DE102007063686B4 - Bus e.g. Ethernet, arbitration method for use in e.g. frequency-division multiplexing method, involves assigning unique address to subscriber, and determining whether another subscriber with high priority conducts receiving process - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves assigning a unique address to a subscriber on a bus, where the subscriber performs a communication receiving process. Determination is made whether another subscriber with a high priority performs the process in a preset period, which has time segments. An identification part is transmitted from the former subscriber, and a signal adjacent to the channel is detected. The former subscriber continues with another identification part in the other segment, when the signal accords with the part, and transmission of usable data is begun after sending complete identification part. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a device for bus arbitration (2) a converter comprising a unit for transmitting and receiving data (3) a manufacturing installation comprising drive units.

Description

The The invention relates to a method and a device for bus arbitration, an inverter and a manufacturing plant.

Out G. Schnell: Bus Systems in Automation and Process Technology, Vieweg: Braunschweig / Wiesbaden, 5th edition 2003, chapter 1.3.6 and from the page http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbiter, version of August 9, 2006, 8:41 pm, the German-language edition of the reference book Wikipedia Arbitration is known as a method with which Avoiding conflicts, especially access conflicts to one Bus, several bus participants resources, such as access times a bus, to be assigned. It is the arbitration So a method of bus switching. The invention relates to such an arbitration. In particular, this is an arbitration method one before a possible one Conflicting, especially when configuring the bus system, defined procedure, on the basis of which the bus subscribers This conflict can at least be detected and resolved in the determination consists of which participant towards the other participants involved a higher priority and so higher Has priority. The named access is, for example to send data.

conflict prevention is on bus systems with random, thus non-deterministic bus access procedures necessary. Such Systems are multimaster systems, that is systems in which several Bus participants independently allowed to access a bus. The invention employs especially with bus systems, which is a decentralized bus exchange, ie Arbitration, use. Such bus systems include Ethernet and CAN. Bus service is provided by Carrier Sense Multiple Access or CSMA.

Carrier Sense Multiple Access or CSMA is a bus switching method with the bus participant in a decentralized network an access right can get the bus.

CSMA Collision detection or CSMA / CD refers to a process in which occurring collisions are detected and in which a repetition the collision is avoided. CSMA Collision Avoidance or CSMA / CA is a method for collision avoidance primarily in radio-based Bus networks.

Out the page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controller_Area_Network in the version of October 9, 2006 at 9:59 clock of the reference Wikipedia, German edition, is the Controller Area Network or CAN as a serial bus system, in which the communication participants Avoid bit-arbitration collisions during bus access. at CAN bus system becomes binary data in amplitude shift keying, also called on-off-keying- or OOK-method, transmitted, what a non-contact, inductive transmission difficult.

Out the page http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/FlexRay in the version of October 14, 2006, 23:07 clock, the reference work Wikipedia, German-speaking Edition, FlexRay is considered a serial, deterministic and fault tolerant Bus system for the use in automobiles, comparable to TTP / C or EC-Net known.

From the US 3 488 445 A For example, an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing or OFDM method is known as a multi-carrier modulation method for data transmission in which a plurality of sub-signal carriers are simultaneously amplitude-modulated. These sub-signal carriers are often frequency bands in a shared medium, such as air or a data line. By using several sub-signal carriers, several bits per symbol are transferable. The symbol duration is considerably longer compared to single-carrier processes. The individual bits are generally realized in binary form by the presence (logical one) or non-presence (logical zero) of a sinusoidal excitation with a frequency belonging to the sub-signal carrier over the entire symbol duration.

From the DE 196 35 813 A1 a digital transmission method is known in which a division of the occupied in the respective multi-carrier modulation method communication channels, there called carrier, in sub-channels, there sub-blocks, takes place.

From the DE 44 46 779 C2 and the WO 92/17929 A1 are known methods for contactless energy transfer, in which an inductively weak coupling is present.

Out the page http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanal_(Information theory), Version of 30th August 2006, 15:54 clock, the German-language edition the reference work Wikipedia is a device or a device or a carrier that or the one to submit of data over spatial or temporal distance is suitable as a channel in the information theory Senses, also communication channel, known.

From the GB 2 230 166 A For example, a method of allocating resources is known in which a parallel arbitration procedure is initiated only when an access collision is detected. The participants submit the transmission of user data via a data bus BS in each case their address in the form of a single, binary-coded number on a separate Arbitrierungsbus AB, wherein the permissible addresses have a fixed number of ones. An access collision is detected if and only if the number of ones on the arbitration bus AB is greater than this specified number.

From the US 4,626,843 A For example, a bus system with multi-master communication and parallel arbitration of bus requests is known in which each of the bus nodes has an identification number and, in arbitration, relative priorities from the requesting bus node's identification number and the bus node identification number most recently accessed , is determined.

From the US 2005/0225188 A1 A method for wireless and non-contact transport of energy and data and a corresponding device is known, wherein the device comprises a stator and a rotor, both of which are each provided with windings, whereby data and energy are inductively transferable.

From the WO 2007/010083 A1 a device for data transmission is known, in which at least diagnostic signals between a motor and a frequency converter, which controls the motor, are transmitted, wherein the motor and the frequency converter are connected by a motor cable, at both ends of which a high-frequency data transmission device is connected.

From the US 5,422,913 A For example, a differential phase shift keying communication system is known in which the data to be transmitted at a low user transmission rate is multiplied by a pseudorandom code, transmitted redundantly on an enhanced transmission rate transmission channel, and integrated with the receiver.

From the DE 199 11 830 A1 For example, there are known a method of managing access to a bus and a bus system, wherein each terminal that has data to send or receive transmits, on an arbitration line, an identification word characteristic of that terminal, the identification word comprising a priority section, a fairness section and a Address section has. The fairness section here represents the internal state of a counter, which is incremented when an arbitration is obtained.

From the US 5,818,821 A is a universal LAN repeater system with carrier frequency system is known in which a repeater control system for the arbitration of data communication over the carrier frequency system between a plurality of repeaters who want to access the carrier frequency system is formed. Here, multiple transceivers are arranged for simultaneous operation at different RF carrier frequencies to enable full-duplex serial communication and operation of multiple networks over the same carrier frequency system without interference.

Of the Invention is based on the object, an apparatus and a method for bus arbitration in such a way that the failure rate is reduced.

According to the invention Task in the method according to claim 1, in the device for Busarbitration according to claim 10, wherein the inverter according to in claim 16 and in the manufacturing plant according to claim 9 or 18 specified characteristics solved.

