CN1904171A - 大体积的纤维叠层及其生产 - Google Patents

大体积的纤维叠层及其生产 Download PDF

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CN1904171A
CN1904171A CNA2006101035728A CN200610103572A CN1904171A CN 1904171 A CN1904171 A CN 1904171A CN A2006101035728 A CNA2006101035728 A CN A2006101035728A CN 200610103572 A CN200610103572 A CN 200610103572A CN 1904171 A CN1904171 A CN 1904171A
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fiber
nozzle
superimposed fiber
fibrous material
large volume
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塞巴斯蒂安·佐默
马蒂亚斯·雷斯勒
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Eli Finn Hauser & Co Machinery Factory LLC
Truetzschler Nonwovens GmbH
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Eli Finn Hauser & Co Machinery Factory LLC
Fleissner GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种大体积纤维叠层，其包括在至少两个非织造布载体之间的一个或者多个有吸收能力的纤维材料层，该纤维材料通过水针加固，在纤维叠层的全部表面上存在带有较高针刺密度的区域和较低针刺密度的区域，形成被褥状结构。为此目的的装置的特点是，水针装置除了具有在每个单位面积内带有大量喷嘴的喷嘴带之外，并且还具有在每个单位面积内带有少量喷嘴的喷嘴带，或者根本无需一个或多个喷嘴带。

