CN1858985A - 用于运行电动工具机的方法 - Google Patents

用于运行电动工具机的方法 Download PDF

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CN1858985A
CN1858985A CNA2006100794637A CN200610079463A CN1858985A CN 1858985 A CN1858985 A CN 1858985A CN A2006100794637 A CNA2006100794637 A CN A2006100794637A CN 200610079463 A CN200610079463 A CN 200610079463A CN 1858985 A CN1858985 A CN 1858985A
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accumulator
drive motor
mosfet
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clock
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CN1858985B (zh
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京特·洛尔
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/0833—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for electric motors with control arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/285—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only
    • H02P7/29—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using pulse modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection

Abstract

本发明涉及用于运行电动工具机的方法，该电动工具机具有一个储能器(12)、尤其是一个可再充电的储能器，该储能器给一个驱动电动机(10)供电。本发明提出：由一个电子单元(15)发生一个时钟频率，借助该电子单元随每个时钟来接通一个MOSFET(17)的栅极(X4)，该MOSFET将一个工作电压施加给该驱动电动机(10)，其中，该MOSFET(17)在一个时钟内的关断通过与运行参数相关的不同的信号来实现。

Description

用于运行电动工具机的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行电动工具机的方法。本发明还涉及一种电动工具机。
背景技术
在手持式电动工具机上使用可再充电的储能器时必须避免储能器的过度放电，因为储能器可能不可逆地损坏或至少严重地降低它的使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明提出了一种用于运行电动工具机的方法，该电动工具机具有一个储能器、尤其是一个可再充电的储能器，该储能器给一个驱动电动机供电，其中：由一个电子单元发生一个时钟频率，借助该电子单元随每个时钟来接通一个MOSFET的栅极，该MOSFET将一个工作电压施加给该驱动电动机，其中，该MOSFET在一个时钟内的关断通过与运行参数相关的不同的信号来实现。
本发明还提出了一种电动工具机，它具有一个储能器、尤其是一个可再充电的储能器，用于给一个驱动电动机供电，其中：可由一个电子单元发生一个时钟频率，借助该电子单元可随每个时钟接通一个MOSFET的栅极，该MOSFET将一个工作电压施加给该驱动电动机，其中该MOSFET在一个时钟内可通过与运行参数相关的不同的信号被关断。
根据本发明的用于运行具有一个储能器的电动工具机的方法特别适用于具有锂离子电池的电动工具机。它成功地保护了储能器，与此同时对于电动工具机获得了良好的调节性能。通过电子单元发生一个时钟频率，借助该电子单元随每个时钟来接通一个MOSFET(金属氧化物半导体场效应管)的栅极，该MOSFET将一个工作电压施加给驱动电动机，其中MOSFET在一个时钟内的关断通过与运行参数相关的不同的信号来实现。MOSFET的该关断首先不导致驱动电动机的关断，而是导致驱动电动机的一个脉冲宽度的减小(Zurücknahme)。电动机电流及由此转矩保持在高值上或甚至最大值上，仅仅转速下降。
优选地，在达到电动工具机的一个运行参数的预给定阈值时使驱动电动机的控制信号的一个脉冲宽度减小。电动工具机仅减小了该脉冲宽度而未完全被关断。
在一个有利的构型中，在达到来自储能器的电流的一个最大允许阈值时使该脉冲宽度减小。
