CN1909848B - 骨折治疗装置 - Google Patents

骨折治疗装置 Download PDF

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CN1909848B
CN1909848B CN2005800024683A CN200580002468A CN1909848B CN 1909848 B CN1909848 B CN 1909848B CN 2005800024683 A CN2005800024683 A CN 2005800024683A CN 200580002468 A CN200580002468 A CN 200580002468A CN 1909848 B CN1909848 B CN 1909848B
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anchor log
bone
tube wall
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actuator
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CN1909848A (zh
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马克·M·利维
伊兰·格林伯格
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Expanding Orthopedics Inc
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    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
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Abstract

一种骨治疗装置,包括具有管壁(125、225、454)的杆(120、220、450、502、552、602、604、702)、在管壁内延伸的内腔(126、226、564)、穿过管壁的开口、以及靠近开口、当杆的内腔中存在驱动力时能被展开到开口之外的锚定件(128、228、452、520、554、612、614、714)。骨治疗装置进一步包括被配置而容纳在杆的内腔中,以将锚定件展开到开口之外的促动器(130、230、300、400、730)。

Description

骨折治疗装置
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及医疗装置,具体而言,涉及用于稳定折骨和/或将物体固定在骨头上的装置。
背景技术
肢骨的骨折通常使用内固定装置治疗,例如放置于骨表面的夹板,钉入折骨的髓管内的钉,和/或将折骨两端固定在一起的螺杆。这些内固定装置可以为折骨提供合理的结构刚性和/或稳定性,而不会损害到刺激骨细胞所需要的部分张力。
髓内固定法是一种传统治疗长骨骨折的方法,其涉及使用髓内钉固定骨块,而不会影响骨膜。这种方法以封闭方式完成,折骨在愈合期间在功能上仍可使用(包括承重)。对于每根骨,用于插入髓内钉的手术方法稍有区别,这在矫形外科领域是众所周知的。
一些与传统的髓内固定方法有关的问题包括缺乏旋转稳定性(即用钉连接的折骨块相互可以相对彼此旋转),缺乏纵向稳定性(即用钉连接的折骨块可以沿钉的轴彼此相对移动),在一些骨折类型中骨折部位的崩落,和/或不期望的钉子的回退(backup)。另外,髓内固定方法可能在钉子之间引入联锁螺杆,产生一些不利因素。具体而言,传统的用于长骨的髓内固定钉可以包括刚性结构(中空的或实心的),该刚性结构通过附加螺杆(穿过骨壁横向施加)和钉自身而可以在其末端锁定。这种附加步骤通常会使手术时间更长和更复杂,并需要另外皮肤切割和/或更长时间地使用图像增强器(X-射线)。而且,骨头端之间不期望的间隙可能源于螺杆,这是永久性的,除非在新的手术中除去。在污染的骨折中,虽然尽力清洗骨折部位(其可能导致骨头感染),金属髓内钉还是可能将污染扩散至整个骨髓管。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个实施方式,一种骨治疗杆包括管壁和在管壁内延伸的内腔。在一个实施方式中,管壁被设置为在所治疗的骨的髓管内延伸,但是可替代地,可以定制其尺寸,以便从侧面延伸进入所治疗的长骨、扁平骨或不规则骨的多孔区或皮质区内,或同时进入这两个区域。本发明的实施方式中装置旨在使用最小介入(微创)外科方法进行植入,但是,也可以使用传统的切开手术植入。
