CN1941863B - 在电子节目导视中向用户显示目标广告的方法 - Google Patents

在电子节目导视中向用户显示目标广告的方法 Download PDF

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CN1941863B
CN1941863B CN2006100047516A CN200610004751A CN1941863B CN 1941863 B CN1941863 B CN 1941863B CN 2006100047516 A CN2006100047516 A CN 2006100047516A CN 200610004751 A CN200610004751 A CN 200610004751A CN 1941863 B CN1941863 B CN 1941863B
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advertisement
spectators
epg
channel
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CN1941863A (zh
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罗恩·亚历山大
史蒂文·迪亚斯
肯·汉考克
埃尔西·Y·里昂
道格拉斯·马克瑞
阿特·奈
肖恩·奥尼尔
克里斯托弗·P·斯考夫
乔恩·萨顿
托马斯·E·沃德
汤姆·韦斯特伯格
亨利·C·延
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Le Wei Guide Co
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Bobridge Development (usa) Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明是对先前电子节目导视“EPG”的改进，它在其他事物中提供：改进的观众与EPG的交互能力；改进的观众对将来编排节目的视频记录(46)的控制；改进的EPG显示和导视特征(10)；对EPG显示的父母控制；改进的观众对电视节目的访问(22)；改进的产品商业信息广告者接近观众概况的机会(14，16)；改进的观众所访问的产品信息(12)；建立观众概况(36，52)；利用观众信息以便剪裁EPG的不同方面(24)；及利用观众观看信息以便向观众提供剪裁的广告表示(24)。

Description

在电子节目导视中向用户显示目标广告的方法
本申请是2004年4月28日申请的、发明名称为“显示和记录控制接口的系统和方法”的第200410042009.5号发明专利申请的分案申请。 
技术领域
本发明一般涉及电视系统，更具体地涉及与电视节目、视频、广告信息和节目编排单信息的显示和记录控制接口。 
背景技术
在过去，电视观众分析由电视节目编排单所提供的信息以选择要看的节目。在过去，电视节目编排单按下一周中每天，一天中每时，频道和节目名称将可看电视节目列出来。在过去，只有硬纸节目单可供使用。最近，如美国专利4,908,713中Levine的专利所说明，可用电子形式提供电视节目单。最早的屏上电子节目单(“EPG”)版本用于在连至电视接收机的电子存储器中存储节目编排信息，并一般在电视屏上提供节目编排信息的屏上格式化和显示。早期EPG通常覆盖电视节目编排。此外，早期EPG的观众交互能力很有限。 
后来EPG提供“观众-EPG”交互改进，并在显示EPG的同时提供电视节目的“图中导视”(“PIG”)显示。此处引为参考供一切用途使用的的国际申请PCT/US95/11173(国际公开号WO96/07270)的公开内容阐述了这一改进。 
发明内容
本发明是对先前EPG的改进，表现在它提供： 
A.改进的与EPG的观众交互能力； 
B.改进的对将来节目编排的视频记录的观众控制； 
C.EPG显示和导视的改进的特征； 
D.父母对EPG显示的控制； 
E.改进的由观众访问的电视节目信息； 
F.对商业广告商提供改进的机会以接近观众； 
G.改进的由观众访问的产品信息； 
H.建立观众概况； 
I.使用观众概况信息以剪裁EPG的不同方面；及 
J.使用观众概况信息以向观众提供剪裁的广告表示。 
本发明首先提供了一种在电子节目导视(EPG)中向用户显示目标广告的方法，包括：响应于用户调谐到的电视节目，监视用户调谐到的电视节目并收集关于用户兴趣的信息；显示包括时间和频道的多个电视时间表信息条目；同时显示目标广告和所显示的多个电视时间表信息，其中响应于用户兴趣将广告定目标到用户；接收用户的输入以选择显示的目标广告；以及响应于接收到用户的输入以选择显示的目标广告，调用功能。 
本发明还提供了一种在电子节目导视(EPG)中向用户显示目标广告的方法，包括：响应于用户调谐到的电视频道，监视用户调谐到的电视频道并收集关于用户兴趣的信息；显示包括时间和频道的多个电视时间表信息条目；同时显示目标广告和所显示的多个电视时间表信息，其中响应于用户兴趣将广告定目标到用户；接收用户的输入以选择显示的目标广告；以及响应于接收到用户的输入以选择显示的目标广告，调用功能。 
本发明进一步提供了一种在电子节目导视(EPG)中向用户显示目标广告的方法，包括：响应于用户与EPG的交互，监视用户与EPG的交互，并收集关于用户兴趣的信息；显示包括时间和频道的多个电视时间表信息；以及同时显示目标广告和所显示的多个电视时间表信 息，其中响应于用户兴趣将广告定目标到用户；接收用户的输入以选择显示的目标广告；以及响应于接收到用户的输入以选择显示的目标广告，调用功能。 
本发明还提供了一种方法，用于在电子节目指南EPG中向用户呈现一个目标广告，该方法包括：监视用户调谐到的电视节目，并响应该用户所调谐到的电视节目收集关于用户兴趣的信息；显示包括时间和频道的多个电视时间表信息条目；以及与所显示的多个电视时间表信息同时显示目标广告，其中该广告的目标用户是针对其兴趣做出响应的用户。 
本发明还提供了一种方法，用于在电子节目指南EPG中向用户呈现一个目标广告，该方法包括：监视用户调谐到的电视频道，并响应该用户所调谐到的电视频道收集关于用户兴趣的信息；显示包括时间和频道的多个电视时间表信息条目；以及与所显示的多个电视时间表信息同时显示目标广告，其中该广告的目标用户是针对其兴趣做出响应的用户。 
本发明还提供了一种方法，用于在电子节目指南EPG中向用户呈现一个目标广告，该方法包括：监视用户与EPG的交互，并响应该用户与EPG的交互收集关于用户兴趣的信息；显示包括时间、频道和日期的多个电视时间表信息条目；以及与所显示的多个电视时间表信息同时显示目标广告，其中该广告的目标用户是针对其兴趣做出响应的用户。 
本发明还提供了与上述方法相对应的系统，用于在电子节目指南EPG中向用户呈现一个目标广告。 
附图说明
后面的说明，所附权利要求书和附图将使本发明的这些和其他特征，方面和优点更为明显，附图中： 
图1是EPG的示例性屏幕显示的图形表示。 
图2是显示用于启动不同EPG功能的键的远程控制设备的一部分的图。 
图3是阐释节目滚动模式中EPG屏上格条导视的屏幕EPG显示的图形表示例子。 
图4a和4b是阐释频道滚动中EPG屏上格条导视的屏幕EPG显示的图形显示例子。 
图5是解释观看节目编排功能中EPG的屏幕EPG显示上的图形表示例子。 
图6是解释EPG的观看/记录编排屏幕的屏幕EPG显示上的图形表示例子。 
图7是解释EPG的顶层主题屏幕显示的屏幕EPG显示的图形表示例子。 
图8是解释EPG的第二层主题屏幕显示的屏幕EPG显示的图形表示例子。 
图9是解释EPG的频道导视功能的屏幕EPG显示的图形表示例子。 
图10a和10b是解释表示有关增亮屏幕广告窗口的主题的附加信息的特征的实施例的屏幕EPG显示的图形表示例子。 
具体实施方式
此处全部引用公开于1996年3月7日的国际申请WO96/07270的公开内容作为参考。本发明是此处公开的电子节目导视(EPG)的改进。在参考的PCT申请中所公开的设备用于生成下面将描述的屏幕显示。 
在图1中显示了具有广告窗口和广告消息的EPG实施例。图1中表示一个电视屏幕显示10。显示10可由常规电视接收机以隔行扫描线生成，或由VCR，或由带有逐行扫描线的PC显示器，或由其他类型的 视频显示设备生成。在屏幕左上角是PIP窗口12。窗口12下面是屏幕广告窗口14和16(“Ad Windows”)。窗口12，14和16中的每一个通常占大约整个屏幕的九分之一。屏幕的其余面积(屏幕上自顶向底)通常由启动键条18，导视条20，格条导视22(“Grid Guide”)和信息盒24(“detailed information”区)所占用。 
图2中显示了用于启动显示10的功能的远程控制器26的实施例。远程控制器26可具有其他用于启动用户视频设备，例如电视接收机，VCR或有线盒的功能的键。远程控制26分别具有上，下，左和右箭头键28，30，32和34，用于在显示10上控制光标36的移动。按下箭头键28至34可用光标36选择(即增亮)窗口12，14，或16中的任何一个，按下箭头键32和34可选择格条导视22的名称和频道中任何一个，或按下箭头键32和34可选择导视条20。增亮窗口12，14和16时在窗口附近加上边框或当边框为永久时改变边框颜色。格条导视22中的名称和频道和导视条20通过改变颜色来增亮。 
可用很多其他方式增亮窗口和/或来自格条导视的观众选择和/或屏幕显示部件上的导视和EPG。例如，所选窗口，所选格条导视或导视部件的边框可以做成看上去闪烁。将观众选择内容增亮的另一种方法是使所选窗口或特征变为比屏幕显示上其他部分更亮。将观众选择内容增亮的又一种方法是使屏幕显示上除观众所选部件外其他部分都变得模糊。将观众选择内容增亮还有一种方法是使屏幕显示上除观众所选部件外其他部分都看上去透明。将观众选择内容增亮还有一种方法是对所选部件增加动画。当选择一部分EPG时，系统向屏上显示(OSD)控制器送出图像显示命令以实施一个或多个所需增强技术。 
观众按下“guide”键35以进入图1中描述的导视模式及再次按下键35或按下“select”键以回至全屏幕电视模式。窗口12内显示实时电视节目。PIP窗口12的半透明覆盖层可在电视节目上面显示名称，频道(本地号和/或站号)和状态(锁定或解锁)以便观众仍能看见整个图像。 
PIP窗口可以是锁定或解锁的。“锁定/解锁”功能由用户控制。为锁定或解锁PIP窗口，观众可使用远程控制设备上的PIP按钮，或可以增亮和按下锁定/解锁EPG启动按钮。将锁定/解锁状态记录和维持住，直至由观众重置状态。也即，当观众离开导视及随后再进入导视时包括观众关闭电视机时，EPG中的PIP窗口的锁定/解锁状态一直维持着。如观众选择“锁定”状态，则不论观众作何操作，将一直显示PIP窗口中调谐器设置的最后频道。在解锁状态下，如格条导视正显示当前传播的节目，则会显示格条导视22中由光标36增亮的频道，以及如格条导视正显示将来的节目，则会显示曾被增亮的最后一个当前传播的频道。 
