DE1760662C3 - Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Vliesen aus pdyamidhaltigen Fäden - Google Patents
Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Vliesen aus pdyamidhaltigen FädenInfo
- Publication number
- DE1760662C3 DE1760662C3 DE1760662A DE1760662A DE1760662C3 DE 1760662 C3 DE1760662 C3 DE 1760662C3 DE 1760662 A DE1760662 A DE 1760662A DE 1760662 A DE1760662 A DE 1760662A DE 1760662 C3 DE1760662 C3 DE 1760662C3
- Authority
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- Germany
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- web
- gas
- threads
- polyamide
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/20—Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
- D01D10/04—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment
- D01D10/0436—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment while in continuous movement
- D01D10/0472—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment while in continuous movement the filaments being supported on endless bands
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
Description
60
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Vliesen aus einer polyamidhaltigen
Polymerschmelze.
Die Herstellung von Vliesen aus Fasern bzw. Fäden in kontinuierlichem Verfahren aas einer
Schmelze ist bereits bekannt. Die Bindung der Vliese wurde aber durch Zugabe von besonderen Bindemitteln
oder durch Erweichen der Faser mit Hilfe von Hitze, Lösungsmitteln oder Weichmachern erreicht.
Die Bindemittel können in Form von Pulvern, Lösungen,
Emulsionen oder in Form von Fasern angewendet werden.
So ist aus der britischen Patentschrift 880 703 ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vliesen aus regenerierter
Cellulose, die einen Kristallisationsgrad von über 50% aufweist, bekannt. Bei diesem Verfahren
wird der amorphe Anteil der regenerierten Cellulose mit Natronlauge plastifiziert, wobei eine ausreichende
Verschmelzung stattfindet.
In der belgischen Patentschrift 690 725 wird ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vliesen unter
Verwendung von Wasserdampf beschrieben. Das Verfahren arbeitet bei Temperaturen, die hoch genug
sind, um ein Verkleben der einzelnen Fäden zu bewirken.
Alle diese Verfahren sind allerdings mit gewissen Nachteilen verbunden.
Die Verwendung von besonderen Bindemitteln bringt Probleme hinsichtlich des gleichmäßigen Aufbringens
mit sich. Eine Selbstbindung mit Hilfe von Hitze läßt sich nur schwer kontrollieren und verändert
außerdem das Aussehen des Vlieses in unerwünschter Weise.
Bei Verwendung eines Lösungsmittels wird nur schwer die Haftung zwischen den Fasern ohne Auflösung
des Vlieses oder zumindest ohne Beeinträchtigung der physikalischen Eigenschaften erreicht. Die
Schnittpunkte und Kreuzungsstellen, an denen die Fasern gebunden sind, sind außerdem häufig in unerwünschter
Weise gequollen. Oder es zeigen sich Anzeichen für eine Lösung und Wiederabscheidung von
Polymerisat, eine Erscheinung, die als Polymerisatwanderung bezeichnet wird.
Die gequollenen Bereiche um die Bindungen herum unterscheiden sich von den anderen durch
eine verschiedene Farbstoffaufnahmefähigkeit als Folge von Veränderungen in der Kristallstruktur. Die
Produkte lassen sich infolgedessen nicht gleichmäßig anfärben.
Es besteht daher ein Bedürfnis an einem Verfahren, nach dem sich Produkte herstellen lassen, die
die oben geschilderten Nachteile nicht mehr aufweisen, die sich also insbesondere gleichmäßig anfärben
lassen.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist somit ein Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Vliesen aus Fasern,
die wenigstens 10 Gewichtsprozent Polyamid enthalten, wobei man Endlosfäden aus einer Polyamid
enthaltenden Polymerschmelze spinnt und pneumatisch dehnt, die Fäden auf ein Förderband unter
Bildung einer gleichförmigen Vliesbahn ablegt und die Bahn einer Behandlung zur Bindung der sich berührenden
Fäden unterwirft, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß man die Bahn vorpreßt und anschließend
mit Halogenwasserstoff-, Bortrifluorid-. Schwefeldioxyd- oder Schwefeltrioxydgas in einei
Kammer unter Absorption des Gases an die Fäden behandelt und daß man dann das absorbierte Ga;
aus den Fäden unter Bindungsbildung entfernt.
Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, daß es mil dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gelang, Produkte
herzustellen, die insbesondere den Vorteil haben, daß sie sich gleichmäßig anfärben lassen.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bringt man auf die
Bahn zur weiteren Verdichtung ui,d Stabilisierung unmittelbar nach der Ablage ein Polyamidbindemittel,
vorzugsweise Ameisensäure, auf und kalandriert vor der Gasbehandlung bei einer zur Verdampfung
der Ameisensäure ausreichenden Temperatur.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten AusfJhruingsform
dis erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens entfernt
bzw. desorbiert man den Halogenwasserstoff, das Bortrifluorid, Schwefeldioxyd oder Schwefeltrioxyd
aus dem Vlies in einem Waschbad oder in einer im wesentlichen trockenen Umgebung, die auf etwa 90
bis 200° C erhitzt ist.