• a) in einem ersten Zeitsegment von einem Kommunikationsteilnehmer eine Identifikationseinheit über die Kommunikationskanäle gesendet wird und gleichzeitig die auf allen Kommunikationskanälen jeweils anliegenden Signale erfasst werden,
• b1) bei Übereinstimmung der erfassten Signale mit der gesendeten Identifikationseinheit der Kommunikationsteilnehmer in einem auf das erste Zeitsegment folgende Zeitsegment mit einer nächsten Identifikationseinheit gemäß Schritt a) fortfährt,
• d) nach Sendung der vollständigen Identifikation der Kommunikationsteilnehmer mit dem Senden von Nutzdaten beginnt,

wobei die Kommunikationskanäle voneinander verschiedene Frequenzbänder auf einem gemeinsamen Träger sind. Vorteilhaft sind somit bekannte Träger wie metallische Leiter oder Vakuum beziehungsweise Luft verwendbar.Important features of the invention of a method for Busarbitration are that participants who communicate via a bus, each having a unique identifier sequence of identification units is assigned using a number n numbered bidirectional communication channels, wherein the number n is greater than one, and at least a communication participant executes a communication recording, wherein he checks at the beginning of communication in a first time period for communication recording, if another participant executes a communication recording with a higher priority, the priority by comparing the information sent in communication recording via the communication channels and the communication recording of the other Subscriber is determined via the communication channels received information,
wherein the first time period comprises a plurality of time segments, wherein

• a) in a first time segment of a communication subscriber an identification unit is sent via the communication channels and at the same time the signals present on all communication channels are detected,
• b1) if the detected signals match the transmitted identification unit of the communication subscribers in a time segment following the first time segment with a next identification unit according to step a),
• d) after sending the complete identification of the communication subscriber starts sending user data,

wherein the communication channels are different from each other on a common frequency bands Are carriers. Advantageously, therefore, known carriers such as metallic conductors or vacuum or air can be used.

From The advantage here is that another alternative method for Busarbitration is provided by simultaneous use several communication channels is characterized. By using multiple channels is the Bandwidth of the transmission across from the use of a single channel, thereby maintaining a constant transmission rate a longer one Duration of the individual signal words allows is. This longer Time is advantageous for inductive coupling of the Signal transmission. Thus, the signal transmission Inductively feasible with reduced error rate.

By the review at Communication recording is a higher level Communication participant, the communication order in case of access conflicts regulates, dispensable. Thus new participants are easy in the bus modular incorporable, and dispensable participants are also removable. A Reprogramming a central bus control is particularly unnecessary.

Of the Communication start here denotes the time at which a Subscriber begins to send signals indicating the intended sending of Precede user data. These signals after a bus configuration specified protocol are sent in a first period of time. They identify the communication recording by the respective Attendees.

By the infraction of the first time segment into time segments is a Bus can be used with a bus clocking. Preferably, as time segments uses the clock segments of a Bustaktung. The identification is subdividable into identification units representing the time segments are assignable. Another advantage is that the individual time segments can be used twice, on the one hand to send own identification units and, on the other hand, for receiving signals from other subscribers.

When physical realizations of a communication channel are advantageous electrical conductors, wires, Waveguides, dielectrics and air or vacuum or the physical space can be used. A communication channel is also advantageous as a radio directional route or as undirected signal transmission device and / or signal receiving device can be formed.

The The invention can be used advantageously in a system for non-contact Power transmission, comprising a to a primary conductor system inductively coupled secondary coil, which in particular with the formation of a resonant circuit with a capacity connected in series or in parallel is that the associated resonant frequency essentially corresponds to the AC frequency of the primary current. The current in the secondary coil has two parts, one for transformers known, translated Current share, on the other hand, a resonance current share, which by the Oscillation circuit arrangement is effected. The secondary coil is at least one capacity connected in series and / or in parallel such that the resonant frequency the center frequency substantially corresponds. That way is even with a weak inductive coupling, for example at large Air gap between primary conductor and secondary conductors occurs, ensuring high transmission efficiency. The resonant circuit arrangement enables the transmission the energy over a big Air gap. Despite the big one Air gap is a high efficiency achievable. A facility for contactless power transmission includes to a primary line inductively coupled consumers, wherein in the primary line a substantially constant medium-frequency alternating current is impressed, in particular essentially independent from the power consumed by consumers. Independent of the number of consumers and the power consumed will be the Electricity impressed. The Consumers each include one or more capacitors, the or with a consumer supplying secondary coil such connected in series and / or in parallel or are that the corresponding Resonant frequency substantially equal to the center frequency. Thus, a big air gap between primary conductors and secondary coil feasible.

at In an advantageous embodiment, the carrier is in addition to the contactless power transmission in particular, the carrier is used as the primary conductor a system for contactless power supply educated. The advantage here is that transmission cables can be saved are, and that over the consistent saving of connectors a high degree of protection the plant is reachable.

at In an advantageous embodiment, signals are only on those Recorded communication channels, on those by the communication participant in the broadcast the identification unit no signals are sent out.

• b2) bei Abweichung der erfassten Signale von der gesendeten Informationseinheit der Kommunikationsteilnehmer aus den abweichenden, erfassten Signale die Prioritäten der weiteren Kommunikationsteilnehmer ermittelt, die Signale gesendet haben und der Kommunikationsteilnehmer in einem auf das aktuelle Zeitsegment folgende Zeitsegment mit einer nächsten Informationseinheit gemäß Schritt a) fortfährt, wenn er die höchste Priorität unter den ermittelten Prioritäten besitzt.

In an advantageous development, the first time segment comprises a plurality of time segments, wherein

• b2) determined in case of deviation of the detected signals from the transmitted information unit of the communication participants from the deviating, detected signals, the priorities of the other communication participants, the signals sent ha and the communication user continues in a time segment following the current time segment with a next information unit according to step a) if he has the highest priority among the determined priorities.

From The advantage here is that a dialogue between two participants for the determination the priority is dispensable because of each intended for all participants identification unit already have information about the priority the transmitter is removable. Another advantage is that the priority information is so divisible into individual units that at several at the same time sending participant iteratively ascertainable which participant the highest Has priority and therefore may send user data. In particular, do not have to all participants wait until the full priority is submitted has been.

• c) der Kommunikationsteilnehmer in einen Zuhör-Modus oder einen Warte-Modus wechselt, wenn er nicht die höchste Priorität unter den ermittelten Prioritäten besitzt.

In an advantageous development, the first time segment comprises a plurality of time segments, wherein

• c) the communication user switches to a listening mode or a waiting mode if he does not have the highest priority among the determined priorities.

in the Listening mode the subscriber stops the transmission and continues to monitor the bus. Of the Completion of the transmission process of the subscriber with the highest priority is thus detectable by the lower priority participants. Thus, the bandwidth the bus system advantageously usable, in particular idle times, ie periods without sending a participant, avoidable.

in the Waiting mode, the participant stops the transmission and waits a set period of time before taking another action. As such action, a renewed communication recording is feasible. Consequently Advantageously, a robust bus arbitration is provided.

Important Features of the invention of a method for Busarbitration are additionally or alternatively, that on a bus multiple communication participants are provided as bus subscribers, each communicating party a unique address is assigned as a sequence of digits, where the bus is clocked and each communication participant in communication recording the digits in sequence of the sequence of his address in succession each for the duration of a clock segment of the Bustaktung as FDM signal or OFDM signal is sent to the bus, at the same time the voltage applied to the bus Listening to FDM signal or OFDM signal and exits in the following clock segment from the arbitration, if he another communication participant whose currently sent Digit a higher one priority has as your own, notes. The advantage here is that an arbitration procedure for an asynchronous serial bus system is provided which takes place Amplitude shift keying a signal transmission through sinusoidal Signals allowed. As a result, are in the transmission of the signals Locations with inductive coupling can be installed, reducing the transmission path It can also connect participants who are relatively mobile are. The sinusoidal Although the shape of the signals causes a slower transmission rate, but this is advantageously compensated by a simultaneous use several communication channels.

