CN86102917A - 释出必要的纯尼古丁的烟草成分方法和装置 - Google Patents

释出必要的纯尼古丁的烟草成分方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN86102917A
CN86102917A CN198686102917A CN86102917A CN86102917A CN 86102917 A CN86102917 A CN 86102917A CN 198686102917 A CN198686102917 A CN 198686102917A CN 86102917 A CN86102917 A CN 86102917A CN 86102917 A CN86102917 A CN 86102917A
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斯文·埃里克·伦纳特·尼尔森
间·埃弗特·利尔贾
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24BMANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24BMANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/28Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
    • A24B15/42Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic and inorganic substances
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24FSMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F42/00Simulated smoking devices other than electrically operated; Component parts thereof; Manufacture or testing thereof
    • A24F42/10Devices with chemical heating means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24FSMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/20Devices using solid inhalable precursors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24FSMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/50Control or monitoring

Abstract

本发明包括新颖烟草成分,它可在加热到低于烟草燃烧温度时释出必要的纯尼古丁,也包括从这种烟草成分中释出尼古丁的方法以及实施这种方法的装置。

Description

本发明是关于烟草成分和从烟草成分中释出必要的纯尼古丁的不燃方法以及实施这种方法的装置。
目前,普遍承认吸烟是健康的一大危害,尽管少吸或不吸可以降低这种危害,但吸烟者要这样做却十分困难。这是因为他们对尼古丁产生了依赖性。在认为尼古丁是吸烟的一个危险因素的同时,也应看到在烟草燃烧过程所形成的物质中还存在其他更加危险的因素,诸如一氧化碳、焦油物、乙炔和氰氢酸。
消除尼古丁以外的危险因素的某种方法已为美国专利4284089号所公布。根据该项专利,当空气通过一个内贮尼古丁混合物的处理吸收器的装置时,纯尼古丁气化物就被吸收。尼古丁混合物可以以包括尼古丁(d),尼古丁(1),尼古丁(d,1),尼古丁盐和尼古丁酯等物质组群中选出。
美国4141369号和4219032号专利公布了不燃利用烟草的装置。这些装置在设计上不同于本发明的装置。此外,没有给出当气体为这些装置吸入时,所吸收的尼古丁的数量和纯度。
本发明的第一目的是提供一种新颖烟草成分,它在吸入的空气通过的,释出必要的纯尼古丁。
第二个目的是提供一种从新颖烟草成分中释出必要的纯尼古丁的不燃方法。
第三个目的是提供一种从新颖烟草成分中释出必要的纯尼古丁的不燃方法。根据该方法,在吸入时达到与吸烟时的烟草数量和比率相同的尼古丁的释出。
第四个目的是提供一种从新颖烟草成分中释出必要的纯尼古丁的方法。该方法仅要求缓和上升的温度,从而基本避免任何热分解物的形成。
第五个目的是提供一种从新颖烟草成分中吸入尼古丁的装置。
第六个目的是提供一种尼古丁释出物。它能以目前用于烟草产品的基本相同的方法进行处理。处理方法轻巧简便,并包括内贮新颖烟草成分的装置。
