DE102005006613A1 - Device for coupling a signal transmission and / or signal receiving unit to a power supply line - Google Patents

Abstract

Described and illustrated is a device (10) for coupling a signal transmission and / or signal receiving unit (11) to a medium or high voltage supply line (12) by means of a coupler (15), in particular by means of an inductive coupler, for transmitting electrical signals via the power supply line wherein the signal transmitting and / or signal receiving unit is spaced from the coupler. DOLLAR A The special feature is that in the line path between the signal transmitting and / or signal receiving unit (11) and the coupler (15), in the immediate vicinity of the coupler, an active electronic component (16) is arranged.

Description

The The invention relates to a device for coupling a signal transmission and / or signal receiving unit to a power supply line by means of a coupler according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such a device of the applicant is from the DE 102 46 261 A1 the applicant known.

The Known device uses a coupler as an inductive coupler in the form of a substantially annular element made of ferromagnetic, and according to the state the technique of amorphous or nanocrystalline, ferromagnetic Material exists. The invention particularly relates to devices, who use such a coupler. It also concerns devices, where the coupler of another ferromagnetic material is formed. Furthermore, the invention also relates to devices, use the capacitive couplers.

The Signal transmission or signal receiving unit is commonly referred to as Modem referred to, this term in the following identical to the term signal transmission or signal receiving unit is used. A modem can receive data in the form of electrical signals by means of the coupler on the power supply line, i. on this line pair up and alike on the power supply line signals from this Decouple the cable. Preferably, the invention relates to a device for coupling a modem to a power supply line, which is able to transmit bidirectional signals. The term "coupling" within the meaning of the present Patent application is intended both possible signal line directions include.

The transfer of data over Voltage or power supply lines between modems will too referred to as Powerline Communication (PLC). To get high PLC transfer rates achieve a number of signal modulation methods are known. It is important that data is transmitted in a broadband frequency range, because the bandwidth is a measure of the amount Information is on the power supply line per unit of time can be coupled.

The mentioned at the beginning Apparatus of the prior art has already in multiple Respects proven in the field. However, there is a need the transmission characteristics the known device to improve.

The The object of the invention is therefore the known device develop such that with her an improved data transmission is possible.

The Invention solves This object with the features of claim 1, in particular with those of the license plate part, and is accordingly characterized in that in the conduction path between the signal transmission and / or signal receiving unit and the coupler, in the immediate vicinity of the coupler, an active one electronic component is arranged.

The The principle of the invention is thus essentially the coupler in its immediate vicinity to assign an active electronic component. It should be noted that that the modem is typically spaced relatively far from the coupler is arranged so that from the modem to the coupler or in the reverse Direction to convey Signals a line path of several meters, typically from five meters or more have to.

The geometric situation of the cable routes is for example in the case a power supply line designed as a medium voltage line due to the fact that in a transformer station a medium voltage cell is arranged structurally from the rest of the transformer station is separated in a certain way and within the for security reasons or for accessibility reasons no Modem may be arranged. The modem itself is therefore always outside the medium voltage cell but within the transformer station in a low-voltage area that is easily accessible, arranged.

A medium-voltage cell or medium-voltage switchgear typically comprises a busbar and separating devices, in particular load disconnectors, fuse load disconnectors and line switches. Depending on the structural design of the medium-voltage cell, the impedances which the coupler or the modem sees differ considerably on site. Measurements made by the applicant have shown that completely different impedance values are measured, depending on whether it is air-insulated, air-solid-insulated or SF6 switchgear and whether voltage indicators are provided or not. Furthermore, the decisive for the coupler or for the modem, that is to say effective impedances of the medium-voltage system or the power supply network are also highly frequency-dependent and can vary dynamically, for example between 5 and 200 ohms. This is particularly unfavorable if many are constantly Frequencies are used, that is, especially when broadband signals are to be transmitted.

A Adjustment of the impedances, for example by arranging a functional unit close of the modem offers, as the invention recognizes, a number disadvantages, as a result of the long line between modem and Coupler of several meters takes into account the line impedances Need to become. Instead, it is much more effective according to the invention, the active electronic component in the immediate vicinity of the coupler to arrange.

The active electronic device is to improve the data transmission characteristics of the Coupler provided and offers the possibility of constant impedance of the modem, for example of the order of 50 ohms, the variable impedance of the medium voltage switchgear, which depends on the type of medium-voltage switchgear is and which is also frequency-dependent, adapt. The adaptation can advantageously also automatically respectively.

