CN1876489B - Propulsion unit for motor boats and the electric boat - Google Patents

Propulsion unit for motor boats and the electric boat Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1876489B
CN1876489B CN2006100913176A CN200610091317A CN1876489B CN 1876489 B CN1876489 B CN 1876489B CN 2006100913176 A CN2006100913176 A CN 2006100913176A CN 200610091317 A CN200610091317 A CN 200610091317A CN 1876489 B CN1876489 B CN 1876489B
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propulsion unit
output shaft
hull
unit
axis
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CN1876489A (en
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F·布齐
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FB Design SRL
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FB Design SRL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H23/00Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
    • B63H23/02Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with mechanical gearing
    • B63H23/08Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with mechanical gearing with provision for reversing drive
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H1/00Propulsive elements directly acting on water
    • B63H1/02Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
    • B63H1/12Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
    • B63H1/14Propellers
    • B63H1/18Propellers with means for diminishing cavitation, e.g. supercavitation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/08Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers of more than one propeller
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/08Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers of more than one propeller
    • B63H5/10Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers of more than one propeller of coaxial type, e.g. of counter-rotative type

Abstract

A propulsion unit for motor boats is disclosed, wherein a drive member is assembled within the hull bottom, in proximity of the transom and drives at least one propeller having a large-diameter hub and being placed outside the hull in proximity of the transom.

