DE1815091A1 - Control device for a brushless direct current motor - Google Patents

Description

"" expensive equipment for a kollektorlooen llejch .: Lro. ~ motor> "

I'ie 'iiv'i .. "'.:" _ ":;<:'" I ff fc - ^j Lnfi'. '„-« er;!. ■!.; ·.! -. j / t? j 'ο in en> oll (? k tnrloaon - Gl-.ichotron-no tor with eiuenj perraariant-na ^ riu ti-ic'ien rotor, a stator rait at least, oiner Gtatorwio ^ liuii; im I IIalbleiterschaltelotaenten sum Komrrutieron 'ies otromes dijroli dirt-se .ickluii ^ in dependence on the C tellur ^; the Ko tors »3olohe Oloiohßti'ommotoren niüd known, among other things from: Vw-l-IatenisoLriften 2,980,839 and 3, -14> ß ^ 3-, which also contain examples of related Stouerf ^j Lnric'-t-t'.inf-en ..

In particular, these patents line engines with several Ctafcorvrioklun ^ s and 'ialleitschaX te learn to' 'orientate the 3tr8me rlAirch dieöa l / icklfU'igeH, so that one unlaiifendes with the '»otor `` A toroidal rotary field is produced,

Cine the in the υΠΑ-Pater.tscIirift 2,260,539 "^ Control device - !! .sovio .lie in der Iafcönt :: c \ rif .. 3.21-4 »6 Γ ts υ ere towards each contain egg. .. "otziotgeiierritor a-cjn '' rain one The number of impedance circles corresponding to the number of stator windings, each with a ve r3n de rl iahen element, a teverorijan revolving with the kotor to change the impedance of the petite clement of each impedance circuit ir. Dependent on the division of the TiotorSj and a detector to demo the 3ραηκυη £; tToer one 'learns every impedance circuit and to control the "H ^ IbIeiterschalteleaje * te" les Motors.

f; ie siid the one used. T'Otor with mebrereit Ctatorwioklun ^ en adapted in that they are each equipped with several impedance circuits with corresponding, displaced against each other around the axis of the ütator Elements are equipped and each have an equal number of "detectors" own.

These elements of impedance circuits based on changes in the ImpedanaBn known 3teuerei "irioht" Ungen have the "iEigenschaft _f that the change of the impedance of each element in dependence on the position dea control member gradually f on; eht, both when the element in question a variable capacitance is, as indicated in Pig »5 of the USA patent specification 2,980,839 or as in dor USA patent specification 3» 214 »663» ^& ^ ^B auoh if this element is a variable inductance, as in the other embodiments of the USA patent specification 2,980,839.

On the other hand, there is a® sudden® commutation of the etroffies through the stator connections at the pipe tube of clearly defined Positions of the rotator facing the stator are very reversible. Indeed the increase in the current becomes through one stator winding near every communication

006826/1102

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tation, by delaying the inductance of the relevant winding solion more than desired, while the sudden cut-off of the current through a. inductive load also always offers difficulties ". With a reasonably slow increase and decrease of the current through each stator winding, the utilization of the motor is relatively poor and the torque developed is small compared to that of an ordinary collector motor of the same weight / or the same dimensions, In According to this relationship, the ideal current flow through each stator winding is a series of rectangular current pulses in alternating directions, each with a duration that is slightly smaller than a movement of the motor by one division A

corresponds to “with relatively slowly changing impedances Elements of the impedance circuits of the defined control device is one Approaching this ideal commutation only with greater effort of means such as threshold detectors and / or amplifiers, pulse formers, flip-flops etc. possible.

: - The aim of the invention is to provide a control device

of the type already defined, whereby an ideal commingling can be approximated without additional funds _f so that the iiotor works with an efficiency that was previously unattainable with brushless direct current motors, ■ -

The control device according to the invention is characterized in that the control element is a permanent magnet extending over a few times more than 360 ° around the axis of the rotor and revolving with it . that the variable © element of every impedance circuit is an impedance # "consisting of a winding attached to a core made of a ferromagnetic material" nit avÄgeprlgteiE r> 3itigungakni "<sk, 4β3Ρβη Weri duroh saturation of the core by the field of the control magnet,

00 θ-β 2 β / 110-2

■ p: sr. 3091

with the appropriate position of the rotor, is greatly reduced, sodaos the ... Rotor has a rectangular course.

Preferably the! 'Control magnet is so nagn'? t-icier t ur; d ■ the core of the variable clement of each of the impedance circles is attached in such a way that the level of the control magnet runs parallel to the flux line of the core. In an advantageous embodiment: · the winding of the variable element of each of the irapedance circles on the φ associated core with respect to avf the direction; of the field of the r: tei; erma _t : nets

symmetrically attached, so that a change in the size of this field Virtually no voltage induced over the entire winding.