• i) jeder Kommunikationsteilnehmer sendet in einem ersten Taktsegment die erste Ziffer seiner Folge von Ziffern an die Kommunikationskanäle und hört gleichzeitig die Kommunikationskanäle ab,
• ii) jeder Kommunikationsteilnehmer bricht im folgenden Taktsegment das Verfahren ab und/oder geht in einen anderen Zustand über, wenn das abgehörte Signal von den Kommunikationskanälen durch eine Überlagerung der gesendeten Ziffer mit einer Ziffer höherer Priorität entsteht,
• iii) jeder Kommunikationsteilnehmer wiederholt in den folgenden Taktsegmenten die Schritte i) und ii), wobei bei jeder Wiederholung nach einer vorgegebenen Reihenfolge ein Kommunikationskanal weniger ausgewertet wird, bis das abgehörte Signal der ausgewerteten Kommunikationskanäle nicht mehr aus der Überlagerung des betreffenden Anteils seiner gesendeten Ziffer und einer weiteren Ziffer bildbar ist,
• iv) jeder Kommunikationsteilnehmer beginnt im folgenden Taktsegment mit dem Senden von Nutzdaten über die Kommunikationskanäle, falls die bestimmte Ziffer die letzte Ziffer in seiner Folge von Ziffern ist,
• v) jeder Kommunikationsteilnehmer fährt mit Schritt i) mit der nächsten Ziffer in seiner Folge von Ziffern fort.

In an advantageous embodiment, the bus comprises a plurality of communication channels and the following steps are processed in a chronological order:

• i) each communication station sends in a first clock segment the first digit of its sequence of digits to the communication channels and simultaneously stops the communication channels,
• ii) each communication user aborts the process in the following clock segment and / or changes to another state if the intercepted signal originates from the communication channels by a superposition of the transmitted digit with a higher priority digit,
• iii) each communication subscriber repeats the steps i) and ii) in the following clock segments, whereby a communication channel is less evaluated at each repetition according to a predetermined order, until the intercepted signal of the evaluated communication channels no longer results from the superposition of the relevant portion of its transmitted digit and another figure can be formed,
• iv) each communication user begins to send payload data over the communication channels in the following clock segment, if the particular digit is the last digit in its sequence of digits,
• v) Each communicating party proceeds to step i) with the next digit in its sequence of digits.

Consequently is an arbitration method specified, which in each case a also produced for the losers is clearly recognized.

at an advantageous embodiment, the digits and user data on the communication channels sent in the OFDM method, each communication channel through a frequency band on an electrical line, in particular a two-wire line, Coaxial or other two-pole line is formed. The advantage here is that lines for power supply mitnutzbar are for the data transmission, especially the arbitration.

• i) der Kommunikationsteilnehmer bestimmt die erste Ziffer in der Zahlendarstellung zur Basis n seiner Nummer,
• ii) der Kommunikationsteilnehmer sendet ein Signal auf dem Kommunikationskanal, dessen Nummer gleich der bestimmten Ziffer ist, und hört gleichzeitig die übrigen Kommunikationskanäle ab,
• iii) der Kommunikationsteilnehmer bricht das Verfahren ab und/oder geht in einen anderen Zustand über, wenn auf einem Kommunikationskanal mit einer höheren Nummer als die bestimmte Ziffer während des Schrittes ii) gesendet wurde,
• vi) der Kommunikationsteilnehmer beginnt mit dem Senden von Nutzdaten, falls die bestimmte Ziffer die letzte Ziffer in der Zahlendarstellung zur Basis n seiner Nummer ist,
• v) der Kommunikationsteilnehmer bestimmt die nächstfolgende Ziffer in der Zahlendarstellung zur Basis n seiner Nummer und fährt mit Schritt ii) fort.

In an advantageous embodiment, a plurality of communication users are connected to the bus, wherein each communication user is assigned a number, the following steps being executed in a chronological order

• i) the communication subscriber determines the first number in the number representation based on his number,
• ii) the communication party sends a signal on the communication channel whose number is equal to the particular digit and at the same time stops the other communication channels,
• iii) the communication user aborts the procedure and / or transitions to a different state if it was sent on a communication channel with a higher number than the particular digit during step ii),
• vi) the communication subscriber starts sending payload data if the particular digit is the last digit in the number representation at the base of his number,
• v) the communication subscriber determines the next digit in the number representation at the base n of his number and proceeds to step ii).

From The advantage here is that a bus arbitration for multi-carrier modulation method is available. Especially is a procedure described with the access conflicts, including those with simultaneous access from three or more participants, reliable mediated become. It is also particularly advantageous that all available channels of the multicarrier modulation method can be used for bus arbitration. With simultaneous access of three or more subscribers can certainly determine which priorities in the access conflict involved, so that each participant makes a decision about the error own resignation from the communication attempt.

at an alternative advantageous embodiment is for the number representation a basis different from the number of channels.

at an advantageous embodiment sends a communication participant on a reserved communication channel, a signal when for the communication subscriber is fixed, in particular due to the signals applied to the bus, that he will win the arbitration procedure. The communication participants receiving a signal on the reserved communication channel, finish the arbitration and leave if they are not winners of the arbitration procedure. Preferably it will be reserved Communication channel on for the address transmission held communication channel used. This will indeed a bit of address transmission but the arbitration is accelerated on average. The advantage here is that in situations where the potential inferior communication participants due to signal overlay still can not clearly decide whether they will be subject to the signaling on the part of the potential winner the arbitration procedure be abbreviated especially if a process is used in which each Digit of the address is sent multiple times until a final clarification. Thus conditionally the loss of an address bit to the reserved channel for the time being renewal the addresses, so an increase the number of digits that make up each address, However, this is compensated by fewer repetitions Arbitration of a single digit are necessary.

at According to an advantageous embodiment, the transmitted signals are sinusoidal or arise from an overlay of sinusoidal Signals, with the number of superimposed sinusoidal signals is less than or equal to the number of communication channels. sinusoidal Signals are particularly advantageous in the OFDM method used and also allow a low-distortion data transmission via inductive Couplings away. Due to the low distortion is the error rate the data transmission reduced in the arbitration.

alternative be instead of the sinusoidal Signals generally wavelets, such as Haar wavelet, Daubechies wavelets, Coiflet wavelets and Meyer wavelets, for superposition used. Due to the small time spread or the temporal Localization in a short period compared to the indefinitely sinusoidal signals here are distortions at the beginning of transmission and transfer end reduced.