决定于观众离开导视的方式，一般有三种结果。如观众在EPG中时希望用全屏幕模式观看PIP窗口中显示的节目，则观众可按下远程控制设备上的导视按钮。如观众在EPG中时增亮格条导视中一个特定频道，并随后按下“select”按钮，则观众将离开导视以便用全屏幕模式观看曾由观众在导视中增亮的电视节目。如观众在EPG中按下远程控制设备上的“clear”或“cancel”按钮，则观众将离开导视并回至该观众刚进入导视之前所观看的电视节目。 
通常，在窗口14中显示将来传播节目的广告。此广告连至RAM中节目的时间和频道，以便观众能自动地观看或记录节目，他可按蓝色左操作按钮以观看节目，或按下绿色右操作按钮以记录节目。 
通常，在窗口16中显示产品或服务的广告。此广告连至RAM中产品或服务的更多信息，以便观众能一次或多次按“info”键以便在窗口16中读取一页或多页有关产品或服务的信息。选代地，此广告连至RAM中的时间和频道以传播有关产品或服务的商业信息，以便观众能按“select”键42从而自动地观看或记录商业信息。 
条18显示一个蓝色按钮44及/或绿色按钮46，同时在屏幕上显示由信息上下文所确定的图符。远程控制器26具有相应的键48和50，分别用于启动由块44和46所代表的功能。 
观众按箭头键32以从窗口12，14或16移至格条导视22(按箭头键34以从格条导视22移至窗口12，14或16)。在格条导视22中观众移动光标36以增亮九个贴条中的一个，其中按箭头键28和30可显示频道和名称。观众可按下键32或34从而在格条上水平移动以便观看将来编排的节目单。 
观众可按箭头键28以从格条导视22移至导视条20。最初中央按钮是增亮的。按箭头键32或34可增亮其他不同按钮。为进入由增亮按钮代表的屏幕，可按“select”键42。 
在格条导视22中显示由增亮贴条所代表的节目细节。如还有更多信息可用，则此事实由一个图标所标示，可按“info”键40在格条导视所占区域内而不是格条导视中显示这些信息。再次按“info”键40可回至格条导视。在按一个启动操作按钮或启动导视条20上一个图标后，一个指令提示可能在信息盒24中替代节目信息。 
除代表电视节目的贴条之外，可在贴条52上的格条导视22中显示一个虚拟频道广告。虚拟频道广告可推动一个现今或将来的电视节目。这一个电视节目的虚拟频道广告连至RAM中的节目的时间和频道，以使观众能以参考资料中所描述的方式按“select”键而自动地观看或记录节目。可在RAM中存放不止一个虚拟频道广告，但最好一次只显示一个这类广告。 
可参考此处全部地引为附录A的TV Guide Plus+98 UserInterface Specification v1.42stv以了解本发明的更多说明。 
本发明硬件的一个实施例包括一个电路板，它包括一个用于提供所有供处理器(例如Motorola 68000)访问用的和供存储器(动态RAM和外部ROM)控制用的控制功能的门阵列，和例如红外(“IR”)输入和输出的外部设备，用于页面管理系统的频率合成器和自页面管理系统采集数据。其内部有一个用于建立屏上显示的模块，包括一个可编程DMA(直接存储器访问)控制器，一个用于提供称为颜色标志的字段的颜色查询表，该颜色标志可用于选择更复杂的颜色(比位图中所能表示的位数更多)，用于指定象素的先进先出 (“FIFO”)存储器(它允许系统尽可能快地写象素并按照预定时序将象素送至显示器)。包括在芯片中的是一个定时子系统，它产生一系列不同频率的不同定时信号-从时钟到长的毫秒时间测量，以及中断。此内部定时子系统还生成供电视显示器用的同步信号。该系统通常还包括以下功能的电路，这些功能包括但不受限于：数据接收器，存储器控制器，与处理器的定时接口，数据去交织，误差校正和带有水平和垂直计数器的同步定时发生器。 
EPG系统硬件的一个实施例的另一个特征是显示表硬件可在同一DMA硬件上实现视频输入和输出两者。该显示处理器包括ASIC中的一个视频部分和一个FIFO部分。该系统具有多个时钟。显示存储器有能力在水平面内存储8个屏幕贴条。 
下面更详细地描述对EPG的以下改进： 
A.改进的与EPG的观众交互能力，包括： 
1.不同操作模式。 
2.操纵杆和轨迹球的观众远程控制接口。 
3.上下文敏感的EPG屏上控制机制。 
4.观看编排。 
5.“全频道”导视格式。频道导视格式和“下个”/“前个”频道导视。 
B.改进的对将来节目单编制的节目记录的观众控制，包括： 
1.记录在PIP窗口内显示的节目。 
2.“经常”记录。 
3.用于“经常”记录的节目的记录功能重放筛选器。 
4.跳越记录指令。 
5.记录表自动更新。 
6.在可记录数字视频盘上记录。 
7.速度敏感的录像带容量。 
8.记录指令冲突解决方法。 
9.从主题导视中记录。 
C.改进的EPG显示和导视的特征，包括： 
1.电子邮件。 
2.多个可观看“窗口”。 
3.半透明屏上效果。 
4.屏上通知。 
5.主题导视条。 
6.通过EPG改进的滚动和平滑滚动。 
7.EPG中的“跳越”。 
8.节目编排的主题颜色编码。 
9.可控的节目编排天数。 
D.父母对EPG显示的控制； 
E.改进的由观众访问的电视节目信息，包括： 
1.虚拟频道广告条和窗口节目广告。 
2.对观众访问的附加详细信息，包括对因特网的连接。 
F.对商业广告商提供更好机会以接近观众，包括： 
1.广告窗口与产品有关的视频要点和商业信息记录。 
2.广告窗口与节目有关的记录。 
3.屏幕广告。 
4.虚拟频道广告条。 
5.占位广告。 
6.全屏广告。 
7.自动观看频道。 
8.广告特征。 
G.改进的由观众访问的产品信息，包括： 
1.广告窗口产品细节。 
2.广告窗口与产品有关记录。 
3.广告窗口与节目有关记录。 
H.建立观众概况，包括： 
1.收集观众概况信息。 
2.分析观众概况信息并加以分类。 
I.使用观众概况信息以剪裁EPG的不同方面；及 
J.使用观众概况信息以向观众提供剪裁的广告表示。 
A.改进的与EPG的观众交互能力
1.不同操作模式。
在改进的EPG系统下，存在观众可操作电视的多个模式。 
a.电视模式。 
在电视模式中，观众观看电视视频节目的全屏幕显示。在一个实施例中，为进入EPG，观众可在观众的远程控制设备上按“Guide”键。在另一个实施例中，EPG格条导视是缺省模式。在EPG格条导视是缺省模式的情况下，当观众打开电视时，观众首先看到的是下面将详细描述的格条导视模式中的EPG。在一个实施例中，可由观众选择，如EPG设置过程所规定的，观众可不要EPG格条导视缺省模式而选择在观众第一次打开电视时自动地进入电视模式。在设置过程中，观众可进一步指令EPG自动地调谐到上一次观众关闭电视时最后观看的频道。如下面将描述的，观众还可以指令EPG自动地调谐到从观众概况信息的分析中得出的观众的喜爱频道。选代地，观众可指令EPG自动地调谐到特定频道，如CNN新闻频道。 
b.EPG格条导视模式。 
在EPG格条导视模式中，EPG显示一个格条导视，或者选代地，显示一个频道导视。观众可要求格条导视占用整个屏幕，或作为视频电视节目的覆盖在一部分屏幕上显示，或在优选实施例中只占用一部分屏幕，通常是整个屏幕的三分之二，并同时继续显示屏幕的PIP窗口中的视频电视节目。在优选实施例中，如下面还将描述的，向观众 显示多个窗口，包括至少：EPG/格条导视窗口，PIP窗口，和广告窗口。 
下面描述通过导视的滚动。观众可按下观众的远程控制设备上的“Menu”键以便移至导视顶部。 
观众可用不同方式回至视频电视节目的全屏幕显示。一种方式是按下观众的远程控制设备上的“Guide”键。另一种方式是当屏上增亮/光标将一个格条导视上特定节目单上可供实时观看的节目增亮时，按下观众的远程控制设备上的“Select”键。另一种方式是按下观众的远程控制设备上的“last channel”键以回至观众在进入导视前观看的节目，或回至PIP窗口最后锁定的节目(下面将描述的选项)。 
1.)方案导视功能 
EPG提供不同主题导视，如运动，电影，新闻等。每个主题导视提供与特定主题有关的节目单，例如全部运动节目。主题导视显示格式只显示一天中一定时间内的节目单和频道，及适合于所选主题的内容。例如，运动主题导视通常按照编排顺序只显示在一定时间内例如48小时，8天等的具有运动节目的频道表。 
2.)记录选择功能 
在记录选择功能或称为记录功能中，观众指令EPG将哪些节目加入记录表，哪些是观众需要记录的节目的节目单和有关节目编排信息。如下面将描述的，观众可识别观众想要记录在记录表中的每个节目的频度/规律性。 
观众可用不同方式进入记录功能。如在观众远程控制设备上有“Record”键，则观众可按此键。选代地，观众可“按”EPG显示上的“Record”操作键。 
3.)观看编排功能 
在观看编排功能或称为观看功能中，观众指令EPG将哪些节目加到观看表中，哪些是观众需要观看的节目的节目单和有关节目编排信息。如下面将描述的，观众可识别观众想要观看记录表中的每个节目的频度/规律性。 
观众可用不同方式进入观看功能。如在观众远程控制设备上有“Watch”键，则观众可按此键。选代地，观众可“按”EPG显示上的“Watch”操作键。 
4.)数据下载功能 
在某些实施例中，可将EPG编排数据和/或与节目单有关的补充信息和/或广告数据下载至驻留在观众电视系统中的存储器内。在下载数据系统的优选实施例中，观众要求EPG提供某些类型的可用信息；EPG使用一个到何处寻找信息的标志并自动地连至合适的数据源及下载信息。可从不同来源下载EPG编排数据，和/或与节目单有关的补充信息和/或广告数据。在一个实施例中，从因特网下载数据。在下载数据系统的另一个实施例中，如观众有兴趣访问和下载特定类型信息，则他必须在特定时间调谐至特定频道。 
c.因特网模式。 
并非所有实施例要求下载数据至EPG存储器。在一个实施例中，观众的电视系统通过观众的电视系统与因特网之间的直接连接访问EPG编排数据，补充数据和/或广告数据以及用于格式化、显示和导视EPG编排数据，补充数据和/或广告数据的软件。 
在上述与因特网的直接连接的一个实施例中，观众的电视通过电话由调制解调器，有线调制解调器或包括无线调制解调通信设备的其他双向通信设备，或其他与因特网通信的常规方法连至因特网。例如，可通过在垂直消隐期间(“VBI”)传输至观众电视的信息来提供最初连接网址。观众也可选择多个EPG因特网址。观众使用远程控制设备以选择EPG因特网址中的一个。 
观众的电视系统可编程以仿真计算机对因特网的在线访问。一旦完成观众的电视系统与因特网之间的连接，用户即具有与EPG有关信息的在线因特网服务供应商之间的双向通信。用户可通过EPG进行导视。此外，在一个可用键盘用户接口的实施例中，用户可进入谈天室或其他交互服务。 
2.操纵杆和轨迹球的观众远程接口。
观众的用户视频接口(UI)包括观众的远程控制设备和电视显示器屏幕显示。在本发明的一个实施例中，本发明对UI的一个改进是将操纵杆用作传统远程控制设备的替代，它配置为四个箭头键(上、下、左和右)的园，中央处有一个选择键。操纵杆UI提供一个与EPG的用户友好界面。只要观众的手指触及远程控制操纵杆，观众/用户不必看远程设备。因此，观众可在控制UI的同时不间断地观看屏上显示。 
在本发明的另一个实施例中，本发明对UI的一个改进是将轨迹球用作传统远程控制设备的替代，它配置为四个箭头键(上、下。左和右)的园，中央处有一个选择键。 