Description

大体积的纤维叠层及其生产
技术领域
本发明涉及一种大体积的纤维叠层，其包括一层或者多层吸收性的纤维材料，该纤维材料通过水针加固，本发明还涉及一种用于其生产的方法和装置。
背景技术
在EP 1 250 482 B1中已经公开了一种用于生产由至少一个非织造布载体(例如纺丝粘合的非织造布)和涂敷在该非织造布载体上的木质纸浆层构成的复合非织造布，其用于生产一种卫生产品，其中在涂敷超吸收材料之前，为了预加固，纺丝粘合的非织造布被压干，然后涂敷木质纸浆层，并且二者共同通过流体动力的水针加固并被干燥。
此外，在EP 1 445 366 A2中公开了一种用于生产纤维叠层，特别是生产有吸收能力的擦拭布的方法，其中，由纤维构成的至少一个纺丝粘合的非织造布被预加固，并且在预加固的纺丝粘合的非织造布上涂敷至少一种由亲水纤维制成的纤维层。然后，由纺丝粘合的非织造布和纤维层构成的叠层被通过流体动力方式加固。
最后，在EP 1 524 350 A1中公开了一种纤维叠层，特别是一种有吸收能力的清洁布，其由至少一个由纤维构成的预加固的纺丝粘合的非织造布和至少一个由亲水纤维构成的纤维层构成，其被以流体动力方式加固，并且，其中在流体动力加固的纤维叠层的表面上引入压制形变。在生产这种类型的有吸收能力的擦拭布和清洁布的情况下，由预加固的纺丝粘合的无纺织布构成的两个外层以及由气流成网纸浆构成的内层通过水喷射加固的方法彼此粘接。
考虑到费用和强度，这种类型的产品要比由梳理纤维非织造布生产的擦拭布和清洁布更具有优势，然而在实践中，其厚度太小，进而其吸收能力是不足的。直到现在，在可接受的能量消耗的情况下，过小的水喷射加固不能达到各个层的足够的分层强度(或者说分层抵抗能力)，从而特别是在潮湿的状况下，多个层很容易彼此分开。该缺点通过在前面所述的EP 1 445 366 A2和EP 1 524 350 A1中描述的通过对所使用的非织造层的预压或者通过水喷射加固的最终产品的后压来改善。因此，目的是寻找一种用于生产大体积的以及具有吸收能力的纤维叠层的替代方法，该叠层提供更厚的并且更不敏感的产品，特别是擦拭布和/或清洁布，或者是寻找适合用于其他有高吸收需求的应用中的替代方法。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的提供一种大体积的纤维叠层，其包括在至少两个非织造布载体之间的一层或者多层有吸收能力的纤维材料，该纤维材料通过水针加固，在该大体积的纤维叠层中，在纤维叠层的全部表面上存在带有较高针刺密度的区域和较低针刺密度的区域，形成被褥状(steppdeckenartig)结构。在其生产中，与至今已经公开的方法相比，在使用相同的能量时，由于提高了生产速度而实现产量的增长，或者在产量相同时，实现较少的能量使用。
对于该产品而言，可以使用区别很大的非织造布载体。通过热轧光、热空气加固和机械针刺或者化学处理而加固的非织造布是适合的。由纺纱过程、气流成网/湿法成网或者梳理过程获得的非织造布也是合适的。也可以使用由单组分纤维、双组分纤维或者多组分纤维、混合纤维构成的非织造布。由聚烯烃，如聚丙烯、聚乙烯或者聚酰胺或者聚酯构成的非织造布载体，或者由天然的或者加工过的天然材料，如纤维素、羊毛、棉花或者纤维素纤维(Lyocell)和纤维胶构成的非织造布载体被证明也是可行的。
在根据本发明的大体积的纤维叠层中使用的有吸收能力的纤维材料可以由所有亲水的纤维材料组成，其中所有作为超吸水体而公开的产品都是非常合适的。
根据本发明，优选地使用细度或者直径为0.3到3丹尼尔，优选的是0.5到2.5丹尼尔并且非常优选的是0.8到1.5丹尼尔的纤维用于生产非织造布载体。最适宜的是，非织造布载体的纤维的细度或者直径在1.5丹尼尔以下。本发明的目的是大体积的纤维叠层，该叠层由多个非织造布层和/或纤维层构成。此时单个层的纤维可以具有不同的特性。
为了生产根据本发明的大体积的纤维叠层，还开发了一种专门的装置。该装置由纺丝粘连或者梳理装置、空气加固或者轧光装置、可能直接相邻的用于将有吸收能力的纤维材料施加到预加固的非织造布上的装置以及水针装置构成。根据本发明，该水针装置具有在每个单位面积带有大量喷嘴的喷嘴带，紧随其的是具有少量喷嘴的喷嘴带。根据本发明，与现有技术相比，可以完全不需要喷水梁，借此节省了投资的费用。纤维叠层的生产也可以根据本发明在离线设备上实现，也就是说，先前生产的成卷的非织造覆盖材料通过脱卷供给，用于涂布有吸收能力的纤维材料，并且供给水喷射加固装置。
