DE102012004314A1 - Method for producing a thin Si absorber layer, thin-film silicon absorber and its use - Google Patents
Method for producing a thin Si absorber layer, thin-film silicon absorber and its use Download PDFInfo
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- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004518 low pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-[6-[[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C(CNC=2C=3N=CN(C=3N=CN=2)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C)=C1 BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical class OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005499 laser crystallization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004857 zone melting Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Das Verfahren zur Herstellung einer dünnen Si-Absorberschicht umfasst mindestens die Verfahrensschritte: Erzeugen einer Si-Saatschicht auf einem Substrat, wobei zunächst eine a-Si-Schicht mit einer Dicke < 40 nm oder < 40 nm aufgebracht und anschließend derart kristallisiert wird, dass im ersten Fall in der Saatschicht Si-Körner mit einer (100)-Vorzugsorientierung und im zweiten Fall in der Saatschicht Si-Körner mit einer (111)-Vorzugsorientierung ausgebildet werden, anschließende Abscheidung einer 5 μm bis 15 μm dicken a-Si-Absorberschicht auf die nunmehr Körner mit einer Vorzugsrichtung aufweisende Saatschicht, die danach in einem einzigen Schritt mindestens teilweise aufgeschmolzen und derart kristallisiert wird, dass in der Si-Absorberschicht im Vergleich zur kristallisierten Saatschicht vergrößerte Si-Körner einer Vorzugsorientierung, entsprechend der ursprünglichen Textur der Saatschicht, ausbildbar sind, und abschließende Strukturierung der Oberfläche der Si-Absorberschicht.The method for producing a thin Si absorber layer comprises at least the method steps: producing a Si seed layer on a substrate, wherein initially an a-Si layer having a thickness <40 nm or <40 nm is applied and then crystallized in such a way that First case in the seed layer Si grains with a (100) preferred orientation and in the second case in the seed layer Si grains are formed with a (111) preferred orientation, subsequent deposition of a 5 .mu.m to 15 .mu.m thick a-Si absorber layer the now grains having a preferred direction seed layer, which is then at least partially melted in a single step and crystallized such that in the Si absorber layer compared to the crystallized seed layer enlarged Si grains of a preferred orientation, according to the original texture of the seed layer can be formed , and final structuring of the surface of the Si absorber Bersch maybe.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer dünnen Si-Absorberschicht, einen Dünnschicht-Silizium-Absorber und seine Verwendung.The invention relates to a method for producing a thin Si absorber layer, a thin-film silicon absorber and its use.
Dem Stand der Technik nach ist eine Vielzahl von Verfahren zur Herstellung dünner Absorborberschichten, insbesondere polykristalliner Si-Schichten, bekannt, die mindestens einen Verfahrensschritt zur Rekristallisation einer a-Si-Schicht aufweisen.According to the state of the art, a large number of processes are known for producing thin absorber layers, in particular polycrystalline Si layers, which have at least one process step for recrystallizing an a-Si layer.
So ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer kristallinen Si-Dünnschicht-Solarzelle im IHPT Jena entwickelt worden, was u. a. beschrieben ist in
Allgemein aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist zur großflächigen Rekristallisation von amorphen Precursor-Schichten neben der erwähnten Möglichkeit mittels Laserstrahl auch eine Rekristallisation mittels Elektronenstrahl.Generally known from the prior art is for large-area recrystallization of amorphous precursor layers in addition to the possibility mentioned by means of laser beam also recrystallization by electron beam.