Die Bahn wird vorzugsweise nach der Gasbehandlung kalandriert.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ferner eine Vorrichtung
zur Herstellung von Vliesen auf der Basis von
Polyamid enthaltenden Fasern durch Behandlung der veisponnenen Endlosfäden mit Halogenwasserstoff-,
Bortrifluorid-, Schwefeldioxyd- oder Schwefeltrioxydgas mit Schmelzspinndüscn, einer pneumatischen
Verstreckungsvorrichtung, einem perforierten endlosen Band zur Ablage der aus den Spinndüsen
austretenden und anschließend verstreckten Fäden, insbesondere nach dem oben geschilderten Verfahren.
Die Vorrichtung ist durch einen Kalande» vor der Eintrittsöffnung des endlosen Bandes in eine Gasbehandlungskammer
sowie Mitteln zum Desorbieren der in der Gasbehandlungskammer aufgenommenen
Gase gekennzeichnet.
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen
Vorrichtung sind als Mittel zur Entfernung der Gase ein WVchbad oder eine Heizvorrichtung,
vorzugsweise erhitzte Walzen, und gegebenenfalls Trockenvorrichtungen für das Vlies vorgesehen.
Das aktivierende Gas kann ein Halogenwasserstoff, Bortrifluorid, Schwefcldioxyd und Schwefeltrioxyd
sein. Auf Grund der größeren Absorptionsund Desorptionsgeschvvindigkeit und wegen der vergleichsweisen
leichten Handhabung wird Chlorwasserstoffgas besonders bevorzugt. Der Einfachheit und
Kürze halber wird daher nachfolgend Chlorwasserstoff als aktivierendes Gas angeführt.
Vorzugsweise soll das aktivierende Gas bei einer Temperatur von 20 bis 25° C gehalten werden,
obleich die Bindung auch bei höheren und tieferen Temperaturen erreicht werden kann. Die Absorptionsgeschwindigkeit
oder das Absorptionsausmaß ist eine Funktion der Temperatur, wobei eine raschere
Absorption bei erhöhten Temperaturen stattfindet. Es wurde jedoch gefunden, daß die Menge an absorbiertem,
aktivierendem Gas mit einer entsprechenden Zunahme der Temperatur abnimmt, bis überhaupt
keine Absorption mehr stattfindet, wenn die Temperatur etwa 110° C übersteigt.
Obgleich wäßrige Lösungen von Chlorwasserstoff (Salzsäure) für viele Polyamide bekannte Lösungsmittel
sind, ist im wesentlichen nicht-ionisierter, reiner Chlorwasserstoff kein Lösungsmittel, und das
Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung kann unter vollständig wasserfreien Bedingungen durchgeführt werden.
Der Bindungsvorgang ist nicht von einer Lösung und Wiederausfällung von Polymerisat abhängig. Es
wurde festgestellt, d«ß eice bessere Bindung erzielt
wird, wenn das Verfahren unter atmosphärischen Bedingungen durchgeführt wird, wobei die Feuchtigkeit
oberhalb 25 °/o und vorzugsweise zwischen 40 und 60 °/o gehalten wird.
Zur Erzielung der Bindungsreaktion müssen die Gebilde in sehr dichter Berührung vorliegen. In einer
Matte oder Lage von Fasern wird das durch Schrumpfen von verflochtenen Fäden nach der BiI-
dung der Matte oder dadurch erreicht, daß man die Matte einer Druckeinwirkung unterwirft. Das Pressen
der Matte wird vor und gegebenenfalls nach der Chlorwasserstoffbehandlung durchgeführt. Das
»Nachpressen« besitzt den Vorteil, daß der Matte auf Grund einer Zunahme bei dem auf die Faserkreuzungsstellen
angewandten Druck eine größere Festigkeit erteilt wird.
Es wurde festgestellt, daß Polymerisate, die unter dem Einfluß von Chlorwasserstoffgas (HCl) selbst-
zo gebunden werden können, in ihrer Struktur im allgemeinen
die Gruppe -NHCO- aufweisen. Um dieses Bindungsvermögen aufzuweisen, ist in dem Polymerisat
eine angemessene Konzentration von diesen Gruppen erforderlich, die zugänglich und an Gruppen gebunden
sind, die die Basizität nicht ungünstig verändern. Es wurde gefunden, daß Polyamide mit einem
Gehalt an einigen aromatischen Gruppen diese Bindungsreaktion eingehen, jedoch bestimmte, vollständig
aromatische Polyamide diese Reaktion trotz Konzcntrationen an -NHCO-Gruppen, die denjenigen in
Polyhcxamethylenadipamid vergleichbar sind, wobei Polyhexamethylenadipamid die Bindung sehr leicht
eingeht, nicht vollziehen. Dies kann auf die Starrheit der Struktur oder auf die Wirkung der aromatischen
Ringe und auf die Basizität der Amidgruppe oder auf eine Kombination dieser Effekte zurückzuführen
sein.