每个喷嘴带的大量喷嘴应被理解为大约40个喷嘴，其在喷嘴带的每英寸宽度上(即每英寸宽度布置40个喷嘴)互相相邻设置。这些喷嘴通常具有约0.12mm的直径。与之相反，具有更少量的喷嘴的喷嘴带应被理解为在喷嘴带的每英寸宽度上仅具有大约20个或者更少的喷嘴。喷嘴带的分度为每英寸5到20个孔，在使用热加固的(轧光)(纺丝粘和)的非织造布时，与轧光点的分度相配合，更确切地说为轧光点的分度大小的1.5倍到3倍，优选的是2倍到2.5倍。这些喷嘴的直径有利的是至少为0.14mm，优选的是0.18mm。通过较大的直径，每个喷嘴的水量被提高，这加强了各个层之间的加强粘接的效果。这导致了一种效果，即生成产生被褥状结构的所谓的停止线，该停止线足以阻止复合物的分层。
这样的一个喷嘴带从一侧工作并且由此产生不对称的产品。若阻止该不对称时，出现使用两个喷嘴带的可能性。它们在相对的方向上工作，也就是说分别在产品的上侧或下侧，并且分别具有一个喷嘴带的在每英寸宽度内大约一半的喷嘴数量。在这种情况下，推荐这两个喷嘴带相对横向运动，以避免两个喷嘴系统的相互间连续的分度误差。在生产中的能量消耗的改变此时是微不足道的。
与在通常情况下喷嘴带的每英寸宽度使用40个喷嘴相比，根据本发明，在喷嘴带上具有较少的喷嘴数量，其数量仅仅最多为通常情况下的一半。然而也可能完全放弃一个或多个喷嘴带，并且集中针刺于叠层的确定的区域。利用这种方法，产生具有被褥状结构的叠层。
附图说明
用于生产根据本发明的大体积的纤维叠层的根据本发明的装置在附图中示出。
具体实施方式
连续地从装置1中引出的连续纤维2到达在下部运转的循环传送带3上，传送带在箭头方向上运行。轧光机5与该循环传送带3相关联，如果需要，通过使用能量和热量，该轧光机也可以提供精压加固的非织造布。轧光装置也可以由空气加固装置(图中未示出)替代。在该方法步骤之后，利用装置6实现涂布有吸收能力的纤维材料的目的。然后，在装置10和轧光机11中生成的第二非织造布载体作为上部非织造布覆盖层覆盖在有吸收能力的纤维材料上，并且这样产生的层材料被输送到水针装置。为此多个水针滚筒13、14前后布置，其以曲折形式环绕运行，并且它们中的每一个都具有从上部与其相对应的以箭头示出的喷嘴梁。接下来的烘干可以利用通风烘干机9实现，其筛状滚筒9′在外部对应于通风设备。接下来，这里可以穿过轧光机15、16，其中，两个辊15、16被加热。
因此，通过对装置的说明已经示出的用于大体积的纤维非织造布的生产方法借此特征变得很出色，即在非织造布载体之间的一层或多层有吸收能力的纤维材料通过水喷射针刺加固，并且在复合非织造布的全部面上存在带有较高针刺密度的区域和较低针刺密度的区域，形成被褥状结构。在叠层上也可以叠加多个非织造布层。在这些情况下，多层叠层通过水喷射针刺相互粘接，并且接来干燥。
对根据本发明的方法重要的一点是，与现有技术不同，纤维叠层的全部表面不是均匀的针刺，而是对确定的区域针刺加强，而其它区域很少或者根本不被加固。这样，未针刺的区域可以获得大体积的结构。因此，产生的产品通过下面的有利的特征变得很出色：
1.其示出比完全针刺的纤维叠层更大的厚度和吸收能力；
2.其示出比之前通过针刺法生产的擦拭布和清洁布更好的分层抵抗能力或者说分层强度，因为增大针刺的区域由于其强大的加固作用阻止了分层；
3.由于卷曲的覆盖层在横向方向上产生伸缩储备(Dehnreserve)，借此，大体积的纤维叠层变得更有弹性和更柔软。

Claims (4)

1.一种大体积的纤维叠层，其包括在至少两个非织造布载体之间的一个或者多个有吸收能力的纤维材料层，所述纤维材料通过水针加固，其特征在于，该纤维叠层在纤维叠层的全部表面上具有带有较高针刺密度的区域和较低针刺密度的区域，形成被褥状结构。
2.由根据权利要求1所述的大体积的纤维叠层构成的清洁布或者擦拭布。
3.用于生产根据权利要求1所述的大体积的纤维叠层的装置，其包括：
一个或多个纺丝粘连装置或者梳理装置，
一个或多个空气加固装置或者轧光装置，
可能直接相邻的装置，用于将有吸收能力的纤维材料涂布在预加固的纤维非织造布上，以及
水针装置，其特征在于，水针装置除了具有在每单位面积内有大量喷嘴的喷嘴带之外，还具有在每单位面积内具有少量喷嘴的喷嘴带，或者完全无需喷水梁。
4.一种用于生产由复合非织造布构成的大体积纤维叠层的方法，其中在非织造布载体之间的一个或者多个有吸收能力的纤维材料层通过水针加固，其特征在于，在所述纤维叠层的全部表面上存在带有较高针刺密度的区域和较低针刺密度的区域，形成被褥状结构。
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