In facilities with multiple impedance circuits he. for "otors with several stator windings, each impedance circuit preferably contains apart from the liicklunj attached to the associated core, one with this capacitor connected in series, with all impedance circuits connected in parallel.

The invention is ar. Hand explaining the drawing in more detail. Show it

Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of a simplest -ajsfChrungsbeiepiels, 2 shows the circuit diagram of a second exemplary embodiment for 5r a DC motor with a two-pole rotor and a four-pole stator with two stator windings or four half stator windings.

3 shows a cross section through the control part of the Ilotora of this second exemplary embodiment

Fig. 4 hurried longitudinal section through this control part.

Fig »5 oscillograms of the scanning voltage over the impedance

BADORIQiNAL

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circles and the forced vibrational tension above the winding of a unsaturated core of the control device of the embodiment according to Fig. 2 or 7

Pig «6 the envelope of the forced;."> Vibrational stress over the winding of its core with the rotor rotating; and

Pig, 7 the circuit diagram of a third embodiment .'Cr is a DC motor with a two-pole rotor and a six-pole Stator with six stator windings,

The very simple embodiment according to Fig. 1 has a control device for a brushless direct current motor with a two-pole permanent magnet rotor 1, magnetized in a diametrical direction, with a two-pole stator with a two-part winding 2, 2 ¹ with a center tap 3 * and with switching transistors 4 and 5 to commutate the current through this winding depending on the position of the rotor 1. The cement tap 3 is directly connected to the negative terminal of a DC voltage source 6 and the terminals of the winding 2, 2 ¹ are connected with the positive terminal of this source, depending on the collector-emitter path of an associated Lc holding transistor or, 5. ■

The control device contains a sampling generator, this is a serrated tooth generator with a capacitor 7 »4 through a resistor 3 is periodically charged by the voltage of the source 6 and which t '": nr, a semiconductor element with negative resistance characteristics, discharges as soon as its voltage exceeds a threshold value . This is, however, could Ilalbleiterlement 9j shown as a so-called "unijunction" transistor or diode with double "Uasis of the pnp b by the combination of two transistors w" npn type having mutually crosswise -? joined base and collector _electrodes? or by one

ooöiag / i 102

- ^ r 'only. 3-091

(pnpn) four-wire transistor ireo-formed,

»D in Entla & estromkreis of the capacitor 7, h, between the negative base of the transistor 9 and the negative terminal of the ^ tural 6 is a Irapedanzkreis a eschaltet ^ _y axis which an element 10 nit variable impedance be.steht,

The control device also contains a control element 11 rotating with the rotor 1 for changing the impedance of the variable. Plenents 10 of the impedance circuit as a function of the f.tellw-U 'of the PwOtors 1 and a detector 12 srm "» emodrliereii the ^ pannun ^ * over the variable element 10 of the impedance circuit and srir. Rtercn: the "cL -.ilttransistors 4 and 5 of the engine,

The detector 12 is a '- "ransistor des npn ^' yps, whose Emitter directly connected to the ne ^ itive Klorceler 'Qj.telle 6 iit, its base on the i / fineir jsaraen point dec Klecients ID u; v3 the negative Base of the transistor 9 is connected, and its collector over two Ohmic voltage divider 13, 14 * »m 15? 15 to the positive aspects of the Source 6 is included »

The base of the Go stop transistor 4 is cdt de ©! "Oller tor nasty Transistor 12 coupled via resistor 13, uiid the Baois des an'leider. The switching transistor 5 is connected to the same collector via the resistor 13 urul a phase-unique transistor 17 d.es ρηρ-Vyps coupled and via a collector resistor 18 of this transistor with the ne>; ative lllemrae dar source, 6 connected »

Corresponding to the "through the Abtaetgenerator], 8, Q ü-bur lement 10 energized by the transistor 12 fichwingungen be rectified Λνηά. Component verhäliaiiamSssi ^ high Preqiienz the rectified voltage is filtered out by a low-pass filter which consists of a

BATH ORIGINAL

00 98 26/11 0.2

fber ilerITolleV torerdtterstreoke des '"ra ^ sistcrs 1? gesc' -. alteter. IIo ¹ den sat or 15 irtid avs dem Viiderstar.d 13 baw, 1J> consists, finally si ;; T ¹ Ie I'ollel · tor- Jnitter .; route the switching transistors 4 and fi ft'r in αχώ ti ve counter save uiij · π ch.rch. in counterparaKIsckalturig connected "Jioder. ■ üzw »25 bridged,

GemSiJs der: 3rfindun _t _, ict the control organ, in 3Ά üich z, "^, 3, i: s -""ic · 4 & ^es German GebraiiclisniiicteTS 1.93 ^ '»' ^ 7'J "b-vacu. ter '.r: ir-e, a permaiier.ter' · '-ij _k et 11 revolving with the rotor 1, of which one pole is over less than 360 degrees beyond the axis of the potentiometer, z,. ~ \ iber ^

