CN85101123A - The system and method for diagnosis - Google Patents

The system and method for diagnosis Download PDF

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Publication number
CN85101123A
CN85101123A CN85101123.3A CN85101123A CN85101123A CN 85101123 A CN85101123 A CN 85101123A CN 85101123 A CN85101123 A CN 85101123A CN 85101123 A CN85101123 A CN 85101123A
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China
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mentioned
data
diagnostic
detector
position location
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CN1007757B (en
Inventor
克里斯坦·特纳·肯珀
罗伯特·李·奥斯本
詹姆斯·克里斯托夫·贝洛
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CBS Corp
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Priority to CN 85101123 priority Critical patent/CN1007757B/en
Publication of CN85101123A publication Critical patent/CN85101123A/en
Publication of CN1007757B publication Critical patent/CN1007757B/en
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    • Y02E60/74
    • Y02E60/7884
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/30State monitoring, e.g. fault, temperature monitoring, insulator monitoring, corona discharge
    • Y04S40/143

Abstract

A kind of diagnostic system, central diagnostic center wherein receives the detector data about many working condition of remote.The certain detector signal of record in each equipment, and in predetermined separately transmitting time, send these signals.If surpassed some start-limiting,, make it send these data in advance, so that this equipment is made instant rapid diagnosis analysis than its normal transmitting time of determining with regard to the data chainning of foundation immediately with diagnostic center.In a predetermined period of time, keep the communication chain between this equipment and the diagnostic center open-minded, get on so in this cycle, can deliver to this diagnostic center to more data from this equipment, and with analysis result and the instruction from this diagnostic center again foldback return this equipment.

Description

The system and method for diagnosis
The present invention relates to be used to monitor a diagnostic system of a process, more particularly, is through being usually used in diagnosing the device of possibility misoperation in the process.
No matter, still, all the duty of various processes must be monitored continuously,, thereby some corrective actions can be taked so that contingent fault is obtained indication early from the viewpoint of economy from the viewpoint of safety.
Some such processes of like generating set generating in order to obtain the online indication of many running parameters, in a whole set of generating set, be used up to a hundred detectors.The diagnostic system that one cover is used for response detector output can be set on equipment, this system explains the reading of detector continuously, and the indication that this equipment working state is provided advises simultaneously to the equipment operator, takes from safety or economic angle and the suitable action that should take.
Can use storage to have the digital machine of diagnostic routine to finish this diagnosis.In preferable embodiment, recent development has proposed to use the computer program that is known as knowledgeable expert system.These expert systems are the rule-based systems that comprise many rules, and these rules result from the consultation of doctors result of one or more diagnosticians to a particular device.Because over time, can obtain many information, therefore if necessary, can be by increasing, leave out or revising some rules and come update routine.
Typical case's equipment commonly used may include up to a hundred detectors, and the output signal of these detectors must periodically be scanned, and is got up by storage.For some detector, its sweep frequency may represent with second, and for some other detector, just may be with minute representing.Therefore, use needs to have expert diagnostic system or other diagnostic system of flood tide storage, concerning some equipment, just become unusual costliness.
The present invention provides a kind of device, utilizes this device can monitor many such equipment continuously, monitors its abnormal work state, and cost is than required much lower far away of common this operation.
According to the present invention, a diagnostic system is used for process of monitoring on first position location, and this process comprises a plurality of detectors, produces and this process duty output signal related, this system includes, and is positioned at the first data-storing device of above-mentioned first position location; Be positioned at first calculation element of above-mentioned first position location, this device can carry out periodic scan to the output signal of above-mentioned detector, and those and scanning last time relatively, numerically demonstrated the signal of predetermined difference value and those have surpassed the signal of predetermined threshold value separately, deposit in the above-mentioned first data-storing device; Be positioned at away from the diagnostic center on second position location of above-mentioned first position location; Also comprise second calculation element and the second data-storing device that to carry out diagnostic analysis.Feature of the present invention is, the first transmitter receiver device under above-mentioned first calculation element control, in the fixed time cycle, content with the above-mentioned first data-storing device, through data chainning, sending to above-mentioned diagnostic center gets on, and no matter when, as long as a signal has surpassed its predetermined threshold value, just in not pre-determined a period of time, foregoing is sent, above-mentioned diagnostic center includes the second transmitter receiver device under above-mentioned second calculation element control, this device receives the data from above-mentioned first position location, so that second calculation element can be carried out above-mentioned diagnostic analysis, in addition, the above-mentioned second transmitter receiver device, also can be used for through above-mentioned data chainning the object information foldback of its analysis being returned the first transmitter receiver device, the above-mentioned first transmitter receiver device also can be used to receive the information that it sends.