在本发明的实施方式中,管壁可以是圆柱状的,例如与骨的髓管更密切相符,或者可以是非圆柱状的,例如椭圆形的、三角形的、长方形的、圆锥形的或锥形的,具有开口、部分开口、或封闭的横截面。管壁也可以开槽,在表面具有凹槽,或刻有螺纹,以促进杆在骨中锚定。管壁可以具有基本上连续的表面,例如阻止骨生长到杆上,从而有利于以后从骨中取出治疗杆。可替代地,管壁可以是多孔的,例如由筛网构成,以便促进骨在管壁内的生长,从而促进杆的锚定,或者甚至为了更好的骨粘合而涂敷(以连续或型中)骨诱导剂因子。这种涂敷物可以包括抗生素、固定酶、其他药物、聚合物、陶瓷,或任何其他生物相容性物质。
该杆进一步包括至少一个穿过管壁的开口,和至少一个靠近该开口的骨锚定件,设置该锚定件是为了在内腔中存在驱动力时被展开在开口的外面。在一个实施方式中,锚定件被铰接在管壁上,可以与管壁形成一体结构。在这种情况下,开口与锚定件尺寸相似或比锚定件稍大。如果是铰接,可以通过从管腔向外铰接锚定件而展开锚定件。在其他实施方式中,锚定件可以焊接到杆上,在这种情形,开口可以与锚定件相似或不相似。在另一个实施方式中,当管壁或管壁的一部分放置于骨表面时,锚定件被向内展开。
锚定件可选地包括一个向外延伸的尖头。以这种方式,锚定件能够更有效地在骨中锚定治疗杆。在一个实施方式中,锚定件是可以塑性变形的,这样即使从管腔内撤去驱动力,其仍然是展开的。然而可替代地,锚定件可以是弹性形变的,在这种情况下,通过把它粘连到骨和/或维持驱动力,锚定件仍能够展开。另外,在一些实施方式中,锚定件可以部分弹性和部分塑性地形变。如果提供多个开口、以及因此的多个锚定件,那么它们可以沿着管壁轴向延伸,以沿着治疗杆提供锚定力,并且/或者可以沿着管壁四周延伸,以沿治疗杆周围提供锚定力。沿着整个治疗杆长度,或在治疗杆的一部分如在治疗杆一端或两端,将开口和锚定件按一定的样式组合或随机布局设置在管壁上。锚定件可以具有相同的或不同的形状和/或尺寸。
根据本发明另一实施方式,一种骨治疗套件,包括骨治疗杆,并提供促动器。设置促动器以便被接收在杆的内腔中,以将锚定件展开到开口外。促动器可以是各种配置。例如,促动器可以包括被配置用来在杆的内腔内滑动以便将锚定件展开到开口外的构件。该构件可以是例如细长的构件或子弹状构件。在后一种情况下,可以在杆的内腔内引入多个子弹状构件,以展开多个锚定件。可以配置该构件以选择性地展开锚定件。
例如,可以将该构件放置在当该构件滑过所选择的锚定件时不展开该锚定件的第一旋转方向,以及当该构件滑过所选择的锚定件时展开该锚定件的第二旋转方向。促动器可选地包括配置用来在杆的内腔内扩展以将锚定件展开到开口外的可扩展件。例如,可扩展件可以是放置于杆的内腔内的螺旋管,当该构件通过该螺旋管滑动时在杆的内腔内展开。另一构件可以在第一构件外围滑动,以进一步扩展该螺旋管。可扩展件可替代地是气球或气球促动装置。
附图说明
附图示出了本发明实施方式的设计和用法,其中:
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方式构造的骨治疗套件的透视图,详细示出圆柱状髓内骨治疗杆和促动器;
图2是使用图1中的促动器锚定在骨髓管内的髓内骨治疗杆的透视图;
图3是根据本发明的另一个实施方式构造的一种骨治疗套件的透视图,详细示出非圆柱状髓内骨治疗杆和促动器;
图4是根据本发明的再一个实施方式构造的一种骨治疗套件的透视图,详细示出能够与图1的髓内骨治疗杆一起使用的可替代促动器;
图5是根据本发明的另一个实施方式构造的一种骨治疗套件的透视图,详细示出另一个能够与图1的髓内骨治疗杆一起使用的可替代促动器;
图6A-6C是图5的骨治疗套件在不同使用阶段的截面图;
图7是能够在前述任一骨治疗套件中使用的替代髓内骨治疗杆的部分截取透视图;
图8是骨治疗装置的一个实施方式的侧视图,其包含了前述任一骨治疗套件的特征以将自身锚定于骨的髓管中;
图9A和9B是骨治疗装置的另一实施方式的骨侧视图,其包含了前述任一骨治疗套件的特征以将自身锚定于骨的髓管中;
图10是骨治疗装置的另一实施方式的骨侧视图,其包含了前述任一骨治疗套件的特征并以将自身锚定于骨的髓管中;
图11是骨治疗装置的另一实施方式的骨侧视图,其包含了前述任一骨治疗套件的特征以将自身横向锚定于骨的侧面上;和
图12是骨治疗装置的另一实施方式的侧视图,其包含了前述任一骨治疗套件的特征以将自身锚定于骨的侧面上。
具体实施方式