In an advantageous embodiment, each signal is transmitted to the bus essentially over the time duration of a clock segment, the symbol duration of each transmitted information unit thus substantially equals the time duration of a clock segment, deviations of the two time periods being of the order of magnitude of the duration of transients of the signals are acceptable. Thus, sufficient time is available in which, for example, a signal low error can be transmitted via an inductive coupling point in the transmission path. The bus clock thus determines the progress and thus also the maximum duration of an arbitration process, as a result of which the time required for an information transmission can be better estimated. A low-priority user can only resign with the expiration of a clock segment, and communication can begin only at the beginning of a clock segment. As a result of this timing, collisions which necessitate arbitration frequently occur, and the method according to the invention describes a suitable routine, to resolve such conflicts.

at an advantageous embodiment identifies the participants assigned number or sequence of identification units this unique, with numbers assigned to the set of all subscribers or sequence of identification units and / or on the digits the numbers or the identification units an order relation is explained according to which the term higher Number is used. Preferably is on the numbers of the numbers or the identification units are given an order relation, from which the order relation is assigned on the set of all participants Numbers or sequence of identification units results. From The advantage here is that the number or sequence of identification units as a placeholder for the otherwise freely selectable Designation of each participant is usable, whereby the naturally given Order relation to the natural Numbers as priority ranking available is. Another advantage is that the arbitration is different or Identification unit can be done. Thus, the number scales the needed communication channels not with the number of participants. Only the duration of the arbitration phase extended as the number of participants increases. It is thus a variety Predictable by participants in a limited number of communication channels.

at an advantageous embodiment is assigned to the subscriber Number or sequence of identification units whose numeric address, where the order relation is determined by the natural order of the addresses explained is. The advantage here is that the number assignment and the award the priority simple, comprehensible and error-free configurable, since the Address of a participant and the allocation of addresses to a participant in bus system technology are easy to handle.

at an advantageous embodiment, the zero crossings of Signal for the non-contact power transmission for the Synchronization of the communication used, in particular by Detection of a signal pulse in time proximity to the zero crossing is sent out. Thus, the synchronization of the advantageous internal clocking of the participants with the Bustaktung feasible.

at an advantageous embodiment comprises at least one communication channel several subchannels, wherein the communication participants for a communication channel certain signals as signals with relative, randomly determined Phase shift on the subchannels of the communication channel send. Thus, redundancy provides a reduced error rate reachable.

there are these subchannels So for They are also communication channels, but they become hierarchical grouped together, each with a communication channel define. In other words, they are a communication channel associated subchannels in their use, so simultaneous allocation with signals, not completely independently from each other, but it exists by the intended redundancy the signal transmission caused correlations or constraints, while subchannels to different communication channels independent in their use from each other.

at an advantageous embodiment is a communication channel of a communication participant acted as a signal scored, if on at least one of the subchannels of the communication channel a signal is detected. The advantage here is that simple and robust way the provided redundancy for reduction the error rate, in particular to avoid transmission errors due from random destructive interference, is usable.

at In an advantageous embodiment, the signals on the communication channels or subchannels of the Conductor using an OFDM method. Is an advantage doing that for the OFDM method provides a method for bus arbitration will, all communication channels OFDM method and thus compatible with the OFDM method.

at In an advantageous embodiment, the frequencies of the communication channels are not in the harmonic series of non-contact power transmission or at least not in the set of the first three harmonic overtones of the signal the non-contact Energy transfer. Thus, it is advantageous to disturb Coupling of non-contact power transmission in the signal transmission reduced. disorders at a multiple of the fundamental frequency of non-contact power transmission arise, for example, by processes in the feed electronics the non-contact Energy transfer or retroactive effect the consumer.

at According to an advantageous embodiment, the frequencies of the communication channels are in the harmonic series a fundamental frequency. Thus, the redundant transmission of the signals is on Subchannels by means of Relative phase shift of several signals advantageous executable.

In an advantageous embodiment, payload data are converted by means of FFT and / or IFFT for transfer and / or reception on or from the bus, in particular for data transfer in the OFDM method. There is an advantage here in that a fast conversion of the binary data transmitted by a bus into a format that can be used for the OFDM method is feasible.

at an advantageous embodiment, the communication participants Drive units, in particular converter motors or adapter plates for Supply of consumers. The advantage here is that an OFDM method with a contactless system Energy supply can be combined. It is advantageous that the time constant of the OFDM method, ie the duration of the signal words, in about the same size or is greater selectable as or as the time constant of reflections in the primary conductor the plant. Because the OFDM method sinusoidal Signals used is a faulty interpretation of an echo as additional Signal or as additional Information avoidable. Thus, line terminations for signal transmission are advantageous einsparbar. The use of the OFDM method in non-contact systems power transmission is further advantageous because the sinusoidal signals in comparison to rectangular Signals, ie pulses, with reduced signal distortion inductive in the primary conductor can be coupled.

Important Features of the invention of a device for Busarbitration are, that several communication users are connected to a bus, wherein the communication participants means for arbitration and communication on several frequency channels have, wherein the communication participants supplied via a power bus contactless and the communication participants means for non-contact Communication over have the power bus on multiple frequency channels in the OFDM method. Thus, advantageous connectors are savings and it is a System in high degree of protection executable. The advantage here is that at the same transfer rate the communicated signal words via a longer Time span. Thus, the error rate of communication reducible, and are in the transmission path inductive couplings that allow in particular a relative movement.

at an advantageous embodiment, the communication participants via a Energy bus supplies and / or instruct the communication participants Means of communication via the power bus on several frequency channels. Thus are advantageous Cables can be saved.

at an advantageous embodiment, the communication participants Means for determining the zero crossings of the signal for the non-contact power transmission on. Thus, a synchronization of the time segments or timing of the used communication method, such as an OFDM method, feasible.

at an advantageous embodiment are means for generating a phase shift of random Size between two signals available. Thus, a method of avoidance of transmission error by means of redundant signal transmission used.

at an advantageous embodiment are means for data conversion by FFT and / or IFFT available. Thus, a fast conversion of User data in the format of the bus system feasible.

at In an advantageous embodiment, the device comprises means for contactless Energy extraction from a primary conductor on and / or there are means for non-contact power supply. Thus, the benefits non-contact power supply with the advantages the multi-carrier arbitration combined. In particular, the primary conductor is for data communication available.

Important Features of the invention of an inverter are that means for transmission and / or to receive data in the OFDM method, wherein a method for Busarbitration after at least one of previous claims in the inverter executable is. Thus, in the inverter, the method of bus arbitration advantageous for OFDM methods used. In particular, the inverter is thus in the manner of a Module can be integrated in a system with bus arbitration.

Important Features of the invention of a manufacturing facility are that drive units contactless are powered and that over a bus at least between the drive units data interchangeable are, wherein the drive units means for carrying out a inventive method and / or wherein the drive units each have a device according to the invention for Busarbitration include. The advantage here is that a manufacturing plant is formable, at which the merits the non-contact Energy supply with those of a data exchange via a Bus system can be combined. The drive units thus form with the bus a bus system.

The Invention can be used particularly advantageously in multimaster bus systems, especially with FlexRay, Ethernet, CAN, Foundation Fieldbus, PROFIBUS, Interbus or multi-carrier modulation method.