本发明涉及新颖烟草成分。当空气(如为吸入目的)通过此烟草成分时释出必要的纯尼古丁。该烟草成分的主要构成包括烟草,水和一种碱性物质。另外,还可任选一些油类,净化剂和/或香料加入其中。
本发明还关于从这些烟草成分中释出必要的纯尼古丁的不燃方法它包括把含有任选的油类,净化剂和/或香料的烟草材料同水和溶解在水中的碱性物混合起来的步骤。当空气通过烟草成分时,所含成分经加热达到的温度须低于烟草燃烧的温度,但该温度应满足尼古丁的释出,其数量和比率应与吸烟时类似。
根据本发明,释出和处理尼古丁的装置包括一个配有出入口(12,36)的容器(11,31)的接收装置(10,30),以便诸如包含尼古丁的新颖烟草这样的填料进入。该装置还包括一个连接以上接收容器出口(12,36)的接口(19,32)。该装置的特点在于,如热部件(14,40,46,47,49,50)与上述接收容器相连,并可由人工操作以在上述容器(11,31)内产生热量;其特点还在于具有使接收容器内的温度限制在低于填料燃烧温度的预定值的装置(17,41)。根据本发明,烟草成分是由烟草,水和碱性物基本构成的混合物。加入烟草的水可为日常饮用水。在烟草和水混和之前,最好将碱性物放在水中溶解或分散。烟草成分所含的水也可以是含盐水或热敏微囊含水盐可以是苏打或沸石。此外,也包括熟石灰(如一水氧化钙,二水氧化钙或六水氧化钙等);焦磷酸钠,如Na4P2O710H2O,Na4P2O76H2O。或正磷酸纳,如Na2HPO47H2O或Na2HPO412H2O包含在含水盐和微囊中的“干”水在本发明所要求的温度上升时分解,从而取得稀湿的含碱烟草成分,该成分能够在吸入时释出尼古丁,其数量和比率与吸烟时所取得的类似。
要取得特佳效果可使用十水碳酸纳(Na2CO310H2O)。该盐类在其包含的水量不必增加游离水的同时又提供了须达到所要求的PH值的碱性物。为吸取尼古丁的实际数量,即与吸烟时相同的数量,按本发明所要求的烟草成分的PH值应超过7。PH值超过8更好,最好是超过88。看来不必要使用高于12的PH值,并且对普通烟草没有必要使用具有高于10的PH值的成分。然而,PH值的上限可以分别,并根据口味,应释出的尼古丁和其他精通工艺的人们所悉知的参数加以决定。
从上所述,为达到尼古丁释出的满意效果,一定量的水是必需的。还应相应指出,烟草所含水量为烟草的5%至25%(重量/重量)之间,显然,为与上述PH值有关的同样理由,按照本发明,烟草成分的水量可以在一个较大范围内变动。烟草成分中的水量在0.25克水/克普通烟草至7克水/克普通烟草,最好在1克水/克普通烟草至5克水/克普通烟草之间变动,尼古丁的释出就可取得良好效果。目前,在约3克水/克普通烟草时,可以取得最佳效果。除苏打之外,碱性物还可从大量不同的物质中选择。当然,这些物质应是无毒,并且最好无味或可口。按照本发明,加入烟草成分的其他合适的碱性物质可以是碳酸盐或氢氧化纳,钾或钙。
为进一步体现其特点,按照本发明,烟草成分可掺合各种附加物。这些附加物包括油类(如硅油、石蜡油),净化剂(象聚氧化乙烯、乙醚,如Brij或Tween类)和香料(如薄荷醇、茴香)。
本发明还包括为吸入的目的从烟草中释出必要的纯尼古丁的方法。该方法包括把含有任选的油类,净化剂和/或香料成分的烟草原料同水和溶解在水中的碱性物混和起来以及对烟草成分加热的步骤。其加热温度应满足于实际数量尼古丁的释出,但应低于烟草燃烧的温度。如前所述,水可以是含水盐或热敏微囊,而且水和碱性物也可任选一种物质来提供,如苏打。
从上所述,尼古丁的实际数量与吸烟者吸烟时所吸取的数量相同。为在所用成分中取得该数量,所需温度能为简单的实验决定。一般说来,所需温度在30~200℃,最好是在50至100℃之间变动。使用的温度处在70至80℃之间则可取得最佳效果。为迅速达到所需温度,一开始就把烟草成分置于较高温度下较为合适。当烟草成分中的水以结合水存在时,游离水会通过加热而释放。
以下实验说明尼古丁从本发明的烟草成分中释出:
按照本发明,烟草成分填塞在玻璃小管,它由浸泡在2毫升的呈饱和水状的碳酸纳溶液内的1克烟草组成。未经加工的烟草用来作对照。用一个注射器以50毫升/3至4秒的速率把空气注入每个小管,然后所释出的尼古丁收集在碳酸溶液中。UV吸收测量法测量必要的纯尼古丁的释出量。
取得的效果见下:
烟草成分    温度℃    所释放的尼古丁毫克/1升空气
按照本发明    35    0.05至0.10
按照本发明    55    约0.50
按照本发明    75    约2.20
未经加工    75    约0.03
尼古丁的生物效力,即血浆尼古丁标准经上述玻璃小管吸入空气之后在65℃至75℃分别进行观察。试验人员或已戒烟,或在试验前十二小时未吸入尼古丁。
以下为取得的血浆最高值:
温度℃    血浆尼古丁毫微克/毫升
65    5
75    10至15
从上述烟草成分中释出和处理尼古丁的装置应遵循两项重要的要求。其一,它必须能够产生热量,其温度低于填料,即烟草成分的燃烧温度。其二,它必须是小型的,携带和使用均为方便,其大小和形式最好与香烟烟嘴或烟斗大致相同,就是说,它所具有的外形为吸烟者所习惯。