现在参照图1和2,现在将描述根据本发明一个具体实施方式的骨治疗套件100。治该套件100一般包括骨治疗杆120和便于骨治疗杆120沿骨的髓管锚定的促动器130。骨治疗杆120具有第一端122、第二端124和限定内腔126的管壁125,内腔126在第一和第二端122、124之间延伸。促动器130具有第一端132和第二端134。促动器130按规定尺寸制作,以使其能够在使用时插入骨治疗杆120内腔126中。骨治疗杆120和促动器130可以由各种生物相容性材料如塑料、聚合物、金属、合金、或陶瓷制成。骨治疗杆120和促动器130也可由可生物吸收材料、组织工程材料,形状记忆合金或聚合物,如镍钛合金,或者其他有弹性的材料,如不锈钢或钛合金,或者可生物吸收或组织工程材料与非生物吸收材料二者相结合的材料制成。优选地,骨治疗杆120是足够刚性的,以向将在其中锚定该治疗杆的折骨提供稳定性,或提供结构刚性,以在该骨上适当地固定其他结构。
骨治疗杆120包括多个铰接在管壁125上的锚定件128和多个穿过管壁125而形成的相应开口140。每个锚定件128具有带尖头145的第一端144、以及固定于骨治疗杆120的管壁125上的第二端146(图2)。在替代的实施方式中,不用单个尖头145,锚定件128可以具有多个尖头。在其他实施方式中,锚定件128可以具有锐利的侧部。在其他实施方式中,锚定件128也可以具有一个不尖的端部(例如钝头)。在示例性的实施方式中,锚定件128和管壁125形成一个整体结构。例如,每个锚定件128和每个相应的开口140通过切穿骨治疗杆120的壁125制成,这样,壁125的一部分129(由该切口的外形限定)能够弯曲。切割可以通过使用激光束或机械切割机完成。部分129的第一端144然后沿第一线148弯曲并离开轴160,以产生从轴160放射指向的钉或刺。部分129然后沿第二线142弯曲,以使部分129置于内腔126中。应该注意到,在替代实施方式中,不使用所示出的切口外形,而可以使用不同切口外形,以便为开口140和锚定件128产生不同形状。另外,不用壁125的一部分制成锚定件128,锚定件128可以单独制造,然后使用粘结、焊接或合适的粘合剂固定于骨治疗杆120上。
在该例举的实施方式中,骨治疗杆120包括五组150a-e沿着骨治疗杆120的轴160设置的锚定件128,150a-e中每组具有三个锚定件128,它们圆周状设置在骨治疗杆120的轴160周围。在替代实施方式中,不使用每组三个的五组锚定件128,骨治疗杆120可以包括其他数目的组,且每组可以包括其他数目的锚定件128。在该例举的实施方式中,在其中一组150中的锚定件128可以与相邻组150中的锚定件呈圆周对齐。可替代地,相邻组150的锚定件128可以不用圆周对齐。而且,在替代实施方式中,不用具有规则的或精确限定的图案,锚定件128可以沿着骨治疗杆120的长度随机设置。在本文描述的任一实施方式中,锚定件128可以具有相同或不同的形状和/或尺寸。
在该例举的实施方式中,促动器130是细长的部件,其横截面尺寸小于内腔126的横截面尺寸,从而可以使促动器130插入到内腔126内。促动器130的横截面尺寸也应该足够大,以便在促动器130放入内腔126中时,促动器130外表面可以接合所有的锚定件128,以展开锚定件128(图2)。在一个实施方式中,促动器130的横截面尺寸稍小于(例如1/8″)内腔126的横截面尺寸,从而使促动器130能够将锚定件128通过相应开口140展开到内腔126外。在另一实施方式中,促动器130的横截面尺寸可以制得更小,以控制锚定件128的展开程度。在该例举的实施方式中,锚定件128在展开时经受塑性形变。可替代地,骨治疗杆120可以由相对更具弹性的材料构成,使锚定件128在展开时经受弹性形变。另外,在其他实施方式中,锚定件128也可以设置成经受部分是弹性和部分是塑性的形变。在其他实施方式中,也可以使用形状记忆材料,从而使锚定件不用促动器就可以展开。在进一步的其他实施方式中,促动器可以用骨干组织、天然或合成的可生物吸收材料,或组织工程材料制成,作为细胞接种或仅仅引导或诱导天然骨组织的支架。在一些情况下,刚性促动器可以用一种前述材料制成的构件代替,以便在支撑锚定件的同时更加生物相容,并且为了完全相容,还可以将壁和促动器都用该相同的材料制成。