Further advantages emerge from the subclaims. The invention is not limited to the combination of features of the claims. For the expert, further meaningful combination possibilities of claims and / or individual claim features and / or features of Description and / or figures, in particular from the task and / or the task by comparison with the prior art task.

The Invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to figures:

It shows

1 a system for the non-contact power supply of mobile consumers,

2 the frequency spectrum used in the OFDM process,

3 the functional components of a modem for sending and receiving data via the OFDM method,

4 an arbitration procedure using a communication channel,

5 an arbitration procedure using multiple communication channels,

6 the interference of different signals on a communication channel,

7 the dependence of the transmission error rate on the number of users in an arbitration method according to the invention,

8th an arbitration process between two subscribers using eight communication channels,

9 the communication of consumers via a single communication channel,

10 the communication according to the invention of consumers via a plurality of communication channels,

11 an alternative arbitration method using multiple communication channels,

12 an alternative arbitration method using multiple communication channels with a winner bit.

In the 1 is a system for the non-contact power supply of several mobile consumers 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 from an energy source 15 shown. The energy source 15 imprints on a primary conductor 16 a constant medium-frequency current of 25 kHz, which is inductive to secondary coils of the consumer 11 - 14 transmits energy via a weak, resonant coupling. As a consumer 11 - 14 For example, inverter motors are provided. At the secondary coils, capacitors are connected in series or in parallel for energy coupling such that the resonance frequency is approximately equal to the frequency of the medium-frequency current. Advantageously, 25 kHz is chosen for this purpose.

At the power supply 15 are further means for data acquisition and demodulation on the primary conductor 16 intended. The consumers 11 - 14 have the same means and communicate via the primary conductor 16 and the on the power supply 15 provided for.

These Communication takes place via the OFDM method, in which multiple communication channels with different Frequencies are used simultaneously. Under communication channel becomes in this writing a channel in the information-theoretical sense Understood. Each communication channel is used for transmission a medium that, for example, as a frequency band electromagnetic Waves in air or a metallic conductor, as an optical one Ladder or be designed as a separate metallic conductor can. Further media for transmission of signals are known and for the invention can be used. about these channels Signals are transmitted in the form of sinusoidal wave packets.

2 shows the real part of the frequency spectrum used for each channel. The dashed line marks the center frequency of the first channel, that is, the frequency used mainly for the signals transmitted via the first channel. The frequency spectrums of all other channels have no part at this point, which allows the individual channels to be separated. Orthogonality is further related mathematically to a finite time interval. The center frequencies thus form part of an overtone series of a fundamental frequency, in other words integer multiples of a fundamental frequency.

In the in 1 described system 8 channels are used. The frequency band for data transmission extends from 75 kHz to 1200 kHz. The frequencies for data transmission are chosen so that they do not fall on the first three harmonic frequencies of the medium frequency current. In particular, therefore, the frequency bands used around the respective center frequencies do not overlap with the first three harmonic harmonics of the fundamental frequency of the medium frequency current. In this case, a sufficient distance between the values of the frequencies of the medium-frequency current and the values of the frequency bands of the data transmission is provided so that a mutual influence, in particular a coupling of portions of the medium-frequency current into the data transmission, is reduced.

The length ratios are in the plant after 1 such that consumers 11 - 14 receive the OFDM signals as near field signals. Signal transit times are therefore approximately as vanishing, signal wavelengths as infinitely long acceptable.

at further embodiments of the invention is the length of the primary conductor Multiple, in particular more than a tenfold, of the maximum wavelength OFDM signals.

9 schematically shows the communication of consumers 120 over a single communication channel 122 According to the state of the art. This communication channel is designed as a bus line, ie as a cable. The consumers 120 give and receive via a signal coupling 124 Data to and from the communication channel 122 , This signal coupling 124 is based on an inductive coupling or on a coupling via an electrical plug contact.

The consumers 120 communicate with each other in this way or via a data transmission 126 with a central control, not shown, or another bus.

10 schematically shows an embodiment according to the invention of the communication of multiple consumers 130 via communication channels 132.1 - 132.4 , The consumers 130 are each via a signal coupling 134 to the communication channels 132.1 - 132.4 connected. The communication channels are designed as reserved frequency bands in a carrier and thus represent subcarriers. The carrier is realized by a metallic conductor, for example a wire, a cable or a line. The signal coupling 134 is physically inductive. The consumers 130 communicate via the communication channels 132.1 - 132.4 with each other or via a data transmission 136 with a central control, not shown, or another bus, also not shown.

In further exemplary embodiments according to the invention, more than the number of communication channels shown are used 132.1 - 132.4 used. This will be in 10 illustrated by dots.

In further embodiments of the invention, the signal coupling takes place 134 physically capacitive or galvanic.

3 symbolically shows a modem 301 that to a primary conductor 16 is connected to receive and send data. Such a modem 301 is in each of the in 1 shown consumers 11 - 14 integrated.

The modem 301 includes a data source 302 , a data sink 303 , Buffers 304 . 305 , a bus controller 306 , Means for frequency allocation 308 , a random phase generator 309 , Medium 312 for inverse fast Fourier transformation, abbreviated IFFT, mean 313 for fast Fourier transformation, abbreviated FFT, a parallel-to-serial converter 314 , a serial-to-parallel converter 315 , a digital-to-analog converter 316 , an analog-to-digital converter 317 , a bandpass, a high pass, operational amplifier and galvanic decoupling means.

The modem operates as described below. From a data source 302 be over the buffer 304 Data to the bus controller 306 to hand over. The bus controller 306 transfers the data to the means for frequency allocation 308 , The bus controller 306 also controls and monitors the arbitration phase. The means for frequency assignment 308 represent the data of the number representation whose basis is equal to the number of transmission channels used. The calculated number representation is passed on digit by digit in the direction of the arrow. The bus controller actuates via an enable signal 310 the random phase generator 309 which provides a relative phase shift for the two copies of the frequency synthesizer 308 transmitted digits determined. This doubling of the signal with relative phase shift increases the redundancy of the data transmission and thus reduces the failure rate. The digits and the phase shift are sent to a means to IFFT 313 to superpositions of sinusoidal signals according to the numbers composed. These sinusoidal signals are in a parallel-to-serial converter 314 converted into a time-varying signal and a digital-to-analog converter 316 , a high pass, an operational amplifier and a galvanic decoupling element on the bus 16 passed. The bus 16 is designed as an HF strand, so as a multi-core cable, the individual cable cores are insulated from each other. The range from the frequency allocation means 308 to the bus 16 thus represents the area in which the OFDM method is realized.

Conversely, the modem receives 301 via a galvanic decoupling element, an operational amplifier, a bandpass, which in particular separates high-frequency interference and the medium-frequency energy signal, and an analog-to-digital converter 317 time-varying signals transmitted via a serial-to-parallel converter 315 and means for FFT 313 be converted into numbers. Via an amplitude evaluation unit 311 and a frequency allocation means 308 From the transmitted number sequence, a number according to the number representation whose number base equals the number of channels used is determined and sent to the bus controller 306 passed on. The bus controller 306 sends the received data via a buffer 305 to a data sink 303 ,

In a further embodiment, the coupling and decoupling of data takes place on or from the bus 16 not as shown capacitive but inductively or galvanically by means of plugs or by means of penetration thorns in penetration technology.