While one alternative impedance matching on site by manual measurement and the corresponding manual connection of electronic components, like resistances, possible can, by providence of an active electronic component the impedance matching of the output side of the modem to the network impedance of the power supply network automatically, that is without the requirement of manual intervention, e.g. controlled by a μ-controller, respectively.

Of Furthermore, the active electronic component provides the opportunity ready to equalize the phase response of the signals, for example by means of a feedback to an amplifier possible is. This can be a broadband acting adaptation of the modem the impedance of the medium voltage cell take place and at the same time one targeted damping be achieved by resonance phenomena. Inadequacies of the frequency response, especially in a frequency range between 1 and 70 MHz with the device according to the invention almost complete be compensated.

There is also now the possibility of the Coupler itself with a ferromagnetic core weaker dimensioning form, which material savings, while at the same time increased capacity the transmission, from 50 to 70% possible become. Also could EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) Limit values are readily adhered to as having a total of quite low power the signals on the power supply line could be coupled.

The Achieving an impedance matching and a phase-gated equalization as previously described within the meaning of the invention only possible when the device is placed in the immediate vicinity of the coupler is. A typical cable length to consider the active electronic component and the coupler is for example 2 up to 3 cm. Routes of several meters come due to a then arising approximation of cable lengths to the for the authoritative Frequency range relevant wavelengths out of the question, since here resonance phenomena and large characteristic impedances one Role-play. The desired technical effects can therefore can not be achieved if the active electronic component far from the coupler and e.g. is located near the modem.

The Routes between the modem and the coupler are in devices The prior art is typically relatively long, at least 3 m. Accordingly, the device should be spaced from the modem, preferably be arranged close to the coupler. Theoretically conceivable are at narrowband transmission rates in a certain frequency range also maximum distances of the Component to the coupler of 1 m, in unfavorable starting situations even from 1.5 m. However, the immediately adjacent one is preferred Arrangement of the device made on the coupler, so that actually only a few cm line path are provided.

The Active electronic component preferably further comprises a Amplifier, so that the output side behind the amplifier as short as possible line path to the coupler exists. This allows the amplifier directly into the power grid level off.

When active electronic component is called such an element, which in contrast to a passive electronic component a own supply voltage needed. The power consumption of the active electronic component is thereby preferably only a few watts, for example 3 watts.

The Active electronic component can have different building units or have functional units. This includes passive and active functional units into consideration. It is essential that the component at least one active assembly, e.g. an amplifier that owns to the operation a supply voltage required. With that you can the desired technical effects are achieved in an optimal way.

Of course, the invention also includes such devices, in which in direktba Rer near the coupler several active electronic components are arranged.

According to one advantageous embodiment of the invention, the device has a Impedance converter on. this makes possible a modem in case of data transmission from the modem to the power supply line facing constant impedance.

Of the Impedance converter can be designed as a passive circuit and Be part of the active electronic component. advantageously, the active electronic component is also assigned an amplifier, wherein the impedance transformer in the conduction path from the modem to the power supply line in front of the amplifier is arranged. The impedance converter can also be used for an im Provide substantially constant input impedance of the amplifier.

According to one Another embodiment of the invention, the device comprises a device for phasing equalization. This allows in particular for phase-relevant Modulation method, for example, in the OFDM (Orthogonal frequency Division modulation) method an attenuation, smoothing or equalization of the Phase response, especially if phase jumps occur. The OFDM method envisages a multitude of closely adjacent carrier frequencies, the one orthogonality of the phases. But in a pipe network can easily Forming resonant circuits, so that resonances occur when phase jumps occur. In the apparatus of the prior art, therefore, arise entirely problematic frequency responses. The device for Phasangangentzerrung can counteract this and the phase responses equalize. Possible If this is e.g. through a feedback an output signal of the amplifier to an input of an amplifier. This surprisingly leads to a resonance damping, wherein an automatic adaptation to the phase characteristic takes place.

When phase-relevant modulation method is thereby every signal transmission method denotes, in addition to the amplitudes and the phases of the signals play a role.

The The invention further relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 4.

These Invention is also based on the aforementioned device of the prior art.

The Object of this invention is the known device develop such that with her an improved data transmission is possible.