在轨迹球和操纵杆这两个实施例中，有一个屏上“光标”。观众使用轨迹球或操纵杆远程控制设备将光标引导至屏上任何位置，犹如在PC终端窗口中引导光标。 
3.上下文敏感的EPG屏上控制机制。
在屏幕上显示用于控制EPG的“键”、“按钮”、菜单“条”和其他这类可视控制设备。通常可视控制设备对用户交互是敏感的。通常，观众使用UI远程控制设备以便增亮一个特定屏上控制设备。然后观众使用UI远程控制设备选择屏幕控制设备上的增亮部分。 
本发明的一个实施例中，位置不变的屏上控制设备是上下文敏感的。也即，一个特定按钮可以持续地在同一位置上以同一颜色在EPG的每个屏幕上显示，从一个屏幕至下一个，从一个模式至下一个。对于上下文敏感控制设备，即使屏上控制设备具有同一外观和自一个屏幕至下一个和自一个模式至下一个的位移，按钮仍然具有不同功能，及如被选，它将提供决定于按钮出现于其上的屏幕的不同结果。在一个实施例中，屏上控制设备的功能在控制设备邻近以文字描述，或如控制设备足够大，则描述于控制设备的面上。 
例如，在一个实施例中，如图3、4A和B、5和6中所示，EPG在四个屏幕图形中每一个的顶部显示两个按钮。在四个不同屏幕中的每 个上面，顶部左按钮具有不同功能。(在此应用中，方向“左”和“右”分别指观众的左方和观众的右方。)图3阐述节目滚动模式中的EPG屏上格条导视。图3中观众的左按钮描述为“Watch”。图4A和4B阐述频道滚动中的EPG屏上格条导视。图4a和4b中观众的左按钮是一个扳动按钮，选代地描述为“Lock”和“Unlock”。图5阐述观看编排功能中的EPG。图5中观众的左按钮描述为“Cancel”。图6阐述EPG的观看/记录编排屏幕。图6中观众的左按钮描述为“Remove”。 
4.观看编排。
EPG向观众提供机会以选择计划在将来编排提供观看的节目名称。通过选择节目名称，观众建立一个“观看表”。观看表选项和指令提供与EPG的记录功能平行的功能。不是自动地记录所选节目，而是当电视机尚未打开时，观看功能自动地将电视机打开，及如电视尚未调谐到编排的频道，则自动地将电视调谐到编排的频道以传送指定的节目。此特征可在即使观众遗忘了编排的传送时也能向观众提供机会在编排期间观看感兴趣的节目。此特征也能让父母代孩子们选择节目。 
观众可用不同方式进入观看编排功能。观众可自EPG菜单中选择观看编排功能以进入该功能。观众也可通过增亮一个显示将来编排的节目的广告的广告窗口或显示将来编排的节目的广告的虚拟频道广告条来进入观看编排功能(这两者在此应用中其他地方描述)。 
观众可在观看表上指定任何节目为观众需要经常观看的节目。在一个实施例中，如观众通过增亮广告窗口或虚拟频道广告条来进入观看编排功能，则如观众指定该节目为“经常”观看，如广告商停止播送广告，则该指定在一段时间后即消失。计划中的消失对广告商是一个刺激，促使他们更新他们的广告。 
5.“全频道”导视格式。频道导视格式和“下个”/“前个”频道导视。
观众可选择用全频道格式观看格条导视，它以某种顺序显示每一个频道和早就在播放的或计划在将来某个时候开始的节目单。在“全 频道”格式中，观众将每个频道的表上下滚动和自左至右和自右至左观看一天中编排在不同时间的频道表。通常导视的最左部分是最早编排的节目，然后依次向右是一天中稍后时间编排的表。 
作为替代，观众可选择一个时候观看一个频道中编排的节目(“Channel Guide”)。在此格式中，观众将编排在一天中不同时间内的单个频道表滚上滚下。通常频道导视的“顶部”从最早编排的节目开始，并依次向下是一天中稍后时间编排的表。图9是解释EPG的频道导视功能的屏幕EPG显示的例子的图形表示。 
在“Channel Guide”格式中，观众可选择Channel Guide以观看“下个”频道或“前个”频道。在一个实施例中，“下个”和“前个”频道导视是EPG菜单、操作按钮或任务条中的一个之中的选项。在另一个实施例中，观众的远程控制设备提供“下个”和“前个”频道导视键。在另一个实施例中，观众使用上和下箭头键以指向下一个或前一个频道导视。 
B.改进的对将来节目单编制的视频记录的观众控制
1.记录PIP窗口内显示的节目。
如下面将详细阐述的，EPG提供多个“窗口”。一个窗口显示当今调谐的节目。当观众自电视模式进入EPG时，PIP窗口即“增亮”。在一个实施例中，PIP窗口的增亮是通过改变PIP窗口周围边框的颜色而完成的。当PIP窗口增亮时，观众可指令EPG记录显示的节目。在一个实施例中，观众按下观众的远程控制设备上的记录按钮以便记录增亮的PIP窗口中显示的节目。 
2.“经常”记录。
本发明的一个实施例向观众提供“经常”记录特定节目的选项。观众可增亮EPG格条导视上的特定节目名称来选择“经常”选项。当观众选择“经常”选项时，他指令VCR控制系统在一周的任何日子的选定的时间片内正播送节目的所选频道上记录特定名称。如所选名称的播送被其他节目所预占，则不记录新节目。将所选节目的名称与实际上正 播送的节目名称相比较，可确定播送编排中的变化。在本发明的一个实施例中，假定实际上正播送的节目名称由电视信号的垂直消隐间隔所携带。当观众指令EPG“经常地”记录一个特定节目时，如所选节目已由另一个节目所预占，则不记录该预占节目，同时EPG显示一条消息，通知观众所选节目被预占而未记录。 
3.用于“经常”记录的节目的记录功能重放筛选器。
EPG能检测重放。可在节目播放的VBI中携带作为重放的节目标识。在另一个实施例中，节目细节中有重放标识信息可供使用。在记录功能的一个实施例中，当观众选择“经常”记录选项时，观众也得到筛选器重放选项。如观众选择重放筛选器选项，则每次正常编排节目时，EPG判定将要播送的节目段是否为重放。如该段为重放，及如观众为该节目名称选择了重放筛选器选项，则EPG将不记录该段。 
4.跳越记录指令。
在EPG的记录功能中，观众选择一个节目名称供记录用。一旦选定一个节目名称，即要求观众选择一个记录编排选项。观众可选择一次、每日、每周或经常作为记录编排选项。如观众已选择一个每日、每周或经常的记录编排选项，则一个实施例允许观众跳越一次节目记录。该一次跳越指令使EPG即使在该节目的记录指令仍然留在记录表中时也不记录该节目名称。 
在EPG的记录功能中，观众可转而对记录表上所有节目或记录表上所选节目选择跳越指令。当观众出去度假时可使用此特征。该节目仍留在记录表上。由观众选择，观众可对记录表上所有节目或记录表上所选节目取消跳越指令。 
5.记录表自动更新。
在EPG的记录功能中，EPG检测与指定要记录的特定节目名称的记录指令相比较而检测节目编排中的变化。在一个实施例中，当EPG检测到节目编排变化时，即自动地用编排变化信息更新记录表。例如，如运动节目占用的时间比原来编排的时间更长，则将在VBI中传 送编排更新信息包，以便更新计划在运动节目后将播放的节目的时间。EPG检测到VBI编排更新并更新记录表以允许运动节目之后的任何节目可被恰当地记录。 
6.在可记录数字视频盘上记录。
观众可指令EPG在可记录的数字视频盘(DVD)上记录节目。由于DVD的扩充存储容量，观众可指令EPG记录并标志一个扩充节目周期。例如，观众可指令EPG记录例如四小时CNN新闻广播并用一定号码将它标志。当观众准备观看DVD记录时，EPG在屏幕上显示DVD标志。观众可选择去看整个DVD还是只看观众感兴趣的那部分记录。 
在一个实施例中，为记录的节目建立了节目层标志。在另一个实施例中，利用在传播的视频中的VBI中所传播的信息来建立节目内标志。在此实施例中，CNN的记录有可能显示包含主题的标志分类，例如“国际新闻”、“国内新闻”、“运动”、“娱乐”、“商务和财政”以及“天气”。 
在又一个实施例中，使用某些固定时间间隔来建立节目内标志。该标志显示起始和结束时间间隔，以及音频内容摘要。 
在另外一个实施例中，标志软件分析所记录节目的音频内容(“内容分析程序”)。这是通常在使用节目VBI中传送的所有标志分类信息之外附加的。内容分析程序使用语言和声音识别技术以在其他事物中分析以下变量，例如：主持人的变化，音调的变化，速度的变化，论题词，地理位置，实质词。内容分析程序然后在上述主题标志之外还建立一个论题标志。 
7.速度敏感的录像带容量。
EPG的记录功能提供一个记录表，用于识别观众已选择用于记录的节目名称。速度敏感录象带容量特征使用颜色编码以用一种颜色来识别适用于快带速的录象带的名称而分别地用另一种颜色来识别适用于慢带速的录象带的名称。 
8.记录指令冲突解决方法。
EPG的记录功能识别观众记录指令中的冲突。在一个实施例中，EPG的记录功能提示观众解决冲突。例如，在记录功能中，EPG要接收观众的指令以记录一个特定节目。EPG将新近收到的记录指令与记录表中尚未完全执行的或尚未执行的记录指令比较。如EPG在一方面的新近收到的指令与记录表中一个或多个剩余记录指令之间检测到日期、时间和持续时间上的重合，则EPG形成一条消息给观众以描述此冲突。该消息向用户描述新近收到的用于记录一个特定节目的指令和记录表中冲突的记录指令。在记录功能中，EPG将阻止冲突的指令输入记录表中。EPG要求观众修正记录命令以消除冲突。在一个实施例中，如EPG检测到属于“一次性”节目的记录指令与用于记录一个“经常记录”节目的记录指令在日期、时间和持续时间上存在冲突，则EPG将形成一条屏上消息，建议观众选择以将“一次性”节目记录。在另一个实施例中，EPG自动地“决定”改写“经常记录”指令，并且不需观众进一步干预而记录“一次性”节目。 
解决记录指令冲突的一个方法是选择冲突的节目的选代性播放以供记录。在EPG的一个实施例中，观众可增亮EPG中一个特定节目并请求一周内该节目的全部播放表。观众然后可以指令EPG记录该节目的另一次播放。在选代实施例中，观众可观看一周内所有节目的按字母排列的表。观众可从该字母表中标记一个节目供观看或记录用。 
9.自主题导视中记录。
EPG提供不同主题导视，例如运动、电影、新闻等。当观众选择一个特定主题导视例如运动主题导视时，观众可仍在主题导视中指令EPG记录一个事件而不必退出主题导视和进入节目格条导视。例如，在运动主题导视中，观众可点击运动主题导视中一个特定运动事件和/或点击运动节目单，从而指令EPG将一件运动事件增加到记录表中。 
C.改进的EPG显示和导视特征
1.电子邮件。
在优选实施例中，EPG与因特网/万维网接口。在优选实施例中，观众可访问因特网以发送和接收电子邮件。 
在另一个实施例中，电视终端是可单独寻址的，及首端计算机控制着网上观众之间的电子邮件通信。为便于双向传输，使用一个900或本地电话号作为反向连接。电子邮件即可通过VBI送至观众的单独的可寻址电视，从而送至合适的观众。 
2.多个可观看“窗口”。
EPG UI屏幕提供多个可观看“窗口”。一个窗口表示EPG格条导视。另一个窗口表示“图中图”(PIP)窗口，用于显示当今调谐的节目。还有一个窗口显示广告信息(“Ad Window”)。广告可具有图像和文字信息的形式。选代地，广告可具有视频显示的形式。在一个实施例中，广告窗口是交互的。 
当观众自电视模式进入EPG时，PIP窗口被增亮。观众可锁定PIP窗口。锁定PIP窗口后允许观众在继续观看在PIP窗口中显示的电视节目的同时在EPG节目格条导视中滚动。将PIP窗口解锁后即在PIP窗口中显示格条导视中增亮节目名称的视频。 
