DE102013212639A1 - grinding tool - Google Patents
grinding tool Download PDFInfo
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- DE102013212639A1 DE102013212639A1 DE102013212639.5A DE102013212639A DE102013212639A1 DE 102013212639 A1 DE102013212639 A1 DE 102013212639A1 DE 102013212639 A DE102013212639 A DE 102013212639A DE 102013212639 A1 DE102013212639 A1 DE 102013212639A1
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- abrasive
- grinding
- abrasive grains
- grinding tool
- segments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
- B24D7/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
Abstract
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Schleifwerkzeug (10), das zu einer Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks in einer Hauptschleifrichtung (12) vorgesehen ist, mit einer Schleifmittelunterlage (14) und mit einer Vielzahl insbesondere keramischer Schleifkörner (16) mit definierter Schleifkorngeometrie, die zumindest eine Spankante (18) aufweisen. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Schleifkörner (16) eine zumindest gruppenweise zumindest im Wesentlichen gemeinsame Orientierung ihrer Spankanten (18) bezüglich der Hauptschleifrichtung (12) aufweisenThe invention is based on a grinding tool (10), which is provided for machining a workpiece in a main grinding direction (12), with an abrasive backing (14) and with a large number of, in particular ceramic, abrasive grains (16) with defined grinding grain geometry, the at least one chip edge (18). It is proposed that the abrasive grains (16) have an at least essentially common orientation of their chip edges (18) with respect to the main grinding direction (12), at least in groups
Description
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Es ist bereits ein Schleifwerkzeug, das zu einer Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks in einer Hauptschleifrichtung vorgesehen ist, mit einer Schleifmittelunterlage und mit einer Vielzahl insbesondere keramischer Schleifkörner mit definierter Schleifkorngeometrie, die zumindest eine Spankante aufweisen, vorgeschlagen worden.There has already been proposed a grinding tool provided for working a workpiece in a main grinding direction with an abrasive base and a plurality of, in particular, ceramic abrasive grains having a defined abrasive grain geometry having at least one chipping edge.
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Schleifwerkzeug, das zu einer Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks in einer Hauptschleifrichtung vorgesehen ist, mit einer Schleifmittelunterlage und mit einer Vielzahl insbesondere keramischer Schleifkörner mit definierter Schleifkorngeometrie, die zumindest eine Spankante aufweisen.The invention is based on a grinding tool, which is intended for machining a workpiece in a main grinding direction, with an abrasive backing and with a plurality of, in particular, ceramic abrasive grains having a defined abrasive grain geometry, which have at least one chip edge.
Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Schleifkörner eine zumindest gruppenweise zumindest im Wesentlichen gemeinsame Orientierung ihrer Spankanten bezüglich der Hauptschleifrichtung aufweisen. Unter einem „Schleifwerkzeug“ soll in diesem Zusammenhang ein Werkzeug verstanden werden, das zu einer Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks in einem Schleifverfahren vorgesehen ist. Unter einem „Schleifverfahren“ soll ein spanabhebendes Bearbeitungsverfahren mit einer Vielzahl unbestimmter Schneiden verstanden werden. Abhängig von einer definierten Orientierung von Spankanten des Schleifwerkzeugs kann sich das Schleifverfahren einer spanabhebenden Bearbeitung mit bestimmter Schneide annähern. Unter einer „Hauptschleifrichtung“ soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere eine Richtung einer Arbeitsbewegung bezogen auf das Schleifwerkzeug verstanden werden, in der das Schleifwerkzeug bevorzugt über das Werkstück bewegt wird und/oder in der es die größte Effizienz aufweist. Eine Bewegung in Hauptschleifrichtung kann eine gerade Bewegung sein oder, insbesondere bei einem scheibenförmigen Schleifwerkzeug wie einer Schleifscheibe, eine Bewegung in Umfangsrichtung der Schleifscheibe. Insbesondere kann die Schleifscheibe um ihr Zentrum rotierend angetrieben werden, um eine Bewegung der Schleifscheibe in Hauptschleifrichtung zu erzeugen. Unter einer „Schleifmittelunterlage“ soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere ein Trägermaterial des Schleifwerkzeugs verstanden werden. Die Schleifmittelunterlage kann bei einem als Schleifpapier ausgebildeten Schleifwerkzeug insbesondere ein Papier, ein Textilmaterial und/oder eine Folie aufweisen. Die Schleifmittelunterlage einer Schleifscheibe kann ein in einem Matrixmaterial eingebettetes Gewebe aufweisen, insbesondere ein GFK-Material (Glasfaserverstärkter Kunststoff) oder besonders bevorzugt ein CFK-Material (Kohlefaserverstärkter Kunststoff). Dem Fachmann sind weitere geeignete Materialien bekannt, die eine Schleifmittelunterlage bilden können. Unter einem „Schleifkorn“ soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere ein kornförmiger Körper verstanden werden, der zu einer spanabhebenden Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks mit einer Schneide vorgesehen ist. Bevorzugt weisen die Schleifkörner eine Korngröße von weniger als 3 mm, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 2 mm, auf. Unter einer „Korngröße“ soll in diesem Zusammenhang ein durch Siebung ermittelter Äquivalenzdurchmesser der Schleifkörner verstanden werden. Die Schleifkörner können bevorzugt zumindest überwiegend von einem Keramikmaterial gebildet sein, insbesondere können die Schleifkörner ein polykristallines Keramikmaterial enthalten oder aus diesem bestehen. Bevorzugt enthalten die Schleifkörner Aluminiumoxid, besonders bevorzugt α-Al2O3. Unter einer „definierten Schleifkorngeometrie“ soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere verstanden werden, dass die Schleifkörner innerhalb von Fertigungstoleranzen eine definierte Sollgeometrie aufweisen. Insbesondere sind die Schleifkörner in einem formgebenden Verfahren hergestellt, bevorzugt in einem Urformverfahren wie einem Gussverfahren, insbesondere Schlickerguss. Unter „Schlickerguss“ soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere ein Verfahren verstanden werden, bei dem ein Grünkörper durch Gießen einer als „Schlicker“ bezeichneten Mischung aus einer Flüssigkeit und feinkörnigen Feststoffen in die Form mit einem anschließenden Trocknungsvorgang hergestellt wird. Durch den Trocknungsvorgang wird dem Schlicker die Flüssigkeit so weit entzogen, dass sich der Grünkörper verfestigt. Bevorzugt wird in einem anschließenden Sinter- oder auch Brennvorgang der Grünkörper gehärtet. Unter einer „Spankante“ soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere eine Kante der Schleifkorngeometrie des Schleifkorns verstanden werden, die zu der spanabhebenden Bearbeitung des Werkstücks vorgesehen ist. Unter einer „Orientierung einer Spankante bezüglich der Hauptschleifrichtung“ soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere eine Orientierung einer Spankantenrichtung der Spankante bezüglich der Hauptschleifrichtung verstanden werden. Unter einer „Spankantenrichtung“ soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere eine mittlere Richtung der Spankante und/oder der Tangenten der Spankante verstanden werden. Unter „zumindest im Wesentlichen“ soll in diesem Zusammenhang eine Abweichung von weniger als 20°, bevorzugt weniger als 10°, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 5°, verstanden werden. Bevorzugt sind die Spankanten zur Hauptschleifrichtung zumindest im Wesentlichen senkrecht orientiert. Bei einer Schleifscheibe können die Spankanten der Schleifkörner zumindest im Wesentlichen radial ausgerichtet sein. Die Schleifkörner können in Gruppen angeordnet sein, insbesondere in Reihen, Spalten und/oder Segmenten. Gruppen von Schleifkörnern können jeweils von weiteren Gruppen abweichende Orientierungen aufweisen. Zum Beispiel können die Spankantenrichtungen von aufeinanderfolgenden Gruppen gegenüber einer mittleren Spankantenrichtung der Gruppen abwechselnd um einen Winkel geneigt sein. Es können beim Schleifen entstehende Kräfte und/oder Schwingungen ausgeglichen werden. Es kann insbesondere ein Schleifwerkzeug mit einer hohen Abtrageleistung und einer hohen Oberflächenbearbeitungsqualität erreicht werden.It is proposed that the abrasive grains have at least a groupwise at least substantially common orientation of their chipping edges with respect to the main grinding direction. In this context, a "grinding tool" is to be understood as meaning a tool which is provided for machining a workpiece in a grinding process. A "grinding process" is to be understood as