The Invention solves This object with the features of claim 4, in particular with those of the license plate part and is accordingly characterized in that in the conduction path between the signal transmission and / or signal receiving unit and the coupler, in the immediate vicinity of the coupler, an active one electronic component is arranged, which is an impedance converter and a means for phase-equalization.

The The principle of the invention is essentially that an active electronic component with an impedance converter and a device arranged to Phasengangentzerrung immediately adjacent to the coupler is. Impedance matching problems and phase jumps, which also due to the long lines between modem and coupler in the device of the prior art, the transmission characteristics can affect adversely to be avoided.

Incidentally, will to avoid repetition of the previously described features and their appreciation, also for the purpose of reference.

According to one Another advantageous embodiment of the invention is the impedance converter of a passive circuit formed. This takes into account that, for example using a reducer (T-network) the function of an impedance conversion of one no operating voltage required Function unit fulfilled can be. As an impedance converter, for example, a matching transformer (Balun), in the simplest case a transformer, or alternatively a Pi filter, also known as the Collins filter, into consideration.

alternative The impedance converter can also be formed by an active circuit be. For this purpose, for example, a transistor as part of the Circuit can be used.

According to one Another embodiment of the invention, the means for phase equalization an amplifier on. This makes it clear that the device is part of the electronic component requires an operating voltage. An amplifier offers the possibility a particularly simple circuit and construction to achieve the Phase equalization, since the amplifier has a feedback branch can be provided. The feedback branch connects the output of the amplifier with its input, creating a loop or loop. As a result, the phase response can be rectified in a simple manner.

According to one Another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the amplifier is fed back or counter-coupled. This makes the phase-gated equalization extra special achieved in a simple way. The term "feedback" will be interchangeable with the following Term "negative feedback" used.

According to one Another embodiment of the invention is a negative feedback unit for negative feedback of the amplifier intended. This can, for example, the input side with an output of the amplifier and be connected on the output side to an input of the amplifier.

According to one further embodiment of the invention, the amplifier has at least a transistor on. this makes possible the use of conventional, inexpensive and permanently functioning components.

According to one further embodiment of the invention, the component is at most 1 m away from the coupler. This is taken into account possibly occurring resonances in the itself from the frequency transmission range calculating wavelengths. The distance of 1 m is under normal circumstances too far, but under special circumstances circumstances, namely when only narrowband frequency ranges of smaller frequencies are transmitted to be, still tolerable. Finally, in extreme make Also, a distance of up to 1.5 m between the device and the Coupler conceivable. These extreme situations, which are still considered to be the Invention belongs to be considered, however, represent deteriorated embodiments However, they are still reasonable if the distance between the coupler and the modem is many meters and only special Frequency ranges for the signal transmission should be used.

ever wider for signal transmission frequency range used and the higher the frequencies involved are, the closer the active device must be arranged on the coupler.

Further Preferably, the active electronic device is closer than 5 cm arranged on the coupler. Preferably, conduction paths from about 2 to 3 cm distance between the active electronic Component provided and the coupler. Only with such short cable routes of a few cm, especially less than 10 cm, are the advantages the active electronic component can be used in its entirety.

According to one In another embodiment of the invention, the coupler has a housing, wherein the device is the housing assigned. The active electronic component is thus fixed relative to the housing arranged, and is located immediately near the housing. In order to is a manageable unit created that the device and includes the coupler.

According to one Another embodiment of the invention, the device is within of the housing. this makes possible a particularly compact design that takes into account that the active electronic Component has only very small dimensions. A common casing for the coupler and the device facilitates handling. Preferably the housing also associated with a connector unit that has a cable side Connection for the modem allows.

According to one Another embodiment of the invention, the coupler is an inductive Coupler. this makes possible a high quality the data transmission.

According to one Another embodiment of the invention, the coupler is an annular, the power supply line encompassing element of ferromagnetic Material. This consists, for example, of two parts of the clam, as in the aforementioned Description of the prior art described at the power supply line fastened, and in the assembled state one in particular with an insulated enclosure embrace the provided power supply line.

According to one Another embodiment of the invention, the device via a Switch connected to the signal transmitting and / or signal receiving unit. Another switch, the device can directly or indirectly connect to the coupler. This embodiment of the invention allows different Switch positions, e.g. allow adjustment of the direction of signal transmission, depending on whether the signal transmission and / or signal reception unit in Send mode or in receive mode works.