如下面将描述的，观众也可增亮广告窗口。这样做将在EPG格条导视的细节盒中显示描述产品的附加文字。 
如广告窗口显示有关特定产品的信息，则按下记录按钮将指令EPG记录一个商业信息，包括为将来编排的信息。选代地，广告窗口可显示有关将来编排的电视节目或有关在一段时间内播送的一系列节目的信息。在此情况下，按下记录按钮将指令EPG记录将来编排的节目。选代地，观众可为观看表指定节目。 
在一个实施例中，观众按下左箭头键以从格条导视移至PIP窗口，直至光标/增亮到达PIP窗口。观众可使用右箭头键从PIP窗口移回至格条导视。在一个实施例中，自PIP窗口移至格条导视会使光标滚动至格条导视节目安排的最上部。按着上箭头键可将光标自格条导视节目安排的上部移至导视条。EPG在导视条上提供数个可能的目的地，例如信息中心、运动、新闻、设置、帮助等。 
按着下箭头键可将光标自PIP窗口移至广告窗口。 
观众可设置一个省缺操作或允许系统省缺以便当观众最初进入格条导视时增亮一个特定导视条。 
3.半透明屏上效果。
在一个实施例中，EPG创造特殊半透明效果。为创造半透明效果，系统按每个象素交替变换显示格式：一个象素是覆盖颜色和下一个象素是透明的。 
4.屏上通知。
EPG将给观众的屏上通知格式化并向观众显示通知。屏上通知可用于向观众提示任何可能数量的信息。例如，EPG可通知观众EPG将在一定时间内例如2分钟内开始记录一个特定节目。记录通知可以进一步询问观众是否要求切换有线电视盒以记录节目。如观众表示观众不希望EPG切换至有线电视盒以记录节目，则EPG将自记录表中删除该节目。在另一个例子中，将通知观众在一定时间内例如2分钟内将在另一个频道内播放可能感兴趣的节目(例如根据对观众概况的分析而确定的)。EPG然后可以询问观众是否希望观看另一个频道上的节目。如观众表示愿意观看另一个频道上的节目，则EPG将在合适的时候自动地调谐至另一个频道。选代地，EPG可询问观众是否希望记录另一个频道上的节目，如观众给予肯定答复，则EPG将在合适时候记录该节目。 
如电视处于电视模式中，则将在屏幕显示上通知。有数种方法显示通知，包括：1.)全屏幕覆盖；2.)部分屏幕覆盖；3.)实时节目视频自动地改变为PIP格式，并在PIP窗口之外显示通知；4.)实时节目视频自动地改变为PIP格式，并在PIP窗口之内显示通知；5.)在屏上某处显示为“水印”；6.)显示为屏上图标，观众可使用观众的远程控制设备上的导视键“按下”该图标，如它被按，则用上述格式中的一个显示通知；7.)在屏幕顶部按一定比例例如90％将节目视频稍微压缩，并在屏幕底部将通知作为水平滚动的消息而显示；8.)在屏幕底部按一定比 例例如90％将节目视频稍微压缩，并在屏幕顶部将通知作为水平滚动的消息而显示。 
如电视处于电视模式之外的某些模式中，EPG可通过上述格式中的一个的一些改变来通知观众。例如，如电视处于PIP格式中的格条导视模式中，则EPG可使用格式号1.)2.)5.)6.)7.)8.)中的任何一个，或者EPG可以在广告窗口中，在虚拟广告频道片中，在细节信息窗口中，或在屏幕顶部或底部的水平滚动消息中显示通知以通知观众。 
5.主题导视条。
主题显示在格条导视顶部之上。在一个实施例中，格条导视显示提供一个“页向上”屏上按钮。在一个实施例中，格条导视显示还提供一个“菜单”按钮。观众可连续地“按下”“页向上”屏上按钮或“按下”菜单按钮而滚动至格条导视顶部。 
6.通过EPG的改进的滚动和平滑滚动。
在格条导视模式中EPG的顶层屏幕中，观众可直接跳越至节目编排信息的将来日期。 
在一个实施例中，格条导视显示提供一个“页向上”屏上按钮。 
在格条导视模式中EPG的屏幕上显示多个频道的节目编排信息。在格条导视中显示的名称被缩短以节省空间。当观众增亮相应的节目单的格条导视中的贴条时，在格条导视的详细描述区域内显示系统可用的整个名称。但EPG按照用于缩短名称的一组规则将名称缩短以使名称适合于放入格条导视的编排贴条。 
观众可通过节目单滚上滚下。在滚动时，在滚动停止前并不拖动名称。拖动名称时的延迟可使处理加速和使屏幕外观不混乱。在滚动时，除非频道位于节目安排的顶部或底部，光标将不增亮屏幕上顶部或底部贴条。没有增亮时即向观众提示在滚动方向上有更多频道。 
对EPG用户接口(“UI”)的进一步改进是开发“平滑滚动”。当光标到达底部第二个贴条并且一个新贴条出现在底部时，整个贴条及其内容，例如节目名称逐步增高直至新出现的贴条到达全部贴条高度。与此同时，在顶部逐步消失的贴条及此贴条的内容在高度上收缩，直 至贴条消失。这提供整个屏幕显示的实际上觉察不到的平滑过渡，因它在1/60秒内变换。 
平滑滚动比逐页屏幕变换更少使观众迷惘，这是现今屏幕导视中使用的滚动技术。当向上滚动一条贴条时，只有顶条在垂直方向收缩或压缩，因此整个位图不需重拖。 
在一个实施例中，当缓慢滚动时，在滚动停止前在屏幕上新出现的贴条不拖动。当快速拖动多个贴条时，滚动时处理器停止重拖任何贴条上的名称；处理器等待直至滚动停止或慢下来以重拖贴条。这允许更快滚动，因在屏幕到达所需地点之前不需检索名称。重拖数据是非常处理器敏感的。在固件与硬件之间需要一个特殊交互以尽量减少重拖位图和自存储器检索数据的操作。这应用于垂直和水平滚动两者。因为仍然显示频道标识符和编排时间，所以用户仍然适应。 
7.EPG中的“跳越”。
观众可用不同方式“跳越”至EPG中所需操作或位置。在格条导视中，观众可在观众的远程控制设备的键盘上输入频道标识号的数字而跳越至特定频道的频道片。EPG解释该号码并计算EPG光标的适当位置。然后EPG在屏上适当频道片处显示该光标。 
在一个实施例中，在格条导视的EPG显示上某处作为喜爱频道选择条上的按钮显示观众的喜爱的和/或最常观看的频道。观众可“按下”合适的频道按钮以跳越至观众的喜爱频道中的一个。 
在另一个实施例中，观众的远程控制设备显示与键盘上的数字相对应的数字。观众可使用一个特殊“Alt”键以允许观众按下键犹如按下字母键和/或字母数字键。以此方式，观众可输入一个频道标识符，例如“CNN”。 
在又一个实施例中，观众可请求一个喜爱频道标识符的下拉菜单和可自该下拉菜单中选择一个频道。 
在又一个实施例中，观众可使用观众的远程控制设备上的“bookmark”键或选代地使用EPG显示上的“bookmark”按钮在EPG中设置“书签”。当观众希望标记一个当今位置以便以后回来时，观众可 按下“bookmark”键。然后观众可滚动、跳越、或不然导视至EPG中某些其他位置。当观众希望回至书签标记的位置时，观众可按下“lastmark”键(或在观众的远程控制设备上，或选代地在EPG显示上)。EPG可记录多个书签标记的位置。在一个实施例中，EPG可多次在观众关闭电视后又打开电视时记忆书签标记的位置。 
8.节目单的主题颜色编码。
EPG按照多个主题将节目分类。在一个实施例中，EPG按照赋予节目的主题分类将格条导视中的节目表示用颜色编码。 
9.可控的节目编排天数。
通常，EPG只携带两天节目单。由观众挑选，EPG可只携带一天节目单。一天的选项提供较小节目单范围，但加速了响应时间。选代地，观众可选择携带任何天数节目单，多至该特定设备所能提供的天数，这是由可用存储器的相应数量所设置的。 
D.父母对EPG显示的控制
父母观众在最初EPG设置过程中初始地进入父母控制模式。在EPG设置过程中，父母标识电视的所有观众，并将标识符赋予个别观众。父母观众也能为所述父母观众建立一个密码。美国临时专利申请系列号60/085,401(“V-CHIP Plus+：用于电视和其他可观看节目编排的可编程闭塞例如电视接收机的父母控制的导视中用户接口设备和方法”)中描述了用于标识个别观众和将密码保护初始化的父母控制设置过程，其公开内容此处全部引用作为参考。 
在父母控制功能中，父母选择格条导视中可让特定观众观看的频道和节目及选择对观看闭塞的频道和/或节目。如设置过程中所标识的，儿童观众只观看简化的格条导视而被阻止观看由父母标记的节目。在一个实施例中，个别观众由观众ID和密码所标识。在另一个实施例中，个别观众具有不同远程控制设备，其使用由密码所保护。 
E.改进的由观众访问的电视节目信息
1.虚拟频道广告片和窗口节目广告。
如下所述，EPG向观众提供多个机会以获取有关电视节目的详细信息。如下面进一步描述的，EPG向观众提供机会选择虚拟频道广告片或广告窗口显示，它们以文字或视频要点的方式为将来编排的电视节目做广告和取得附加信息。 
2.对观众访问的附加详细信息，包括对因特网的连接。
EPG显示与格条导视的详细信息区中的节目单有关的详细信息。详细信息可在其他事物中包括节目的详细文字描述、有关男女演员的信息、有关节目产生的信息、有关产品的信息、对有关因特网址的标识和在线因特网谈天室。EPG向观众提供能力用多种方式自这类导视/数据服务中请求详细信息，包括观众可增亮格条导视、广告窗口或虚拟频道广告片中的特定节目。在一个实施例中，观众的远程控制设备具有一个有用的“Information”键。当观众将屏上增亮/光标引导至屏幕显示的EPG上的特定贴条或窗口时，观众可按下远程控制设备的“Information”键以请求附加信息。 
在一个实施例中，当观众增亮格条导视、广告窗口或虚拟频道广告片中的特定节目或者请求访问其他与节目有关信息时，EPG将观众与信息的外部数据库例如与因特网上的特定网站连接起来。观众可指令EPG将用户与详细的特定信息导视/数据服务例如运动、新闻或其他导视/数据服务连接起来。在一个实施例中，可将一个网址连同广告窗口或虚拟频道广告片广告存入用户终端的RAM中，从而完成与外部数据源的连接。 
格条导视中列出的运动节目提供一个观众如何与一个详细的特定信息导视/数据服务进行交互的阐述例子。当观众增亮格条导视中列出的一个足球比赛时，在格条导视的详细信息中显示有关该节目的正常细节。此外，可在格条导视中显示有关增亮的节目的多个图标。一个图标提醒用户该比赛已在进行中。另一个图标表示该特定导视信息的可用性。观众可自格条导视中选择节目以供观看和/或记录用。此外，观众可选择特定导视图标。在运动节目中如该比赛已在进行中，则选择特定导视图标将在格条导视的详细信息区中显示例如比赛分数 牌。如该比赛编排在将来进行，则选择该特定导视图标将显示例如有关运动员、球队和可能有关比赛的花边新闻的信息。 
另一个图标，例如显示于运动导视计分牌显示中的图标，向观众提供连至因特网的选项，例如连至能提供有关比赛的附加信息的特定网站，还可能包括有关比赛的在线谈天。在一个实施例中，EPG切换至全屏幕以显示因特网站。在另一个实施例中，EPG在先前由格条导视和/或格条导视与广告窗口占用的区域内显示因特网站，与此同时继续在PIP窗口内显示当今调谐的电视节目的实时视频显示。选代地，EPG可在PIP窗口内显示因特网站，及在先前由格条导视和/或格条导视和广告窗口所占用的屏幕区域中显示当今调谐的电视节目。EPG最初连接的因特网站(“联系网站”)可以是一个特定目录，它使用连至其他感兴趣城市的观众的预定超连接。联系网站可以附加地或选代地向观众提供寻找感兴趣的信息的搜索能力。 