Ein derartiges Rekristallisationsverfahren ist in
Die Wirkung einer Vorzugsorientierung der Körner eines polykristallinen Si-Dünnschichtfilms – insbesondere für photovoltaische Anwendungen – wird in
Über entstehende Vorzugsorientierungen von Körnern in polykristallinen Si-Dünnschichten nach der Rekristallisation einer amorphen Si-Schicht mit einem Excimer-Laser mit einer Vielzahl von Laserschüssen auf unterschiedlichen Substraten wurde in einigen Veröffentlichungen berichtet. So wird beispielsweise in
Allgemein bekannt ist, dass die elektronischen Eigenschaften von polykristallinem Si für die Anwendung von Dünnfilm-Transistoren und Dünnfilm-Solarzellen hauptsächlich durch die Größe und die Orientierung der Körner der grobkristallinen Si-Schicht bestimmt wird.It is generally known that the electronic properties of polycrystalline Si for the application of thin-film transistors and thin-film solar cells is determined mainly by the size and orientation of the grains of the coarsely crystalline Si layer.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es nun, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer dünnen Si-Absorberschicht anzugeben, bei dem über die Einstellung der Größe und der Vorzugsorientierung der polykristallinen grobkörnigen Si-Absorberschicht die elektronischen Eigenschaften der Absorberschicht beeinflussbar sind, das eine Implementierung effektiver Lichteinfangstrukturen ermöglicht und das einfacher und leichter skalierbar im Vergleich zu bekannten Verfahren ist.The object of the invention is therefore to specify a method for producing a thin Si absorber layer in which the electronic properties of the absorber layer can be influenced by adjusting the size and preferred orientation of the polycrystalline coarse-grained Si absorber layer, which enables an implementation of effective light capture structures and the easier and more scalable compared to known methods.
Die Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche 1 oder 2 gelöst.The object is solved by the features of
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung einer dünnen Si-Absorberschicht weist mindestens die folgenden Verfahrensschritte auf:
- – Erzeugen einer Si-Saatschicht auf einem Substrat, wobei zunächst eine a-Si-Schicht mit einer Dicke < 40 nm aufgebracht und anschließend derart kristallisiert wird, dass in der Saatschicht Si-Körner mit einer (100)-Vorzugsorientierung ausgebildet werden,
- – anschließende Abscheidung einer 5 μm bis 15 μm dicken a-Si-Absorberschicht auf die nunmehr Körner aufweisende Saatschicht, die danach in einem einzigen Schritt mindestens teilweise aufgeschmolzen und derart kristallisiert wird, dass in der Si-Absorberschicht im Vergleich zur Saatschicht vergrößerte Si-Körner einer Vorzugsorientierung, entsprechend der ursprünglichen Textur der Saatschicht, ausbildbar sind, und
- – anschließende Strukturierung der Oberfläche der Si-Absorberschicht.
- Producing a Si seed layer on a substrate, wherein an a-Si layer having a thickness of <40 nm is first applied and then crystallized in such a way that Si grains having a (100) preferred orientation are formed in the seed layer,
- - Subsequent deposition of a 5 microns to 15 microns thick a-Si absorber layer on the seeds now having grains, which is then at least partially melted in a single step and crystallized such that in the Si absorber layer in comparison to the seed layer enlarged Si grains a preferred orientation, according to the original texture of the seed layer, can be formed, and
- - Subsequent structuring of the surface of the Si absorber layer.
Wird in dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eine > 40 nm dicke a-Si-Schicht zur Ausbildung einer Si-Saatschicht aufgebracht, bilden sich bei der Kristallisation der a-Si-Schicht Si-Körner mit einer (111)-Vorzugsorientierung.If in the method according to the invention a> 40 nm thick a-Si layer is applied to form an Si seed layer, Si grains with a (111) preferred orientation form during the crystallization of the a-Si layer.
Im ersten Kristallisationsschritt der beiden Varianten des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, nämlich der Kristallisation der als ersten aufgebrachten und als Saatschicht wirkenden a-Si-Schicht wird das überraschend gewonnene Ergebnis ausgenutzt, dass – unabhängig von der Art des Abscheidens der a-Si-Schicht und vom darunter liegenden Substrat – beim Kristallisationsprozess Si-Körner einer (100)-Vorzugsorientierung bei einer aufgebrachten Schichtdicke kleiner als 40 nm oder einer (111)-Vorzugsorientierung bei einer Schichtdicke größer als 40 nm ausgebildet werden. Verfahren zur Kristallisation sind dem Fachmann aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Im zweiten Kristallisationsschritt entsteht eine großkörnige polykristalline Si-Schicht, die noch die Orientierungsinformation der Saatschicht besitzt und überwiegend (100) orientiert ist. Der zweite Kristallisationsschritt