在另一个有利的构型中，在达到储能器和/或驱动电动机的最大允许损耗功率时减小该脉冲宽度。栅极的复位不导致电动工具机的关断，而仅导致转速下降。损耗功率的确定有利地这样地进行，即，确定一个与储能器中的和/或驱动电动机中的电阻性损耗成比例的信号并且对超过允许损耗的损耗功率进行积分。为了确定损耗功率，来自储能器的电流可从一个与电流成比例的信号来获得并转换成一个具有平方电流关系的信号，构成该电流值与电流阈值之间的差值并且使该差值对时间积分。因此对超过允许损耗的损耗功率进行积分。
在一个有利的构型中，在达到储能器的最大允许温度时这样地改变所测量的电流信号，使得实现驱动电动机的缓和的关断。通过有目的地使电流信号失真可避免不舒适的突然的关断。
在一个有利的构型中，在低于储能器的一个允许的最小的电压时关断栅极。优选地，在储能器放了电的情况下才使驱动电动机完全关断。
在一个有利的构型中，在驱动电动机完全关断时才关断电动工具机的钻孔位置照明装置。电动工具机的使用者即使在高于或低于阈值时也可几乎不受干扰地继续工作，而储能器则受到可靠的保护免于有害的过度放电。
本发明还有利地提出，在电动工具机的接通-关断开关中借助电位器来调节栅极电压的脉冲宽度。通过脉冲宽度的与接通-关断开关的按钮行程相关的对数特征曲线可非常精细地在0与100％之间调节电动工具机的转速。
附图说明
本发明的其它实施形式、各个方面及优点可从以下借助本发明的由附图示出的实施例中得到，它们并不依赖于其在权利要求书中的概括，也无普遍性的限制。以下附图中表示：
图1一个优选的电动工具机的原理电路图；
图2一个优选方法的功能流程图；及
图3一个优选的电子单元的示范性总电路图。
具体实施方式
图1表示一个优选的电动工具机的原理电路图。一个电子单元15控制一个作为开关工作的MOSFET 17的栅极脉冲，该MOSFET将来自一个储能器12的工作电压施加给一个转换器11并且由此施加给一个驱动电动机10。图3示范性地表示电子单元15的总电路图。根据本发明的方法的各个功能块的相互配合在图2中示出。
转换器11在右旋与左旋之间可选择地转换驱动电动机10的运行方向。在续流阶段(Freilaufphase)中电动机电流流过续流二极管(Freilaufdiode)18。MOSFET 17的栅极X4可被连在转换器11上。在MOSFET 17的源极X2与储能器12的负极X1之间连接着一个测量电阻19，如图3中可看到的，借助该测量电阻来测量来自储能器12的电流。
储能器12的温度借助一个传感器16来确定并且输入到温度输入端X8上。一个电容器14与储能器12并联。一个接通-关断开关13总地接通或关断对驱动电动机10的和通过输入端X5对电子单元15的电压供给。
这些功能块一方面保护优选构造成锂离子电池的储能器，另一方面赋予电动工具机良好的调节性能。
电子单元15在电压块20中发生几kHz、优选为7与10kHz之间、特别优选为8kHz左右的时钟频率。在每个时钟开始时将一个栅极电压在栅极电压块21中加在输入端S上，MOSFET 17即被接通。MOSFET 17在一个时钟期间通过输入端R上的复位来关断可通过不同的信号实现。
来自储能器12的电流流过测量电阻19并且产生一个与电流成比例的信号，该信号被放大。当达到一个最大值、尤其达到储能器12的最大允许放电电流——例如对于锂离子电池约为30A——时，栅极电压块21中的栅极电压被复位。但电动工具机由此仅减小了其脉冲宽度而未完全关断。电动机电流及由此转矩仍保持最大，仅仅转速下降。
与电流成比例的信号I在电流测量块23中被确定并且接着在积分块24中被转换成信号Ieff，该信号与电流的平方成比例。从该新的信号Ieff中减去一个极限值Igrenz。该差值Ieff-Igrenz对时间进行积分。信号Ieff与储能器12中的及驱动电动机10中的电阻性损耗(I2·R)成比例。由此对超过允许损耗的损耗功率进行积分。如果该积分达到一个极限值，则使栅极电压块21中的栅极电压复位。这也不导致电动工具机的关断，而仅使转速下降。
在功能块25中持续监测储能器12的电压Ubat，以便保护在该点上非常脆弱的锂离子电池以免过度放电。当低于与负载相关地匹配(I·R补偿)的极限值Ubatt，min时，电子单元15关断栅极X4，即栅极电压在栅极电压块21中被复位。为了I·R补偿，功能块25获得电流块23的一个信号。起初这导致转速的减小。在储能器12放了电的情况下电动工具机被完全地关断。在此情况下功能块26中的一个钻孔位置照明装置28也被关断。
当储能器12作为锂离子电池构造时，该储能器首先必需如镍基电池中所公知地被保护以免超温。通过优选组合在储能器12中的测温电阻16、最好为NTC电阻来确定储能器12中的温度(功能块27)。如果超过一个预定的极限值，则电子单元15这样地使功能块24中的电流信号失真，使得实现电动工具机缓和的而非突然的关断。
最后可通过接通-关断开关13中的电位器来调节栅极电压的脉冲宽度(脉冲宽度块22)。通过电位器的按钮行程与脉冲宽度之间的对数关系可非常精细地在0与100％之间调节电动工具机的转速。
特别优选的是，该电动工具机是一个具有锂离子电池的、蓄电池供电的旋拧机。