一旦观众连至特定的信息导视/数据服务，观众即可使用该导视/数据服务以便指引观众至EPG格条导视中所包含的特定信息。例如，观众选择一个新闻节目来观看。在观看新闻节目时，新闻广播员描述一件涉及宇航员的事件。观众选择新闻导视/数据服务图标并连至因特网上的网站，该网站除其他事物外还描述有关宇航员的特定事件的附加信息。观众使用联系网站所提供的搜索引擎来寻找有关同一宇航员的附加信息。在随后的网站上，提及有关同一宇航员的一些情况的Discovery Channel节目。观众指令EPG寻找所参考节目的任何踪迹以及编排该节目以供记录。在一个实施例中，使用一个类似PLUSCODE的地址来连至或记录所编排的节目。 
观众可搜索一个在因特网上可用的及由新闻数据服务建立的有关记录的电视新闻节目和报导的索引。观众可搜索该索引。如观众选择索引报告中的一个，则在由因特网站显示或屏上显示的任何替代区域或部分所占用的屏幕区域内显示索引报导的一个视频要点。观众可指令EPG记录该视频要点。 
EPG能将由特定数据服务所提供的附加信息组合入EPG显示。例如，在运动数据服务的情况下，EPG可根据比赛阶段用特定颜色编码将比赛的节目单显示和/或运动分数格式化。例如，如该比赛正在进行中，则EPG用一种颜色例如绿色将该比赛的节目单和/或运动分数格式化。如比赛已完，则节目单和/或最后分数可用不同颜色例如蓝色。如比赛正在进行中，观众可增亮和选择盒分数以便自盒分数移向电视上显示的比赛。在一个实施例中，所选电视运动节目出现在PIP窗口或广告窗口中，允许观众自运动导视中读取节目有关运动故事，而同时观看相应的电视运动节目。 
EPG还能连接特定新闻导视中的新闻项目与有关的电视节目。观众可增亮和选择新闻导视中一个新闻项目，从而连至一个新闻节目以便观看或记录该新闻。在一个实施例中，所选电视新闻节目出现在PIP窗口或广告窗口内，允许观众读取新闻导视中的故事，而同时观看报导该事件的tv新闻节目。 
在一个实施例中，所选频道的VBI专用于发送特定数据服务。例如，ESPN VBI只携带运动数据服务。在一个实施例中，数据服务在PIP窗口中显示ESPN TV节目，作为对携带此数据的鼓励。由于调谐器必须设置至ESPN以获取数据，电视信号可用于在PIP中显示。 
F.对商业广告商提供改进的机会以接近观众
1.广告窗口与产品有关的视频要点和商业信息记录
EPG向商业信息发布者提供扩充的能力以便通过广告窗口接近观众。由于购买广告时间的费用贵，越来越多的产品制造商和市场经营商发布有关他们产品的商业信息，然后根据躲开黄金时间的原则，即经常在非黄金频道上为他们的商业信息购买相对便宜的广播时间。EPG向商业信息发布者提供机会以便向观众提供机会来记录在观众不方便实时观看的时候在一个时间或一个频道上播送的商业信息。 
如广告窗口显示一个有关特定产品的信息，则按下一个记录按钮就可指令EPG记录一条商业信息或广告，包括为将来编排播送的信息。选代地，观众可为观看表指定商业信息或广告。选代地，EPG向 商业信息发布者提供机会以便向观众提供机会来观看有关正在做广告的产品的视频要点。 
在一个实施例中，当观众增亮广告窗口时，显示与广告窗口中显示的产品和/或节目有关的视频要点。取决于实施例和/或观众的选项，可在PIP窗口中、广告窗口中或全屏幕上显示视频要点。在视频要点结束后，EPG通常回至观众刚在选择用于启动视频要点显示之前所应用的模式。 
2.广告窗口与节目有关的记录
EPG向电视节目发布者提供附加机会以接近观众。广告窗口可显示有关将来编排的电视节目的信息。如观众对记录节目感兴趣，则观众可采取一系列可选代的操作。例如，在一个实施例中，观众可指令EPG记录将来编排的节目。在一个实施例中，观众按下远程控制设备上的记录按钮以指令EPG记录将来编排的节目。选代地，观众可指令EPG将节目加至观看表中。选代地，观众可指令EPG显示有关节目的视频要点。还有，观众可指令EPG将用户与详细专门信息导视/数据服务，例如运动、新闻或其他导视/数据服务相连接。EPG向观众提供能力以便用多种方式请求来自这类导视/数据服务的详细信息，这些方式包括观众增亮格条导视中、广告窗口中或虚拟频道广告片中的特定节目。在一个实施例中，EPG在格条导视的详细信息区域内显示有关的详细信息。在另一个实施例中，EPG将观众与信息的外部数据库例如与因特网上的一个特定网站相连接。 
3.屏幕广告。
在一个实施例中，屏幕广告占用导视中固定区域并通常填满了付费广告。直接位于广告窗口中PIP下面的可用导视空间可供两个屏幕广告用。每个屏幕广告约占用全部屏幕的九分之一。屏幕广告的可用面积是132象素高x160象素宽，四周是两个象素宽的黑色边框，及左、右侧和两个广告空间之间是两个象素的灰色。当给定的广告空间没有售出时，该空间即填以一个存于RAM中的插入可用空间内的占位符号广告，或者填以有奖广告。 
广告商可一起买下两块1/9屏幕面积，从而建立单块广告，其有用空间为270象素高乘160象素宽，四周都是两个象素宽的黑色边框及左侧和右侧为两个象素宽的灰色。 
在一个实施例中，所有导视屏幕都是由“硬页”组成。一面硬页规定为一块包含9个频道片的区域。每当用户滚动低于9＊x频道片时，即出现一页新“硬页”。往回滚动将把先前的硬页带回视野中。每页硬页可有不同的与其相关的屏幕广告。 
在一个实施例中，在分类屏幕中硬页有不同定义。不论在表中的垂直项的数目有多少，每一分类(例如电影、运动、儿童节目)都看作一页硬页。当用户水平地自一个类移至下一个类时，屏幕广告将改变。 
可用硬页的数目决定于用户节目安排的大小和打开或关闭的频道的数目。在没有足够频道支持一定数目的卖出的屏幕广告所需硬页数目的情况下，并不显示所有屏幕广告。例如，假定在存储器内存放了4对屏幕广告和4个频道广告。此外，假定一个特定用户在他的频道节目安排中具有20个工作频道。则广告将如下显示： 
具有频道1-8的屏幕广告对1与第一频道广告 
具有频道9-16的屏幕广告对2与第二频道广告 
具有频道17-20的屏幕广告对3与第三频道广告和第四频道广告 
如用户打开更多频道，需要加上第四硬页，则将可看见第四屏幕广告对。 
在一个实施例中，用户可增亮这些广告，从而自动地显示一个扩充信息盒。此扩充信息盒覆盖格条导视整个右面的2/3。用户将增亮部分移开屏幕广告或在出现最后一个有关的信息盒屏幕之后按下信息按钮，就可关闭扩充信息盒。图10a和10b是用于阐述一个表示有关增亮的屏幕广告窗口的内容的附加信息的特征的实施例的屏幕EPG显示上的图形表示例子。 
在一个实施例中，屏幕广告围以平的黑色边框。当增亮一个屏幕广告时，边框转为黄色。当设置一个节目以便记录时，边框转为红色 (当屏幕广告不增亮时为深红色，当增亮时为浅红/亮红色)。当一个节目编排供观看时，边框转为橙色(当屏幕广告不增亮时为深橙色，当增亮时为浅橙/亮橙色)。 
在一个实施例中，可在扩充信息盒内顺序地显示多个信息“屏幕”。当增亮一个广告时，按下Info按钮可访问这些附加屏幕。对附加屏幕的数目没有一定限制；此数目只受限于存储器和出售要求。 
在一个实施例中，如一个屏幕增亮并已显示与它相关的信息以及正显示广告，则用户可按下左操作按钮(标以“Watch”的蓝色按钮)或按下远程设备上的进入/选择按钮从而直接调谐至有关节目。按下观看按钮也可为记录/观看编排中的显示设置显示间隔以便用户将频度设为每日或每周。如当今没有显示，按下左操作按钮即将显示置于记录/观看编排中；或按下进入/观看按钮即调谐至与广告中显示有关的频道。加入记录/观看编排中的显示可设置为观看：一次，每日或每周。观看特征和有关操作按钮标志用同一方式运行，犹如自格条导视中编排一个显示供观看。 
在一个实施例中，如屏幕广告具有与其相关的显示信息，则可增亮该广告和按下右操作按钮(标以“Record”的绿色按钮)以记录该显示。如正在显示，则立即开始记录并将该显示置于记录/观看编排中以便用户将显示频度设为每日或每周。如在将来显示，则将该显示加入记录/观看编排以供自动记录。加入记录/观看编排的显示可设置为：一次、每日或每周记录。记录特征和有关操作按钮标志用同一方式运行，犹如自格条导视中编排一个显示供记录。 
在一个实施例中，屏幕广告可以是动态的。有两块区域可以是动态的：1.)屏幕广告空间；和/或2.)信息盒。 
屏幕广告区域可随时间变化，例如每隔x秒在屏幕广告空间内通过多个不同图像或文字广告轮换操作。增亮一个屏幕广告时，广告轮换即在当今显示的广告视频上停止。在该屏幕广告停止增亮之前，该动态轮换不会重新启动。 
与屏幕广告有关的信息盒文字可能随时间变化，例如每y秒通过多个不同文字屏幕轮换。如用户按下Info.按钮以显示信息文字的首页，则该屏幕轮换即停止。此选项可供广告商使用以在信息盒中轮换不同标题。用户可再次按下Info.按钮而观看随后的页面。在屏幕不再增亮之前，屏幕轮换不会重新启动。 
4.虚拟频道广告片。
EPG向商业信息供应商提供扩充的能力以便通过也称为频道广告的虚拟频道广告片接近观众。虚拟频道广告片以格条导视的行的形式出现及通常显示出为特定频道编排的节目名称。EPG格条导视的虚拟频道广告片把将显示的广告显示为节目编排格条导视中的行。虚拟频道广告片可用于提供格条导视中特定节目的多次显露。虚拟频道广告片的操作犹如格条导视中的频道条目，即观众可记录、观看和为观看而编排，及/或获取有关格条导视的信息细节盒中的广告节目的信息。 
在图1中，贴条52显示一个电视节目广告的虚拟频道广告片的例子--它是格条导视22中频道和时间以外的节目单。也即，它不出现在格条导视中的通常频道位置或时间位置内，但在其他方面该贴条类似于格条导视22中其他节目单贴条(包括高度)，不同处是它不论节目的持续时间多长都占用整个贴条宽度。当按上箭头和下箭头键时，正常节目单贴条滚动出屏幕。相反，在一个实施例中，当按上箭头和下箭头键时，例如贴条52中所示，虚拟频道广告片仍然一直留在屏幕上以使广告一直留在视野内。 
频道广告并不占用固定区域。频道广告主要插入格条导视频道之间。如没有卖出任何频道广告，则格条导视只简单是一个没有间隙的频道/显示贴条的连续表。由于这些频道广告占用格条导视中一个频道片，希望限制在任何一个屏幕上可能出现的数目以便保证导视成为TV节目信息的有用来源。通常每一硬页大约一个频道。 
频道广告通常使用频道片的高度和格条导视的宽度，并与频道表混合在一起。频道广告的可用区域通常是24个象素高x344个象素宽，四周围以2个象素的斜边。 
有多种类型的频道广告，包括：相对的，父母的，和固定位置的频道广告。 
相对的频道广告出现在相对于格条导视顶部的位置内，并相隔n个频道片分布，其中n是一个数。这些广告作为用户页通过导视硬页出现和消失。预料n通常(不必一定是)等于9，因这是PIP版本格条导视中的频道数。这提供每一硬页一个广告。第一广告的位置可选为在第一页上以及随后的广告每隔n个频道片随于其后。每隔n个频道片重复着同一个广告。对于PIP和非PIP版本两者都用每隔n个频道片重复的方法。通常当用户将频道关闭时，这些广告之间的间隔保持不变(每隔n个频道片)。在没有足够频道用于继续保持这种间隔的情况下，广告将出现在格条导视表的末端。 
父母的频道广告与直接位于广告上部的特定频道有关。父母频道广告连至其邻近的“父母”频道(即广告跟随于父母频道之后)。由于希望限制在任何一个屏幕上观看的频道广告数，通常对父母广告的数目加以限制。附加地，如关闭父母频道，则该广告将显示于格条导视底部。 
固定位置频道广告位于一个特定位置，即格条导视顶部往下y(其中y是一个数)个频道。如y大于格条导视中的频道数，则广告将位于格条导视末端。 