meaning a machining process with a large number of undefined cutting edges. Depending on a defined orientation of chipping edges of the grinding tool, the grinding process can approach a machining with a specific cutting edge. In this context, a "main grinding direction" is to be understood as meaning in particular a direction of a working movement relative to the grinding tool, in which the grinding tool is preferably moved over the workpiece and / or in which it has the greatest efficiency. A movement in the main grinding direction may be a straight movement or, in particular in the case of a disc-shaped grinding tool such as a grinding wheel, a movement in the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel. In particular, the grinding wheel may be rotationally driven about its center to produce movement of the grinding wheel in the main grinding direction. In this context, an "abrasive base" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a backing material of the abrasive tool. The abrasive backing may comprise, in particular, a paper, a textile material and / or a film in the case of a grinding tool designed as an abrasive paper. The abrasive pad of a grinding wheel may comprise a woven fabric embedded in a matrix material, in particular a GFRP material (glass fiber reinforced plastic) or more preferably a CFRP material (carbon fiber reinforced plastic). Those skilled in the art are aware of other suitable materials that can form an abrasive backing. In this context, an "abrasive grain" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a granular body which is provided for a machining of a workpiece with a cutting edge. The abrasive grains preferably have a particle size of less than 3 mm, more preferably less than 2 mm. In this context, a "grain size" is to be understood as an equivalent diameter of the abrasive grains determined by sieving. The abrasive grains may preferably be formed at least predominantly of a ceramic material, in particular, the abrasive grains may contain or consist of a polycrystalline ceramic material. Preferably, the abrasive grains contain alumina, more preferably α-Al 2 O 3 . In this context, a "defined abrasive grain geometry" should be understood in particular to mean that the abrasive grains have a defined desired geometry within manufacturing tolerances. In particular, the abrasive grains are produced in a molding process, preferably in a primary molding process such as a casting process, in particular slip casting. In this context, "slip casting" is to be understood in particular to mean a process in which a green body is produced by casting a mixture of a liquid and fine-grained solids referred to as "slip" into the mold with a subsequent drying process. As a result of the drying process, the liquid is removed from the slurry to such an extent that the green body solidifies. Preferably, the green body is hardened in a subsequent sintering or also firing process. In this context, a "chamfer edge" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, an edge of the abrasive grain geometry of the abrasive grain which is provided for the machining of the workpiece. An "orientation of a chamfer edge with respect to the main grinding direction" is to be understood in this context in particular as meaning an orientation of a chipping edge direction of the chipping edge with respect to the main grinding direction. In this context, a "chip edge direction" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a mean direction of the chip edge and / or the tangents of the chip edge. By "at least substantially" is meant in this context a deviation of less than 20 °, preferably less than 10 °, particularly preferably less than 5 °. Preferably, the chip edges are oriented at least substantially perpendicular to the main grinding direction. In a grinding wheel, the chipping edges of the abrasive grains may be at least substantially radially aligned. The abrasive grains may be arranged in groups, in particular in rows, columns and / or segments. Groups of abrasive grains may each deviate from other groups exhibit. For example, the chisel edge directions of successive groups may be alternately inclined at an angle to a mean chisel edge direction of the groups. It can be compensated during grinding forces and / or vibrations. In particular, a grinding tool with a high removal rate and a high surface finish quality can be achieved.