从所附图纸中,可见合适装置的实例。图1是设计成“香烟”烟嘴,和“香烟”一起的透视图。它在此规定本发明的结构,形式多少象通常的香烟,干管有无纸、塑料或其他类似的外包物。图2、3、4是图1,装置不同设计的剖面图。图5是类似烟斗的装置剖面图。
在图1中,本发明的装置,其外形象香烟烟嘴(30),是一圆形容器(31)。烟嘴(30)一端开口,其大小正好使一无过滤嘴的香烟(33)完全插入,并且摩擦适当。在相反一端,烟嘴有一接口(32)。该装置基本上与通常的香烟烟嘴无甚差别。
该装置(30)也可采用许多不同的具体实施以达到发明的目的。根据图2,开口(31)的圆周壁和外壁(34)限定它们中间的一个环形截面的空间,其长度与“香烟”(33)相当。开口(31)一端远离插入端,它通过限制“香烟”(33)插入长度的支座(37)并入另一减缩截面的开口(36)。处在边壁(34,35)之间的环形通道在支座(37)和接口(32)之间稍稍增大,获得空间,以便在内安装电池(39)。电池(39)通过一开关(未表明)与绕在限定开口(31)的边壁上的加热线圈相连。连接电池(39)和加热线圈(40)的导线(未表明)与具有温度传感器(41)的线路相接。该线路最好装有预定最大或最小温度的装置(未表明)。在按照图2使用烟嘴的过程中,应把“香烟”(33)放进开口(31)内,然后启动开关(未表明),使电流通过加热线圈,以便为容器(31)内的“香烟”(33)加热。当达到预定的最高温度时,传感器(41)便使电池(39)断开;当处于最低温度时,它又重新使电池接通。容器(31)内的温度通过图示装置保持在所需温度的狭小范围内。图纸仅图解式地表明装置的主要部分,而诸如开关,引线等均未表明。这是因为该装置在发明的范围内可以通过多种不同的途径进行修改。详细的具体实施可以是不同的,而这些未经表明的装置在工艺上是普通的。
图3说明本发明的另一具体实施,它以一个气体燃烧装置取代电加热装置,从而处在边壁(34和35)之间的容器(42)通过一个普通排放阀(45)(如打火机上所使用的型号)而被注满气体。在边壁之间,还有一个容器(43),配有点火装置,其型号与一般打火机使用的相同。两个容器由隔板(44)分开。在隔板上装有控制气体流入容器(43)〔然后流入材料(48)〕的流动控制阀(46)。边壁(34、35)之间的其余空间到香烟插口填入合适的为气体可渗入的不燃材料。为此目的,可利用适当设计的不同的陶瓷材料或十分简单合适的恒温高表面积组合材料,如玻璃纤维(微粒或细片),玻璃砖、玻璃棉等。处于边壁(34,35)之间的空间在香烟插入一端是封闭的,但它有透气口(53),以便吸入空气和氧气,使气体燃烧并排出。使用装置的这一具体实施时,“香烟”(33)如同前面的情况一样插入容器(31),然后,气体如需要就可通过阀门(45)进入容器(42)。气体通过阀门(46)流入具有点火装置(47)的容器(43)。点火时用手工操作。热气顺着容器(31)通过气体渗透材料(48)和开口(53)进入环境气氛。容器(31)内温度可通过阀门(46)调节。该阀门可控制单位时间内流经阀门的气体流量。温度也可通过材料(48)的溶解和气体渗透性因素调节。如果气体渗透材料(48)是陶瓷的,就可能预先选择每个单位面积孔隙的数目和尺寸,并且决定气体流入和通过的速率以及气体渗透率,因此也获得温度的最大值,从而免除了温度的单独控制。只要容器(42)内有气体,所需最小温度可通过抽吸的比率和数量来保持。如果使用其他气体渗透材料,则温度控制就不是内在固定的,从而需要单独控制温度的装置。如果使用的气体渗透材料是催化的或非催化的,并且全部或部分自动点火,那么就不需要任何点火装置。但是,如果气体渗透材料不能自动点火,则需要点火装置。
图4说明本发明装置的一个十分简单的具体实施。它里面所需的热量是由贮存在边壁(34,35)之间的容器内的两种液体(49,50)所产生。这两种液体由隔板(51)隔开,并从能够在互相混合时产生热量的一组液体中选出。依图4所示的装置,其包括开口(31)的部件首先来回弯曲,导致由易碎材料组成的隔板(51)破碎,使液体(49,50)混合,产生所需热量。当然,“香烟”也可在边壁(51)破碎前插入。该具体实施中的接口(32)尺寸很小,通过开口(52)使空气进入尼古丁也同样要流经的开口(36),而使尼古丁在进入口腔前得到冷却。
由于上述装置由合适的绝热材料制成,因此,处在边缘的接口(32)不会太热而感到不舒适。
图5说明发明装置的一个具有烟斗外形(10)的具体实施。它由木料或任何其他合适材料制成。和通常一样,它有一杯形空腔,邻接其底部的地方有气体出口(12)和空气入口(13)。空气入口(13)也可以安装在烟斗(10)顶部表面盖板(15)上。沿着其侧面和底部空腔(11)有一加热装置(14),如加热线圈。该加热线圈通过包括人工操作开关和与传感器(41)同样动作的传感器(未表明)的电路(17)同电池(16)相连。电池通过螺旋接线柱(18)保持在适当位置。烟斗柄(19)经丝扣部分(20)与烟斗(10)相连。图5所示装置除在接收器(11)内装散烟草,而不是“香烟”的情况之外,功能与图2装置基本相同。
勘误表
Figure 86102917_IMG1