180 ° stretches »The changeable Clement des Inpedar-.zlrreises 10 is one, on a closed" em 20, in particular ax'f eir.ein? .Ir; f; l; eni, from eii.oT: ferroma ^ iietischen i- toff with notification of l'-StticimgsbrUcl ·:,. z, " ^: . ai s ei: en Perrit, an ^ ebraohte winding 1C, 3ei ei.tsprecher.der Otelliinj; des I'.otcrs the impedance of the winding 10 is determined by the 7eid of the F + ei-erra ^ rieter. 11, very much reduced by the magnetic-! door tension with revolving Hotor 1 a rectangular 7-leg? .vf ax-fweis ⁴ ,

'is .fie shown the control magnet 11 in the axial? .iohtvig A

magnetized and he.strec '-: t over an arc of 130, \ ml of the tem 20 of the variable element 10 of the impedance s'-'. trip is so . \ - £ the stator attached that the field of the control magnet 11 runs parallel to the plane of the core 20. In addition, the control plane, i.e. the axial plane through the HaKd of the 3 control magnet 11, runs radially, as does the plane through the em 20, so that these two planes coincide in a control division _for the core 20 when the output of the control magnet 11 is suddenly activated or suddenly it stops being saturated by this field.

009S26 / 1102

ph :. 3691

Further, the winding 10 is on the "en 20 and with respect to the direction of the field of the otever magnet 11 is attached symmetrically, so that a change in the size of this field over the entire '.'iclrlun. practically no voltage induced.

Thanks to the described embodiment of the Ütei'erorgans and the variable element of the impedance circuit, the control pulses generated by the detector 12-16 _f 19 are of extensive hot and, since they are generated by rectifying a vibration or carrier voltage, its amplitude is virtually throughout their LSnge constant, regardless of the respective speed of rotation of the rotor 1. With a given inductance of the stator windings 2 and 2, this enables maximum torque and maximum mechanical power with a favorable degree of efficiency.

The T-Iotor shown in Figure 1 has two main disadvantages

1) The rtator field jumps back and forth from a seal into the opposite direction, so that the motor does not by itself and not must start in a predetermined direction, unless you meet a suitable, special cash frame and so that its torque in two positions per revolution is equal to Hull.

2) Each of the Viioklungsteile 2 and 2 ¹ is only duroh. "'Flow through a certain direction and, from the standpoint of a favorable utilization of the existing winding space and / or the copper used, it would be more advantageous to adjust the direction of the current through the entire winding 2, 2 'periodically reverse »

The embodiment illustrated in Figures 2, 3 and 4 is not suffer from the mentioned drawbacks. In this, the rotor 1 is again a permanent-magnetic K body magnetized transversely to the axis of rotation

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with two magnetic poles., The stator is four-pole t-iid carries four winding parts 2, 2 ', 22, 22 ·. Each end of each of the windings 2, 2 · and 22, 22 * is connected to the collectors of two switching transistors of opposite conductivity types, so that the voltage supply source 6 can drive a current through each winding, both in one and in the other direction, and that the current through which each winding can also be completely interrupted. For example, the upper terminal of winding 2, 2 'is connected to the collectors of a pnp switching transistor 34 of the AC I88 type and an npn switching transistor 45 of the AG 187 type. The emitters of all pnp switching transistors 34 »44» 54 and 64 are directly connected to the positive terminal of source 6, those of npn switching transistors 35 »45> 55 and -65 are directly connected to the negative terminal of this source, and the emitter collector stretcher of all switching transistors are bridged by a blocking diode 36, 46, 56, 66 or 37, 47, 57, o7, type 0A9.

The device again includes a sampling generator in the form of a sawtooth generator with a capacity that is about a Resistance 8 of e.g. 10 kJL due to the voltage of the source 6 periodically g © lad © n and which is connected via a unijunction transistor 9 ies type 2 II 2646 discharges as soon as the voltage exceeds the threshold value of the limitter voltage Translator has reached »In deviation from the execution

the pig. 1, this capacity is formed by that of four small Keppiungsleondensatoreii 28 ₈ 38, 4O ₉ 58 of 1000 pF each, about? 7 <3l @ k © 30 © in® SteueiTwiolclusag 30 _ρ 4O ₈ 50 or «, 60 with the emitter of the 9th g © l £ 0pp © lt Isto DsJf Kr © is & © r negative basis of this onthElt file koine Bslagtungslnpeaana «, an I-iiaesstand 21 15 © J | _S is äodooh swlßohsn its positive basia

/1

«Taphi .. 3691

and the positive "terminal of the source 6 switched on. The other Terminal each of the windings 30, 40, 5 ° and -60 is directly connected to the negative terminal of the source 6, so that the capacitors 28, 38, 48 and 58 via the corresponding winding 30, 40, 50 or 60 and the Resistor 8 can be charged. This loading is done proportionally slowly, within a time interval of e.g. about 20 / usec., so that the impedance of each of the windings 30, 40, 50 »oO is only one exerts negligible influence.