Further Advantages of the invention will become apparent from the non-cited subclaims and on the basis of the following description of several in the drawings illustrated embodiments. Show:

1 in a very schematic block diagram-like view of a power supply line and a modem, which can couple via a device according to the invention with an active electronic component and a coupler signals to the power supply line,

2 A first embodiment of the device according to the invention in a schematic, block diagram-like representation,

3 in a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of the device according to the invention, which has switches which are in a switch position corresponding to a signal transmission from the modem to the power supply line,

4 the embodiment of 3 in a changed switch position which allows signal transmission from the power supply line to the modem,

5 the embodiment of 3 in a further switch position, which can be assumed in case of functional failure of the active component,

6 in a detailed, schematic block diagram representation of a first embodiment of an impedance converter as part of an active device, wherein the impedance converter is passively designed as a T-network,

7 2 is a schematic block diagram representation of a second exemplary embodiment of an impedance converter as a component of the active component, wherein the impedance converter is designed as an active functional unit in the form of an X-coupled broadband amplifier,

8th in a schematic block diagram representation of a first embodiment of a negative feedback power amplifier in 6-pole representation, which is designed as a broadband push-pull amplifier,

9 in a schematic, block diagram-like representation of a first embodiment of a trained as an adaptive negative feedback network negative feedback unit, and

10 in a schematic, partially block diagram-like representation of another embodiment of an active electronic component according to the invention in the vicinity of a schematically indicated in perspective view coupler.

The in their entirety in the figures with 10 designated device should be in terms of their basic operation and in terms of their place of use first on the basis of 1 to be discribed. It should be noted in advance that in the different exemplary embodiments in the following description of the figures, for the sake of clarity, the same reference numbers are used for identical or comparable parts or elements, in some cases with the addition of small letters.

1 shows a power supply line 12 , which is formed for example as a medium voltage supply line and thus transmits an AC voltage of about 20 kV. Within a schematic with the reference numeral 17 indicated transformer station, the medium voltage, for example, low-voltage of about 400 V or 240 V is low-transformed. Such transformer stations or local network transformer stations are present in large numbers in power supply networks.

Within the transformer station there is a medium voltage cell, which in 1 With 18 is designated. The medium-voltage cell includes that area of a transformer station, which may only be entered by suitably trained and qualified persons, since medium voltage prevails there, or since medium-voltage-carrying, electrically conductive components are arranged there. In the medium voltage cell 18 For example, a busbar and various facilities, such as switch disconnectors, circuit breakers and the like. Arranged.

1 and the remaining figures show only one phase of a medium voltage supply line 12 However, it is clear to the person skilled in the art that usually three different phases and thus corresponding to three medium voltage supply lines 12 are provided. As a result, PLC signals can be transmitted through one or more phases of the medium voltage supply lines since the different phases are electrically isolated from each other.

Of Furthermore, it will be clear to the person skilled in the art that the device according to the invention not only for coupling signals to a medium voltage line, but equally also on power lines in the range of 110, 220 or 380 kV as well can serve on low voltage lines.

It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that medium voltage lines typically interconnect various local grid transformer stations. With regard to the basic structure of a power supply network, for example, the German patent application DE 100 41 567 A1 the applicant, the content of which is hereby included in the content of the present patent application.

1 further shows a signal transmission or signal receiving unit 11 which also works as a modem referred to as. The modem 11 is inside the transformer station 17 , but outside the medium voltage cell 18 arranged. Via cables 13a . 13b is the modem 11 with a coupler 15 connected. The coupler 15 consists of ferromagnetic material, preferably of amorphous or nanocrystalline, ferromagnetic material and may consist of two parts, which in the assembled state like a ring, that is annular, the medium voltage supply line 12 embrace. The medium voltage supply line 12 this can usually also be provided with an insulating sheath.

The wires 13a . 13b form around the coupler 15 around a coupling loop 14 , so from the modem 11 generated AC signals via the coupler 15 Inductive to the medium voltage supply line 12 be coupled. Similarly, on the medium voltage supply line 12 located signals via the coupler 15 disconnected and to the modem 11 for further processing.

signals can that way over very big Distances over the medium voltage supply networks are transmitted without it for this separately Lines needed. The type of data transfer is called PLC (powerline communication) signal transmission designated.