Description

The electric ship of the propulsion unit of ship and this propulsion unit of employing
Technical field
The present invention generally relates to electric ship, relates in particular to a kind of propulsion unit that is used for this class ship.
Background technology
With in the transmission device, except stern outboard drive set type, advance axis in all navigation with respect to the floating line WL of the ship a certain angle [alpha] that tilts.This state is shown schematically among Fig. 8, has the angle of rake propulsion system according to the submergence of prior art shown in it.
The thrust that is produced by propelling unit is pointed to its axis as can be seen, and therefore---because axis is a bevelled, the part thrust that is used to originally advance is subjected to loss.Because there be the component vertical with the working direction of ship.
Yet, it is most important that the surface advances the situation (particularly when being applied to fast gliding type hull) of transmission device, this is because design effort condition hypothesis small propeller hub remains on the water surface outward with the resistance of reducing friction, and therefore only makes angle of rake lower blade submergence.Some example that has the quick hull of surface propelling transmission device shown in Fig. 9 A and Fig. 9 B in the prior art.In this case, compare with the propelling transmission device of submergence, inclined angle alpha can be littler acute angle, yet even like this, still considerable perpendicular to the thrust of ship working direction.
---being the axis that propelling unit has level (or almost level)---is difficult to realize because with conflicting perfect condition between the practical feasibility that engine and reverse box is installed on the hull.For example, may there be interference problem between reverse box or engine food tray and the hull bottom.
In order partly to solve these installation questions, in order to obtain especially little angle [alpha], essential universal-joint (segmentation) or the constant-velocity universal joint of using of engine and reverse box realized feeding.Yet this solution causes the inferior use (bigger engine room) in the space on the hull, and especially the rising of ship center of gravity causes slowing down of speed.
Except these shortcomings, the total problem of all boats and ships transmission devices (comprising those stern outboard drive set types) is the corrosion of submergence part.It is to be not enough to realize protecting fully corrosion that the quality matetrial that use obtains owing to technological advance is also suitably primed to all metal ingredients.Therefore require the quantity of submergence part to reduce as much as possible.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of can making advances axis to reduce or even be the propulsion unit of zero electric ship with respect to the leaning angle of the floating line of ship is a large amount of.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of propulsion unit that can reduce the part that is exposed to the marine corrosion effect.
Another object of the present invention provides and a kind ofly can be independent of driving system configuration (or V-arrangement transmission or coaxial) and easily be installed in propulsion unit (or the propelling unit of submergence or surperficial propelling unit) on any kind of electric ship.
These purposes are realized by the present invention.According to the present invention, a kind of propulsion unit of ship is provided, comprise at least one engine and at least one reverse box of being contained in the hull, and by described driven by engine and be arranged at least one outer propelling unit of described hull, it is characterized in that, comprise that at least one is installed in described hull near in the bottom of oxter plate and have a drive element of at least one output shaft, has at least one controlled propelling unit on the described output shaft, and described at least one propelling unit is installed near the oxter plate of described hull, described at least one angle of rake hub have roughly and the outer wall of the axis of described at least one output shaft and described hull bottom between equidistant radius.
Originally returning provides a kind of electric ship that comprises described propulsion unit.
The propulsion unit that is provided with the drive element that makes axle drive shaft drop to as close as possible hull bottom according to the present invention can make cardan shaft obtain with respect to the floating line of ship or very near 0 ° or form the very leaning angle of low-angle (being generally less than 4 °).
Drive part usefully is installed in the position of close oxter plate in the hull, and near at least one propelling unit that is installed in the hull oxter plate is set at the outside, this angle of rake hub have roughly and output shaft axis and hull bottom outer wall between equidistant radius.
Also be applicable to different embodiment according to propulsion unit of the present invention, for example reverse box is integrated in the drive element.
In addition, usefully comprise multiple arrangement, be used for changing in a controlled manner the leaning angle of output shaft axis with respect to the floating line of ship according to propulsion unit of the present invention.
The invention still further relates to the ship that is provided with the above-mentioned type propulsion unit.For example, this ship or be provided with the reverse box direct mount in the G of drive element shape transmission transmission device, perhaps be provided with V-arrangement transmission transmission device (engine and reverse box are set at the top of cardan shaft) or annular transmission transmission device (similar but have closed loop, engine is supported by transmission device) to the V-arrangement transmission.
According to the present invention, can be propelling unit and obtain horizontal shaft (or very little leaning angle), and can reduce the problem that power cell is installed in (mainly being that dark V-arrangement slides hull bottom) on the hull.
Owing to can save long drive shaft and the supporting mass thereof that protrudes from the water downwards, have greater than the propelling unit of the hub of traditional hub size and adopt near the drive element that is installed in the oxter plate by employing, can further reduce the metal part of submergence.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious by following explanation, following explanation is considered to exemplary and indefiniteness, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and in the accompanying drawings:
Description of drawings
Figure 1A and Figure 1B are the longitudinal diagrams according to the possible embodiments of propulsion unit of the present invention, wherein propulsion unit be installed in ship oxter plate near;
Fig. 2 is the stern schematic elevational view partly that is provided with the ship of a pair of propulsion unit according to of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the longitudinal diagram according to another possible embodiments of propulsion unit of the present invention;
Fig. 3 A is the cross sectional drawing that the gear arrangement of propulsion unit shown in Figure 3 is shown;
Fig. 4 is the enlarged drawing of Fig. 3 details;
Fig. 5 is the longitudinal diagram according to the possible arrangement of propulsion unit of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the longitudinal diagram according to another possible embodiments of propulsion unit of the present invention;
Fig. 7 A-7C illustrates the possibility that propulsion unit is applied to V-driving and ring drive transmission device according to the present invention respectively; And
Fig. 8,9A and 9B illustrate the some embodiment according to the propulsion unit of prior art.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates near the drive element 10 the oxter plate 20 that does not have gear and be installed in ship.Having size is output greater than the propelling unit 30 of the hub 31 of the used hub size of known propelling unit and is connected in drive element 10.In particular, the radius R of hub 31 roughly equates in propelling unit 30 with from the axis A of the output shaft conllinear of drive element 10 and the distance H between the hull bottom with coaxial.
Figure 1B schematically illustrates the possible embodiments of the drive element 110 with gear.One or two power take-off is set at the side towards reverse box, and one is positioned at upper end 111 and another is positioned at lower end 112, and they are connected with each other by a pair of gear 113,114.