In einer vorteilhaften Variante der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Schleifkörner auf Schleifsegmenten befestigt sind. Unter einem „Schleifsegment“ soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere ein bevorzugt regelmäßig geformtes Trägerelement, beispielsweise ein als Rechteck, Quadrat oder Ringabschnitt der Scheibe geformtes Trägerelement, verstanden werden. Die Schleifsegmente können auf einer Trägerschicht befestigt und/oder an ihren Kanten untereinander verbunden sein. Die Schleifkörner können vorteilhaft auf den Schleifsegmenten in einer zumindest gruppenweise gemeinsamen Orientierung ihrer Spankanten aufgebracht werden. Die Schleifkörner können an den Schleifsegmenten durch ein Bindemittel, insbesondere einen Klebstoff, befestigt sein. Die Schleifsegmente können gemeinsam mit den an ihnen befestigten Schleifkörnern auf einer Schleifmittelunterlage des Schleifwerkzeugs befestigt werden und/oder zu einer Schleifmittelunterlage des Schleifwerkzeugs zusammengefügt werden.In an advantageous variant of the invention, it is proposed that the abrasive grains are attached to abrasive segments. In this context, a "grinding segment" is to be understood as meaning in particular a preferably regularly shaped carrier element, for example a carrier element shaped as a rectangle, square or annular section of the disk. The abrasive segments may be mounted on a carrier layer and / or joined together at their edges. The abrasive grains can advantageously be applied to the abrasive segments in an at least groupwise common orientation of their chipping edges. The abrasive grains may be attached to the abrasive segments by a binder, especially an adhesive. The abrasive segments may be mounted together with the abrasive grains attached to them on an abrasive pad of the abrasive tool and / or assembled into an abrasive pad of the abrasive tool.
Weiter wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Schleifsegmente mit den Schleifkörnern einstückig ausgeführt sind. Bevorzugt sind die Schleifsegmente einstückig mit den Schleifkörnern in einem Urformverfahren, wie einem Gussverfahren, insbesondere einem Schlickergussverfahren, hergestellt. Die zumindest gruppenweise zumindest im Wesentlichen gemeinsame Orientierung der Schleifkörner kann bezüglich der Schleifsegmente besonders einfach erreicht werden. Die zumindest gruppenweise zumindest im Wesentlichen gemeinsame Orientierung der Spankanten der Schleifkörner bezüglich der Hauptschleifrichtung kann besonders einfach erreicht werden, indem die Schleifsegmente in einer gemeinsamen Orientierung bezüglich der Hauptschleifrichtung am Schleifwerkzeug angeordnet werden.It is further proposed that the abrasive segments are made in one piece with the abrasive grains. Preferably, the abrasive segments are integrally formed with the abrasive grains in a primary molding process, such as a casting process, particularly a slip casting process. The at least substantially common orientation of the abrasive grains can be achieved particularly easily with respect to the abrasive segments. The at least substantially common orientation of the chipping edges of the abrasive grains with respect to the main grinding direction can be achieved in a particularly simple manner by arranging the grinding segments in a common orientation with respect to the main grinding direction on the grinding tool.
Vorteilhaft sind die Schleifsegmente senkrecht zur Hauptschleifrichtung in zumindest zwei Reihen angeordnet. Vorteilhaft können die Schleifsegmente der zumindest zwei Reihen voneinander abweichende Schleifkörner und/oder Schleifkörner in einer voneinander abweichenden Anordnung und/oder Orientierung aufweisen. Insbesondere können aufgrund einer abweichenden Umfangsgeschwindigkeit in Hauptschleifrichtung abhängig von einem Radius des Schleifwerkzeugs, an dem die Schleifsegmente angeordnet sind, abweichende Schleifkörner, Schleifkornanordnungen und/oder Schleifkornorientierungen vorteilhaft angeordnet werden. Advantageously, the abrasive segments are arranged perpendicular to the main grinding direction in at least two rows. Advantageously, the abrasive segments of the at least two rows may have different abrasive grains and / or abrasive grains in a different arrangement and / or orientation. In particular, deviating abrasive grains, abrasive grain arrangements and / or abrasive grain orientations may advantageously be arranged due to a different peripheral speed in the main grinding direction, depending on a radius of the grinding tool on which the grinding segments are arranged.