Due to the spatial dimensions of the medium voltage cell 18 and due to the requirement, the modem 11 outside the medium voltage cell 18 to arrange, is the conduction path of the leads 13a . 13b between modem 11 and couplers 15 in devices of the prior art typically several meters, for example five meters. Even with optimum design of the coupler 15 Made of high-quality materials appears to improve the transmission properties of the coupler 15 possible. According to the invention, this is an active electronic component in the immediate vicinity of the coupler 15 provided in 1 With 16 is designated. The component 16 forms together with the coupler 15 the device 10 out, which advantageously also within a common housing 19 can be arranged. The supply lines 13a . 13b can then, like this later 10 indicates, also via a plug connection 33 with the housing 19 be connectable, including the housing 19 for example, has a BNC socket.

During the conduction of the lines 13a . 13b between modem 11 and couplers 15 is typically several meters, is the active component 16 in close proximity to the coupler 15 arranged. The distance between the active electronic component 16 and the coupler 15 is typically about 2 to 3 cm. Accordingly short is the conduction path between the component 16 and couplers 15 ,

2 shows an embodiment of the device 10 , in a respect 1 slightly changed, schematic representation. From this is now the internal structure of the active electronic component 16 seen.

The component 16 has an impedance converter on the input side 20 on, in the conduction path between the component 16 and modem 11 in the transmission mode of the modem 11 the first unit represents the modem 11 Sending emitted signals. The impedance converter 20 serves to adapt the largely constant output impedance of the modem, for example, 50 ohms to the network-side, that is, voltage supply line side, frequency-dependent impedance.

The impedance converter 20 is over a line 24 with the input of an amplifier 21 connected. The amplifier 21 is the component requiring its own operating voltage or supply voltage. The active electronic component 16 therefore always has an amplifier 21 on.

The amplifier 21 is over a line 25 with a voltage protection device 22 connected, which is also signposted as a transient protection device. The voltage protection device 22 is only optional. It is according to 2 over a line 26 with the coupler 15 connected and forms in the immediate vicinity of the coupler 15 the coupling loop 14 according to 1 out. The transient protection device 22 ensures that in the case of overvoltages, such as those caused by lightning strike or the like, for example, no damage to the electronic components of the electronic active component 16 can be caused.

The output of the amplifier 21 is over a line 27 with the input of a feedback unit 23 connected. The output of the feedback unit 23 is over a line 28 with a second input of the amplifier 21 connected. These elements form a feedback branch.

It should be noted that 2 only a schematic, block diagram-like representation shows. The required second connection line 13b that between the modem 11 and the coupler 15 is necessary for the closure of the circuit is not shown for reasons of clarity.

The amplifier 21 forms together with the feedback unit 23 An institution 29 to Out of phase equalization. Due to the feedback loop passing through the lines 27 and 28 and the feedback unit 23 is formed, an output signal of the amplifier 21 returned to his entrance. This feedback can lead in a surprising manner to an equalization of the phase response and thus to the attenuation of phase jumps. This will signal transmission through the coupler 15 in a very wide frequency range, for example, between 1 and 70 MHz, significantly improved.

3 shows a block diagram-like representation of another embodiment of the device according to the invention 10 in which the voltage protection device 22 over a line 32 with a second input of the feedback unit 23 connected is.

In addition, between the impedance converter unit 20 and the modem 11 , on the input side of the active electronic component 16 , a switch 30 arranged. Another switching element 31 located on the output side of the amplifier 21 immediately before the voltage protection device 22 ,

The two switches 30 . 31 are according to 3 in a switch position in which signals from the modem 11 with respect to 3 on the right side of the voltage protection device 22 located power supply line 12 be directed.

4 shows the embodiment according to 3 in a different operating situation where the switches 30 and 31 take other switch positions. The in 4 merely indicated couplers 15 is now over a line 34 of the component 16 with the input of the impedance converter 20 connected. The output of the amplifier 21 is over a line 35 of the component 16 now with the in 4 merely indicated modem 11 connected. 4 thus shows a switch position of the switch 30 . 31 which is a receiving mode of the modem 11 equivalent. The modem 11 reads in this switch position on the power supply line 12 located signals and receives them.

5 shows the embodiment of the 3 and 4 in an operating condition in which the active electronic component 16 , for example due to a malfunction, has failed or should not be operated for other reasons. The switches 30 and 31 are in a switch position in which the coupler 15 over the line 35 directly with the modem 11 connected is. The active electronic component 16 is bridged in this way and is cut off from the signal transmission path. This switch position of the active electronic component 16 corresponds to a situation comparable to the device of the prior art, in which the electronic active component 16 was not available.