如图2所示,骨治疗套件100可以用于稳定具有开放性骨折182的股骨180。可替换地,套件100可以用于不是股骨180的骨中,如胫骨、肱骨、穿过茎的椎骨、或任何其他骨,以治疗其他疾病。使用传统的方法,骨治疗杆120可以通过之前形成的入口184插入到股骨180的髓管186中。一旦骨治疗杆120按要求置入,促动器130就可以在第二端124处插入到骨治疗杆120的内腔126中,并向远端移动,以通过各自开口140在将锚定件128展开(并且在该例举的实施方式中,铰接)到内腔126之外。锚定件128穿入骨治疗杆120周围的骨组织,把骨治疗杆120锚定在股骨180上。锚定件128帮助防止骨治疗杆120相对于股骨180纵向滑动和/或绕纵向轴160旋转。
正如在下面进一步详细描述的那样,包含了骨治疗杆120的某些锚定特性的骨治疗杆,可以用于将骨稳定结构从侧面锚定到折骨的外部,或出于其他应用,在骨或关节上任意位置固定其他装置或物体(例如,用于关节造形的人工关节部分,关节或骨的同种异体移植或组织工程部分,肌腱,韧带,肌肉,换能器(或传感器),钩子,接合器,板,颌骨上的修复牙齿或搭桥,组织工程组织,基质或支架等)。
在前述实施方式中,骨治疗杆120和促动器130每个都具有一个环形截面。然而,也可以设置成其他的截面形状。例如,图3举例说明了与前述套件100相似的治疗套件200,除了其包括管状骨治疗杆220和三角形横截面形状的促动器230。骨治疗杆220具有第一端222,第二端224,以及限定至少部分延伸在第一和第二端222、224之间的内腔226的壁225。骨治疗杆220也具有多个开口240和多个与开口240相关的各自锚定件228。在这些例举的实施方式中,一排三个锚定件228安装于管形骨治疗杆220的每一侧。在其他实施方式中,在骨治疗杆220每一侧的这三个锚定件228可以以其他图案排列,且这些侧面可以具有不同数量的锚定件228。促动器230具有第一端232和第二端234。在替代实施方式中,骨治疗杆220和促动器230之一或二者都可以具有其他截面形状,如椭圆形、半圆形、矩形、或其他定制的的形状。
使用非圆形作为骨治疗杆220的截面形状的优点在于,一旦植入骨中,骨治疗杆220不可以进行扭动旋转,即绕骨治疗杆的纵轴260旋转,借此把自身扭转性锚定于骨上。在这种情况下,锚定件228起到把骨治疗杆220锚定于骨上的作用,以使骨治疗杆220不能在骨中纵向移动,增强了骨治疗杆220对骨的扭转锚定。
在前述实施方式中,促动器130、230采用了能展开所有锚定件128的单个、细长元件形式。可替换地,可以用一系列的促动器来展开锚定件128。例如,图4例举了两个可用于治疗杆120的促动器300。在该例举的实施方式中,每个促动器300采用子弹形状,其按规定尺寸制作,以适合在骨治疗杆120内腔126中。促动器300具有三个纵向延伸的平滑表面302和三个在平滑表面302之间纵向延伸的凹槽304。三个表面302中每一个设置得能接合骨治疗杆120的锚定件128。
使用具有一个或多个凹槽304的制动器的优点在于,其使用户能选择性展开某些锚定件128。具体而言,制动器300可以定向得使凹槽304对准一组150,锚定件128,以致制动器300可以向前经过组150,而没有展开锚定件128。
尽管示出了两个促动器300,任何合适数目的子弹状促动器都可使用。另外,在一些实施方式中,不使用具有相同结构的促动器,而使用具有不同结构的促动器300。例如,可以提供具有不同截面尺寸的、不同表面302和/或凹槽304数目、或不同长度的促动器300,从而使不同的锚定件以不同方式沿着骨治疗杆120的长度展开。而且,尽管展示了骨治疗杆120,促动器300也可以与其他骨治疗杆一起使用。
在一种实施方式中,促动器300的表面302与骨治疗杆120的锚定件128的圆周位置对齐,然后将促动器300在第二端124处插入到内腔126中。可以使用柱塞推动促动器300前行。当促动器300被向着骨治疗杆120的第一端122向前推进时,促动器300的表面302接合与之接触的任何锚定件128,将锚定件128至少部分地展开至内腔126之外。其它的促动器300也可以插入到内腔中,并邻近所展开的锚定件128放置,从而防止展开的锚定件128向其展开前的位置回移。
在一个实施方式中,如果沿骨治疗杆120的轴160在第一位置的锚定件128圆周上偏移于沿骨治疗杆120的轴160的第二位置的锚定件128,则当促动器300处于内腔126中时,促动器300可以在期望的方向上旋转,以接合锚定件128。例如,参照图1,在锚定件128的第一组150a被促动器300展开之后,促动器300可以进一步推进以展开锚定件128的第二组150b。在这种情况下,用于推进促动器300的柱塞可脱开地连接于促动器300上,并且可以用于旋转促动器300。