Lower end power take-off 112 is coaxial with output axis A, and with the upper end power take-off, parts 110 is linked to each other with any existing reverse box, and do not need special-purpose reverse box or any adaptive bonded assembly device.Yet this is not precluded within when needing and uses (constant velocity universal or universal) joint reverse box is connected in parts 110, is beneficial to realize reducing or being zero of an A degree of dip.
Therefore, a key character of drive element 10 is to have the low-down axis A that extends from stern, and the angle that the result is formed between this axis and the floating line WL is approximately 0 °, or is no more than 4 °.
As representing by way of example among Fig. 2, the hub 31 of each propelling unit 30 always breaks away from dynamic floating line WL, usefully as surperficial propelling unit work, wherein has only lower blade 32 (having the gliding type hull) to contact with water.
Having propelling unit 30 greater than the hub of the diameter of traditional hub allows to use and has under optimal way or be zero or be not more than the cardan shaft of 4 ° leaning angle.This can also reduce the projection of propulsion unit with respect to oxter plate 20, and reduces the amount of the metal part that directly contacts with water simultaneously and reduce resistance.
In other words, the diameter of the angle of rake hub 31 that very close oxter plate 20 is installed in height overlaps with its lower end, hull bottom, has only lower blade 32 to protrude from undersurface propelling unit 30 with respect to hull bottom thereby form in practice.
Above-mentioned propulsion unit also can be applied to single engine or equipment with double engines.In equipment with double engines, or under the situation with greater number engine, this equipment is particularly advantageous, because the counter-rotating propelling unit is offset the moment that is produced by each engine or propelling unit together.In the form of Figure 1B, the compactedness with single propelling unit scheme of two power take-offs 111,112 is given prominence to.
In Fig. 3 and Fig. 3 A, one embodiment of the present of invention are illustrated as in the traditional mechanism that is applied to have two coaxial and counter-rotating propelling units 30,35.This scheme is more favourable than above-mentioned single propeller form, because the moment that is produced by propelling unit---equates also on the contrary---to be offset by " automatically ", this is desirable for single engine occasion and is best for equipment with any amount engine (two, three, four etc.), and this also provides bigger acceleration/accel and regain by first propelling unit and gives the energy that consumes in the gyroscopic movement of water.
The gear drive parts 210 of twin screw form are different with foregoing, because it has coaxial axle 213 are contained in interior quill shaft 215.Two coaxial axles 213,215 pass to each propelling unit 30,35 with return motion.
As shown in Figure 3A, counter-rotating guarantees to realize by one group of gear 211a, 211b and 211c.The operation of propulsion unit of noting reversing be independent of selected use for example be connected in the upper end power take-off 218 of gear 211a or be connected in gear 211c lower end power take-off 216 power take-off and guarantee to realize.
Provide gear drive parts also to allow when needed to each propelling unit, by changing the size and the number of teeth of gear, for each propelling unit is selected different ratios of number of teeth with axle drive shaft.With other twin screw system, " twin screw " outboard drive set difference for example, the rotation that can produce varying number according to the counter-rotating propelling unit of propulsion unit of the present invention.
In Fig. 3, can observe a pipeline 51 that is used to discharge engine exhaust and is provided with.Can make engine exhaust flow through the hub of propelling unit 30,35.For this reason, the bottom of hub usefully is provided with the hole.
One pipeline 52 also can be set, and it and propelling unit 30,35 ventilate so that the air near the water surface propelling unit is siphoned away.
Can differently support two axles 213,215 that counter-rotating is coaxial.Particularly favourable feasible program is by supporting diaxons with the dynamically lubricated rubber bush 212,214 of seawater.For obtaining this result, dynamic inlet 250 is provided propulsion unit so that water pours into opening lubricated " loop ".Each for example is provided with the side seal body towards the upstream side of oxter plate 20.More effective for shading ring that this scheme is used with respect to tradition or the oil bath bearing, because it has saved these parts.
Yet, can adopt hybrid plan, promptly two axles wherein one by water lubricating lining supporting and another root by oil bath bearing and shading ring supporting.
This scheme is by the rubber bush bolster, and can adopt the positive lubrication of dynamic water inlet to the single propelling unit embodiment that describes in conjunction with Figure 1A and 1B.Perhaps available oil bath bearing supports single impeller drive shaft.
Owing to be formed with circular hole on the plate on the quarter, the gear drive parts that are fixed together with axle (or two coaxial axles) and propelling unit according to the present invention are directly adjacent in oxter plate 20 fixing.
Fig. 4 illustrates the amplification details of Fig. 3, the through hole 230 that wherein can observe the elastic seal assembly 220 that for example has RUBBER O shape heavy in section ring and propulsion unit is fixed in hull by nut and screw.Providing of rubber seal ring 220 allows to utilize its deformability to obtain the possibility of slight modification propulsion unit degree of dip by the rotation along axis 280.
Fig. 5 illustrates another embodiment according to propulsion unit of the present invention.Here Biao Shi gear drive parts 310 comprise overcoat especially, it have sphere roughly mounting portion 330 so that axle drive shaft pass.Land portions 330 is accommodated on the seat of size and dimension of relative set, this for example the flange 340 of a pair of indent by being fixed in oxter plate 20 provide.Corrugated elastic parts 320 guarantees the sealing at propulsion unit egress hole place and oxter plate.Same as the previously described embodiments, can make the floating line WL change several years of the leaning angle of propulsion unit around axis 380 rotations by making propulsion unit with respect to ship.Because can dismantle total system (perhaps when needed or in order to carry out periodical maintenance and/or checked operation) after installation, this embodiment is particularly favourable.
Another advantage embodiment illustrated in fig. 5 is that it can make the degree of dip of propulsion unit change significantly.In practice, can provide suitable actuator, it can be worked under controlled way and can rotate around axis 380.
The actuator that can be used for this occasion can be for example hydraulic, electric-type or electric liquid type, is set in the hull and therefore not to be exposed under corrosion or the casual damage.
One end of actuator (not shown) can be fixed in the fixed part of ship, for example form one, and gear case is fixed in the opposite end with oxter plate.
In the above-described embodiments, for the reverse box that generally is coupled in each engine, the gear drive parts are stand-alone assemblies.Another embodiment shown in Fig. 6, wherein gear drive parts 410 and reverse box 490 are integrated in the single component.
The propulsion unit of Miao Shuing is particularly useful for quick hull herein, the hull of gliding type and discharge type, and single hull or catamaran have the ship of any amount engine.
The some exemplary application that Fig. 7 A-7C illustrates according to propulsion unit of the present invention is implemented in the ship that provides different transmission devices.
V-arrangement drive propulsion system above engine 50 shown in Fig. 7 A and reverse box 40 are positioned at propeller axis.Engine 50 and reverse box 40 are connected in the lower end power take-off of gear drive parts 210 by axle 60, and its axis 60 is provided with suitable universal-joint or constant-velocity universal joint 61 in its end.
Annular transmission transmission device shown in Fig. 7 B (similar but have closed loop with the V-arrangement transmission), wherein engine 50 and reverse box 40 are by same drive element 210 supportings, and reverse box 40 is connected in the upper end power take-off of drive element 210.In Fig. 7 C, show annular transmission transmission device once more, yet wherein engine 50 is connected in the assembly 400 that is integrated with reverse box and gear drive parts.