Obgleich der Mechanismus der Bindung nicht völlig geklärt ist, wird angenommen, daß dieser auf
einer Unterbrechung von Wasserstoffbindungen zwischen den Polymerisatketten durch Bildung eines
HCl-Kompiexes mit der Amidgruppe beruht. In der
Polymeiisaitechnik ist es allgemein bekannt, daß
viele der physikalischen Eigenschaften von Polyamiden in großem Ausmaß von den intermolekularen
Wassxrstoffbindungen zwischen den -CO- und
-NH-Gruppen in benachbarten Polymerisatketten abhängen. Die Bindungen bilden Vemetzungsbindungen
zwischen den molekularen Ketten und erhöhen dadurch den Schmelzpunkt und verbessern die Zugfestigkeit.
Wenn diese Bindungen durch die Wirkung von Chlorwasserstoff unterbrochen werden, werden
die Polymerisatketten innerhalb der Struktur biegsamer und neigen zu einer Verschiebung, um die durch
die Spannung oder durch Druck auf dem Vlies verursachte Beanspruchung freizugeben oder aufzuheben.
Die Komplexbildung ist umkehrbar, und wenn Chlorwasserstoff desorbiert wird, bilden sich die Wasserstoffbindungen
erneut.
Mikrophotographien von Kreuzungsstellen von Fäden, die nach dem Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung
gebunden sind, zeigen an der Bindungsstelle eine homogene Struktur ohne Anzeichen für eine
Grenze zwischen den beiden Fäden. Eine weitere Stütze für diese Theorie beruht auf der Tatsache, daß
selbstbindende Polymerisate nicht an Polymerisate gebunden werden können, die unter den Bedingungen
des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens nicht selbstbin-
dend sind. Jedoch können zwei verschiedene Polyamide, die selbstbindend sind, aneinander gebunden
werden.
Die Bindung wird mit Aussetzungsdauern im Bereich von 1 Sekunde bis zu mehreren Minuten in Abhängigkeit
von der Zusammensetzung und der Struktur der zu bindenden Materialien erreicht. Eine wirksame
Bindung wurde bei HCl-Konzenlrationen im Bereich von 100- bis 25prozentigen Gemischen mit
Luft erzielt. Durch Regelung der Aussetzungsdauer kann die Tiefe des Eindringens des Gases in die einzelnen
Fäden mühelos geregelt und auf die für die Erzielung der gewünschten Bindung notwendige
Tiefe beschränkt werden. Bei der praktischen Ausführung wurde eine gute Bindung bei so geringer
Eindringung, wie 5°/o des Querschnittsbereiches der Fäden, erhalten, wobei jedoch eine Eindringung zwischen
20 und 50 %> bevorzugt wird.
Die optimale Aussetzungsdauer ändert sich mit der Polymerisatzusammensetzung, der Konzentration
des aktivierenden Gases, dem Fadendurchmesser und der vorhergehenden physikalischen Behandlung der
Fäden. Im allgemeinen erfordern feinere Fäden auf Grund des größeren Oberflächenbereiches je Gewichtseinheit
eine kürzere Aussetzungsdauer als Fäden mit größerem Titer aus der gleichen Polymerisatzusammensetzung.
Es wurde auch beobachtet, daß frisch gesponnene Fäden, die nicht gestreckt worden
sind, im allgemeinen eine kürzere Aussetzungsdauer als gestreckte Fäden erfordern. Längere Aussetzungsdauern
neigen zu einer Erniedrigung der Zugfestigkeit der Fäden, vermutlich auf Grund einer Eindringtiefe,
die eine wesentliche Abnahme in der Orientierung erlaubt.
Die Desorption des aktivierenden Gases kann bei Zimmertemperatur durch Waschen mit Wasser oder
einer sehr verdünnten wäßrigen Lösung einer Base erreicht werden, oder sie kann unter vollständig wasserfreien
Bedingungen durch Anwendung von Wärme erzielt werden. Die letztere Arbeitsweise bietet
den Vorteil einer einfacheren Gewinnung des aktivierenden Gases. Die für die Desorption erforderlichen
Temperaturen liegen weit unterhalb der Erweichungs- oder Schmelztemperatur der Polymerisate
und bewirken daher keine Änderung der physikalischen Eigenschaften der Polymerisate.
Die Erfidnung wird an Hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert, worin in Perspektive eine bevorzugte Anordnung
der Vorrichtung, die für die Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Anwendung
gelangt, gezeigt wird.