Weiter wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Schleifwerkzeugs vorgeschlagen. Insbesondere kann das Verfahren beinhalten, dass Schleifkörner in einer definierten Orientierung auf eine Schleifmittelunterlage und/oder ein Schleifsegment aufgebracht werden. Insbesondere können die Schleifkörner mit einem Handlingsgerät auf die Schleifmittelunterlage und/oder das Schleifsegment aufgebracht werden. Weiter kann das Verfahren beinhalten, dass Schleifsegmente auf eine Trägerschicht eines Schleifwerkzeugs in einer definierten Anordnung und/oder Orientierung aufgebracht werden und/oder zu einem Schleifwerkzeug zusammengesetzt werden, insbesondere mit einem Handlingsgerät. Das Handlingsgerät kann als ein Roboter, insbesondere ein Automat, ausgebildet sein.Furthermore, a method for producing the grinding tool is proposed. In particular, the method may include applying abrasive grains in a defined orientation to an abrasive backing and / or abrasive segment. In particular, the abrasive grains can be applied to the abrasive pad and / or the abrasive segment with a handling device. Furthermore, the method can include that abrasive segments are applied to a carrier layer of a grinding tool in a defined arrangement and / or orientation and / or assembled into a grinding tool, in particular with a handling device. The handling device can be designed as a robot, in particular an automaton.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schleifwerkzeug soll hierbei nicht auf die oben beschriebene Anwendung und Ausführungsform beschränkt sein. Insbesondere kann das erfindungsgemäße Schleifwerkzeug zu einer Erfüllung einer hierin beschriebenen Funktionsweise eine von einer hierin genannten Anzahl von einzelnen Elementen, Bauteilen und Einheiten abweichende Anzahl aufweisen.The grinding tool according to the invention should not be limited to the application and embodiment described above. In particular, in order to fulfill a mode of operation described herein, the inventive grinding tool may have a number deviating from a number of individual elements, components and units specified herein.
Zeichnungdrawing
Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der folgenden Zeichnungsbeschreibung. In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt. Die Zeichnung, die Beschreibung und die Ansprüche enthalten zahlreiche Merkmale in Kombination. Der Fachmann wird die Merkmale zweckmäßigerweise auch einzeln betrachten und zu sinnvollen weiteren Kombinationen zusammenfassen.Further advantages emerge from the following description of the drawing. In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown. The drawing, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will expediently also consider the features individually and combine them into meaningful further combinations.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment
Die Schleifsegmente
Zur Herstellung des Schleifwerkzeugs
Claims (5)
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Cited By (38)
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US9428681B2 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2016-08-30 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Shaped abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
US9440332B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2016-09-13 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
US9457453B2 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2016-10-04 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc./Saint-Gobain Abrasifs | Abrasive particles having particular shapes and methods of forming such particles |
US9517546B2 (en) | 2011-09-26 | 2016-12-13 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive articles including abrasive particulate materials, coated abrasives using the abrasive particulate materials and methods of forming |
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US10711171B2 (en) | 2015-06-11 | 2020-07-14 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
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US10774251B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 | 2020-09-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Functional abrasive particles, abrasive articles, and methods of making the same |
US10865148B2 (en) | 2017-06-21 | 2020-12-15 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Particulate materials and methods of forming same |
US10947432B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 | 2021-03-16 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Magnetizable abrasive particle and method of making the same |
US11072732B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 | 2021-07-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Magnetizable abrasive particles and abrasive articles including them |
US11230653B2 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2022-01-25 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Fixed abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
US11253972B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 | 2022-02-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Structured abrasive articles and methods of making the same |
US11484990B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 | 2022-11-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Bonded abrasive wheel and method of making the same |
US11597860B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 | 2023-03-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Magnetizable abrasive particle and method of making the same |
US11718774B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2023-08-08 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive particles and methods of forming same |
US11926019B2 (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2024-03-12 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
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-
2013
- 2013-06-28 DE DE102013212639.5A patent/DE102013212639A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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