When the capacitance 28, 38, 48, '58 is discharged through the transistor 9, shock excitation in the oscillating circuit consisting of this capacitance and the inductance of the windings 30, 40, 5 ^ »60 attenuated oscillations of much higher frequency are excited, and the high frequency voltage across each of these windings is fed to a detector. Each of the detectors consists of an npn control transistor 32, 42, 52 or 62 of the type 30 IO7 in a double emitter follower and reversing circuit, the emitter collector path of which is bridged by a corresponding filter capacitor 39, 49, 59 or 69 of "0.047 / uF The high-frequency voltage at each of the windings 30, 40, 50 0 is supplied via an associated I / Mitter resistor 31, 41 51, 61 to the base jitter path of the corresponding control transistor 32, 42, 52, 62 and its half-waves, which form the base of the transistor under consideration Controlling positively in relation to its emitter also makes the lOmitter-collector path of this transistor conductive "As a result of these short and successive conduction periods of each otouertransistoro, z, ~ \ 32, the behavior of the ICondizator, a«? _s 39 »bridged -! mitterkollektorotreoke deasölttoiij iXutrients every high frequency schwin jimgsini.vises like a resistance XTcd'ar-oh Λίβ base of the sugQhörigen pnp Gohalttranaiators 34 " above

3AD ORIGINAL

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FX. 3691

a "olle'.itorwi & erBtand 33 of 2, λ ?: _t Z ^ zSt _{9 with} the basis of the corresponding npn switching transformer 33- vsrbuu & en. Through this connection a base current of the pnp-series transistor 34i flows ^from the positive terminal of the source 6 to the base of the NPN switching transistor and, via its base emitter section, parallel with the "jinitter resistance of a, B, 330" of the Ctener transistor 32, after the negative inhibition of the terminals of the Cjuelle 6 , "". 34 and 35} of a couple - during the Eochire: n * enzschwingungsi ".ip \« lses through a single control tarsistor, 3.B. 32, conductive ce ^ -aclit.

Each of the Uicf.clunjen 30, & Q- _t 5'-f ^ O is qivje "brought ru f eir.em closed" er from a FeTTona ^ jie table. ; .toff with a pronounced saturation kink, z, B »on a back»! ars a ferrite. vi \> l "thus forms the variable element of a corresponding impedance..2> trip, z,"', 28, 30, "consisting of readers Ifiolfaig vnä. as the associated.! lopi-lungB capacitor.

'Never shown in Piguren 3' and 4 are the learnings with the windings 30, i \ .0 _f ^ O xsni 60 around the axis SO of the engine against each other, with regular angles of 3.?. 90 _t arranged, "ie are attached to a single-core holder 92 attached to the Πtator armature 3 " · Teben the rotor 1, a, P ·. sus Ferroxdure 330 k, there is a control element 11 on the shaft, in the form of a tToer less as 3ö0, s,?, extending over 24Ο around the axis $ 0 of the rotor 1, and attached to this rotating permanent I'agnetenxaoM, ζ, B, also made of Ferroxdure 330 k. The control magnet 11 is parallel to the sighting of the rotor axis 90 magnetized and the plane of the core of each of the windings 30, 40 »5 °, is also parallel to this direction and goes through the axis 90, the control magnet 11 shown is sector-thin and has delimiting edges

00θ "β2β / 1102

-Τ * · - HIT. 3691

on ι each in a transition or Gterer-lTmlaufstellung in the plane of the core of the winding 30, 40, 50 or 60 of a variable impedance corresponding reversed impedance circuit prefer- · In particular, ran both the axial boundary surfaces of the control magnet 11 and the core of the winding 30, 40, 50 or 60 variable impedance each of impedance circles 28, 3Qf 38, 40, 48, 50 "and 58, 60 in radial planes through the axis of the engine.

Thanks to the described mutual arrangement of the control magnet 11 and the cores of the windings 30, 40, 50 and 60 are the pronounced The saturation point of the magnetic substance of this nucleus is that The transition of each core, with the rotating rotor 1, from a state of magnetic Saturation duroh the transverse field of the magnet 11 after a state of relatively low magnetic induction, and vice versa, very abruptly and suddenly.