kann entweder dadurch realisiert werden, dass der Schichtstapel nur teilweise aufgeschmolzen wird, so dass die Saatschicht erhalten bleibt, oder dadurch, dass der Schichtstapel – also Absorberschicht und Saatschicht – vollständig aufgeschmolzen wird und durch die eingestellte Ziehgeschwindigkeit die Orientierungsinformation aus den bereits erstarrten Bereichen der Schmelze, d. h. hinter der Kristallisationsfront, in der lateralen Bewegung erhalten bleibt. Die relativ große – im Vergleich zu aus dem Stand der Technik bekannter – Dicke, in der die Absorberschicht abgeschieden wird, ermöglicht die Strukturierung der Oberfläche der polykristallinen Si-Absorberschicht zur Erzeugung von „light trapping” Strukturen, da bei diesem Prozess 1 bis 2 μm abgetragen werden.In the first crystallization step of the two variants of the process according to the invention, namely the crystallization of the a-Si layer which is applied first and acts as a seed layer, the surprisingly obtained result is exploited, irrespective of the type of deposition of the a-Si layer and of below In the case of the crystallization process, Si grains of a (100) preferred orientation are formed at an applied layer thickness of less than 40 nm or a (111) preferred orientation at a layer thickness greater than 40 nm. Crystallization processes are known to those skilled in the art. In the second crystallization step, a large-grained polycrystalline Si layer is formed, which still has the orientation information of the seed layer and is predominantly (100) oriented. The second crystallization step can either be realized in that the layer stack is only partially melted, so that the seed layer is retained, or characterized in that the layer stack - ie absorber layer and seed layer - is completely melted and by the set pull rate, the orientation information from the already solidified Areas of the melt, d. H. behind the crystallization front, in which lateral movement is maintained. The relatively large thickness, in which the absorber layer is deposited, as compared to the state of the art, enables the structuring of the surface of the polycrystalline Si absorber layer to produce "light trapping" structures, since in this process 1 to 2 μm be removed.
In Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die a-Si-Saatschicht mittels CVD oder PVD aufgebracht wird. Das Aufbringen der a-Si-Saatschicht ist nicht auf die genannten Verfahren beschränkt.In embodiments of the invention it is provided that the a-Si seed layer is applied by means of CVD or PVD. The application of the a-Si seed layer is not limited to the mentioned methods.
Die Kristallisation der Saatschicht wird mit einem cw- oder gepulsten Laserstrahl oder einem Elektronenstrahl durchgeführt, die a-Si-Absorberschicht wird mittels eines lateral über die Schicht geführten Elektronen- oder Laserstrahls kristallisiert.The crystallization of the seed layer is carried out with a cw or pulsed laser beam or an electron beam, the a-Si absorber layer is crystallized by means of a laterally guided over the layer electron or laser beam.
Als eine optionale Schicht kann vor dem Aufbringen einer a-Si Schicht zur Erzeugung einer Saatschicht eine zusätzliche als Diffusionsbarriere und/oder Kontaktschicht und/oder Dotierstoffquelle wirkende Schicht mit einer Dicke zwischen 5 nm und 500 nm auf dem Substrat abgeschieden werden. Als Material für die vor dem Abscheiden der a-Si-Saatschicht aufgebrachte Schicht wird insbesondere amorpher Silizium-Kohlenstoff oder Silizuimcarbid Si1-xCx mit 0 < x < 1 oder Siliziumnitrid (SiNx) verwendet, wahlweise undotiert oder mit mindestens einem der folgenden Elemente dotiert: Bor, Phosphor, Aluminium, Antimon, Arsen oder Indum.As an optional layer, an additional layer acting as a diffusion barrier and / or contact layer and / or dopant source with a thickness of between 5 nm and 500 nm can be deposited on the substrate prior to the application of an a-Si layer to produce a seed layer. The material used for the layer deposited prior to the deposition of the a-Si seed layer is, in particular, amorphous silicon carbon or silicon carbide Si 1-x C x with 0 <x <1 or silicon nitride (SiN x ), optionally undoped or with at least one of The following elements are doped: boron, phosphorus, aluminum, antimony, arsenic or indium.
In anderen Ausführungsformen wird als Substrat eine Folie, mindestens aufweisend eines der folgenden Elemente: Fe, Ti, Cr, V, Ni, Mo, W oder Ta, oder ein Gemenge, mindestens aufweisend eines der folgenden Elemente: C, N oder 0 sowie mindestens eines der folgenden Metallen wie Fe, Ni, Ti oder Al in unterschiedlichen Anteilen, verwendet wird.In other embodiments, the substrate is a film, at least one of the following elements: Fe, Ti, Cr, V, Ni, Mo, W or Ta, or a mixture comprising at least one of the following elements: C, N or O and at least one of the following metals such as Fe, Ni, Ti or Al in different proportions is used.