Claims (25)

1. the propulsion unit of a ship, comprise at least one engine and at least one reverse box of being contained in the hull, and by described driven by engine and be arranged at least one outer propelling unit of described hull, it is characterized in that, comprise that at least one is installed in described hull near in the bottom of oxter plate and have a drive element of at least one output shaft, be adjusted at the above at least one propelling unit of described at least one output shaft, and described at least one propelling unit is installed near the oxter plate of described hull, described at least one angle of rake hub have roughly and the outer wall of the axis of described at least one output shaft and described hull bottom between equidistant radius.
2. propulsion unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the axis of described at least one output shaft is roughly parallel to the floating line of ship.
3. propulsion unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described at least one output shaft with respect to the leaning angle of waterline in 0 °-4 ° scope.
4. propulsion unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described drive element comprises that at least one is roughly parallel to the power take-off of the axis of described output shaft.
5. propulsion unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described drive element comprises at least one roughly coaxial with the axis of described output shaft power take-off.
6. propulsion unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described drive element is the gear drive parts and comprises at least two coaxial output shafts, wherein at least one output shaft be hollow and another root axle is contained in it, and be provided with a plurality of gears so that described coaxial output shaft rotates along opposite directions.
7. propulsion unit as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described at least one propelling unit is installed in end at each root of described coaxial output shaft, and described angle of rake hub has and the outer wall of the axis of described coaxial output shaft and described hull bottom between distance radius about equally.
8. as claim 6 or 7 described propulsion units, it is characterized in that, described angle of rake first is installed near the oxter plate and is adjusted to the end of the coaxial output shaft in the outside, and near described angle of rake second end that is installed in described first propelling unit and is adjusted to inboard coaxial output shaft.
9. propulsion unit as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described gear drive parts are included in the different gear ratio between described at least two output shafts.
10. propulsion unit as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, reduces device with friction and supports described coaxial output shaft.
11. propulsion unit as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described friction reduces device and comprises one or more bearings.
12. propulsion unit as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described friction reduces device and comprises one or more linings with dynamic water lubricating.
13. propulsion unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described drive element comprises overcoat, the described outer mounting portion that can fit in the oxter plate through hole that is arranged with.
14. propulsion unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described drive element comprises overcoat, and the described outer roughly mounting portion of sphere that is arranged with, described mounting portion are contained in the seat of shape and size of relative set.
15. propulsion unit as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, the described seat that holds described mounting portion comprises one or more flanges that are fixed in the ship oxter plate.
16. propulsion unit as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described reverse box and described gear drive parts form one.
17. propulsion unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with to change the device of the axis of described at least one output shaft with respect to the leaning angle of waterline in a controlled manner in 0 °-4 ° scope.
18. propulsion unit as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, described drive element comprises that actuator is to change the degree of dip of described axis with respect to floating line.
19. an electric ship is characterized in that, comprises any one described propulsion unit as claim 1-18.
20. electric ship as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, described propulsion unit is applied to transmission device, and wherein reverse box is directly fixed on propulsion unit.
21. electric ship as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, described propulsion unit is applied to the V-arrangement drive transmission device, and wherein engine and reverse box are set at the top of described propeller axis.
22. electric ship as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, described propulsion unit is applied to annular drive transmission device, and wherein engine is supported by described propulsion unit.
23. electric ship as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, described hull is single hull or catamaran.
24. electric ship as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, described hull be gliding type or displacement hull.
25. electric ship as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, is provided with the air near the water surface described propelling unit is siphoned away, thereby avoids the device of cavitation.
CN2006100913176A 2005-06-10 2006-06-09 Propulsion unit for motor boats and the electric boat Active CN1876489B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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IT001088A ITMI20051088A1 (en) 2005-06-10 2005-06-10 GROUP OF PROPULSION FOR MOTORIZED VESSELS AND CRAFTS MADE THAT MADE
ITMI2005A001088 2005-06-10

