一起例如可在一块骨板上与其平行地移动。
在另一种实施形式中,骨稳定装置和骨板具有相互校准的固定穿孔,在其中可插入骨固定装置、特别是骨螺钉,从而骨稳定装置和骨板可一起连接于骨。
在本发明的髋螺钉装置的一种优选的实施形式中,它包括一种上述构成的转子稳定装置的实施形式和一个用于插入套管内的固定元件,其构成为髋螺钉或构成为螺旋楔(Spiralklinge)。
附图说明
本发明的一个实施例,其同时说明功能原理,示于附图中并且以下将更详细地加以描述。其中:
图1本发明的转子稳定装置的一个实施形式的骨稳定装置的俯视图;
图2按图1的骨稳定装置的侧视图;
图3按图1的骨稳定装置的前视图;
图4按图1至3的骨稳定装置的一臂的一部分的横剖面图;
图5按图1至3的骨稳定装置的一臂的俯视图;以及
图6一个转子稳定装置包括按图1至5的骨稳定装置和一个包括一块骨板的套管夹板的纵剖面图,其中套管夹板安装在股骨上。
具体实施方式
按照图1至4骨稳定装置1基本上包括一个中心板2,其具有一个纵轴线8、一个远离骨10的外表面18、一个内表面19和四个外周的相对于纵轴线8倾斜的或折弯的臂4。中心板2平行于纵轴线8具有一个长度L且横向于纵轴线8具有一个宽度B,其中B<L。此外中心板2设有一从外表面18至内表面19穿过板2的长孔3、多个同样贯穿的固定穿孔13和一个同样贯穿的通入长孔3的开口17。各臂4设置在板2的与纵轴线相交的第一端25上。其中板2在其第一端25上设计成叉形的并且在各叉尖端27上设有各一个具有一个孔5的套管16并在终端包括一弧状横接片28,其连接两叉尖端27并具有两个各具有一个孔5的套管16。两臂4a、4b的固定端21连接于叉尖端27上的各套管16而另两个臂4c、4d的固定端21连接于横接片28上的各套管16。其中臂4a至4d设置成使两连接于叉尖端27上的各套管16的臂4a、4b与纵轴线8之间形成一个约110°的角度而两连接于横接片28上的各套管16的臂4c、4d与纵轴线8之间形成一个约35°的角度。
固定穿孔13用于安装骨固定装置20、特别是安装骨螺钉,借其可将骨稳定装置1与一个套管夹板29的骨板30(图6)一起固定在骨10上。开口17构成为长孔,从而在需要时可以装入一个附加的骨螺钉(未示出)。通过该附加的骨螺钉可以阻止髋关节头相对于股骨的旋转。固定元件50(图6),其可以例如构成为髋螺钉或螺旋楔,在轴向移动时可以以其后端在长孔3中偏移。
各臂4在这里由各一个在自由端22上设置的套管16和各一个在套管16与固定端21之间设置的接片7组成,其中各套管16具有一个厚度D和接片7具有一个较小的厚度d,从而接片7是可弯曲的,而此时套管16和特别是其中的内螺纹6没有变形。套管16中的孔5设计成圆锥形的并且设有一个圆锥内螺纹6。
此外,在中心板2上平行于纵向轴线8在内板2的第二端26测量的长度A上设置两个导轨9,借其中心板2可平行于其纵轴线8在固定在骨10上的套管夹板29的骨板30上移动(图6)直到臂4贴紧大的转子12的表面(图6)。
一臂4的一部分示于图5中。为了可采用商业上可买到的切削工具,例如来自一套跟骨板中的切削工具(AO NO.329.142),将包括孔5和接片7的套管16的尺寸选定如下:
-两个邻近的孔5的两个中心之间的间距C为14mm;
-两个邻近的套管16之间的间距W为6mm;以及
-各套管16的外径DA为8mm。
图6中所示的转子稳定装置40的实施形式基本上包括一个传统的套管夹板29,如其应用于护理股骨的股骨颈骨折和特别是转子的骨折,还包括构成为转子稳定板的中心板2,其具有四个外周的相对于中心板2的纵轴线8倾斜的臂4(图1-4)。臂4的接片7(图1)可以弯曲成使臂4贴紧大的转子12的表面。套管夹板29包括一个可与骨10、特别是与股骨干连接的、平行于股骨干纵轴线延伸的、设有多个固定穿孔33的骨板30和一个在其上成一角度伸出的具有一个中心孔32的导套31,一个固定元件50,特别是一个髋螺钉或螺旋楔可通过该导套31。各固定穿孔33优选位错设置并且设有锥形沉孔14。为了骨板30在骨上的固定也可以采用构成为骨螺钉的骨固定装置20。为了对拱形的骨表面的更好的解剖学的适应,将骨板30构成为适应于骨表面的空心圆柱扇面。
借助于各导轨9可以使骨板30和中心板2相互相对和平行于纵轴线8一直移动到中心板2中的固定穿孔13与骨板30上的固定穿孔33对准,从而中心板2借助于拧入骨板30的骨固定装置20、特别是骨螺钉的一部分可固定在套管夹板29上。
植入骨板30的传统的手术操作在于:
-借助于一个器械在一个工作过程中向侧中的(latero-medialer)方向在大的转子的下面制出多个不同直径的孔以便将固定元件50和在套管夹板29上设置的导套31装入股骨颈的中心;
-接着将固定元件50装入股骨颈内,此时借助于一个瞄准器确定正确的拧入深度;
-然后沿固定元件50推进套管夹板29的导套31;
-将套管夹板29借助于构成为骨螺钉的骨固定装置20固定在骨干上,此时让套管夹板29的第一和第三固定穿孔33空着;
-将转子板的各臂4借助于适当的全套器械按照存在的骨折构形切成所需要的形状并弯曲成形;
-随后将中心板2经由贯穿中心板20和骨板30的固定穿孔13、33借助于构成为骨螺钉的骨固定装置20安装在已植入的套筒夹板29上;
-需要时可经由骨稳定装置1中的开口17装入一个直径为至少6.5mm的骨螺钉,其能够阻止头断片与股骨干之间的转动。骨稳定装置1在这里可以用作为后座,以便向侧面牵引头断片并由此封闭骨折裂缝;
-随后将大的转子的骨断片可以借助于骨固定装置20,特别是借助于具有头部螺纹的角稳定的骨螺钉固定之。通过各骨螺钉在骨稳定装置1的孔5中的角稳定的锚定阻止各螺钉之间并从而各骨断片之间的相对运动。
转子稳定板由于其结构的刚度可以由一相当薄的钢板制成。