特别地,在促动器300展开锚定件128的第一组150a后,但在促动器300到达第二组150b之前,可以旋转柱塞以改变促动器300的方向,以使表面302对准锚定件128的第二组150b。然后促动器300向第二端122继续前行,以通过操纵柱塞而展开锚定件128的第二组150b。在一些时候,如果不想展开锚定件128的某个组150,可以操纵柱塞以旋转促动器300,使凹槽304对准相应的锚定件128。然后再推进柱塞,以推动促动器300经过锚定件128的这一组150,而不展开锚定件128。当柱塞前移时,其可被旋转以定向促动器300,使得促动器300可以沿着骨治疗杆120展开或避开骨锚定件128,直到促动器300到达第一端122或期望的位置。然后将促动器300从柱塞释放。可以用本领域中已知的各种方法将促动器300可脱开地连接到柱塞上。例如,经由可操作地释放促动器300的机械连接,或经由一种可以溶解以释放促动器300的电解质连接,可以把促动器300连接于柱塞。
图5举例说明了促动器400的另一实施方式,其可以与骨治疗杆120或其他此处描述的管状结构一起使用。促动器400包括可扩展的卷合管402和扩展器(expander)404。可扩展的管402具有螺旋形截面形状,可以响应置于其中心内腔410的物体,改变其截面尺寸。扩张器404具有第一细长件406,和以套管形式同轴地包围第一构件的第二细长件408。当管402处于其放松结构状态(即未绷紧状态)时,每个构件406、408的横截面尺寸都大于内腔410的横截面尺寸。
在使用期间,首先将管402插入到骨治疗杆120的内腔126中(图6A)。然后将扩展器404的第一构件406插入管402的内腔410中。因为第一构件406的横截面尺寸大于内腔410,第一构件406就从内腔410内部施加压力,推开(或“解开”)卷合管402,从而增加了管402的总横截面尺寸。扩展开的管402又接合锚定件128,并将锚定件128至少部分地展开至内腔126之外(图6B)。如果希望,也可以将第二构件408插入到管402和第一构件406之间,以进一步扩展管402,并进一步展开锚定构件128(图6C)。尽管示出了两个构件406、408,在替换方式中,扩展器404可以仅包括一个构件,或其他数目的相对于彼此同轴设置的构件。促动器400和扩展器404可以由前文关于骨治疗杆120所述的任何材料制成。
在替代实施方式中,没有使用卷合管402,本文所述的任何髓内装置可以包括其他可扩展结构,诸如可膨胀件、可扩展筛网、或其他机械装置,其可以插入到骨治疗杆120的内腔126中,并被扩展以展开锚定件128。
在前文所述实施方式中,骨治疗杆120、220在锚定件之间具有基本连续和平滑的表面。然而,本文所述的任何骨治疗杆实际上可以是多孔的。例如,图7显示了具有壁454、在锚定件452之间具有多个开口(或孔)456的骨治疗杆450。这种结构是理想的,因为它让周围的骨组织穿过在骨治疗杆450的壁454上的开口456而生长,从而改善了骨治疗杆450与周围骨组织的锚定。尽管开口456具有正方形形状,可替换地,开口456也可以具有其他形状,如圆形、椭圆形、三角形、矩形、狭槽形、或其他定制的形状,也可以部分地或沿着壁具有敞开段。
尽管前述装置已经描述为单个的细长骨治疗杆,并且仅仅沿着骨的髓管延伸,但是应该理解,也可以使用包含本文所披露的锚定构思的其他类型的装置。
例如,图8例举了髓内装置500,其具有骨治疗杆502、球状接头504和把球状接头504固定到骨治疗杆502的连接件506(形成一个髋关节替代部分)。在该例举的实施方式中,髓内装置500被设置插入到股骨510的髓腔508中。在其他实施方式中,将髓内装置500设置用来治疗其他关节或骨。当装置500被适当放置时,球状接头504应该位于原先股骨头所处的位置。包括多个锚定件520的杆502与先前讨论的骨治疗杆120相似。在装置500放置适当后,可以将前述任何促动器插入到杆502中,以展开锚定件520,从而相对于股骨510固定杆502。在该例举的实施方式中,球状接头504和连接件506与杆502作为一个部件制造。可替换地,球状接头504和连接件506可以与杆502分开制造。在这种情况下,球状接头504可以生产成不同的尺寸和形状,并且可以选择所需的球状接头来与杆502配合,以适于特定应用(模块化的)。在其他实施方式中,可以将连接件506制得短些。而且,在另外的实施方式中,不需要连接件506,在这种情形,球状接头504可以直接与杆502连接,或通过其它连接结构间接连接于杆502。