Under situation easily, the first data-storing device is positioned on first position location, on this position, also has a computer installation, this installs the output signal that periodically scan detector produced, and those and scanning last time relatively, are numerically demonstrated the signal of predetermined difference value and those has surpassed separately that the signal of predetermined threshold value deposits in the data-storing device.
Be in away from the diagnostic center on second position location of first position location.Include data-storing device and computer installation, thereby can carry out diagnostic analysis.In order in the fixed time, the content of the first data-storing device to be sent to diagnostic center, for example per hour just send, the transmitter receiver device that is on first position location is under the computer installation control.This equipment is practicable, thereby, between the transmission of normality, no matter when, surpassed its predetermined threshold value as long as work as signal, just will in not pre-determined a period of time, send the content in the first data-storing device.
Diagnostic center includes the device of the data that reception sends here from first position location, thereby, can carry out diagnostic analysis, and the result of its analysis sent it back again in first position location go.In this way, by the diagnostic analysis of the complexity of on central diagnostic center, carrying out, just can monitor the many processes on the different on earth position locations simultaneously.
Now, we with reference to accompanying drawing, illustrate the present invention by way of example.In the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an output curve diagram of describing a canonical process detector;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of explanation this system works situation on the process position location;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of explanation this system works situation on diagnostic center.
Though the diagnostic system among the present invention can be used for many process diagnosis, no matter be the process diagnosis on the static immobilization, or the process diagnosis on the Kinematic Positioning, but we still only illustrate it for the example about a cover generating set, more particularly, be according to the example of this generating set of turbodynamo, be illustrated.
Fig. 1 shows with numeral 1,2 ... various generating set that n indicates, wherein typical one describes with equipment 2.This equipment comprises a steam turbine 10 that can be used for driving generator 11 at least, and generator is fed the exciting current from exciter 12.Typical equipment includes many detectors, the like detector that is used for the temperature on these device diverse locations of MEASUREMENT OF STEAM turbine, generator and exciter, and the detector that is used for gaging pressure, vibration, speed, electric current, voltage, frequency, humidity etc.In the steam loop, also include many detectors that are used to monitor the chemical property of steam.
Equipment on its position location, comprise an input-output circuit 14 and one can be used for periodically scanning all detectors output signal, and can deposit some signal in go in the data working storage 18 data acquisition computer 16.
Because the data storage capacity on this equipment more or less will be subjected to some restrictions, therefore can only store given some the next signal of these detectors.According to standard test, can only store the detector signal that those have surpassed predetermined dead band.That is to say that if a detector signal, the numerical value that obtains in single pass was compared with last time scanning the numerical value of being stored, its variable quantity has surpassed a predetermined amount, and the signal of this detector just will be deposited in data-carrier store 18 so.
According to the present invention,, then store the signal of this detector in addition if the signal value of a detector surpasses some predetermined positive threshold level or negative sense threshold level; And, if necessary, also can store those signals that surpass predetermined variation rate limit.Here, the meaning of detector signal not only is meant the output signal of a single detector, and is meant that the predetermined combinations of some detector output signal, the mean value of n detector signal are exactly an example.
Transmitter receiver device with communication interface 20 expression is under the control of computing machine 16, and periodically the content in the data memory 18 is sent to a remote diagnostic center 30 and get on.For example, it may be per hour once that such periodicity sends, and in this case, all data of having gathered since last time send all will be sent out away.Yet, if the signal value of one or more detector has all surpassed threshold level or rate of change limit separately, that just will interrupt normal cycle router, so, will send the content in the data memory 18 immediately, so that when generating set was in the precarious position that is increasing, diagnostic center can be carried out instant express-analysis.