Claims (22)

1、当空气流经烟草并在上升温度低于烟草燃烧温度时,为吸入的目的,从烟草成分中释出必要的实际数量的纯尼古丁的烟草成分;此烟草成分的特征包括烟草、水和碱性物的混合料,并可选择性地加入一些油类,净化剂和/或香料。
2、依照权利要求1的烟草成分;其特征是其中的水份是以含水盐形式存在。
3、依照权利要求1或2的烟草成分其特征是含水盐从苏打和沸石群中选出。
4、依照权利要求3的烟草成分,其特征是水和碱性物是十水碳酸纳(Na2CO310H2O)。
5、依照权利要求4的烟草成分,其特征是烟草成分的PH值超过7,最好超过8、8。
6、依照权利要求1~3中任何一项的烟草成分,其特征是碱性物从碳酸盐,氢氧化纳,钾和钙组群中选出。
7、依照上述任一权利要求的烟草成分,其特征是水量为0.25克~7克,最好是1克水/克烟草到5克水/克烟草。
8、依照权利要求1的烟草成分,其特征是水的形状是热敏微囊
9、从烟草成分中释出必要的纯尼古丁的方法,其特征包括含有油类,净化剂和/或香料的烟草材料同水和在水中溶解或分散的碱性物混和的步骤,也包括空气通过烟草成分时,为吸入的目的,从烟草成分中释出必要的纯尼古丁所需要的加热步骤,此烟草成分加热后温度须低于烟草燃烧温度。
10、依照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是温度在30~200℃最好在50~100℃之间变动,加热前的水应是含水盐,如苏打成沸石,通过加热释出水分。
11、释出和处理呈气态状的尼古丁的装置,其特征包括具有接收器(11,31)的接收装置(10,30),配有出入口(12,36),可使含有尼古丁的填料进入,还配有与上述接收器的出口(12,36)相连的接口(19,32),具有加热部件(14,40,48,49,50)与上述接收器(11,31)相连的特点,所采纳的加热部件在上述容器(11,31)中产生热量;其本身或辅助的温度控制装置(17,41)选作或用来限定接收器(11,31)内的温度,其预定值低于填料的燃烧温度。
12、依照权利要求11所要求的装置,其特征是加热部件(40)是由与电池(39)相连的加热线圈组成,它装配在限定接收器(31)的边壁内。
13、依照权利要求11所要求的装置,其特征是加热部件(46,47)由一个具有点火器(47)的气体燃烧器组成,点火器用来给从气体容器(42)通过控制阀(46)流向与环境气氛相连,邻近接收器(31)的由气体渗透材料(48)组成的通道(43)的气体点火。
14、依照权利要求13所要求的装置,其特征是气体渗透材料(48)由催燃填料组成。
15、依照权利要求13所要求的装置,其特征是气体渗透材料(48)包括矿物棉。
16、依照权利要求11所要求的装置,其特征是加热部件包括贮存两种液体(49,50)的容器,此容器为热绝隔板(51)隔开,液体从一组能在混合时产生热量的液体中选出。
17、依照权利要求16所要求的装置,其特征是液体(49,50)包括氯化锂和水。
18、依照权利要求16所要求的装置,其特征是温度限制装置包括与电池(39)相连的温度传感器(41)。
19、依照权利要求13所要求的装置,其特征是处在气体容器(42)和通道(43)之间的控制阀(46)构成温度限制装置。
20、依照权利要求16所要求的装置,其特征是液体体积的比值构成温度限制装置。
21、依照权利要求11~20中任何一项所要求的装置,其特征是接口(32)有微小穿孔(52)。
22、依照权利要求11~21中任何一项所要求的装置,其特征是加热部件(14,40,48,49,50)须经手工操作来产生热量。
CN198686102917A 1984-11-01 1986-04-30 释出必要的纯尼古丁的烟草成分方法和装置 Pending CN86102917A (zh)

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US4776353A (en) 1988-10-11
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CA1259181A (en) 1989-09-12
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