In der Zeichnung ist eine Vorrichtung für die Umwandlung eines Polymerisates in einen Stoff in einem
einzigen kontinuierlichen Arbeitsgang dargestellt. Das Bezugszeichen 10 bezeichnet eine übliche
Schmelzspinnmaschine (Schmelzexlruder) und damit verbundene Einrichtungen, die zur Bildung der endlosen
Fäden 12 aus einem geschmolzenen thermoplastischen Material angewendet wird. Die ausgesponnenen
Fäden werden gedehnt und mit Hilfe einer pneumatisch betriebenen Saugvorrichtung 14 vorwärtsbewegt,
die durch einen Verkreuzungsmechanismus 16 mechanisch ausgeschwenkt oder geführt
wird. Ein Motor 18 bewegt den Verkreuzungsmechanismus 16 auf einem Paar fest angebrachter Führungsstangen
20 hin und her. Die Saugvorrichtung 14 wird bei einer bestimmten Geschwindigkeit hin- und
herbewegt, um die Fäden 12 in einem beliebigen Muster auf dem Förderband 22 abzulegen. Wenn die
Fäden auf dem Ablegeband abgelegt sind, werden sie bis zu dem Ausmaß miteinander gemischt, daß eine
zusammenhängende Bahn gebildet wird. Gegebenenfalls kann eine Ameisensäure od. dgl. enthaltende
Polymcrisatlösung auf die Bahn an der Ablcgestelle gesprüht werden, um den Zusammenhalt der Bahn
während deren Bewegung zu der Stelle, an welcher die Bindung stattfindet, zu verbessern.
ίο Zur Überwindung der Schwierigkeit, daß ein ungleichmäßiger
Bahnrand durch das runde Ablegemuster gebildet wird und daß dadurch sich eine Verminderung
der Bahngleichmäßigkeit ergibt, sind randbildende Ablenkplatten 24 dicht bei dem Sammelband
22 angeordnet. Diese Platten sind vorzugsweise um etwa 15° von der Senkrechten geneigt und sind
in einem Abstand der gewünschten Bahnbreite voneinander getrennt. Der den Fäden durch den Verkreuzungs-
oder Verquerungsmechanismus 16 cr-
ao teilte Querschlag ist etwas größer als die endgültige Breite der Bahn, was zu geraden Rändern oder Kanten
mit gleichmäßiger Dichte führt. Ein Saugbehälter 26 ist in dichter Nähe unterhalb des Ablegebandes
22 für die Aufgabe der aus der Saugvorrichtung 14
as ausströmenden Luft und der Luft aus der die Sprühlösung
abgebenden Düse, falls verwendet, vorgesehen. Das in dem Saugbehälter 26 erzeugte Vakuum
wird vorteilhaft zur Unterstützung der Ablagerung der Fäden auf dem Sammelband angewendet.
Die Bahn verläßt das Vorschubband 22 und wird durch ein Paar Druckrollen 32 zum Kalandrieren geführt,
um die Bahr.dichte und den Zusammenhalt der Bahn zu verbessern, bevor sie in die Kammer 34 gelangt,
die mit einem aktivierenden Gas gefüllt ist, das durch Einlaß 36 eingeführt wird, wobei dessen Überschuß
über Auslaß 38 abgeführt wird. Wenn, wie oben angegeben, eine Lösung auf die Bahn gesprüht
wird, werden die Rollen 32 erhitzt.
Die Bahn soll bei einer ausreichend hohen Rollentemperatur kalandriert werden, um das verwendete
Lösungsmittel zu verdampfen, wobei der Druck ausreichend sein soll, um die gewünschte Anzahl von
Fadenverkreuzungen mit den in Berührung stehenden Fäden zum Binden zu schaffen. Gemusterte RoI-len
können angewendet werden, um mannigfaltige Muster in dem fertiggestellten Produkt zu erhalten.
Die Verweilzeit in der Kammer 34 ist von der Art des verwendeten aktivierenden Gases und dessen
Konzentration abhängig. Nach einer ausreichenden
5c Aussetzungsdauer der Fäden in der gasgefüllten Kammer, um eine Oberflächenabsorption des Gases
zu ermöglichen, wird die Bahn 30 dann durch Rollen 40 zu einem Waschbad 42, das mit Wasser oder
einem schwach alkalischen Bad gefüllt ist, vorwärtsbewegt.
Ein Paar von durch Abstand getrennt angeordneten Führungsgliedern 44 regelt den waagerechten Bewegungsweg
der Bahn 30 durch das Band, um die Desorption des Gases aus den Fäden zu ermöglichen,
wobei eine Bindung infolge der Rekristallisation, Wiederherstellung der Wasserstoffbindungen stattfindet.