6 shows in detail, schematically, the block diagram of an impedance converter 20 in a passive version, that is with a circuit that does not require an operating voltage. It should be noted that contrary to the preceding drawing now a 4-pole representation is selected.

On the input side is the impedance converter via the lines 13a and 13b with the in 6 not shown modem 11 connected. On the output side is the impedance converter 20 over the wires 24a and 24b with the in 6 not shown amplifier 21 connected.

The impedance converter 20 itself has three resistances 36a . 36b and 36c on, so that a T-network circuit (T-filter) is created.

While at the exit of the in 6 not shown amplifier 21 Impedance changes may occur, for example, because the impedance of the power supply line network is highly frequency-dependent, may be due to the choice of the size of the resistors 36a . 36b . 36c can be achieved that the input impedance of the amplifier 21 is kept almost constant.

7 shows an alternative embodiment of the impedance converter 20 , which is now designed as an active unit, that is to say an operating voltage VB. The 4-pole representation essentially corresponds to the 6 , The description of the impedance converter 20 according to the 6 and 7 according to which, with regard to the figures, on the left-hand side, the impedance converter is the modem 11 is connected and each right-hand side of the impedance converter of the amplifier 21 takes into account a signal line from the modem to the power supply line 12 , In the event that by changing the switch positions in an operating position according to 4 a reverse signal line path is to be provided, located on the left side of the impedance converter 20 according to the 6 and 7 instead of the modem the coupler 15 ,

7 shows a transistor 37 whose base 38 is supplied with the control voltage VB and their emitter 39 via a throttle 40a and a capacitor 41a with the line 13a connected is. The collector 42 of the transistor 37 is over two throttles 40b and 40c connected to a control voltage VC, being midway between the chokes 40b . 40a a tap on a capacitor 41b and over the output line 24a to the amplifier 21 leads.

Midway between the condenser 41a and the throttle 40a engages a line section 43 to the supply line 13b about a resistance 44a and a throttle 40d makes a connection. Also the active impedance converter 20 according to 7 ensures an impedance match between the modem 11 and the input side of the amplifier 21 regardless of the changing network impedance.

8th shows a schematic, block diagram representation of a first embodiment of an amplifier 21 which according to 8th as a negative feedback power amplifier, and is designed as a broadband push-pull amplifier. Here now a 6-pole representation is selected.

The amplifier 21 has the input side, the supply lines 24a . 24b on, corresponding to the output of the impedance converter 20 , for example, according to the 6 and 7 , keep in touch. The output lines 25a and 25b lead, as for example from the overall view according to 2 results in the voltage protection device 22 or to the in 8th also not shown feedback unit 23 , From the feedback unit 23 come supply lines 28a and 28b also on the input side of the amplifier 21 at.

According to 8th meets the supply line 24a first on a capacitor 41c that with a primary winding 46a a first transformer 45a connected is. Its secondary winding 46b is with the wires 28a and 28b from the feedback unit 23 connected. The secondary winding 46b also acts as a primary winding for a second transformer 45b , its secondary winding 46c is fed approximately centrally with a control voltage VBB and that with the base 38a a first transistor 27a and with the base 38b a second transistor 37b connected is. The transistor 37a is about his collector 42a with a primary winding 46d a third transformer 45c and the second transistor 37b is about his collector connection 42b with the second primary winding 46e of the third transformer 45c connected. Control and operating voltages VCC and VBB supply the transistors 37a . 37b with operating voltage and balanced via a connection in the middle between the primary windings 46d and 46e the stresses in the primary windings.

The secondary winding 46f of the third transformer 45c is with the output lines 25a and 25b connected. The two line branches 47a . 47b with the two transistors 37a and 37b provide a push-pull, which allows a particularly symmetrical signal amplification.

In the 8th (or in the remaining figures) arrows illustrate the signal path according to 8th from the impedance converter unit 20 (in 8th not shown) to the voltage protection device 22 or to the in 8th also not shown coupler 15 ,

9 shows in a detailed, schematic representation in the manner of a block diagram, the negative feedback unit or feedback unit 23 , now in a 3-pole representation.

The feedback unit 23 is on the input side via the line 27 with the output of in 9 not shown amplifier 21 connected. Another input of the feedback unit 23 is over the line 32 with the transient protection device 22 connected.

The output side is the feedback unit 23 over the line 28 with the input side of the amplifier 21 connected.