The lower diagram of FIG. 5 shows the scanning voltage TJ des

Sampling generators with the unijunction transistor 9 via the parallel connection of the impedance circuits 28, 30; 38, 4Ο5 48 »50 and 58, 60, With a supply source 6 with a voltage of 12 volts, this is a gage tooth voltage with an amplitude " of approximately 8 volts. The repetition and fundamental frequency of this sawtooth voltage is approximately 22 kHz with a total capacitance of capacitors 28, 38, 48 and 58 of 4OOO pP and a value of resistor 8 of 10 kOhm,

• · In the arrangement of the shown in Figures 3 and 4

Control magnets 11 and the variable elements 30, 40, 50 and 60 of the Inptdanzkreis · are always at least two and at most three of the none of these elements duroh 'the control magnet 11 is saturated, so that the inductances the associated windings, e.g. 30, 40 and 50, are reasonably small

009820/1102

BATH ORIGINAL

. 3691

are. Together with the capacitors 28, 38, 48 and 58 'it forms the inductance the remaining winding a.B, 60 or the two remaining windings one Oscillation circuit of duroh the setback of each period of the sawtooth oscillation U is pushed. As a result of this shock excitation occurs

et

one over this remaining winding or one over each of these remaining windings strongly damped vibration clamping U. shown on the diagram above

ff

of Fig. 5. This oscillation voltage has a maximum negative amplitude of about 3 volts and, under load, a maximum positive amplitude of about 1.6 volts, while the voltage across the windings, e.g. 30, 40 and 50, the nuclei of which are saturated and are negligibly small.

The frequency of this oscillation voltage is of the order of magnitude of

■ '..' ■
27O kHss for windings 30, 40, 50 and 60 with 50 turns each from Eupfer wire with a Durohmesser of 0.07 rom avif a toroidal core made of ferrite with an outer diameter of 2 mm.

When the rotor 1 is rotating, these form successive trains damped vibrations Sohwingungimpülse, the envelope in Fig. 6 is shown for a rotor speed of approximately 2100 revolutions per minute. The steepness of the leading and trailing edges is striking of these impulses, the first negative peak of each Sohwingungzuges (upper · The ossillogramra of Fig. 5) is of so much shorter duration than its first positive tip that the duroh rectification of the positive half-wool The positive control voltage obtained from a train is greater than the negative Control voltage, which is generated by the direction of the negative half-waves of the same train over several periods of the saw-wave oscillation could.

The sequence of events chosen for theoretical and practical reasons is represented by the following table, in which 'o ine''" ⁿ .

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Zero to a conductive, one Sins to a blocked switching transistor • speaks, iind the arrows a stream "certain direction through a Ui indicate ι

Stator windings Scarf transistors ι 34 45 64 55 44 35 54 65 2.2 '22, 22 »

tfinkelbereioh 6th Λ 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 X X Il ά I.
2 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 t -> Il 6th 3. 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 -> Il 6th 4th 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 - > • I ό 5 1 Ö 0 1 0 1 1 0 X X Il δ β 1 0 , .1 1 0 1 1 1 Il ό 7th 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 Il ά 8th 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 M. Λ 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1

It is ensured that the control device distinguishes between 2 / / ρ during a rotor rotation, in the case of a rotor with a single pole pair ρ that is described as 2 / 7J aoht angle ranges O., Where ^ r '- ^. M 2/7 / p, and if you identify these angles with the angles given in the table, you can see from the table that the stator field progresses more or less abruptly, whereby it, together with the rotating, phase-atarously coupled rotor field, is position-dependent, can generate a fluctuating, but always positive torque,

■. The switching transistors 34 and 35 »44 and 45» 54 and 55 and 64 vwd 65 are each conductive btw on the same side. locked so that they can be controlled together by a single control transistor. The angular ranges cf ^, 6 3 » O * and 6 η become the same

6p - 30 ° and the angle range ό ₂ , (f., <Jg and O _ß gleioh

009826/1102

PHI. 3691

3 ρ = 60 is chosen, _so that similar voltages, electrically shifted by 90 relative to one another, reach the armature windings 2, 2 'and 22, 22 , which contain no even harmonics and in which the third harmonic with its multiples is suppressed. It can easily be shown that the third harmonic causes by far the largest part of the losses caused by voltage harmonics, while it does not make any contribution to the mean value of the torque over one revolution. Since a sinusoidal induction distribution over the circumference of the rotor produces an approximately sinusoidal flux curve in the stator windings with uniform rotation, this mean grain M is approximately shown

by « 2ΙΓ · '

M - ^ S f Ni S sin (location + ψ ) d ( UJ t)

where m is the number of stator windings, IT is the number of turns of a winding, i is the instantaneous value of the current through a winding, (B the maximum value of the excitation flux linked to a winding of the Eotore, CO the circular frequency of the flux change and γ the phase shift, des Exciter field in relation to the moment of transition from qq to <ß. If i is the current - through the winding 2, 2 ¹ ,