Danach wird die selbst gebundene Bahn übei eine Spannungsstange 46 geleitet, bevor sie durch
zwei Sätze von Abquetschrollen 50 gezogen wird, die unter einem Spiel- oder Zwischenraum angeordnet
sind, um so viel des restlichen Wassers aus der Bahn abzupressen, als dies vor dem Eintreten in die Trocknungsstufe
möglich ist. Ein Ablaufbehälter 52 ist für
die Rückführung des überschüssigen Wassers zu dem Die Spinngeschwindigkeit betrug 0,45 kg/Std. Die
Waschbad vorgesehen. Die Bahn wird dann über frisch gesponnenen Fäden wurden durch eine in
eine Reihe von mit Wasserdampf beheizten Track- einem Abstand von etwa 96,5 cm unterhalb der
nungsrollen 54 vorwärtsbewegt, die bei der Dampf- Spinndüse angebrachte Saugeinrichtung geleitet. Der
temperatur von etwa 135° C betrieben werden, be- 5 Saugstrahl wurde mit 2,8 atü bei einem Luftdurchvor
sie aufgenommen wird. satz von 0,168 Standard-m'/Minute geführt. Die ge-Die
folgenden Beispiele erläutern die Erfindung. dehnten Fäden wurden beliebig dispergiert und auf
. I1 einem sich kontinuierlich bewegenden mit Löchern
Beispiel 1 versehenen Förderband unter der Wirkung des Saug-Polyhexamethylenadipamid,
das auf einen Feuch- io düsenstrahles abgelegt. Der Abstand zwischen der
tigkeitsgehalt von 0,01 °/o vorgetrocknet ist und eine Saugdüse und dem mit Löchern versehenen Band berelative
Viskosität (RV) von 29 aufweist, wird durch trug 45,8 cm. Die Bahn wurde kontinuierlich durch
eine Spinndüse mit 14 Öffnungen von jeweils etwa Querbewegung der Saugeinrichtung im Hin- und
0,023 cm Durchmesser bei etwa 290° C schmelzge- Her-Takt im rechten Winkel zur Bewegung des mit
spönnen. Die Spinngeschwindigkeit beträgt 0,35kg/ 15 Löchern versehenen Förderbandes hergestellt. Die
Std. Die frisch gesponnenen Fäden mit einem Titer Überquerungsgeschwindigkeit betrug 30 Cyclen/Mivon
etwa 1,5 den werden durch eine in einem Ab- nute bei einem Querschlag von 25,4 cm. Zur Herstelstand
von etwa 96,5 cm unterhalb der Spinndüse an- lung einer Bahn mit einer gleichmäßigen Kantengeordneten Saugeinrichtung geleitet, die bei etwa 2,8 dichte waren geneigte Platten mit einem Abstand von
atü mit einem Luftdurchsatz von 0,168 Standard-ms/ ao 22,8 cm in Nähe des Förderbandes angebracht. Luft-Minute
betrieben wird. Diese gedehnten Fäden wer- Steuerungsdüsen waren vorgesehen, um einen Luftden
willkürlich dispergiert und auf einem kontinuier- strom abwärts über die Oberfläche der randbildenlich
sich bewegenden, mit kleinen Öffnungen verse- den Platten zu richten, der die darauf abgelegten Fähenen
Förderband unter der Wirkung der Saugdüse den auf das Band drückte. Diese Luftdüsen wurden
und des Saugbehälters unterhalb des Bandes abge- as mit einem Druck von 2,1 atü betätigt,
legt. Der Abstand zwischen der Saugdüse und dem Wenn das Förderband bei einer vorbestimmten mit kleinen Löchern versehenen Band beträgt 45,8 Geschwindigkeit vorwärtsbewegt wurde, um das cm. Die Bahn wird in einer durchgehenden Bahn- Bahnengewicht zu regeln, wurde eine 22,8 cm breite, form durch das Querbewegen der Saugeinrichtung im gleichmäßig dichte, endlose Bahn von Rand zu Rand rechten V'inkel zur Bewegungsrichtung des Förder- 30 gebildet. Die so gebildete Bahn wurde mit einem nasbandes hergestellt. Die Überquerungsgeschwindigkeit sen Bindemittel, das 70 ·/· Ameisensäure und 30 ·/· beträgt 20 Hin- und Herbewegungen je Minute wäh- Polyamidfeststoffe enthielt, mit einer Geschwindigrend einer Vorwärtsbewegung von etwa 22,8 cm, wo- keit von 0,41 cmVMinute besprüht, um die weitere bei eine Bahn von etwa 35,7 g je m2 gebildet wird. Behandlung zu erleichtern. Die mit dem nassen Bin-Die Bahn wird mit nassen Bindemitteln, die 35 demittel behandelte Bahn wurde mit einer gemuster-70% Ameisensäure und 30% Polyamidfeststoffe ent- ten Kalandrierwalze, die eine