Claims (11)

1.用于运行电动工具机的方法，该电动工具机具有一个储能器(12)、尤其是一个可再充电的储能器，该储能器给一个驱动电动机(10)供电，其特征在于：由一个电子单元(15)发生一个时钟频率，借助该电子单元随每个时钟来接通一个MOSFET(17)的栅极(X4)，该MOSFET将一个工作电压施加给该驱动电动机(10)，其中，该MOSFET(17)在一个时钟内的关断通过与运行参数相关的不同的信号来实现。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：在达到电动工具机的一个运行参数的预给定阈值时使该驱动电动机(10)的控制信号的一个脉冲宽度减小。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于：在达到来自该储能器(12)的电流的一个最大允许的电流阈值时使该脉冲宽度减小。
4.根据以上权利要求中一项的方法，其特征在于：在达到该储能器(12)和/或该驱动电动机(10)的最大允许的消耗功率时减小该脉冲宽度。
5.根据权利要求4的方法，其特征在于：确定一个与该储能器(12)和/或该驱动电动机(10)中的电阻性损耗成比例的信号并且对超过允许损耗的损耗功率进行积分。
6.根据权利要求5的方法，其特征在于：来自该储能器(12)的电流从一个与电流成比例的信号来获得并被转换成一个具有平方电流关系的信号，构成该电流值与电流阈值之间的差值并且该差值对时间积分。
7.根据以上权利要求中一项的方法，其特征在于：在达到该储能器(12)的最大允许温度时这样地改变所测量的电流信号，使得实现该驱动电动机(10)的缓和的关断。
8.根据以上权利要求中一项的方法，其特征在于：在低于该储能器(12)的一个允许的最小的电压时关断所述栅极(X4)。
9.根据权利要求8的方法，其特征在于：在该储能器(12)放了电的情况下使该驱动电动机(10)完全关断。
10.根据以上权利要求中一项的方法，其特征在于：在该驱动电动机(10)完全关断时才关断钻孔位置照明装置。
11.电动工具机，具有一个储能器(12)、尤其是一个可再充电的储能器，用于给一个驱动电动机(10)供电，其特征在于：可由一个电子单元(15)发生一个时钟频率，借助该电子单元可随每个时钟接通一个MOSFET(17)的栅极(X4)，该MOSFET将一个工作电压施加给该驱动电动机(10)，其中该MOSFET(17)在一个时钟内可通过与运行参数相关的不同的信号被关断。
CN2006100794637A 2005-05-02 2006-05-08 用于运行电动工具机的方法和电动工具机 Expired - Fee Related CN1858985B (zh)

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CN103246215A (zh) * 2013-04-02 2013-08-14 张家港华捷电子有限公司 电动工具调速开关

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