Because of the sinusoidal course of the river is also the induced voltage sinusoidal. Eian neglects IT non-linearities When the stator iron is saturated, all the harmonics of the current stir of harmonics in the applied voltage. They do not contribute to the above expression of the moment TI,

The course of the voltage reaching the windings via the switching transistors controlled as a function of the position is also indicated by one of the diodes 36-37; 4 ^ i 47 »? 6, 57 and 66, 67 resulting contribution au

Q09S26 / 1 102

-ft * πϊγ. 3ί; ι

gS.-z ·?:., 5 series in "perraugenblick, s." ^1st \ ou the T-rar sis tore.-. 3Ί ^η Jl, "at the" eber ^ ang νοπ Kinkel "ie re I Q. , In the area Ä. In the ¥ ic '<lu.r. £ 2, 2'fliesüei'deΓ'-trom becomes f'- About the direction of this current in the forward direction. Bodice, ^ i η -3 .'J] ^ ufreo ^ tei ^ .alteiJ, until the "i; er _o ie ab je bart f .-. O der .'tron aif] T. Stored in the!. 'Icklpn ^ \ ill has sunk. Jo after »! tromrichtimg thus becomes' f '" jer lie] ei ^J .o :: <len ⁷ -iod-in, ripaiirATnc *' ^ r f-iJier. or the other * polarity to the '.,' ioklung lived, wShreKd all uchalttra..f: istorer: z. \ 34 » ZZt 44 and 45 f ^ ¹ " ^r -i ^e betrefrezide "iiioliluiic jSEblock ε :,: ■", Praise .ti '? The Γ.-tron urf "i'.ll jes ^ niken is, also block the Lioderi isr.d until the Xidoren transistors become conductive, s.3, 44 vn.l 45 11'3Ct ₁ SIi der Τίίο> 1ιυο ^ :: - ut die di-ro} i the u.ulai-fon Ie field des Ho tors 1 ir.drcicrte idle SpanniTi ^ ,.

Kit the described course of the! ÜtätorKpanminc lasrrt r ^: i the ffr the evaluation w-e: obijen expression of the Tomer.ts "'" ^ a.required output of the current i, z,?. through di, e "t.'icklunc i, 2 'in a re bucket.» Thereby, for example, from a? "Iillpur.kt from ^ ejanjen, which corresponds to the length of the line from""angle area cf o to the Y, angle area Cf _1. The ftfr the extension of the The main course dec ι tromes i through the ΐ / icklunc 2, 2 'during the iankel areas q ,, & _o and O ^ then results in ι

i ■ - 1 ■ - C.
0 X r / r - e χ Λ ι * .2

+ ψ) - χ cos (cot - (sin T - 3C cos

. _ χ-, * ■ ι. ,, LO L.

where C = · ■ and χ = —το U Ii Λ

U the upanniaig of the storage; eq, \ ielle 6, L the inductance of the series circuit of the winding parts 2 xaid 2 · \ oid R is the ohmic resistance of this series

BATH

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-TV 'ΓΓ'Τ. 3-91

circuit is preferred in the Durehlassvi'lerstai.d the transistors 34 W-Ä. is.

TTm ifit <*? = 2 / Tp times the speed π «? // h, so that χ can be set as Jie numbered speed ai's, "sees that the. Gtrom i for high '." er te of χ can be negative kai Ji, whereby it is αϊ over the parallel diodes, s , ~ ?. 36 and 37 -left (generator operation vuid / or partial recovery of the stored energy. Furthermore, nai. Recognizes that the term with C is practically neglected at low speeds

"During the run-in, the otr-om i next rises according to an exponentialfion. The maximum value that it reaches in this case depends on the time it takes to pass through the angular ranges Ό .., Cn ^ ¹ ^ Ot benStijt and which again mainly depends on the moment of inertia of the rotor 1 and the driven parts «The switching transistors 34» 35; 44 »4 ^ 5 54» 55 ^^ d- 64 »65 must be dimensioned for this maximum current.

IOr den im Winke! Area u. An expression at'oh can be determined from the diodes 46 and 47 briefly flowing, but the angle of current flow cannot be calculated analytically. The evaluation of the above. Expression of torque K and the determination & 11bt distant basic parameters for the numerical calculation of a Naeh Fig. 2 was therefore by means of a digital Grossreohenanlage

IKiroh suitable® choice of I-Totox'parametss? can be used as Fora Dr®haioiRenia? © hsahlk © nnlinie the largely vsa ssinen 1-iotoffs jedsai Wunseh! Tebonsehlussverhalten his Reihensohlus.s'FerhalteK to adjust ₀

BoofiteSnlomgan regarding l) © stimait © 2? ATs = sindp let the Parasaetss is all «=

ifMS & .K ^ J "■: - · ■ *: '■

09826 / Γ10

PIN CODE. 3ό? 1

Generally, select such that the rated operation efficiencies between 60 and 8O; .j are achieved. A practically executed drive according Fi; *., And with 2 a 1.5 watt motor had a maximum of 4500 DrehgeschvindigV.eit circulation per minute at a Utachwindigkeit of 3750 l ^t / min, the efficiency reached a "aximalwert of 75! ', with a drive torque of 42 p »cm, ντΛ this drive torque rose to 80 p.cm at the speed of 3000 IT / min, with a total efficiency of άό /.