In another embodiment, the bus 16 designed as a strand in which the individual wires are not electrically isolated from each other.

In another embodiment, the bus 16 given by the physical space or by air, wherein the signal transmission takes place by means of radio transmission.

4 shows the course of an arbitration method according to the prior art, in which therefore only one communication channel is used. Shown is the time course of the two participants 401 . 402 sent signals. This waveform is divided into time segments labeled I, II, III, etc., each of which contains a symbol.

Both participants 401 . 402 start at the same time 403 with their identification 404 in which each user sends his binary coded address while monitoring the broadcast channel. The identification 404 is also identifiable as an identifier. The transfer start 403 and the identification 404 form the communication recording of a participant.

In the first time segment, both participants send 401 . 402 a signal, that is the date "1". In the subsequent time segment only sends a first participant 401 a signal, while the second participant transmits the date "0", so sends no signal. Through the simultaneous monitoring of the transmission channel is the second participant 402 determines that a signal has been sent by another subscriber. Then the participant breaks 402 his program and switches to the listening mode 430 So in the listenonly mode. Here is the listening mode 430 a state of the subscriber in which the subscriber listens to the bus but does not transmit, and waits until the bus is released or until the subscriber identified as transmitting has completed its data transmission.

The first participant 401 continues the transmission of his address. After complete transmission of the address, it starts, user data 410 to send out from address frame 411 and data packets 412 consist. An error checking information 420 includes the transmission 405 from.

Start more than two participants at the same time sending the ID 404 , so these will be one after the other in accordance with the described method in the listening mode 430 override, since each participant is uniquely identifiable by his address.

5 shows the course of an arbitration method in the OFDM method according to the invention. Eight channels are used for communication. In the 5 is shown at the top of the temporal course of the medium-frequency signal 500 including the signal sequence of the first party 501 , the second participant 502 and the third participant 503 ,

With I, II, III are time segments of the same period called the be followed in chronological order. Each time segment serves the transmission a symbol, ie a smallest information unit in the bus system. The sequence of time segments thus corresponds to a clocking of the bus system and an internal clocking of the participants.

The zero crossings of the medium frequency signal 500 are used to synchronize the symbols transmitted in the OFDM method in each time segment, for example by detecting the zero crossing or a synchronization pulse which is emitted in temporal proximity to the zero crossing, that is to say when the instantaneous magnitude of the medium frequency signal 500 below a critical value.

This synchronization causes the participants 501 - 503 synchronously capture the beginning of each new time segment at the same time. Thus, the internal timing of each participant 501 - 503 synchronized with the clocking of the bus system.

The communication participants 501 - 503 have internal clocks that are regularly synchronized in the manner described. The synchronization always takes place when the end of a time segment falls within the range around a zero crossing of the medium-frequency signal.

A method and apparatus for synchronizing using the zero crossing is known from US 5,436,074 DE 103 49 242 B3 known. The subjects of this document are part of embodiments of the invention.

The three participants start at the same time 508 with the identification by sending their numerically encoded address nine digitized. For this purpose, they send out wave packets of different frequencies. At the same time, the channels on which no signal is sent are monitored.

In a first time segment, all three participants send ( 501 . 502 . 503 ) a signal, the first identification unit, on the same channel. None of the three participants noticed another participant, since all send the same signal.

All three participants ( 501 . 502 . 503 ) have in the time segment, not shown, immediately before the first time segment monitors the bus and checked whether another subscriber is already transmitting. The signal was sent in the first time segment because no other participant was already transmitting.

In a second time segment send the first participant 501 and the third participant 503 a signal, the next following identification unit, on the same channel, while the second subscriber 502 does not send. Consequently, the second participant detects 502 that send more participants, and switches to the listening mode 530 , The first participant 501 and the third participant 503 do not notice any further participants, since their transmitted signal coincides with the detected signals.

In a third period of time, the first party sends 501 a signal on a higher center frequency channel than the subscriber 503 , The first participant 501 thus detects that another participant is transmitting. As the third participant 503 used channel is assigned a higher priority than that of the first participant 501 , the first participant changes 501 in the listening mode 530 ,

The to determine the priority used order relation of the communication channels is so like follows: A first participant has a higher priority than one second participant, if he is on a channel of lower frequency as the second participant sends. A participant has a lower one priority as a second participant if he does not send and the second Participant at all on a channel.

After completed identification of the third participant begins 503 with the sending of user data 510 that are made up of address frames 511 and data frames 512 put together. An error checking information 520 includes 509 the transmission.

This error checking information 520 includes in a development also the information that the transfer is completed. This information turns a participant into listening mode 530 causes to start a new send attempt.

In further embodiments, the participants change 501 . 502 each not in the listening mode 530 but in a wait mode. After a fixed period of time or a fixed number of time segments, the participants start 501 . 502 again with the sending of their identification.

at further embodiments be 16, 32, 52 or 88 channels or more used. That for the data transmission reserved frequency band is between 50 kHz and 20 GHz, in particular between 75 kHz and 5 GHz.

at the surveillance of the channels it is possible, that a participant in the node of another participant emitted signal is located, or that at a participant the Signals transmitted by other subscribers on the same channel extinguish.

6 shows the interference of sinusoidal signals 601 - 605 that were sent by different participants on the same channel. Shown as each is the amplitude and phase of each signal as a vector. The individual vectors are shifted for vector addition. The signal resulting from the interference is through the vector 606 represents. A participant recognizes a signal when its vector 606 in the monitored area 607 outside the blind area 608 shows. The angles of the individual vectors 601 - 605 represent phase shifts resulting from the coupling of consumers 11 - 14 in 1 to the primary conductor, for example, by changing the inductance of the coupling coil due to a deviating from a desired arrangement mounting arrangement, by the relocation of the primary conductor and the presence of additional consumers 11 - 14 and / or inductors along the transmission path in the primary conductor 16 result. Also runtime effects of the signals in the primary conductor 16 play a role here with correspondingly long primary conductors 16 ,

7 shows in the upper curve the result of the simulation of the failure rate as a function of the number of participants, being considered a failure, if by interference the signal amplitude is less than -3 dB.

In the method according to the invention, each channel is subdivided into two subchannels. Every participant ( 11 - 14 . 601 - 605 ), which wants to transmit a signal on a channel, transmits this signal on each of the two associated subchannels, but with a randomly determined relative phase shift. Relative phase shift is to be understood as meaning a difference between the initial phases of the sinusoidal signals transmitted on the subchannels, that is to say the phase angle between the deflections of the sinusoidal signals at the beginning of the corresponding time segment. When related to 5 mentioned monitoring the channels are simultaneously ausgewer both sub-channels tet. A signal is detected on a channel if it has been detected on at least one subchannel. Thus, a logical OR operation of the signals of the subchannels is realized. Thus, the likelihood of erroneous evaluation by random destructive interference in a participant ( 11 - 14 . 601 - 605 ) and the result is a simulation of the lower curve in 7 , In other words, the use of a randomly determined, relative shift of the initial phases in the case of destructive interference on a subchannel reduces the likelihood of the occurrence of destructive interference on the other subchannel. The subchannel with destructive interference in this case serves as a reference for the other subchannel, and the randomly determined phase shifts each cause a phase shift on the other subchannel which results in non-destructive interference.

at a further embodiment is used particularly advantageously in the described method, that the subchannels realized by assigned frequencies and associated frequency bands are those whose values have a common divisor.