Claims (20)

1.转子稳定装置(40),特别用于固定在髋关节(11)的区域内的骨断片或用于固定大的转子(12),包括:
A)骨稳定装置(1),它们包括一块中心板(2),该中心板具有至少一个固定穿孔(13),用以安装一个骨固定装置(20);以及
B)一块纵向的骨板(30),在其上固定一个成角度伸出的套管(31),用以安装一个插入到髋关节(11)的区域内的固定元件(50);
其特征在于,
C)由中心板(2)伸出至少三个外周的臂(4);
D)每一外周的臂(4)具有至少一个孔(5),用以安装一个骨固定装置(20)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的转子稳定装置(40),其特征在于,中心板(2)包括两个在其纵侧面上设置的垂直于中心板(2)伸出的导轨(9)。
3.按照权利要求2所述的转子稳定装置(40),其特征在于,骨板(30)的宽度相当于两个导轨(9)的间距,从而使得中心板(2)可以套到骨板(30)上并沿纵向可在其上移动。
4.按照权利要求1至3之一项所述的转子稳定装置(40),其特征在于,中心板(2)具有一个长度L和一个宽度B<L以及一条纵轴线(8)。
5.按照权利要求4所述的转子稳定装置(40),其特征在于,各臂(4)构成骨板形的并且具有一个宽度b<B。
6.按照权利要求1至5之一项所述的转子稳定装置(40),其特征在于,各臂(4)包括至少两个具有孔(5)的套管(16)并且各套管(16)借助于接片(7)相互连接。
7.按照权利要求6所述的转子稳定装置(40),其特征在于,套管(16)具有一个在6至10mm之间的外径DA
8.按照权利要求1至7之一项所述的转子稳定装置(40),其特征在于,两个孔(5)之间的间距C在10mm与15mm之间。
9.按照权利要求1至8之一项所述的转子稳定装置(40),其特征在于,两个邻近的臂(4)之间的角度为至少30°,优选至少40°。
10.按照权利要求1至9之一项所述的转子稳定装置(40),其特征在于,各臂(4)与纵轴线(8)之间形成一个角度α,该角度在±5°至±90°的范围内,优选在±10°至±80°的范围内。
11.按照权利要求1至10之一项所述的转子稳定装置(40),其特征在于,各孔(5)的至少一部分设有内螺纹(6)。
12.按照权利要求11所述的转子稳定装置(40),内螺纹(6)是圆锥形的。
13.按照权利要求1至12之一项所述的转子稳定装置(40),其特征在于,各臂(4)的在孔(5)的区域内垂直于板(2)测量的厚度“D”大于连接各个孔(5)的接片(7)的厚度“d”。
14.按照权利要求1至13之一项所述的转子稳定装置(40),其特征在于,各臂(4)横向于中心板(2)的纵轴线(8)由接片(7)相连接。
15.按照权利要求1至14之一项所述的转子稳定装置(40),其特征在于,臂(4)的长度为至少6mm,优选至少8mm。
16.按照权利要求1至15之一项所述的转子稳定装置(40),其特征在于,每一臂(4)具有至少一个孔(5)。
17.按照权利要求1至16之一项所述的转子稳定装置(40),其特征在于,同一臂(4)的两个孔(5)之间的间距小于6mm,优选在3.5mm与4.5mm之间。
18.按照权利要求1至17之一项所述的转子稳定装置(40),其特征在于,从中心板(2)起看去,在最外周的孔(5)与纵轴线(8)之间的间距在10mm与40mm之间。
19.按照权利要求1至18之一项所述的转子稳定装置(40),其特征在于,骨稳定装置(1)和骨板(30)具有相对一致的固定穿孔(13、33),在其中可插入骨固定装置(20),使得稳定板(1)和骨固定夹板(30)可一起与骨(10)连接。
20.包括一个按照权利要求1至19之一项所述的转子稳定装置(40)和一个固定元件(50)的髋螺钉装置,其特征在于,固定元件(50)为一个髋螺钉或螺旋楔。
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CN102551921A (zh) * 2012-01-13 2012-07-11 南方医科大学 一种用于髋关节假体周围骨折手术的人工股骨柄
CN102551921B (zh) * 2012-01-13 2014-07-02 南方医科大学 一种用于髋关节假体周围骨折手术的人工股骨柄
CN105640635A (zh) * 2016-02-03 2016-06-08 哈尔滨医科大学 一种股骨假体周围骨折翻修锁定钢板
CN106344140A (zh) * 2016-08-23 2017-01-25 江苏奥康尼医疗科技发展有限公司 一种股骨近端接骨板
CN106344140B (zh) * 2016-08-23 2018-11-30 江苏奥康尼医疗科技发展有限公司 一种股骨近端接骨板

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