Kraft von 59 kg bei halten, mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 2,5 cms je Mi- einer Temperatur von 130° C ausübte, geprägt. Von nute besprüht, um die ganze Bahn bis zur weiteren den Kalandrierrollen oder -walzen wurde die Bahn in Behandlung zu verbessern. Die mit dem nassen Bin- Umgebungsatmosphäre, die bei einer relativen demittel behandelte Bahn wird mit einer gemusterten 40 Feuchtigkeit von 60·/· bei 21,1° C gehalten war, zu Walze oder Folie unter Ausübung einer Kraft von der HCl-Gas-Aufbringkammer bewegt. In der HCl-2,85 kg/cm bei einer Rollentemperatur von 100° C Gas-Aufbringkammer wurde die Bahn an das bei geprägt, wobei die Ameisensäure entfernt wird. Aus einem Vakuum von 40,6 cm Hg-Säule gehaltene den Kalandrierrollen oder -walzen wird die Bahn in HCl-Gas ausgesetzt Die Bahn war während einer Umgebungsatmosphäre zu der Chlorwasserstoffgas- 45 Verweilzeit von etwa 7 Sekunden in der Kammer, aufbringungskammer geführt. In dieser Gaskammer Die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des HCl-Gases betrug wird die Bahn einer Chlorwasserstoffatmosphäre, die 8 g/Minute. Das zurückbleibende HCl-Gas wurde bei einem geringen Vakuum gehalten ist, unterwor- aus der faserigen Bahn desorbiert und in einem Bad fen. Die Bahn ist während einer Verweilzeit von etwa gewaschen, das NaOH enthielt und bei einem 10 Sekunden in der Kammer. Die Strömungsge- 50 pH-Wert von 11 bis 13 bei 300C gehalten wurde,
schwmdigkeit von HCl-Gas beträgt 12 g/Min. Das Überschüssiges Wasser wurde aus der Bahn mit restliche HCl-Gas wird aus der faserigen Bahn durch Hilfe eines Paares von Auswringrollen entfernt, wor-Waschen in einem schwach alkalischen Bad entfernt. auf über mehreren erhitzten Rollen vor der Auf-Überschüssiges Wasser wird aus der Bahn mit Hilfe nähme getrocknet wurde. Das erhaltene Faservlies eines Paares von Auswringrollen entfernt, worauf 55 war kräftig, drapierfähig und tuchähnlich und besaß über mehreren erhitzten Rollen vor der Aufnahme ein Grundgewicht von 112 g/ma, eine Stärke von getrocknet wird. Das erhaltene Faservlies ist kräftig, 635 a, eine Zugfestigkeit von 44,6 g/cm2 jeg je m* drapierfähig und tuchähnlich mit einem Grundge- eine Dehnung von 50·/«, eine Biegelänge von 5,34 wicht von 35,7 g/m1, bei einer Biegelänge von 3,55 cm und eine Stofl-Biegungs-AbriebsbeständigkeT cm, mit einer Festigkeit von 1,66 kg/cmVm* und 60 von 1775 Cyclen.
einer Stobl-Abriebsbeständigkeit von etwa 2000 Cy- Beispiel 3
den.
legt. Der Abstand zwischen der Saugdüse und dem Wenn das Förderband bei einer vorbestimmten mit kleinen Löchern versehenen Band beträgt 45,8 Geschwindigkeit vorwärtsbewegt wurde, um das cm. Die Bahn wird in einer durchgehenden Bahn- Bahnengewicht zu regeln, wurde eine 22,8 cm breite, form durch das Querbewegen der Saugeinrichtung im gleichmäßig dichte, endlose Bahn von Rand zu Rand rechten V'inkel zur Bewegungsrichtung des Förder- 30 gebildet. Die so gebildete Bahn wurde mit einem nasbandes hergestellt. Die Überquerungsgeschwindigkeit sen Bindemittel, das 70 ·/· Ameisensäure und 30 ·/· beträgt 20 Hin- und Herbewegungen je Minute wäh- Polyamidfeststoffe enthielt, mit einer Geschwindigrend einer Vorwärtsbewegung von etwa 22,8 cm, wo- keit von 0,41 cmVMinute besprüht, um die weitere bei eine Bahn von etwa 35,7 g je m2 gebildet wird. Behandlung zu erleichtern. Die mit dem nassen Bin-Die Bahn wird mit nassen Bindemitteln, die 35 demittel behandelte Bahn wurde mit einer gemuster-70% Ameisensäure und 30% Polyamidfeststoffe ent- ten Kalandrierwalze, die eine Kraft von 59 kg bei halten, mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 2,5 cms je Mi- einer Temperatur von 130° C ausübte, geprägt. Von nute besprüht, um die ganze Bahn bis zur weiteren den Kalandrierrollen oder -walzen wurde die Bahn