除以上所述有关父母和固定位置频道广告外，频道广告通常如此间隔以使一个时间内只显示一个频道。 
在一个实施例中，频道广告页面垂直地靠着频道表信息。当格条导视水平滚动时，这些广告仍留在固定位置。用户可增亮这些频道广告，犹如增亮任何显示名称。当增亮时，这些频道广告在信息盒中显示附加信息，犹如增亮任何频道时那样。 
频道广告通常围以斜边，犹如任何显示贴条。频道广告的增亮通常类似于屏幕广告的增亮。在一个实施例中，当用户增亮一个频道广告时，斜边变换为平的(非斜边的)黄色边框。当一个频道广告显示设置为记录时，边框转为红色(当不增亮时为深红，当增亮时为淡/浅红色)。当编排一个频道广告显示供观看时，边框转为橙色(当不增亮时为深橙色，当增亮时为淡/浅橙色)。 
在一个实施例中，频道广告可具有信息的多个顺序信息盒“screens”。此附加信息的可用性由一个“i”图标标示。用户可按下信息按钮以访问该附加信息。 
在一个实施例中，如一个频道广告增亮并已显示与它相关的信息以及当今正显示着广告，则用户可按下左操作按钮(标以“Watch”的蓝色按钮)或按下远程设备上的进入/选择按钮从而直接调谐至有关节目。按下观看按钮也可为记录/观看编排中的显示设置显示间隔。如当今没有显示，则按下左操作按钮就将显示置于记录/观看编排中以备将来自动观看；按下进入/选择按钮即调谐至频道广告中与显示有关的频道。加入记录/观看编排中的显示可设置为：一次，每日或每周观看。观看特征和有关操作按钮标志用同一方式应用，犹如自格条导视中编排一个显示供观看。 
在一个实施例中，如频道广告具有与其相关的显示信息，则可增亮该广告和按下右操作按钮(标以“Record”的绿色按钮)来记录该显示。如该显示早已在电视信号中传送，则立即开始记录并将该显示置于显示间隔的记录/观看编排中。如将来显示，则将该显示加入记录/观看编排以供记录。加入记录/观看编排的显示可设置为：一次、每日或每周记录。记录特征和有关操作按钮标志用同一方式应用，犹如自格条导视中记录一个显示。 
屏幕广告可以是动态的。 
5.占位广告
在一个实施例中，当首次设置导视时，将收不到最初下载的信息。屏幕广告必须用存于ROM中的占位广告加以填充。这些广告必 须是“无时间”的，因第一次设置TV时或每当断电又启动时它们都会出现。 
屏幕广告空间的一个用途是帮助文字。用于帮助用户选择广告空间的帮助文字可以用作“辅导”，告诉用户如何访问屏幕广告和信息屏幕上的附加信息，以及如何观看和记录广告。 
6.全屏幕广告。
当观众首次进入EPG时，EPG可显示一个全屏幕广告，例如一个显示于广告窗口内的广告。观众能像他与广告窗口交互那样与全屏幕广告交互。也即，观众可以指令EPG将与广告有关的商业信息或节目，如果有一个的话，记录或加入观看表中。 
7.自动观看频道。
可以自动地调谐到由观众选定的频道而不是在观众下一次打开电视时将上一次观看的最后一个频道调谐为第一个频道。在一个实施例中，观众标示EPG的观看表功能中的自动观看频道。在另一个实施例中，广播员向每一个观众发送一个屏上查询，如观众希望在第一次打开电视时使广播员的频道成为第一个观看的频道，则观众可输入一个命令。 
8.广告特征。
广告特征可以是其他事物中的一个图像段，一个文字段或图像和文字的组合段。 
图像通常表示为8位/象素(使用“320模式”)，4位/象素(在“640模式”中)和1位/象素图像。在某些实施例中有存储器限制。在这些具有存储器限制的实施例中，当使用4或8位/象素图像时希望屏幕广告所包含的图像不大于广告面积的25％。对于1位/象素的图像可使用100％的面积。虽不一定必要，但通常频道广告图像限于广告的频道商标部分。(此处及本申请中所有别处“通常”一词用于表示“通常，但不一定必要”。)频道广告的其余部分通常只有文字。 
显示的文字通常具有以下特性： 
可用正常和压缩的18和24点字体 
斜体字版本 
下划线 
粗体字 
按中心对齐 
向左和向右对齐 
每行可选一个颜色 
也可只在屏幕广告区内将文字作为1位/象素位图显示。 
背景颜色对整体外观及导视可用性有影响。下面描述一个典型实施例。 
屏幕广告背景颜色可由广告商选择并通常受到下面所述的照明限制。 
可以限制频道广告背景颜色。显示贴条背景颜色的方法可用作显示分类(电影、运动等)和对显示采取的操作(设置为记录或观看)的关键。由于可显示大部分任何背景颜色，希望保持显示贴条颜色主题的整体性。因此，当创作频道广告时，最好为广告代理商规定使用一组有限的背景颜色或一组不能使用的颜色。屏幕广告背景颜色通常受到下面所述的照明限制。 
信息盒背景颜色通常是灰色并且通常不能由广告商改变。 
通常对广告中的颜色照明加以限制。如照明太亮，则屏幕图像将变为透明。根据实施例，将设置这些限制并通知广告商供他们开发时考虑。不符合对特定实施例的照明限制的广告将受到省缺的改写限制。 
在一个实施例中，观众可与广告和电视交互。例如，如果广告块具有与其有关的节目信息，则调谐广告允许观众直接自一个增亮的广告块调谐至正进行中的显示。可以或者按下进入/选择按钮或者按下左操作按钮(标为“Watch”的蓝色按钮)而直接调谐一个与一个广告有关的正进行中的显示。 
直接记录的广告允许用户自一个增亮的广告块中记录一个正播放中的显示或编排在将来播放的显示。实际上对于直接记录的有关显示 在多远的将来编排播放并无限制。当增亮广告时，按下右操作按钮可记录与广告有关的显示。用户可选择一次、每日或每周的记录频度。用户可按下右操作按钮(标为“Record”绿色按钮)以自一个广告中将显示置入记录编排计划中。在正在显示的情况下，当增亮一个广告时按下右操作按钮将允许记录正在播放的显示。显示名称也放置于记录编排计划中，直至用户希望改变记录频度为每日或每周而结束显示。 
观看广告包含任何广告空间内的广告节目。只要广告块具有与其相关的节目信息，广告节目即可放入观看表内。实际上对一个相关的显示可在多远的将来编排播放并无限制。观看特征与记录特征完全相同，其不同点是它将电视(“TV”)调谐以便显示而不是记录它。如观众正观看电视，当该显示开始时，频道自动地改变至位于观看表内的显示。当在观看表内的显示编排开始时，如TV是关着的，则TV会打开并调谐至所需频道(只是TV实施而不是VCR)。用户可选择一次、每日或每周的观看频度。用户可自广告中按下左操作按钮(标为“Watch”的蓝色按钮)以将显示置于观看表内。在当今正在显示的情况下，当一个广告增亮时，按下左操作按钮会直接调谐至该显示。显示名称也放在观看表内，直至用户希望改变观看频度为每日或每周从而结束显示。 
广告可具有多层信息。通常第一层信息是广告副本和/或显示于屏幕上的图像而不带有用户操作。此包括屏幕和频道广告区域。 
当用户滚动到一个广告块因而增亮它时通常第二层信息(如由广告商提供)会自动地显示(“Auto-Open”)。当选择一个频道广告时此第二信息显示于信息盒内，及当增亮一个屏幕广告时它显示于一个覆盖整个频道格条导视区的信息盒的自动扩充版本内。根据广告商的决定而放于广告处的“i”图标标示该广告还有更多信息可用。决定于存储器容量，此第二层信息可以是文字和/或图像。 
通常第三层信息(如由广告商提供)的可用性由第二层信息屏幕上的信息按钮“i”所标示。按下信息按钮即访问此信息并使信息盒为频道广告扩充以覆盖整个格条导视区。此信息可长达数页。按下信息 按钮可连续地使用户循环通过多页。自最后一个可用屏幕按下信息按钮可使所有广告的信息盒收缩至其原来尺寸。决定于存储器容量，此第三信息可以是文字和/或图像。 
广告块可以是动态的。当存储器允许时，屏幕广告图像和/或文字及信息盒文字可每隔X秒(其中X是一个数)通过限制在N(其中N是一个数)内的不同图像或文字操作内轮换。任何同一时间内显示的动态广告的数目受容量限制。 
广告持续时间和起始时间/结束时间可以编排和/或是动态的。在一个实施例中，广告在给定起始时间和相关的结束时间内显示。起始与结束时间之间的时间是广告持续时间。最小的持续时间增量通常是60秒。在一个实施例中，当到达广告的结束时间时，不会自动地替换广告。只当用户的操作促使一面新“硬页”或新的导视段出现(例如自格条导视改为分类)时才会改变广告。 
广告能轮换。例如，每当用户进入导视的同一页/段时可出现不同广告。对于轮换的广告数目并无硬性限制。广告可被赋予优先级，其中首次访问一面硬页或一个段时，显示优先级最高的广告。当下一次用户观看此页时显示第二优先级的广告并依此类推。优先级计数器是页面相关的，这意味着如用户第三次观看第一页，则他们将在此页上看到第三优先级广告，及如他们第一次滚动到第二页，则他们将在第二页上看到第一优先级广告。 
对于不同正观看的导视段，广告可以不同。例如，如用户正观看运动主题区，则可能出现一个ESPN运动中心的广告，而当用户曾在主格条导视中时曾出现不同广告。 
EPG可根据就在进入EPG之前观众刚才观看的电视频道上显示的广告来确定显示哪一个广告。也即，如果当观众进入EPG时观众观看的频道上正在显示Toyota广告，则可使EPG定时地在EPG的某些部分例如广告窗口中、电视节目中显示相关的Toyota广告。 
在一个实施例中，EPG查阅观众概况以便确定当观众与EPG会晤期间在不同时间内显示哪些广告。EPG可赋予广告和页面优先级以便表示广告商的投资和相对的观众概况。 
动态的广告通常每隔x秒(其中x为一个数，x可小至1.0秒)通过n个(其中n为一个数)图像或文字操作来轮换，从而表示不同图像。通常任何一个时候所显示的这些广告的数目有限(可能最多每秒一个)，因忙碌的屏幕会减低广告的有效性和导视的可用性。 
一旦放入存储器，广告必须是“可标识”和“可访问”的，以允许广告商“上拉”一个广告，更新一个广告或校正传输中的误差。 
G.改进的由观众访问的产品信息
1.广告窗口产品细节。
观众可增亮广告窗口以寻找有关做广告产品的附加信息。在一个实施例中，观众按下远程控制设备的箭头/方向导视键以将远程设备指针引导至屏上电视显示器显示的广告窗口位置。当远程控制设备指针位于屏上电视显示器显示的广告窗口处时，将增亮广告窗口的屏上显示。在一个实施例中，广告窗口的颜色本身将变为更亮或显示照亮效果。在另一个实施例中，广告窗口周围边框的颜色将变为更亮或显示照亮效果。增亮广告窗口将在EPG格条导视的细节盒中显示描述产品的附加文字。选代地，EPG向商业信息供应商提供机会以便向观众提供机会观看有关做广告的产品的视频要点。 
广告窗口可以有交互选项。包含有关广告窗口中正显示的广告的信息的网站的因特网址可在广告窗口内显示为一个网址，一个图标，或某种其他图像表示，例如一个标示附加交互信息的斜体“i”。此外，观众与广告窗口的交互将被EPG监视并记录为观众概况的一部分。 
2.广告窗口与产品有关记录。
EPG向观众提供机会去访问有关观众感兴趣产品的扩充信息。由于购买广告时间的费用贵，越来越多的产品制造商和市场经营商发布有关他们产品的商业信息。由于广播时间的费用贵，许多产品制造商 和市场经营商根据躲开黄金时间的原则，即经常在非黄金频道为他们的商业信息购买相对便宜的广播时间。EPG向观众提供机会以便记录在观众不方便实时观看的时候在一个时间或一个频道上播送的商业信息。如广告窗口显示一个有关特定产品的信息，则按下记录按钮就可指令EPG记录一条商业信息，包括编排在将来播送的信息。选代地，观众可为观看表指定商业信息。 