The predetermined dead band that surpasses it at the signal value of neither one detector, and the signal value of neither one detector surpasses under the situation of its predetermined threshold value level or rate of change limit, the transmission of these data still can be carried out, to indicate this system to work, only these data and transmission in last hour is identical.
Diagnostic center 30 comprises diagnostic center computing machine 32 and a long-term memory 34, and this memory has enough capacity, is enough to store whole or most of data of sending from all devices.Computing machine 32 can be used for finishing according to the receive diagnostic analysis that next data are carried out, and among an embodiment, can be equipped with the program of an expert system type.
Be access computer 32, can include an operator terminal 36, also can include one or more displays and a keyboard that is used for people's one machine dialogue control.
In this diagnostic center, provided a transmitter receiver device of representing with communication interface 38, it is under computing machine 32 control, receives from all equipment, the data of in its cycle separately, sending, and the data of from uncertain transmission, sending.Can pass through communication interface, diagnostic result and command information again foldback return each equipment, these results can show in the display of operating terminal 40.
In one embodiment, this communication interface can adopt the mode of modulator-demodular unit, thereby sets up data chainning by telephone wire commonly used.The data chainning that adopts other type also is possible, like via satellite from diagnostic center to equipment sending data, otherwise perhaps.When equipment and diagnostic center are in differently when big land, such satellite transmission more has its characteristic action.
Work of the present invention, we will be illustrated at the single detector of a hygrosensor form.With Fig. 2 its time dependent relation of temperature is described, Y axis Y representation temperature wherein, axis of abscissa is represented the time.
Suppose that this specific detector is one, and to have the ceiling temperature threshold value be that 60 ℃, lower limit temperature threshold value are 30 ℃ thermopair, wherein temperature is with degree centigrade representing.This detector has the rate of temperature change limit of 20 ℃ of per minutes and 1 ℃ dead band.
On basis with reference to figure 1, specific hereto detector, we suppose at time t.The temperature that before is stored in the data memory is 57.4 ℃.At t.When constantly scanning this detector, demonstrate 57.5 ℃ temperature.Because its difference only is 0.1 ℃, at t 0Temperature value constantly can not got up by storage for 57.5 ℃, because in this example, its difference does not surpass 1 ℃ of this dead band of presetting.By way of example, may be after 5 seconds, once scanning again, the output of reading this detector, what demonstrate is 58.1 ℃ temperature value.This temperature value is compared for 57.4 ℃ with the temperature value that last storage is got up, and the difference that is produced is 0.7 ℃, thereby also can not got up by storage.
At t 2Constantly, its temperature is 58.5 ℃, and 57.4 ℃ of the temperature values that stores with respect to the last time have 1.1 ℃ difference, thereby just this 58.5 ℃ temperature value and time t 2Store to data memory and gone for 18 li.Now, this temperature value of 58.5 ℃ just becomes the value for storage formerly of its subsequent reads number, at t 3Reading constantly is 59.2 ℃, only produces 0.7 ℃ difference, and its result any action can not take place.At t 4Constantly, its temperature is 60.5 ℃, and it is compared with 58.5 ℃ the temperature value that last storage is got up, and has produced 2 ℃ difference.Therefore 2 ℃ of dead bands that surpassed 1 ℃ will store this time and temperature value.In addition, at this moment surpassed 60 ℃ upper threshold, then will starting equipment and diagnostic center between data chainning, send all data in the memory 18 immediately, so that diagnostic center can be finished diagnostic analysis one time by means of computing machine 32.
Owing to surpassed threshold level, so data acquisition computer 16 just is provided with a new threshold level.For instance, establish this new threshold level and exceed 3 ℃, be made as 63 ℃ in other words than original threshold level.Moreover also be appreciated that, at t 4Constantly, obtain 60.5 ℃ temperature value, surpassed the rate of change limit of 20 ℃ of per minutes, also can indicate the data that send storage immediately.