A method and a device for generating phase shifts in multi-carrier modulation methods is known from the German patent application DE 10 2006 010 900 A1 known. The subjects of this document are part of embodiments of the invention.

8th shows the course of an arbitration, as in the bus controller 306 is shown. Shown is the time profile of the channel assignments (Tr 1 to Tr 8) of two participants, wherein the channels are arranged in a predetermined priority order. The individual columns of the table shown correspond to the time segments of the Bustaktung. An entry "1" means that a signal is sent in the corresponding channel in the corresponding time segment, an entry "0" means that no signal is sent. Both participants take in the monitoring the OR linking both tables was. In the first to fifth time step, neither of the two participants determines that another participant has sent. In the sixth time step, subscriber 2 detects that another subscriber has sent on channel number 5. Since this channel has a higher priority than the self-used channel number 4, subscriber 2 changes to the listening mode. At the same time, subscriber 1 notes that another subscriber has sent on channel number 4. Since this channel has a lower priority than the channel itself used, subscriber 1 continues the transmission.

11 shows an arbitration method between ten subscribers T1-T10 using five communication channels, in which subscribers T1-T10 send a signal on more than one communication channel each in the steps of the arbitration procedure.

The The method described is carried out in the course of successively following clock segments of the Bustaktung. In each clock segment is executed a cycle of the arbitration process. The cycles are below described.

Is shown in 11 the arbitration of a single digit. Each participant T1-T10 has determined from its address a digit having in binary representation exactly three ones and two zeros. This number is entered in the column of each subscriber T1-T10.

in the first cycle of the arbitration process, characterized by the Row with entry 1 in column C, thus sends each participant T1-T10 its Numeral on the bus. On the bus is thus registered under bus Signal "11111" on. This corresponds the first digit of the entry in the columns of the participants at the top of the communication channel, the second place second highest, etc.

in the same clock segment, each participant determines which signal on the communication channels the bus actually is applied. This signal results from the transmitted signal and the signals sent by other participants by overlay in the sense of a logical OR connection. On every communication channel Thus, in a clock segment, the signal "1" is present if and only if a subscriber sends this signal in the clock segment. The participants thus have not just about Means to send, but also about Means for receiving. Preferably, the sending and receiving happens by inductive coupling into a two-pole bus line.

Consequently the participants recognize T7, T8, T9, T10 based on the signal on the Bus that have sent more participants on the first, in the table top, communication channel sent a "1" have, and therefore a higher Have priority. The participants T7, T8, T9 and T10 then go into a listening mode or a wait mode over, characterized by the entry "x" in its column.

The Subscribers T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 do not recognize if more Participants with higher priority have sent. This is indicated by a "v" in the respective column characterized.

The participants with a "v" in their column then send their digit again in a second cycle. This second cycle is shown symbolically in the row with the entry "2" under the column "C". The second cycle occurs in a clock segment of the bus clock that follows the clock segment of the first cycle in time.

Now becomes the second communication channel, starting from the top in the table, compared.

The Participants T4, T5, T6 notice that more participants are on have sent the second communication channel and therefore have a higher priority. You then go into listening mode or wait mode over. Here as well as in the following this becomes again by an entry "x" at the appropriate Symbolizes the place of the table.

The Subscribers T1, T2, T3 do not find another subscriber with a higher priority. They therefore continue the arbitration procedure. Here as well as in the following this is again indicated by an entry "v" in the appropriate place symbolizes the table.

The Subscribers T1, T2, T3 now send their numbers in a third cycle again. This third cycle is in the line with the entry "3" below the column "C" symbolically shown.

in the third cycle will now be the information on the third communication channel compared.

The Participants T2 and T3 recognize that another participant is using a higher one Priority sent has and go into listening mode or wait mode over.

Of the remaining subscribers T1 now sends theirs in a fourth cycle Digit again. This third cycle is in the line with the entry "4" under the column "C" symbolically shown.

Of the Subscriber T1 determines that no other subscriber with higher priority has been sent because its sent digit matches the signal on the bus and the digits allowed are exactly three ones.

These the transmitted digit is the last digit of his address, So he starts sending user data.

These the sent digit is not the last digit of his Address, so drives he and any existing participants who are the same Digit with the next arbitration step, where the next Digit is sent on.

Of the fourth cycle can also be omitted, as participants T1 based on the Signal on the bus already in the third cycle realizes that he is the winner is, and there all further participants after the execution of three communication channels Either winner or eliminated.

If For example, only subscribers T2 and T3 would be present would be in the second Cycle on the bus the signal "11011". Attendees T2 already knew now that he is the winner, and participant T3 that he is leaving becomes.

In the example shown in FIG 11 Although participant T1 already knows in the first cycle that he will be the winner, participant T2 can not recognize that he has to retire because the one on the third communication channel could also come from participant T8. It therefore requires another cycle.

The The ordinal relation used is thus the ordinary order relation between Numbers, where the top communication channel in the table is the highest Potency in binary representation assigned.

at a further embodiment in turn, only communication channels were evaluated in the cycles, where ever one One was sent. This can be seen by the signal on the bus.

at further embodiments only digits with a fixed number of ones and zeros in binary representation permitted, wherein the number of ones of three is different and / or where the sum of the number of ones and the number of zeros of five different is.

The procedure according to 11 has compared to the method 8th the advantage that each digit transmits a greater amount of information. For example, with five channels, five different digits are not analogous to a method 8th but ten different numbers transferable, which are shown in Table 11.

Especially favorable conditions arise when the number of ones in about, so to one Difference of zero or one, equal to the number of allowed zeros is. Then, from a combinatorial point of view, is the number of digits available maximum.

The described method can also be used if the number of ones in each permissible digit is not fixed. In this case, all communication channels are processed one after the other in cycles, but at least as many until the winner is determined, ie also for the remaining participants stands.

12 shows another inventive Arbitrationsverfahren in the form of a table. Shown are three participants T1, T2 and T3, each sending a digit on a bus. The numbers are each four digits in binary, a limitation of the number of ones does not exist.

In the framed row shows a reserved communication channel not for the transmission the digits of the address is used, but for the premature Completion of the arbitration. This communication channel is used to transmit a Winner bits to all participants that indicates if a winner the arbitration is fixed, so that the other participants the arbitration can finish.

In the example below 12 a subscriber T1 sends the number "0010", T2 the number "1010" and T3 the number "1011".

Attendees T1 recognizes that more subscribers are sending higher priority and changes to a wait mode.

Attendees T3 recognizes from the signal on the bus that he is the winner is because no participant has on a communication channel on the T1 sent a zero, sent a one.