3.广告窗口与节目有关记录
EPG向观众提供附加机会以便指令EPG记录或观看一个将来编排的电视节目。广告窗口可显示有关将来编排的电视节目的信息。如观众有兴趣记录节目，则观众可指令EPG记录将来编排的节目。在一个实施例中，观众按下远程控制设备上的记录按钮以指令EPG记录将来编排的节目。选代地，观众可指令EPG将节目附加到观看表中。选代地，观众可观看有关节目的一个视频要点。 
H.建立观众概况
1.收集观众概况信息。
EPG请求观众提供一定概况信息，包括但不限于：观众的邮政编码；观众订购的电视、有线电视和卫星服务；所述订购长度；电视品种；电视使用年限；何处购买电视；观众最喜欢的频道；观众爱好的节目类型；及观众最喜欢观看电视的时间。如观众偏向于提供此信息，则EPG将如下所述地试图“学习”该信息。 
在一个实施例中，EPG能够区别个别观众并开发个体化的概况。例如，在一个实施例中，每个观众都有单独的PIN或其他识别码。在另一个实施例中，每个观众使用一个个体化的远程设备。在又一个实施例中，没有方法将一个观众与其他观众区别开。在此情况下，就为“家庭”开发概况。 
每当观众与EPG或电视交互时，EPG记录观众的操作和围绕这些操作的环境。例如，当观众改变频道时，EPG在其他事物中记录有关以下事物的信息：第一频道，新频道，何时改变，在第一频道上显示的节目的标识，在新频道上显示的节目的标识，改变时在第一频道上 显示的任何广告的标识，在新频道上显示的任何广告的标识，及观众是否在EPG模式中的一个模式内而不是在电视模式内改变频道。EPG也将记录观众要记录或观看一个节目的每条指令，是否该指令是一次、每日、每周或经常。EPG也将记录观众是否改变电视视频的音量，及如果如此，则在改变音量时是何环境。如观众是在EPG模式中的一个之内时改变频道的，则EPG记录有关改变前和改变后EPG UI的每个窗口中显示什么的信息。 
EPG也记录当观众与EPG的电视之间没有交互时的信息。例如，EPG记录观众是否继续观看广告而不改变频道。EPG计算和记录任何一个特定日子里打开电视的整个时间间隔。 
EPG也记录有关观众与外部信息源例如因特网的交互的信息。例如，EPG记录由观众启动的每次搜索查询准则，用于查询的搜索引擎，观众自搜索响应中选取的项目，用户与因特网站的交互，和当观众与因特网交互时在同一时间帧内观众与EPG的交互。 
作为上述个别观众概况收集的选代方案是提供屏上调查询问。也即，EPG可显示一个屏上建议，告诉观众打一个本地电话号以便读取一个供调查用的屏上加密号并领取一分礼品证书。此建议可只提供给在特定时间内观看特定节目或特定广告的观众。调查响应可提供有用信息，用于为进一步调查剪裁，导视剪裁和确定广告目标提供有用信息。 
2.分析观众概况信息并加以分类。
观众概况信息(有关和围绕观众与电视、EPG(包括记录和观看功能)、因特网、万维网和EPG以外的任何其他观众通过其进行交互的信息源的交互而收集的数据)可送至电视分布首端处的计算机以供分析用或选代地由EPG分析。 
有关观众的信息是在进行中的基础上获取的。类似地，观众概况数据是在进行中的基础上更新的。因此，可隔一定时间间隔重复运行观众概况分析程序(“概况程序”)以将上一次分析以来获取的有关观 众的附加信息包括进来。选代地，概况程序可以是一个实时程序，它在获取数据时处理每一个有关观众的个别信息项目。 
观众概况分析程序(“概况程序”)可以是驻留在因特网上首端处作为EPG的一部分，或散布于这些不同可能位置中。概况程序完成对观众概况数据的不同类型的分析。例如，概况程序完成所收集数据的简单统计分析。概况程序累计观众进行以下操作的次数：在特定观看会晤中与EPG的交互；完成的与EPG的特定类型交互；观看一个特定频道；在特定观看会晤中与观众的交互；与特定网站的交互；观看和/或记录和/或编排以便观看一种特定类型主题(例如喜剧、运动、戏剧、电影、情景喜剧、科教片、冒险片、神秘片、纪录片、烹饪、出游等)的节目；及观看和/或记录和/或编排以便观看一种特定类型题材(例如高尔夫、网球、足球、篮球、排球、动物、食物等)或特定男、女演员的节目。概况程序也计算每次观看的时间间隔及在其他事物中统计观众观看电视，与EPG交互，或与因特网或万维网交互的一天中时数和一周中天数。 
使用对一个特定观众收集的基本观众概况数据和简单的统计，概况程序可“学习”认识有关收集的不同类型的数据的更细的分类，然后使用学到的信息去描述“观众爱好”。例如，如概况程序检测到观众观看运动节目和不少节目是篮球比赛，则概况程序分析所观看节目所涉及的球队。观看程序能够以此方式确定该观众是否为一个特定球队的球迷。如果是，则概况程序记录该观众的球队联系以作为观众爱好。 
概况程序完成多层的涉及基本观众概况数据与收集的有关一个特定观众的简单统计材料的多种比较的复杂分析和学习以便开发观众特性。以此方式，概况程序开发一个观众的多维概况。例如，一旦概况程序检测到一个观众爱好，概况程序即将当播送与观众爱好有关的节目(例如涉及观众的喜爱球队的篮球比赛)时观众与EPG或例如因特网/万维网的外部信息源交互的次数与当播送与观众爱好不相关的节目时观众与EPG或例如因特网/万维网的外部信息源交互的次数进行比较。 
还有，分析这两种环境中的交互种类。以此方式，概况程序在其他事物中确定与以下事物有关的观众特性：注意力强度；对产品广告的一般兴趣；对特定类型产品信息的兴趣；对推进购买的偏爱；推进购买习惯与价格范围、产品种类和广告格式的关联；对记录和/或观看将来编排的节目的兴趣；对访问有关电视节目的附加层信息的兴趣；以及对访问有关产品广告的附加层信息的兴趣，包括这些兴趣与观众爱好的关联。经过一段时间，拥有足够数据后，EPG得出观众的以下特性：幽默感，生理年龄，心理年龄，观众是否结婚，观众是否有孩子，观众是否有宠物和大概有哪类宠物，观众是否有兴趣购买特定类型的家用电器，观众是否考虑购买一辆车，观众的可能政治倾向，以及很广范围的其他不同观众特性。 
再进一步，概况程序将一个观众的概况与其他观众概况比较。通过此交叉比较和根据与类似观众概况的比较，概况程序可确定该观众对特定题材、作品、主题、电影、戏剧等的喜好偏向。 
I.使用观众概况信息以剪裁EPG的不同方面
EPG和概况程序使用对一个特定观众收集的基本观众概况数据和简单统计，观众爱好及观众特性(此处总称为“观众概况”)以便剪裁EPG的不同方面。观众具有选项可用于阻塞EPG设置模式中这些自动剪裁特征中的任何一个特征。EPG中将要被剪裁的一个方面是格条导视中表示的频道片顺序。表示的频道片顺序可剪裁以在格条导视的顶部/始端按照观众概况的下降顺序表示观众的喜爱频道。 
在一个实施例中，根据观众概况按照一周中的天数和一天中的时间剪裁频道片的顺序。例如，如一个特定观众经常在工作日晚上7点至10点观看Nite的Nick，则EPG会在晚上7点至10点自动地将电视调谐到合适的Nite的Nick频道，并将格条导视格式化以便在格条导视中将Nite的Nick频道显示为第一频道。如同一观众通常在星期六和星期日白天观看ESPN，则EPG在例如星期六和星期日早七点至晚七点的时间内自动地将电视调谐至ESPN频道中的一个，并格式化格条导视 以便只要观众在星期六和星期日早七点至晚七点的时间内进入格条导视就将ESPN频道显示为格条导视中的首批频道。 
由观众选择，EPG和概况程序可使用基本观众概况数据，收集的有关一个特定观众的简单统计，观众爱好及观众特性以完成自动冲浪。由观众选择，可在实时广告传播期间完成自动冲浪。由观众进一步选择，可在PIP观看功能中完成自动冲浪，允许观众在PIP窗口中提供自动冲浪的同时观看当今在主图形窗口中调谐的节目。选代地，由观众选择，可在PIP观看功能中完成自动冲浪，允许观众在主图形窗口中提供自动冲浪的同时观看当今在PIP窗口中调谐的节目。还有，观众可选择选项以便选择不同广告供观看或观众选择的手动冲浪频道。 
由观众选择，EPG和概况程序可使用基本观众概况数据，收集的有关一个特定观众的简单统计，观众爱好及观众特性以散发具有可能适合观众兴趣的节目的记录表和/或观看表。在一个实施例中，在首端处的中央计算机中进行对此类信息的搜索。在另一个实施例中，构成查询并送至因特网搜索引擎。 
由观众选择，EPG和概况程序可使用基本观众概况数据，收集的有关一个特定观众的简单统计，观众爱好及观众特性以搜索可能适合观众兴趣的新闻故事。解决的问题是自动地(不要编辑人员)从多个新闻来源中选择新闻故事以便在新闻服务中向特定观众显示。新闻广播的音频部分的内容被数字化并能存储在中央计算机中、一个或多个网站上、特定观众电视系统的本地DVD(视频和音频记录两者)上、或特定观众电视系统处的存储器内。除音频内容外，也可存储新闻故事的视频记录。 
在某些实施例中，观众概况来自观众的具体输入，然后用于构成数据搜索查询以便寻找和发送与观众概况中的兴趣和/或观众对信息的具体请求相匹配的内容。然后将新闻故事加上标志(如本公开内容中到处所描述的)。EPG向观众提供剪裁的标志。以此方式，观众选择供观看用的新闻故事的方式与观众选择他希望观看或记录的电视节 目的方式完全一样。此外，可宣告包含有关加标志的新闻故事的附加信息的网站，例如作为当观众增亮一个供观看的特定新闻故事时表示的详细描述区域文字的一部分。 
在一个实施例中，主题导视根据观众概况提供“聪敏分类”(在此申请中别处还更详细地解释)。也即，如一个节目在两个频道上，则系统将根据观众更经常观看两个频道中的哪一个而选择最好频道。在一个实施例中，根据观众概况进一步将主题导视剪裁。例如，随同计分一起发送的信息广播包用于在运动导视中与观众概况一致地将计分排序。例如，涉及Boston Red Sox的比赛计分将首次显示供Boston观众用。 
在设置过程中，EPG提供自动频道映象选择。观众邮政编码中的所有频道映象都下载。显示有关邮政编码的选项。在一个实施例中，要求观众标识电视在选择合适频道映象选项时所需信息，而电视自动地选择合适的频道映象。例如，要求观众标识观众订购的分发服务例如Colonial有线电视以及特定频道映象例如观众是否在频道43上接收HBO。以此方式，观众标识电视选择合适频道映象时所需信息。选代地，实际上要求观众选择频道映象，例如“如你有Colonial有线电视和在频道43上得到HBO，则取得此频道映象”。 
J.使用观众概况信息以向观众提供剪裁的广告表示
EPG和概况程序使用观众概况信息将给予观众的广告表示和编排剪裁及将给予用户的EPG表示剪裁。例如，EPG使用观众概况信息以判定是否通知观众有关一个涉及观众的喜爱球队的节目或涉及该球队中的明星队员的见面会等的编排。EPG可通过例如广告窗口中的广告或通过虚拟广告频道片中的广告来实现这类剪裁的通知/广告。 
附加地，EPG和概况程序使用观众概况信息以剪裁在观众正观看的电视节目的实时播送期间可看的播送广告的表示和/或编排。一个例子是在本地地理基础上剪裁一个广告的覆盖消息。例如，EPG知道个别观众的地理位置。广播员可按照邮政编码的匹配组包以剪裁消息以使每个邮政编码，例如观众本地区中Burger Kings 3号，获得不同 消息。在一个实施例中，可预先按照邮政编码将剪裁的消息装入特定观众的EPG中。预装的消息可在下班时间内由首端计算机传输并存储在观众的终端中以供播送广告时使用，例如广告窗口视频要点中或电视节目中。用于操作消息的电子启动器可与电视信号一起实时地传送并能识别存储于用户终端内应该应用的消息。 