in Behandlung zu verbessern. Die mit dem nassen Bin- Umgebungsatmosphäre, die bei einer relativen demittel behandelte Bahn wird mit einer gemusterten 40 Feuchtigkeit von 60·/· bei 21,1° C gehalten war, zu Walze oder Folie unter Ausübung einer Kraft von der HCl-Gas-Aufbringkammer bewegt. In der HCl-2,85 kg/cm bei einer Rollentemperatur von 100° C Gas-Aufbringkammer wurde die Bahn an das bei geprägt, wobei die Ameisensäure entfernt wird. Aus einem Vakuum von 40,6 cm Hg-Säule gehaltene den Kalandrierrollen oder -walzen wird die Bahn in HCl-Gas ausgesetzt Die Bahn war während einer Umgebungsatmosphäre zu der Chlorwasserstoffgas- 45 Verweilzeit von etwa 7 Sekunden in der Kammer, aufbringungskammer geführt. In dieser Gaskammer Die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des HCl-Gases betrug wird die Bahn einer Chlorwasserstoffatmosphäre, die 8 g/Minute. Das zurückbleibende HCl-Gas wurde bei einem geringen Vakuum gehalten ist, unterwor- aus der faserigen Bahn desorbiert und in einem Bad fen. Die Bahn ist während einer Verweilzeit von etwa gewaschen, das NaOH enthielt und bei einem 10 Sekunden in der Kammer. Die Strömungsge- 50 pH-Wert von 11 bis 13 bei 300C gehalten wurde,
schwmdigkeit von HCl-Gas beträgt 12 g/Min. Das Überschüssiges Wasser wurde aus der Bahn mit restliche HCl-Gas wird aus der faserigen Bahn durch Hilfe eines Paares von Auswringrollen entfernt, wor-Waschen in einem schwach alkalischen Bad entfernt. auf über mehreren erhitzten Rollen vor der Auf-Überschüssiges Wasser wird aus der Bahn mit Hilfe nähme getrocknet wurde. Das erhaltene Faservlies eines Paares von Auswringrollen entfernt, worauf 55 war kräftig, drapierfähig und tuchähnlich und besaß über mehreren erhitzten Rollen vor der Aufnahme ein Grundgewicht von 112 g/ma, eine Stärke von getrocknet wird. Das erhaltene Faservlies ist kräftig, 635 a, eine Zugfestigkeit von 44,6 g/cm2 jeg je m* drapierfähig und tuchähnlich mit einem Grundge- eine Dehnung von 50·/«, eine Biegelänge von 5,34 wicht von 35,7 g/m1, bei einer Biegelänge von 3,55 cm und eine Stofl-Biegungs-AbriebsbeständigkeT cm, mit einer Festigkeit von 1,66 kg/cmVm* und 60 von 1775 Cyclen.
einer Stobl-Abriebsbeständigkeit von etwa 2000 Cy- Beispiel 3
den.
Beispiel 2 Polyhexamethylenadipamid, das auf ein Feuchtig
keitsausmaß von 0,01 */· getrocknet war, mit eine
Polyhexamethylenadipamid mit einer relativen 65 relativen Viskosität (RV) von 30 wurde durch ei»
Viskosität (RV) von 29 wurde durch eine Spinndüse Spinndüse mit 14 Öffnungen bei 290° C schmelzge
mit 14 Öffnungen mit einem Durchmesser von je- spönnen und durch eine unterhalb der Spinndüse an
weils 0,023 cm bei etwa 2900C schmelzgesponnen. geordnete Luftsaugeinrichtung geleitet. Die Fade
wurden gedehnt und gleichförmig auf ein sich bewegendes mit Löchern versehenes Förderband abgegeben.
Die Bahn wurde kontinuierlich gebildet und war aus Fäden mit einem Titer von 1,9 den mit einer Festigkeit
von 3,8 g/den und einer Bruchdehnung von 134 °/o zusammengesetzt. Die Bahn wurde mit einem
nassen Bindemittel zur Regelung von deren Bildung und zur Erleichterung der Handhabung bis zur Bindung
der Fäden besprüht. Das Bahngewicht betrug 97 g/m2. Die Bahn wurde zum Verdichten der Fäden
ίο
bei 15,6 atü bei 1500C flachgepreßt und mit Hilfe
einer Gasaufbringkammer, die bei einem Vakuum von 25,4 mm Hg-Säule gehalten wurde, reinem
HCl-Gas 10 Sekunden ausgesetzt. Das Gas wurde durch die Bahn mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 20
g/Min, geleitet. Durch eine Umgebungsatmosphäre
wurde das Gas mit Hilfe getrockneter Hitze von einer Infrarotstrahlenquelle bei 150° C in 20 Sekunden
entfernt. Das erhaltene Faservlies bestand aus
ίο einem kräftigen biegsamen Stoff mit einer Festigkeit
von 16,8 g/cm/g/m2 und einer Biegelänge von 4,8 cm.
Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen
Claims (6)
1. Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Vliesen aus Fasern, die wenigstens 10 Gewichtsprozent
Polyamid enthalten, wobei man endlose Fäden aus einer Polyamid enthaltenden
Polymerschmelze spinnt und pneumatisch dehnt, die Fäden auf ein Förderband unter Bildung
einer gleichförmigen Vliesbahn ablegt und die Bahn einer Behandlung zur Bindung der sich berührenden
Fäden unterwirft, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Bahn vorpreßt und anschließend mit Halogenwasserstoff-, Bortrifluorid-,
Schwefeldioxyd- oder Schwefeltrioxydgas in einer Kammer unter Absorption des
Gases an die Fäden behandelt und daß man dann das absorbierte Gas aus den Fäden unter Bindungsbildung
entfernt.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß man auf die Bahn zur weiteren Verdichtung und Stabilisierung unmittelbar nach
der Ablage ein Polyamidbindemittel, vorzugsweise Ameisensäure aufbringt und vor der Gasbehandlung
bei einer zur Verdampfung der Ameisensäure ausreichenden Temperatur kalandriert.
3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man den Halogenwasserstoff,
das Bortrifluorid, Schwefeldioxyd oderSchwefeltrioxyd aus dem Vlies in einem
Waschbad oder in einer im wesentlichen trockenen Umgebung, die auf etwa 90 bis 200" C erhitzt
ist, entfernt bzw. desorbiert.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Bahn nach der Gasbehandlung
kalandriert.
5. Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Vliesen auf der Basis von Polyamid enthaltenden Fasern
durch Behandlung der versponnenen Endlosfäden mit Halogenwasserstoff-, Bortrifluorid-,
Schwefeldioxyd- oder Schwefeltrioxydgas, mit Schmelzspinndüsen, einer pneumatischen Verstreckungsvorrichtung,
einem perforierten endlosen Band zur Ablage der aus den Spinndüsen austretenden und anschließend verstreckten Fäden,
insbesondere nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 4, gekennzeichnet durch
einen Kalander vor der Eintrittsöffnung des endlosen Bandes in eine Gasbehandlungskammer sowie
Mittel zum Desorbieren der in der Gasbehandlungskammer
aufgenommenen Gase.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Mittel zur Entfernung der
Gase ein Waschbad oder eine Heizvorrichtung, vorzugsweise erhitzte Walzen, und gegebenenfalls
Tr^ckenvorrichtungen für das Vlies vorgesehen «ind.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US64672067A | 1967-06-16 | 1967-06-16 | |
US87755769A | 1969-11-21 | 1969-11-21 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1760662A1 DE1760662A1 (de) | 1972-01-05 |
DE1760662B2 DE1760662B2 (de) | 1975-02-06 |
DE1760662C3 true DE1760662C3 (de) | 1975-10-02 |
Family
ID=27094999
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE1760662A Expired DE1760662C3 (de) | 1967-06-16 | 1968-06-18 | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Vliesen aus pdyamidhaltigen Fäden |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US3542615A (de) |
BE (1) | BE716610A (de) |
DE (1) | DE1760662C3 (de) |
FR (1) | FR1572627A (de) |
GB (1) | GB1242000A (de) |
LU (1) | LU56247A1 (de) |
NL (1) | NL6808435A (de) |
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US2398831A (en) * | 1944-05-06 | 1946-04-23 | Du Pont | Spinning apparatus and method |
US3184358A (en) * | 1961-06-20 | 1965-05-18 | Multifol Patentverwert Ag | Method of forming laminated plastic tubing |
US3314840A (en) * | 1961-08-01 | 1967-04-18 | Celanese Corp | Process and apparatus for producing a non-woven fabric |
NL297313A (de) * | 1962-08-30 | 1900-01-01 |
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1967
- 1967-06-16 US US646720A patent/US3542615A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1968
- 1968-06-11 GB GB27774/68A patent/GB1242000A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-06-11 LU LU56247D patent/LU56247A1/xx unknown
- 1968-06-14 BE BE716610D patent/BE716610A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-06-14 NL NL6808435A patent/NL6808435A/xx unknown
- 1968-06-17 FR FR1572627D patent/FR1572627A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-06-18 DE DE1760662A patent/DE1760662C3/de not_active Expired
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1969
- 1969-11-21 US US877557A patent/US3705068A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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DE1760662A1 (de) | 1972-01-05 |
US3705068A (en) | 1972-12-05 |
GB1242000A (en) | 1971-08-11 |
NL6808435A (de) | 1968-12-17 |
DE1760662B2 (de) | 1975-02-06 |
LU56247A1 (de) | 1969-05-29 |
FR1572627A (de) | 1969-06-27 |
BE716610A (de) | 1968-12-16 |
US3542615A (en) | 1970-11-24 |
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