The voltage of the original 6 was 12 yoIt, the. »'Iders taiid and the inductance of each of the windings ' Z, 2 · and 22, 22 · were 10,} ohms and 27.7 m ilenru,

£ the product IT. ψ the number of turns in a Htator pole winding 2 or J ⁵

or, 22 or 22 ¹ times the J exciter flux was equal to 33 »5 mV ^se c and the phase angle τ '" was selected to be equal to +13, "With a phase angle Tp = 0, while maintaining all other parameters, the idle speed SX & increased approx. 5 ° 00 rpm, with a decrease in the run-in torque from 410 to 370 p.onu

FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of one corresponding to that of Pig, 2 Embodiment of the Steuereinrichtvmg according to the invention for a motor with seohs stator or armature poles and six corresponding ones Windings 93 »94» 95 »9t» 97 »98 which are arranged in two delta connections

norms are. The electronic commutator has SWEi-zusStzliehe pair "of switching transistors 74» 75 wnd 34, 85 with anti-parallel diodes iS _f 77 and 86, 87 and two additional control transistors 72 and 82 capacitor with parallel "79 tow, 89, and emitter and collector resistors 71 "73 bsw, 81» 83 »This © Dtexrartransistoren be by a control magnet, such as those of figures 3 and controlled $ 4 by means zusätalioher Impedaiiakreise 68, 70 \ t-iά" / S ^ 80 In a Rinekarnfealter such as the Cold $ 2 Pl. . ■ -. - ^: r: A die- Hingkeme with don Wioklungen 3O ₃ 40, 50 »60, 70 and

BATH ORIGINAL

"." ■ ΡϊΓ, 3691 -

80 are now arranged at angular intervals of 60 each, and the control magnet is stretched over a range of 18O, so that an intermittent frequency voltage is generated over three of these six windings. The excitation of these windings takes place in the order 30, 70, 50, 40, 80, so that, assuming six angular ranges Ό . of 60 each, the commutation can be shown in the table below »Stator windings: 93 94 95 96. 97 98

Angular range Q. A. K - ^ - ^ K

0 2? 7th ^U ξ ~~ 4: ---

" I \ χ ir js ν

O ¹ ^ --— «J 'Il Λ ** · A in f» * ^w 04 >' ^Z ^ ^ ^E ^

- ^ ^K <-

where the arrows indicate the direction of rotation on the winding concerned on Fir, 7 and the letter K a short circuit of the relevant Winding τ / while passing through the corresponding angular range (60), Via two holding transistors of the same conductivity type and thus anti-parallel switched diodes, for currents in any direction. Compared to the known electronic control devices, the device according to the invention has advantages 1.

1) The air gap between the control magnet and the closed core the winding of the variable element of each impedance circuit is not critical and can easily be 1 now or more,

2) The slope of the generated high-frequency pulses is even after rectification and sieving it is extraordinarily high, so on

.Additional pulse converter stages can be completely dispensed with «

ooeeae / 1102

3} The set-up is simple, hassle-free and. is working

extremely lost tarra «In described practical. Aiiöffthrungsbeispiel the drive according to the Figv.rer. 2, 3 and 4 was' lie from the sampling generator mi ': · the power consumed by the transistor 9 only -] O ml /, and the feed power consumed by the ntevertransistors 32, 4 ^ j 5 ² and 62 only?, 1.,',

DC motors with control devices according to the iSrfinInig are always to be used advantageously if the use of DC motors with common collectors causes problems. 'iederholmcefreiuenz of the high-frequency generator generated over the Tficklunj of an impedance circle eats always proportional to the speed, came: the, possibly rectified flpani.ung on such a),, "winding compared to the duroli ei: ien tachogenerator supplied Isiwertrii"" · ¹ "^ replace so that ei ;, '"ac'iogenerutor Rr.tfa.llPn can,! "Itt ^ lu beoon ^ erer crucible clialturge: ifit es'daj'tn possible, within one, extended tone "; · yellow rich iron high" ir '.'- vr.gsgrad au received ^ what π it gew3''. liclien rotors with permanent— n?, g: i ^ tif.oher excitation: ng hardly ο ντα i cub ar ϊε ⁴ ,