图9A例举了另一个髓内装置550,其具有第一骨治疗杆552,第二骨治疗杆556,以及连接杆552、556的连接件558。第一骨治疗杆552与先前讨论的骨治疗杆120相似。连接件558具有第一端560、第二端562、以及在第一端560、第二端562之间延伸的内腔564。第一骨治疗杆552固定于连接件558的第一端560,以使连接件558的内腔564与第一骨治疗杆552的内腔568对齐。可替换地,第一骨治疗杆552和连接件558可以作为一个部件制造。连接件558还在壁的一侧具有第一开口566,在壁的相反一侧具有第二开口567。开口566、567是对齐的,以使第二骨治疗杆556在相对于骨治疗杆552任何期望的角度可以穿过开口566、567延伸。第二骨治疗杆556包括多个板条(spline)570和用于把板条570从通常的轴向收起状态扩展成基本上横向的张开状态(图9B)的支撑臂580。具有板条和支撑臂的骨治疗装置已经描述于美国专利申请公布No.2003-0130660。在其他实施方式中,第二治疗杆556可以具有与第一治疗杆552中类似的锚定件。锚定件可以在第二治疗杆556的端部或沿其部分长度。在其他实施方式中,第二治疗杆556可以是螺杆、或一套螺杆、棒、或线、其它形状的骨治疗装置。
当使用装置550时,首先利用传统方法将第一骨治疗杆552和连接件558通过先前形成的入口582插入到股骨510的髓管508中。然后,可以将本文所述的任何促动器插入到第一骨治疗杆552的内腔568中,以便展开锚定件554,从而相对于股骨510固定第一骨治疗杆552。接着,穿过另一入口584,以及穿过连接件558的开口566、567将第二骨治疗杆556插入,以使板条570位于骨骺区域512内。然后,可将另一促动器插入到第二骨治疗杆556的内腔中,以接合支撑臂580。然后促动器向远端推进展开板条570,由此相对于股骨510固定第二骨治疗杆556。在一些实施方式中,装置550可以用于治疗股骨的颈骨、粗隆间和粗隆下区域的骨折。
图10例举了另一髓内治疗装置600,其具有第一骨治疗杆602和第二骨治疗杆604。骨治疗杆602、604包括多个各自的锚定件612、614,除了第一骨治疗杆602在一端610处另外包括第一开口606和第二开口608外,与前面讨论的骨治疗杆120相似,第一和第二开口606、608是对齐的,以使第二骨治疗杆604能穿过开口606、608延伸。
当使用装置600时,首先使用传统方法,将第一骨治疗杆602通过先前形成的入口620插入股骨630的髓腔632内。然后,可以将本文所述的任何促动器插入第一骨治疗杆602的内腔中,以展开锚定件612,从而相对于股骨630固定第一骨治疗杆602。接着,将第二骨治疗杆604通过另一入口622,以及通过第一骨治疗杆602的第一和第二开口606、608插入。然后,可以将另一个促动器插入第一骨治疗杆604的内腔中,以展开锚定件614。
在例举的实施方式中,骨治疗杆602、604的植入位置使它们相互之间约为90度。可替换地,骨治疗杆602、604可以相对彼此形成其他角度,这取决于具体的用途。在其他实施方式中,不使用骨治疗杆604,而可以使用骨治疗螺杆。如说明性实施方式中所示,装置600可以用于治疗股骨的末端骨折。然而,在其他实施方式中,装置600可以用于治疗其他骨,或用于其他用途。
应该注意到,上述治疗装置仅仅是本发明实施方式可以实施的实例,并且具有本文所述(或未在本文描述)锚定件的任何管状治疗杆可以是其他治疗装置的一部分。
图11例举了一种可以把结构710固定到骨上的骨治疗套件700。例如,结构710可以是髋或肩的关节替代部分的窝,或是支撑在膝盖替代假肢中的关节表面的基部。套件700包括骨治疗杆702,其具有第一端704、第二端706、以及限定从第一端704延伸至第二端706的内腔708的壁712。
骨治疗杆702还包括多个开口714和靠近开口714的相应多个锚定件716。除了相对较短外,骨治疗杆702与骨治疗杆120相似。骨治疗杆702还包括固定于第二端706的环形凸缘720。定制环形凸缘720的尺寸,以便在使用时合适地安装在结构710的凹处722之内或支承结构710的表面。当使用治疗装置700把结构710固定于骨时,首先,处理骨的前关节表面,以便为替代部分产生一个骨床。然后,将结构710对着该骨放置,在骨中钻洞以便生成治疗装置700的安装位置,然后将装置700插入结构710的开口724中。将骨治疗杆702的第一端704通过开口724向前推进而进入所钻的孔中。骨治疗杆702进一步向远端推进直至环形凸缘720紧靠结构710的表面。接着,将子弹状促动器730插入到骨治疗杆702的内腔708中,以展开锚定件716,从而相对于骨把治疗杆702固定。这样,骨治疗杆702起着钉的作用把结构710固定于骨上。