Zur Erhöhung der Lichteinfangstrukturen wird die Oberfläche der kristallisierten Absorberschicht mittels eines Ätzprozesses mit einer KOH-/Isopropanol-Lösung strukturiert, die anschließend nachgereinigt und/oder planarisiert werden kann.To increase the light-capture structures, the surface of the crystallized absorber layer is patterned by means of an etching process with a KOH / isopropanol solution, which can subsequently be post-cleaned and / or planarized.
Auf die texturierte Oberfläche der Absorberschicht kann nun zur Vervollständigung des Solarzellenaufbaus ein Heterostruktur-Emitter aus amorphem Silizium (a:Si:H) aufgebracht werden. Abschließend wird eine TCO-Schicht deponiert, die die laterale Leitfähigkeit auf der Vorderseite der Solarzelle garantiert.To complete the solar cell assembly, a heterostructure emitter of amorphous silicon (a: Si: H) can now be applied to the textured surface of the absorber layer. Finally, a TCO layer is deposited, which guarantees the lateral conductivity on the front side of the solar cell.
Wird die Saatschicht und die Absorberschicht mittels Elektronenstrahl kristallisiert, so wird in einer weiteren Ausführungsform die Temperatur der aufgeschmolzenen Schicht durch Messung der Farbtemperatur des Elektronenstrahl-Auftreffpunktes ermittelt. Dieses Signal kann als Regelgröße verwendet werden, so dass auch ohne Detail-Kenntnisse der Probenparameter wie Dicke und Art des Substrates oder Dicke der aufgebrachten Si-Schicht eine präzise Steuerung der Rekristallisation und damit der Korngröße möglich ist.If the seed layer and the absorber layer are crystallized by means of electron beam, the temperature of the molten layer is determined in a further embodiment by measuring the color temperature of the electron beam impact point. This signal can be used as a control variable, so that even without detailed knowledge of the sample parameters such as thickness and type of substrate or thickness of the applied Si layer precise control of the recrystallization and thus the grain size is possible.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch einen Dünnschicht-Si-Absorber mit einer Dicke zwischen 5 μm und 15 μm, ausgebildet als grobkörnige polykristalline Schicht mit (100)-Vorzugsorientierung, wobei die Körner eine Größe bis zur Dicke der Absorberschicht aufweisen, und mit auf der Oberfläche angeordneten Lichteinfangstrukturen, herstellbar durch die folgenden Verfahrensschritte: Erzeugen einer Si-Saatschicht auf einem Substrat durch Aufbringen einer 20 nm bis 40 nm dicken a-Si-Schicht und Kristallisation dieser Schicht derart mittels eines Schmelzverfahrens, dass in der Schicht grobe Si-Körner einer Vorzugsorientierung (100) ausbildbar sind, anschließende Abscheidung einer 5 μm bis 15 μm dicken a-Si-Absorberschicht auf die grobkörnige Saatschicht, die danach in einem einzigen Schritt mindestens teilweise aufgeschmolzen und derart kristallisiert wird, dass in der Si-Absorberschicht im Vergleich zur Saatschicht vergrößerte Si-Körner einer Vorzugsorientierung (100) ausbildbar sind, und abschließende Texturierung der Si-Absorberschicht. The invention also relates to a thin-film Si absorber having a thickness between 5 μm and 15 μm, formed as a coarse-grained polycrystalline layer with (100) preferred orientation, the grains having a size up to the thickness of the absorber layer, and arranged on the surface Light capture structures, producible by the following method steps: producing a Si seed layer on a substrate by applying a 20 nm to 40 nm thick a-Si layer and crystallizing this layer by means of a melting process such that coarse Si grains of a preferred orientation ( 100) can be formed, followed by deposition of a 5 .mu.m to 15 .mu.m thick a-Si absorber layer on the coarse-grained seed layer, which is then at least partially melted in a single step and crystallized such that in the Si absorber layer in comparison to the seed layer enlarged Si Grains of a preferred orientation (100) can be formed, u nd final texturing of the Si absorber layer.