At t sConstantly, owing to do not surpass the limit level, so any action can not take place; And at t 6Constantly, owing to surpassed 1 ℃ dead band, so just 62 ℃ temperature value and time t 6Stored.
At t 7Constantly, temperature value is 62.9 ℃, therefore also is that what action can not take place; And at t 8Constantly, temperature reaches 63.5 ℃, owing to surpassed the dead band, has also surpassed its second threshold level, therefore instructs the data of being stored to do instant the transmission to diagnostic center.In addition, data acquisition computer 16 specifies a threshold value than last setting to exceed 3 ℃ new threshold value limit level, 66 ℃ again.From t 8To t 9, temperature increase 0.5 ℃, so what the action can not take place; And at t 10Constantly, temperature reaches 65.2 ℃ owing to surpassed the dead band, so should the time and temperature value store.In addition, owing to surpassed the rate of change limit of 20 ℃ of per minutes,, send prestored message so the director data chain starts immediately.
Following form has provided the summary of the above-mentioned course of work.
Table
Newly deposit and whether surpass
The dead band threshold value limit of last storage changes
The temperature level rate limit of storage
The action of time-temperature temperature value difference value degree
t 057.5 57.4 0.1 57.4 denys (1)
t 158.1 57.4 0.7 57.4 denys (1)
t 258.5 whether 57.4 1.1 58.5 deny (2)
t 359.2 58.5 0.7 58.5 denys (1)
t 460.5 58.5 2.0 60.5 is (2) ⑶ ⑷
t 561.0 60.5 0.5 60.5 denys (1)
t 662.0 whether 60.5 1.5 62.0 deny (2)
t 72.9 62.0 0.9 62.0 denys (1)
t 863.5 62.0 1.5 63.5 (2) (3) (4) whether
t 964.0 63.5 0.5 63.5 denys ⑴
t 1065.2 whether 63.5 1.7 65.2 are (2) (3)
(1) any action is not done yet.
(2) waiting time and temperature value.
(3) start the data chainning of going to the diagnostic center.
(4) new limit level is set.
Since the situation that single hygrosensor temperature rises has been described, has so also just understood the principle that it is applied to temperature decline situation.Wherein only be, new, a lower limit level just to be set if surpassed an original lower limit level.Since a time dependent relation of hygrosensor has been described, the detector that so same principle also can apply to other gets on.These detectors can scan with the scan period in said 5 seconds among Fig. 2, also can scan with the cycle shorter or longer than 5 seconds.
Among Fig. 3, the operational flowchart of the data acquisition computer 16 on equipment 2 has been described.Operation by square frame 50, data acquisition computer 16 will scan the output of each detector, and to the necessary pre-service of these output signals dos, this pre-place surveys the signal of device and compares with the last numerical value of being stored, for certain specific detector, whether surpassed specified dead band.If determination block 52 is pointed out, surpassed, so just indicated according to square frame 54, the new numerical value of detector is stored in limited data memory 18.If do not surpass this dead band, indicated just as determination block 56 so, make a judgement, judge whether to have surpassed any diagnosis start-limiting.This limit level can be a threshold value limit level, also can be a rate of change limit, and is such as described above.The data that this process also will be stored according to the operating result as square frame 54 are carried out; Wherein,,, will check the data of being stored, whether surpass the limit level of diagnosis starting by determination block 56 if an equipment is not to be in warning one work (ALERT-ACTIVE) state just as indicated by determination block 58.
Whether determination block 60 is determined is arranged according to plan transmitting time now, such as per hour just; If not, then turn back to the A point again and repeat this process.If the predetermined time that sends, so just indicated as square frame 62, a communication chain is open to diagnostic center.If the result that square frame 56 is judged has surpassed the limit level of diagnosis starting, this communication chain also is open, in this case, indicated as square frame 64, will store the time and the numerical value of the one or more detectors that surpassed this limit level.
In case opened this communication chain, just indicated as square frame 66, will deliver to diagnostic center to all data of after last the transmission, being stored, analyze.If this equipment is in warning-work (ALERT-ACTIVE) state, so as the operating result of determination block 58, will be immediately as the operating result of square frame 54 and any new data of storing send.