The feedback unit 23 includes a μ-controller 48 , the input side, a phase detector unit 49 is upstream. The phase detector unit 49 is on the one hand with the connecting cable 27 and on the other hand via a second input to the input line 32 connected.

The μ-controller 48 controls via control lines 50a . 50b an amplitude response network 51 and an associated phase shifter network 52 , The negative feedback network 23 is actively formed in this embodiment, wherein about the operating voltage requiring μ-controller 48 an automatic control, that is adaptation to different operating situations, can be done. The control of the amplitude response and the control of the phase shift can be done by the μ-controller 48 done automatically.

For example, the medium voltage line 12 via a switch, not shown, which is usually in the region of the medium-voltage cell 18 is open, for example, if a network switch is made, so can the impedance conditions in the area of the medium voltage cell 18 change dramatically. The arrangement of a μ-controller 48 allows the desired automatic adjustment.

10 shows a schematic block diagram-like overall view of a further embodiment of the device according to the invention 10 ,

10 shows a modem 11 , its connecting cable via a plug connection 33 with the active electronic component 16 is connectable. This is about leads 25a . 25b with the transient protection device 22 connectable, which includes two Zener diodes and thus an effective Represents protection against overvoltages. The actual coupler 15 , which annularly the power supply line 12 encompasses, is indicated schematically. The coupling loop 14 surrounds the ring coupler 15 in half a turn.

The electronic component 16 includes an impedance converter 20 which is identical to the embodiment according to FIG 6 equivalent. The feedback unit 23 indicates in a change from the 9 now no μ-controller but a variably adjustable resistor 53 and eg manually convertible switches 54 on. These can be set or switched to manually make drastically changed circuit situations and thus changed impedance conditions, for example due to the opening of medium voltage line switches.

Also the amplifier 21 who works together with the feedback unit 23 the device 29 forms to Phasengangentzerrung is slightly different. Again, there are two branches 47a . 47b with two transistors 37a . 37b provided that lead to a push-pull. A centering circuit 55 connects the two emitters of the transistors 37a . 37b with an operating voltage VCC and centered at the same time also the primary windings 46d and 46e a transformer 45c whose secondary winding 46f with the output lines 25a and 25b connected is. A set of elements of the circuit of the amplifier 21 according to 8th were therefore taken over.

Somewhat different is the input side of the amplifier 21 trained, since now only a transformer 45d is provided, the two primary windings 46g and 46h having. The primary winding 46g is with the supply line 24a that of the impedance converter 20 comes, connected and the primary winding 46h is with the output line 28a the negative feedback unit 23 connected.

The secondary windings 46i and 46j of the transformer 45d are over the line branches 47a and 47b with the transistors 37a and 37b connected.

The centering circuit 55 From the emitters, a voltage is applied back to the line branch, which is the line branches 47a and 47b energized. This is a power stabilization is made, which prevents overheating of the transistors.

It should be noted that due to the feedback of the amplifier shown in the different embodiments 21 an attenuation and smoothing of phase jumps occurs, that is, an equalization is made so that the phase response of the signals is made uniform. This will change the transmission characteristics of the coupler 15 clearly improved.

At the same time, the active or passive impedance transformer unit ensures 20 for adjusting the constant low impedance of the output side of the modem 11 to the highly frequency-dependent as well as of the individual geometries and structural designs of the medium-voltage cell 18 dependent network-side, that is voltage supply line side impedance.

While in the vast majority of the above-described embodiments, the situation has been illustrated where the modem 11 acting as signal transmission unit and signals on the power supply line 12 Uncouples is according to 4 also hinted at the situation in which the modem 11 acts as a signal receiving unit. In this case, the power supply line 12 via the transient protection device 22 and the line 34 with the input side of the impedance converter 20 connected via a line 24 with the input side of the amplifier 21 connected is. The output side of the amplifier 21 is over the line 35 with the modem 11 connected, wherein the Phasengangentzerrung takes place in the same manner previously described.

In both possible signal directions, an impedance matching takes place such that the impedance converter in the signal path in front of the amplifier 21 is arranged.

From the invention is included that circuit elements of the different embodiments, as far as appropriate and possible, can be combined. Thus, the embodiment of the shows 10 no switches 30 . 31 according to 3 , For the skilled person but it is clear that of course in the embodiment of 10 corresponding switches 30 . 31 as well as corresponding line sections 34 . 35 can be provided.