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CN1876489B true CN1876489B (en) 2011-02-16

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US (1) US20060281376A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1731418B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1876489B (en)
AT (1) ATE396108T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2006202397B2 (en)
DE (1) DE602006001255D1 (en)
IT (1) ITMI20051088A1 (en)

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EP2414222A2 (en) 2009-04-01 2012-02-08 Robert A. Morvillo System and method for controlling aeration of a surface-piercing propeller
IT1395752B1 (en) * 2009-09-22 2012-10-19 Fb Design Srl PASS-HULL SUPPORT FOR STEERING WHEEL AND THE PROPULSION OF A BOAT AND BOAT EQUIPPED WITH SUCH SUPPORT.

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CN87103246A (en) * 1986-04-29 1987-11-11 霍尔明公司 Propeller device for vessel
US6361387B1 (en) * 2001-01-19 2002-03-26 Brunswick Corporation Marine propulsion apparatus with dual driveshafts extending from a forward end of an engine
CN1535894A (en) * 2003-04-07 2004-10-13 Propelling unit for sea ship
CN1594031A (en) * 2004-06-08 2005-03-16 杨锡尧 Coupled rotary oars power propeller for ship with cabin

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ITMI20051088A1 (en) 2006-12-11
EP1731418B1 (en) 2008-05-21
US20060281376A1 (en) 2006-12-14
EP1731418A1 (en) 2006-12-13
AU2006202397B2 (en) 2011-03-10
AU2006202397A1 (en) 2007-01-04
CN1876489A (en) 2006-12-13
ATE396108T1 (en) 2008-06-15
DE602006001255D1 (en) 2008-07-03

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