应该注意到,在替代实施方式中,不使用凸缘720,骨治疗杆702可以包括垫圈、在治疗杆702的外部表面上的螺纹(为了接收螺栓)、在治疗杆702的内表面上的螺纹(为了容纳螺杆)、穿过治疗杆702壁的孔(为了容纳销)、或其他的允许骨治疗杆702在正确位置固定结构710的机械装置。而且,在其他实施方式中,可以将骨治疗杆702的一部分制得更宽(例如,通过将治疗杆702的端部离开治疗杆702的轴呈放射状弯曲),从而使治疗杆702能用于将结构710保持在合适位置。
图12图示说明了可以用多个骨治疗杆702将板800固定于骨804的外表面802。板800包括多个一定大小的凹处810,以容纳骨治疗杆702环形凸缘720。在替代实施方式中,骨治疗杆702也可以用于把其他结构诸如杆、部分关节替代装置,或整个关节替代装置固定到骨上。在其他实施方式中,骨治疗杆702也可以用于把其他结构,诸如腱、韧带或人造韧带固定在骨上。在其他实施方式中,可以设置骨治疗杆702,以将其通过一层骨皮层(在这种情况下,骨治疗杆702可以在长度上制成相对较短),或两层骨皮层(在这种情况下,骨治疗杆702可以制成相对较长)插入,锚定件在第一皮层、第二皮层或两个皮层之后。

Claims (26)

1.一种骨治疗装置(100,200,450),包括:
被设置而至少部分延伸进入骨的细长的可生物相容的管壁(125,225,454);
在管壁(125,225)内延伸的内腔(126,226);
穿过管壁(125,225)的多个开口(140,240);
靠近各个所述开口(140,240)并与所述管壁(125,225)铰接的多个骨锚定件(128,228),其中所述锚定件(128,228,452)被设置用来当所述内腔(126,226)内存在驱动力时至少部分铰接在所述开口(140,240)外,
其中,所述多个开口(140,240)沿所述管壁(125,225)轴向分布;
其中骨治疗装置(100,200,450)进一步包括设置用来接收在所述内腔(126,226)内的促动器(130,230,300,400),以便将至少一个锚定件(128,228)展开在相应开口(140,240)之外,
所述促动器(400)包括设置在所述内腔中的螺旋管(402),以及被设置成滑动通过所述螺旋管用以在所述内腔中扩展所述螺旋管的构件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述管壁(125,225)具有基本连续的表面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述管壁(454)由筛网构成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述管壁(125,225,454)是刚性的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述锚定件(128,228,452)和管壁(125,225,454)是形成一体结构。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的装置,其中每个所述锚定件(128,228,452)具有向外延伸的尖头(145)。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的装置,其中每个所述锚定件(128,228,452)具有一个向外延伸的钝头。
8.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的装置,其中每个所述锚定件(128,228,452)至少部分是可以塑性变形的。
9.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的装置,其中所述锚定件(128,228,452)和各个所述开口(140,240)的形状是几何相似的。
10.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的装置,其中所述多个开口(140,240)中至少一些位于所述管壁(125,225)的一端(122,222)。
11.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的装置,其中所述开口(140)和锚定件(128)成组(150)地沿所述管壁(125)的纵轴(160)设置。
12.根据权利要求11所述的装置,其中每一个所述组(150)绕着所述轴(160)圆周状设置。