Die Erfindung umfasst auch einen Dünnschecht-Si-Absorber mit einer Dicke zwischen 5 μm und 15 μm, ausgebildet als grobkörnige polykristalline Schicht mit (111)-Vorzugsorientierung. Einzigster und wichtigster Unterschied zum vorher beschriebenen Dünnschicht-Si-Absorber ist das Aufbringen einer 40 nm dicken a-Si Saatschicht und deren Kristallisation mit dem Ergebnis der Ausbildung einer Si-Saatschicht mit Körnern, die eine (111)-Vorzugsorientierung aufweisen, die dann im Folgeschritt vergrößert werden und die Information über ihre Orientierung auf die Absorberschicht übertragen.The invention also encompasses a thin-sheen Si absorber having a thickness between 5 μm and 15 μm, formed as a coarse-grained polycrystalline layer with (111) preferred orientation. The sole and most important difference to the previously described thin-film Si absorber is the application of a 40 nm thick a-Si seed layer and its crystallization resulting in the formation of an Si seed layer with grains having a (111) preferential orientation, which is then in the Subsequent step are enlarged and transfer the information about their orientation to the absorber layer.
Die Erfindung umfasst weiterhin die Verwendung des mit dem beschriebenen Verfahren hergestellten Dünnschicht-Si-Absorbers, aufweisend mindestens eine texturierte Si-Absorberschicht mit einer Dicke zwischen 5 und 15 μm, ausgebildet als grobkörnige polykristalline Schicht mit (100)-Vorzugsorientierung, zur Herstellung einer Solarzelle, wobei die Solarzelle als p/n- oder n/p-Struktur und/oder in einer Substrat- oder Superstrat-Konfiguration ausgebildet ist und/oder einen diffundierten Emitter oder einen Hetero-Emitter aufweist.The invention further comprises the use of the thin-film Si absorber produced by the described method, comprising at least one textured Si absorber layer with a thickness of between 5 and 15 μm, formed as a coarse-grained polycrystalline layer with (100) preferred orientation, for producing a solar cell wherein the solar cell is formed as a p / n or n / p structure and / or in a substrate or superstrate configuration and / or has a diffused emitter or a hetero-emitter.
Auf einem Dünnschicht-Si-Absorber mit (111)-Vorzugsorientierung, hergestellt mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren, kann bespielsweise eine a-Si-Emitterschicht deponiert werden. Die dabei entstehende ideale (plane) Oberfläche ist vorteilhaft für die nachfolgenden Prozessierungsschritte für eine Dünnschicht-Solarzelle.On a thin-film Si absorber with (111) preferred orientation, produced by the method according to the invention, for example, an a-Si emitter layer can be deposited. The resulting ideal (planar) surface is advantageous for the subsequent processing steps for a thin-film solar cell.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden Ausführungsbeispiel anhand von Figuren näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail in the following embodiment with reference to figures.
Dabei zeigenShow
Auf ein Glassubstrat wird eine 30 nm dicke amorphe Si-Schicht als Saatschicht aufgebracht. Diese Saatschicht wird mittels Laser kristallisiert, wobei die Schicht einem gepulsten UV-Excimer Laser mit einer homogenisierten Strahlfläche ca. 100 Laserpulsen mit einer Pulslänge von 5 bis 250 ns ausgesetzt wird. Die Laserfluence wird ensprechend der Bedingungen für ein „Super Lateral Growth” (SLG) gewählt. In
In
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- DE 10042733 A1 [0003] DE 10042733 A1 [0003]
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Zitierte Nicht-PatentliteraturCited non-patent literature
- FVS • PV-UNI-NETZ/Workshop 2003/Poster II/S. 170–177 oder in 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 1–5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain, pp. 2194–2198 [0003] FVS • PV-UNI-NETWORK / Workshop 2003 / Poster II / S. 170-177 or 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain, pp. 2194-2198 [0003]
- Progr. Photovolt: Res. Appl. (2011); DOI: 101002/pip [0005] Progr. Photovolt: Res. Appl. (2011); DOI: 101002 / pip [0005]
- Thin Solid Films 516, 6989–6993 (2008) [0006] Thin Solid Films 516, 6989-6993 (2008) [0006]
- J. Appl. Phys. 89, 5348 (2001) [0007] J. Appl. Phys. 89, 5348 (2001) [0007]
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- J. Appl. Phys. 100, 083103 (2006) [0007] J. Appl. Phys. 100, 083103 (2006) [0007]
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