Furthermore, it can be seen that the conduction paths shown in the figures merely for the sake of understanding are not to be considered to scale. Of importance for the function of the invention is that the output side of the amplifier in a signal transmission from the modem 11 to the coupler 15 the conduction path to the coupling loop 14 or the coupler 15 only very small and preferably only a few centimeters.

Claims (31)

Contraption ( 10 ) for coupling a signal transmission and / or signal reception unit ( 11 ) to one Medium or high voltage supply line ( 12 ) by means of a coupler ( 15 ), in particular by means of an inductive coupler, for transmitting electrical signals via the power supply line, wherein the signal transmitting and / or signal receiving unit is arranged at a distance from the coupler, characterized in that in the conduction path between the signal transmitting and / or signal receiving unit ( 11 ) and the coupler ( 15 ), in the immediate vicinity of the coupler, an active electronic component ( 16 ) is arranged. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the component ( 16 ) an impedance converter ( 20 ) having. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the component ( 16 ) An institution ( 29 ) for phase-equalization. Contraption ( 10 ) for coupling a signal transmission and / or signal reception unit ( 11 ) to a power supply line ( 12 ) by means of a coupler ( 15 ), in particular by means of an inductive coupler, for transmitting electrical signals via a voltage supply line, wherein the signal transmitting and / or signal receiving unit is arranged at a distance from the coupler, characterized in that in the conduction path between the signal transmitting and / or signal receiving unit ( 11 ) and the coupler ( 15 ), in the immediate vicinity of the coupler, an active electronic component ( 16 ), which has an impedance converter ( 20 ) and a facility ( 29 ) for phase-equalization. Device according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that the impedance transformer ( 20 ) is formed by a passive circuit ( 6 ). Device according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that the impedance transformer ( 20 ) is formed by an active circuit ( 7 ). Device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the device ( 29 ) an amplifier ( 21 ) having. Device according to Claim 7, characterized in that the amplifier ( 21 ) is fed back or fed back. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that for negative feedback of the amplifier ( 21 ) a negative feedback unit ( 23 ) is provided. Device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the amplifier ( 21 ) at least one transistor ( 37 . 37a . 37b ) having. Device according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the amplifier ( 21 ) is designed as push-pull amplifier. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component ( 16 ) at most 1 m from the coupler ( 15 ) is located away. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component ( 16 ) closer than 5 cm, preferably closer than 3 cm, to the coupler ( 15 ) is arranged. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupler ( 15 ) a housing ( 19 ), and that the component ( 16 ) is assigned to the housing. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that the component ( 16 ) within the housing ( 19 ) is arranged. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupler ( 15 ) is an inductive coupler. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the coupler ( 15 ) is an annular, in particular of two parts, the voltage supply line encompassing element made of ferromagnetic material. Device according to claim 17, characterized in that the coupler ( 15 ) consists of amorphous or nanocrystalline, ferromagnetic material. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component ( 16 ) via a switch ( 30 ) with the signal transmission and / or signal reception unit ( 11 ) connected is. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component ( 16 ) via a switch ( 31 ) with the coupler ( 15 ) connected is. Device according to claim 19 and 20, characterized in that the switches ( 30 . 31 ) are independently operable. Device according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the switch position is selectable depending on whether the signal transmission and / or signal receiving unit ( 11 ) in transmission mode ( 3 ) or in the reception mode ( 4 ) is working. Device according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that a position of the switch ( 30 . 31 ) is provided in which in case of failure of the component ( 16 ) a direct connection of the signal transmission and / or signal reception unit ( 11 ) with the coupler ( 15 ) while bridging the component ( 16 ) consists ( 5 ). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the power supply line ( 12 ) is formed by a medium voltage line. Device according to claim 24, characterized in that the coupler ( 15 ) and the component ( 16 ) within a medium voltage cell ( 18 ) of a transformer station ( 17 ) are arranged. Apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that the signal transmission and / or signal reception unit ( 11 ) within the transformer station ( 17 ), but outside the medium voltage cell ( 18 ) is arranged. Device according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the power supply line ( 12 ) is formed by a high voltage line Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that via the power supply line ( 12 ) transmitted signals are phase-relevant modulated. Apparatus according to claim 28, characterized in that via the power supply line ( 12 ) transmitted signals are modulated according to the OFDM method. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the signals are transmitted in broadband, in particular in a frequency range of frequencies above 1 MHz and below 70 MHz. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the coupler ( 15 ) and the active device ( 16 ) an overvoltage protection device ( 22 ) is arranged.