Attendees T2 and T3 resend their address. T3 also sends out the reserved communication channel a one to signal that he is winner. This is framed in the table by the lower one Area marked.

Attendees T2 can not tell from the signal on the bus if the other one Subscriber sent a "1011" or a "1001" Has. In the latter case would be he winner. But there on the additional Channel is sent one, it goes into the waiting mode.

By the use of the reserved channel for signaling thus becomes shortened the duration of the arbitration on average.

The reserved channel is also in the example below 11 advantageously usable. In this case, subscriber T1 could already signal his superiority over the other subscribers in the first cycle. In the case that only subscribers T4, T5 and T6 are present, T4 can already signal its superiority in the second cycle.

In further embodiments, the already processed communication channels are not sent again in the individual cycles, but the numbers are truncated or truncated. An evaluation of the relevant intercepted communication channels is omitted, or the respective communication channels are not heard and / or not acted upon by signals. The omission or hiding of these communication channels takes place according to a fixed scheme, a set order, which is known to all participants. For example, in the description to 11 shown first repeats the top communication channel - in the table of 11 -, then omitted the second highest communication channel and so on in the evaluation. Since for the respective hidden or suppressed communication channels, a comparison of the priorities already took place in the previous clock, a new comparison would not give anything new, because all remaining participants send the same signal on this communication channel.

at further embodiments is the number of subchannels each channel further increased, which further reduces the failure rate.

at further embodiments the full circle is divided into a number of equally sized subcircuits, and the random, relative phase shift is in steps of this discretization certainly. Particularly advantageous is the use of 90 ° or 180 ° steps, since in this case the relative phase shift of the signals by sign changes in the real or imaginary parts of the Fourier transformed signals.

at further embodiments the frequency of the medium frequency current is between 10 kHz and 100 kHz.

at a further embodiment The bus system is comprised of a plant whose spatial Dimension is chosen so big that in signal transmission between two communication participants of the receiving communication participants essentially the far field of the sending communication user outgoing signal detected. In this case, the invention advantageous transmission error avoided by the arrangement of a participant in the node of Signals of another participant are caused.

The invention generally relates to a method for bus arbitration for use in multi-carrier modulation methods, for example OFDM or FDM. Each subscriber on a bus is assigned a unique subscriber-identifying address, which is sent each time a communication is received. Here, the address is represented as a sequence of binary digits, where the number of bits of the binary Numbers equal to the number of carriers used in the multi-carrier modulation method. This sequence of binary digits is successively sent for arbitration via the multicarrier modulation method, with one subscriber dropping out of arbitration if another subscriber simultaneously sent a higher priority binary digit. The sending of the binary digit can be repeated if the arbitration of the digit does not lead to a result in one step. In a system for non-contact power supply, the method for Busarbitration is advantageously used. Redundant transmission of out-of-phase signals reduces the failure rate due to random destructive interference.

11 12, 13, 14

consumer

15

energy

16

primary conductor

120

consumer

122

communication channel

124

signal coupling

126

data transmission

130

consumer

132.1-132.4

communication channel

134

signal coupling

136

data transmission

301

modem

302

Data Source

303

data sink

304 305

buffer

306

bus controller

308

medium for frequency assignment

309

Random phase generator

310

Enable signal

311

amplitude evaluation

312

medium for Inverse Fast Fourier Transformation (IFFT)

313

medium for fast Fourier transformation (FFT)

314

Parallel to serial converter

315

Serial-to-parallel converter

316

Digital to analog converter

317

Analog to digital converter

401 402

Attendees

403

transmission start

404

ID

405

end of transmission

410

payload

411

address frame

412

data packet

420

error checking

430

Listening mode

500

Transmission Ratio for Medium signal

501

first Attendees

502

second Attendees

503

third Attendees

504

ID

508

start broadcasting

509

end of transmission

510

payload

511

address frame

512

data frames

520

error checking

530

Listening mode

601-605

signals

606

resulting signal

607

Monitored Area

608

blind Area

Claims (18)

Method for bus arbitration,  where participants, the above communicate a bus, each one uniquely identifying Sequence is assigned by identification units,  being a Number of n numbered bidirectional communication channels used becomes, where the number n is greater than one is,  wherein at least one communication participant one Executes communication recording, in which he at the start of communication in a first period of time for communication recording verifies if another participant with a higher priority initiates communication executing, being the priority by comparing the transmitted in communication recording via the communication channels Information and the communication recording of the other Participants over the communication channels received information is determined,  the first period includes several time segments, wherein a) in a first time segment sent by a communication participant an identification unit via the communication channels and simultaneously on all communication channels adjacent signals are detected, b1) if they match the detected signals with the sent identification unit the communication participant in one on the first time segment following time segment with a next one Identification unit according to step a) continues, d) after shipment of the complete Identification of the communication participants with the transmission of user data begins  where the communication channels are different from each other frequency bands on a common carrier are. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in that the signals are transmitted in the OFDM method via the communication channels become. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that b2) in case of deviation of the detected signals from the sent identification unit of Kommunikati On the basis of the deviating, detected signals, the priorities of the further communication subscribers are determined, the signals have been sent and the communication subscriber continues in a time segment following the current time segment with a next identification unit according to step a) if no subscriber has a higher priority. Method according to one of the preceding claims, thereby marked that c) the communication participant in one Listening mode or a wait mode changes if it is not the highest priority under the identified priorities has. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the time segments are the clock segments of a bus clocking are. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the communication channels for both arbitration as also for transmission be used by user data. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the carrier additionally for communication also to contactless power transmission is used, in particular the carrier as a primary conductor a system for contactless Energy supply is formed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the identification units are inductive in the carrier coupled and inductively coupled out of the carrier. Manufacturing facility comprising drive units, the non-contact are powered, and a bus, at least between the drive units are data interchangeable, characterized, that the drive units means for performing a method according to at least one of the preceding claims. Device for bus arbitration,  with several Communication participants are connected to a bus, in which the communication participants means for arbitration and communication on several frequency channels exhibit characterized in that the communication participants over one Energy bus contactless be supplied and the communication participants means for contactless Communication over have the power bus on multiple frequency channels in the OFDM method. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that that the communication participants supplied via a power bus be and / or the communication means of communication over the Have energy bus on multiple frequency channels. Device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized that the communication participants have means for determining the zero crossings of the Signal for the non-contact power transmission exhibit. Device according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized that means for there is generation of a phase shift of random magnitude between two signals are. Device according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized that means for data conversion by means of FFT and / or IFFT are available. Device according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized that the device means for non-contact energy extraction from a primary conductor having. inverter,  characterized in that  medium for transmitting and / or receiving data in the OFDM method via a Bus are available  a method for bus arbitration according to a claims 1 to 8 executable in the inverter is and that a device according to one of the preceding claims 10 to 15 is included. Converter according to claim 16, characterized in that that means for contactless Power supply are available. Production plant, characterized in that drive units contactless are powered and each a device for Busarbitration according to at least one of the preceding claims 10 to 15, wherein at least between the drive units data are exchangeable.