13.根据权利要求12所述的装置,其中所述组(150)之一中的锚定件(128)与相邻组(150)中的锚定件(128)圆周对齐。
14.根据权利要求12所述的装置,其中所述组(150)之一中的锚定件(128)不与相邻组(150)中的锚定件(128)圆周对齐。
15.根据权利要求1至5、12至14任一项所述的装置,其中所述开口(140)与锚定件(128)沿所述管壁(125)的长度随机设置。
16.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述促动器用于将所述至少一个锚定件(128,228)铰接展开到相应的一个开口(140,240)之外。
17.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述促动器包括被配置而在所述内腔管壁(126,226)中滑动的构件(130,230,300,400),以将所述至少一个锚定件(128,228)展开到至少一个所述开口(140,240)外。
18.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述促动器(400)包括设置在所述内腔(126,226)中的第一管(402)、以及设置在所述第一管(402)的内腔(410)中的第二管(404)。
19.一种用于制造骨治疗装置(100)的方法,包括:
提供一细长的可生物相容的管壁(125),该管壁包括在其内部延伸的内腔(126);
形成多个穿过所述管壁(125)的开口(140);
形成多个骨锚定件(128),其铰接至邻近各个所述开口(140)的所述管壁(125),其中所述锚定件(128)设置为当所述内腔(126)内存在驱动力时至少部分铰接在所述开口(140)外;
其中所述骨治疗装置(100)包括促动器,所述促动器包括设置在所述内腔中的螺旋管,以及被设置成滑动通过所述螺旋管用以在所述内腔中扩展所述螺旋管的构件。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述开口(140)是通过切穿所述壁(125)并使所述壁的一部分(129)能够弯折而制得。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述切穿是使用激光束或机械切割机而实现。
22.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中形成每个骨锚定件(128)的步骤包括:
沿着第一线(148),并且离开所述管壁(125)的纵轴(160)弯折所述部分(129)的第一端(144),以产生从轴(160)放射指向的钉或刺;以及
沿第二线(142)弯折所述部分(129),以使所述部分(129)置于所述内腔(126)中。
23.一种骨治疗套件,包括:
生物相容性杆,具有管壁、在所述管壁内延伸的内腔、穿过所述管壁的至少一个开口、以及至少一个骨锚定件,所述锚定件靠近所述至少一个开口与所述管壁铰接;
促动器,被设置为接收在所述内腔内,用于将所述至少一个锚定件展开到所述至少一个开口外;
其中所述促动器包括设置在所述内腔中的螺旋管,以及被设置成滑动通过所述螺旋管用以在所述内腔中扩展所述螺旋管的构件。
24.根据权利要求23所述的套件,其中所述至少一个锚定件与所述管壁铰接,且所述促动器被设置成将所述至少一个锚定件铰接展开到所述至少一个开口外。
25.根据权利要求23所述的套件,其中所述构件被配置成在所述内腔中滑动,以将所述至少一个锚定件展开到所述至少一个开口外。
26.根据权利要求23所述的套件,其中所述促动器包括设置在所述内腔中的第一管、以及设置在所述第一管的内腔中的第二管。
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US7828802B2 (en) 2010-11-09
AU2005206175A1 (en) 2005-08-04
WO2005070314A1 (en) 2005-08-04
US20050159749A1 (en) 2005-07-21
CA2552727A1 (en) 2005-08-04
JP2007517634A (ja) 2007-07-05
EP1708632A1 (en) 2006-10-11
CN1909848A (zh) 2007-02-07
US8029506B2 (en) 2011-10-04
US20100331841A1 (en) 2010-12-30

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