In case finished diagnosis, diagnostic center can the information that is related to equipment state again foldback return this equipment, such as the operator should take which the action, make which the change, or the like.Correspondingly, square frame 68 guarantees and can receive the result of coming from diagnostic center any, shows on the operator terminal 40 of this equipment.
Fig. 4 represents the workflow diagram of diagnostic center computing machine 32.According to different device types and the distinct device of diagnosing, it is suitable diagnostic routine or primitive rule that square frame 80 will guarantee to preset for an expert system.Square frame 82 points out to receive the data of sending from an equipment, square frame 84 indications can be carried out diagnostic analysis.
By the operation of square frame 86, the data of the result of diagnostic analysis and this detector are all stored, and decision making by determination block 88, whether should preset the state of alert as analysis result.If result of determination is pointed out to preset the state of alert, square frame 90 will send an instruction, this equipment be placed the state of warning-work (ALERT-ACTIVE).If result of determination is not to preset the state of alert, square frame 92 will send an instruction, such as, place this equipment the OK(normal) state, perhaps place the CONCERN(connection) state.
Beginning, indicated just as square frame 94 in computing machine is built-in when halting function if indicate warning-work (ALERT-ACTIVE) state that is in, this timer is arranged on a certain preset time interval, such as 15 minutes.If do not indicate warning-work (ALERT-ACTIVE) state that is in, just as square frame 96 indication, timer zero setting.
Though the result that on diagnostic center, can obtain diagnosing, concerning its as a result foldback return this equipment, must authorize.Can be presented to a transmission position in this computer program and go; Therefore, if determination block 100 point out, for this particular device, put and decided to send the position or sent Q-character, so just can be indicated as square frame 102, diagnostic result is returned this equipment again.This transmission can not only comprise equipment state, as a diagnostic result, can send some instructions to changing some parameter, such as, the width in dead band, threshold value or rate of change limit.Its analysis result may be pointed out, should send more data, in this case, can narrow down the dead band, perhaps reduces start-limiting.On the contrary, if diagnostic result points out in fact there is not what fault, and the data of sending are too many, can widen the dead band so, and improve start-limiting.
If, do not put the transmission Q-character, be noted that so that before sending suitable instruction the personnel on the diagnostic center will do further to check to some item for certain specific equipment.No matter be which kind of situation, determination block 104 is all checked timer, judges whether this timer is zero.If timer is zero setting, perhaps reduce to zero by the original numerical value of putting, so just indicated as square frame 106, disconnect communication chain with this equipment.If timer is not zero, just determine whether from this equipment, to have received new data by determination block 108, if received, by by the indicated setting timer of square frame 110, making communication chain is to keep opening at least during another 15 minutes.If never receive any new data, just can reduce this timer by the operation of square frame 112, if in 15 minutes time durations, never receive any new data, timer will be reduced to zero, in this case, will disconnect communication chain with this equipment.
Therefore, we have described a diagnostic system, wherein include a diagnostic center for the diagnosis and analysis device of complexity, and it can be analyzed the one or more process devices that are positioned at whole country or All Around The World region. Each equipment will have a comparatively cheap data gathering system, be used for making predetermined periodicity to diagnostic center and send. According to the appearance of some state, will interrupt this cycle transmission, in order to finish the instant transmission of some data, like this, data are sent and diagnostic process when cutting to bone, for each equipment, still can provide exactly, in time diagnosis. Diagnostic center can remote control change any transmission cycle that has made, and some other parameter, and like dead band and start-limiting are in order that give not only flexible but also concentrated transmission control to this system.