在另一个实施例中，剪裁的消息与电视广告一起小范围播送。小范围播送剪裁的消息的一个方法是将剪裁的信息嵌埋于广告视频流中。另一个方法是在广告的视频流中传输一个数字“水印”。 
在一个实施例中，使用下法剪裁广告的实时观看：提供广告的多个频道，在编排显示广告时播送电视节目期间自动地将电视调谐至特定广告频道，然后在广告结束后将电视调回观众所选择的电视节目。在另一个实施例中，当广告在特定频道上播送时，一个服务将监视广告的播送，并当播送广告时在垂直消隐间隔(“VBI”)内插入一条改变频道命令，所述改变频道命令促使电视调谐至特定频道以便播送适合于观众爱好的广告。 
观众概况信息可与例如观众概况信息的统计报导一起向许多观众报导。这些报导可提供给广告商以便分析，提供给首端操作员、导视提供者或其他人以便在其他事物中确定市场剪裁机会、小范围广播机会、节目细节信息要求和节目分发编排要求。 
EPG试图获取任何电视/娱乐系统部分的近似初始购买日期(例如第一次启动日期)。EPG可在初始购买机会例如从制造商购买扩大的保证之后的适当时候通知用户。在一个实施例中，假定可在VBI中将这类通知消息送至合适的观众，终端设备是可以个别寻址的。按照观众概况，可根据观众的经济情况剪裁扩大保证建议。 
EPG使用观众概况信息的另一种方法与EPG显示的广告消息的“访问内容”剪裁有关。观众概况信息包括就在进入EPG之前观众刚观看的电视节目。EPG可根据进入EPG之前观众曾观看的电视节目内容或可通过EPG访问的特殊数据服务中之一来显示导视或服务中的不同广告。“访问-内容”的广告策略提供一个精细得多的瞄准顾客的方 法。例如，考虑两个顾客都在星期二晚上八点种观看电视。当一个曾经观看“Nova”的观众进入EPG时，EPG可能显示一个教育计算机的广告；而当第二个曾经观看大联盟棒球的观众进入EPG时，EPG可能显示一个Goodyear Tires的广告。 
在本发明一个实施例中，一个广告消息和虚拟频道广告的数据库存储于观众终端的RAM中，或如观众终端具有因特网连接，则可在网站上访问该数据库。在任何一种情况下，数据库中的广告项目用编码分类来标记，该编码分类相对应于赋予播送的电视节目的编码分类标记。(这些最好是用于将屏上或主题导视中的节目分类的同一分类)。电视节目的分类标记可作为EPG数据库的一部分存储于RAM中，并根据来自实时时钟和调谐器设置的信息自可应用的显示信息包(“SIP”)中检索。此信息标识指向可应用的SIP的一个时间和频道。在从EPG数据库中检索出观众曾在电视模式中观看的最后节目的分类标记以后，此标记即与存储于RAM中的广告消息和虚拟频道广告的数据库中的相应标记加以匹配。在图1中，如上所述，在广告窗口14和16中显示附加有标记的广告项目及在贴条52上显示虚拟频道广告。 
EPG使用观众概况信息的又一种方法与EPG显示的广告消息的“邻近内容”剪裁有关。观众概况信息包括观众在EPG中当今曾增亮的内容或有关的数据服务的标识。使用此方法，EPG根据例如观众在当今格条导视中增亮了哪个显示，在运动数据服务中增亮了哪项运动，或在新闻服务中增亮了哪一类新闻(国际，本地等)来显示不同广告。 
EPG可从不同可能的位置选择广告，包括但不限于：存储于观众终端的RAM中的通过VBI下载的广告库，存储于首端处的广告库，或可通过一个EPG的与因特网/万维网站的连接进行访问的广告库。广告可具有图像、文字、视频要点、音频要点和它们的组合。每个广告可被赋予主题码、概况码和其他选择智能。在一个实施例中，为了剪裁广告显示，EPG搜索可用广告库以便寻找与由广告商设置的“访问 内容”，“邻近内容”准则，和/或观众概况信息相匹配的广告。在另一个实施例中，EPG根据预先建立的选择准则选择广告以供显示。 
下面的专利申请的公开内容在此处全部引为参考：国际申请WO96/07270；于1997年7月21日递交的申请号60/053,330；于1997年10月6日递交的申请号60/061,119；及于1997年8月12日递交的申请号60/055,237。 
在一个实施例中，将库中的广告赋予主题；将屏上主题菜单或节目导视的使用历史记录下来；及EPG微处理器分析该历史以确定显示哪个广告。 
例如，一个特定的汽车广告可能赋予运动事件主题。在一个简单实施中，如在预定时间间隔内特定EPG的用户比任何其他主题都更经常地选择运动为主题，则选择汽车广告用于显示。图7表示顶层主题屏幕的屏上显示；及图8表示第二层主题屏幕的屏上显示。当一个观众增亮图7中一个主题例如“运动”时，可记录主题选择。选择一个主题带来节目的一个时间、频道和名称的屏幕表，它与其例子示于图8中的第二层主题屏幕上的所选主题是一致的。将存储于存储器中的最旧的数据改写，可在一个存储器中记录使用历史。如果需要，可使用更为复杂的分析。因此，可为选择频度加权以便比更旧的选择更为偏重更新的选择，或者可将主题组合以确定显示哪个广告。 
在另一个实施例中，库中的广告赋予特定电视节目或一组电视节目；用访问频度、单次访问所花时间和/或所有访问的全部时间的内容来记录EPG的信息盒的使用历史；信息盒与电视节目相关及分析其结果以确定显示哪个广告。可用类似方式监视EPG屏幕的任何其他区域而不是信息盒，以便确定显示哪个广告。在每一种情况下，库中的广告赋予监视区内显示的信息类型或题材以便更好地使广告瞄准于用户兴趣。 
在另一个实施例中，库中的广告也赋予特定电视节目或一组电视节目，以频道和时间表示；监视调谐器；频度和时间与电视节目相关联，及分析其结果以确定显示哪个广告。例如，可将有名篮球明星的 商标名称运动鞋的广告赋予篮球节目。如特定EPG的观众在观看篮球比赛时进入EPG，则可选择鞋类广告以供显示。 
在另一个实施例中，库中的广告也赋予特定电视节目或一组电视节目；如图6中所示，记录进入一个“记录-观看表”的电视节目的历史；及分析其结果以确定显示哪个广告。 
也可考虑监视事件的时间以便区别同一EPG或有关的电视接收机的多个用户。假定使用EPG的和在一天内不同时间观看电视的人具有不同兴趣-家庭主妇可能在早晨更多使用EPG，儿童可能在傍晚使用它，而在外面工作的男人则可能在星期日下午使用它。 
如上所述的使用历史可与申请号60/055,237中描述的“访问内容”模型组合以便进一步针对用户兴趣做广告。因此，如果在预定时间间隔内特定EPG的用户选择喜剧作为一个主题的频度比任何其他主题都多，则可根据观众切换至屏上EPG之前他正在电视上观看的节目的种类来在三种广告中作出最后选择。 
此处描述的本发明实施例只考虑为优选的和/或用于阐述本发明概念的；本发明范围并不限于这类实施例。熟悉技术的人可在不背离本发明实质和范围的情况下作出不同的和许多其他安排。例如，选代性显示格式是可能的。 

Claims (30)

1.一种在电子节目导视(EPG)中向用户显示目标广告的方法，包括：
响应于用户调谐到的电视节目，监视用户调谐到的电视节目并收集关于用户兴趣的信息；
显示包括时间和频道的多个电视时间表信息条目；
同时显示目标广告和所显示的多个电视时间表信息，其中响应于用户兴趣将广告定目标到用户；
接收用户的输入以选择显示的目标广告；以及
响应于接收到用户的输入以选择显示的目标广告，调用功能。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中该功能提供有关广告的产品或广告的服务的信息。
3.根据权利要求2的方法，其中该功能安排自动调谐到关于广告的产品或广告的服务的电视广播的时间。
4.根据权利要求2的方法，其中该功能安排记录关于广告的产品或广告的服务的电视广播的时间。
5.根据权利要求2的方法，其中该功能调谐到关于广告的产品或广告的服务的电视广播。
6.根据权利要求1的方法，其中该广告是关于电视节目的。
7.根据权利要求6的方法，其中该功能自动调谐到电视节目。
8.根据权利要求6的方法，其中该功能安排记录电视节目的时间。
9.根据权利要求1的方法，其中该广告包括文本、图形和视频中的一个或多个。
10.根据权利要求1的方法，还包括：响应于多个用户调谐到的电视节目，监视多个用户调谐到的电视节目并收集关于多个用户兴趣中的每一个的信息。
11.一种在电子节目导视(EPG)中向用户显示目标广告的方法，包括：
响应于用户调谐到的电视频道，监视用户调谐到的电视频道并收集关于用户兴趣的信息；
显示包括时间和频道的多个电视时间表信息条目；
同时显示目标广告和所显示的多个电视时间表信息，其中响应于用户兴趣将广告定目标到用户；
接收用户的输入以选择显示的目标广告；以及
响应于接收到用户的输入以选择显示的目标广告，调用功能。
12.根据权利要求11的方法，其中该功能提供有关广告的产品或广告的服务的信息。
13.根据权利要求12的方法，其中该功能安排自动调谐到关于广告的产品或广告的服务的电视广播的时间。
14.根据权利要求12的方法，其中该功能安排记录关于广告的产品或广告的服务的电视广播的时间。
15.根据权利要求12的方法，其中该功能调谐到关于广告的产品或广告的服务的电视广播。
16.根据权利要求11的方法，其中该广告是关于电视节目的。
17.根据权利要求16的方法，其中该功能自动调谐到电视节目。
18.根据权利要求16的方法，其中该功能安排记录电视节目的时间。
19.根据权利要求11的方法，其中：该广告包括文本、图形、和视频中的一个或多个。
20.根据权利要求11的方法，还包括：响应于多个用户调谐到的电视频道，监视多个用户调谐到的电视频道并收集关于多个用户兴趣中的每一个的信息。
21.一种在电子节目导视(EPG)中向用户显示目标广告的方法，包括：
响应于用户与EPG的交互，监视用户与EPG的交互，并收集关于用户兴趣的信息；
显示包括时间和频道的多个电视时间表信息；以及
同时显示目标广告和所显示的多个电视时间表信息，其中响应于用户兴趣将广告定目标到用户；
接收用户的输入以选择显示的目标广告；以及
响应于接收到用户的输入以选择显示的目标广告，调用功能。
22.根据权利要求21的方法，其中该功能提供有关广告的产品或广告的服务的信息。
23.根据权利要求22的方法，其中该功能安排自动调谐到关于广告的产品或广告的服务的电视广播的时间。
24.根据权利要求22的方法，其中该功能安排记录关于广告的产品或广告的服务的电视广播的时间。
25.根据权利要求22的方法，其中该功能调谐到关于广告的产品或广告的服务的电视广播。
26.根据权利要求21的方法，其中该广告是关于电视节目的。
27.根据权利要求26的方法，其中该功能自动调谐到电视节目。
28.根据权利要求26的方法，其中该功能安排记录电视节目的时间。
29.根据权利要求21的方法，其中该广告包括文本、图形和视频中的一个或多个。
30.根据权利要求21的方法，还包括：响应于多个用户与EPG的交互，监视多个用户与EPG的交互并收集关于多个用户兴趣中的每一个的信息。
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US7181298P 1998-01-20 1998-01-20
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