Claims (15)

1, a diagnostic system, be used for process of monitoring on first position location, this process comprises the detector of a plurality of generations and this process duty output signal related, this diagnostic system includes, be positioned at the first data-storing device of above-mentioned first position location, be positioned at first calculation element of above-mentioned first position location, this device can carry out periodic scan to the output signal of above-mentioned detector, and with those and last time scanning comparison, the signal that numerically demonstrates predetermined difference value has surpassed the signal of predetermined threshold value separately with those, deposit in the above-mentioned first data-storing device, also include away from the diagnostic center on second position location of above-mentioned first position location and second calculation element and the second data-storing device that can carry out diagnostic analysis, the invention is characterized in, the first transmitter receiver device under above-mentioned first calculation element control, in the fixed time cycle, content with the above-mentioned first data-storing device, through data chainning, sending to above-mentioned diagnostic center gets on, and no matter when, as long as a signal has surpassed its predetermined threshold, just in not pre-determined a period of time, foregoing is sent, above-mentioned diagnostic center includes the second transmitter receiver device, this device is under above-mentioned second calculation element control, the data that reception is sent here from above-mentioned first position location, so that second calculation element can be carried out above-mentioned diagnostic analysis, in addition, the above-mentioned second transmitter receiver device also can be used for, through above-mentioned data chainning, with the object information of above-mentioned analysis again foldback return the first transmitter receiver device, the above-mentioned first transmitter receiver device also can be used to receive the information that it sends.
2, according to the system described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that, this system includes on above-mentioned first position location, be used for showing the display device of received transmission information, and wherein above-mentioned first calculation element and second calculation element are made of first computer installation and second computer installation respectively.
3, according to the system described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that,, just send the content in the above-mentioned first data-storing device in case the situation that a detector signal surpasses a predetermined threshold level occurs.
According to the system described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that 4, when surpassing original threshold level, above-mentioned first calculation element can be specified a new threshold level.
5, according to the described system of any one claim in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that,, just send the content in the above-mentioned first data-storing device in case the situation that a detector signal surpasses a predetermined variation rate limit occurs.
According to the system described in the claim 5, it is characterized in that 6, above-mentioned rate of change limit is greater than above-mentioned predetermined difference value.
According to the described system of any one claim in the claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that 7, above-mentioned first calculation element according to the instruction from above-mentioned second calculation element, can be used for changing above-mentioned predetermined difference value.
8, according to the described system of any one claim in the claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that,, then in the cycle, keep data chainning open at one section preset time if the result of above-mentioned diagnostic analysis points out a kind of abnormality.
9, the system described in according to Claim 8 is characterized in that, the predetermined period of time that above-mentioned maintenance data chainning is open is shorter than the time cycle between the content that sends according to plan in the above-mentioned first data-storing device for twice.
10, according to Claim 8 or the system described in 9, it is characterized in that in the open predetermined period of time of above-mentioned maintenance data chainning, if do not send any new data, then above-mentioned data chainning device stops automatically.
According to the system described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that 11, the result that above-mentioned judgement is analyzed before foldback goes back to above-mentioned first position location, at first shows on above-mentioned second position location.
12, according to the described system of any one claim in the claim 1 to 11, it is characterized in that, said process is a power generation process, and this process includes a generator, an exciter and a steam turbine that is used to drive this generator that is used for presenting to this generator exciting current at least.
13, according to the system described in the claim 12, it is characterized in that this system comprises a plurality of be used to the measure detector of above-mentioned generator duty, a plurality of detector and a plurality of detectors that are used to measure above-mentioned steam turbine duty that are used to measure above-mentioned exciter duty.
According to the described system of any one claim in the claim 1 to 13, it is characterized in that 14, this system includes one or more other position locations away from above-mentioned diagnostic center, each above-mentioned other position location comprises: the data-storing device; Computer installation, this device is the output signal of scan detector periodically, and those and scanning last time relatively, is numerically demonstrated the signal of predetermined difference value and those have surpassed the signal of predetermined threshold separately, deposits in its data-storing device; And transmitter receiver device, this device is under the control of aforementioned calculation machine, in the fixed time cycle, content with above-mentioned data-storing device, by data chainning, send to above-mentioned diagnostic center and get on, and no matter when, as long as a signal surpasses its predetermined threshold, just in not pre-determined a period of time, foregoing is sent.
15, be used to monitor the diagnostic system of a process, its constitute and scope of application cardinal principle as previously mentioned, and illustrated with reference to accompanying drawing.
CN 85101123 1985-04-01 1985-04-01 Diagnostic system and method Expired CN1007757B (en)

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