I'ine importanto .l.wer.di.-ngsmo ^ liclvzoit · lie ^ t at: f the area of Li ¹ .ft- tan? he ar.konrat particularly 'arf hohcj -uverliLikigkeit and ultra Laige Lebensdai or, This Lz ⁴ ·; ra.urifahi-t, Wori. the advantage of the high overall Viir> i: i: gsgr? .def3 ausscMaggebC'-d, because it allows ei-e woue Ί lehe "savings on Ofj - ic '-. t in the Ctromversorgur.grnr'ctem,

Another interesting Aiiwev.dungsnS ^ liohkeit i «t der Eintrieb üi..G5 rehsahlgo ^ rg ^ l ^J .o-; c! π-grades, "an integration of the rotor with the" cawuMgrad "achieves an optimal design in terms of dimensions and Oewioht , transferring the ?! ? ^ anpaesen laeuer. "

9026/1102 p-

- BAD ORIGINAL

Claims (2)

1. Cterereii cattle door, _, Γ ^? 'ν: .U.ev. '.-. olle'.;' orloso. '. niit a permanent r: rj.-j epic "otor, one, 'Iutor: -> it rii: deR ⁴ .ei.s one -t ^ torvicMung ^ aid lialblciitersoVsltelenonter .. ξι m Tlomrnv animals des'!, rjrr.es du raw each ü.'ioklunj, in .ΛΙιϋϊ ^ iöi: eit from the ί iollvnj of the engine, welo'.e ririoiitunü ¹ eivier. -'J) t-; istje -. er ?. '. or si ra Urreje -: " ¹ egg-ier, the ΛίΐζαΜ lun ^ Gn correspond.den .'j-.aahl Inpedaj: 2 '.. i'eise i - it je fii-.tm ver-Snderliolien Clement, a with .lern? .otor nmlv.i-rer.des- rj'.everor ^ oi "3 \ n 7er-Si de Γι ι the impedance of the νβΓΧιι ^ εΓίΐοΙ-.βη -ilomo .-. tes each inipe the departure α ■ in ATahärljijjV.eit from the '" lollm ^ · ties engine , ii: -. l ei :; detector to. "iemodvlieren the voltage flieri l.'lemexit each Irnpedai'-z'-rreises υηΐ ζντη _oteuem the Halltleiterachalteler.en te contains, thereby; each '.. ennseichr: et, -that the control organ is eiu fl "over less .alo 3 ^! 'O about the ..ο'ηκβ of the P.otors aioh streol: ender and with this urr.l'u tender permnr.enter" urnet, imd dasa the veräi .mere "'le'-ent · each Icjpedai a'treises an Inspeda -z. consisting of a ticklunc, whose'., 'ert through is a" era from a rorrornayietic otoff with pronounced Cättigiuri ^ skniok an ^ ebraohte "'.) 5ttiGting of the core by the ^p eld of the Gtevernaenets, in the corresponding position of the rotor, is greatly offset, so that the control voltage generated by the corresponding detector has a rectangular shape when the rotor rotates. 2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the control magnet magnetized, and the core of the variable impedance element of each circuit mounted such iat _f that the field of the control magnet parallel to IJbene de "Kerns.verlauft. 00982Ö / 1102 -es »- γτγ. 3691 3 «Setup \ m <; according to claim 2, characterized in that class the control magnet nektori <3rr.i £ is and the limit vmgsr'l'u'U.r a \ .f-. travels the ever • in a transitional position in the "i'Jbene of the Heroes of the Changeable Element of a corresponding reversed impedance circuit.es lie ^ e -., 4 «Device according to claim 3» characterized ^ indicates that both the edges of the "tenernagnets" and the arch of the "em of the changeable clement of each Inpedavizkreis in radial iuoewei. l \; rch the axis of the "otor ran. 5 «Institution Tiach iiH3pn: ch ° - _t 3 or Λ, dadv.roh ii-ekennaeichne t, that the '(' ioklunr des changeable -. 'lenientes of each impedance mark on the zncehSrijen kernel with respect to the duty of the customs of the oteuermaone ts is attached symmetrically, so that an alteration of the crBsse lieaes felles tJber the entire Wioklutif; practically no tension ^; iiiduaiert «6," inrichttinij after one of the previous addresses, roof-raw ^ Q- kenr.aeiclinet that the ^r em of the changeable Elomontes of each impedance circuit s a closed, preferably a closed toroidal core iiti 7 · setup according to one of the previous "^ gprfohe, for one ! ^C otor with at least two Gtatorwicklun ^ en and Tlalblei terschal te learn to communicate the currents through this winding, so that a rotating stator field is generated with the P.otor, which means several impedance circles with corresponding, around the axis of the stator t ^ has mutually offset variable elements and an equal number of detectors, characterized in that each of the impedance circuits, except for the cooling provided on the associated core, contains a capacitor connected in series with it, and that all impedance circuits are connected in parallel. BATH ORIGINAL 2g / 1 1 0 2 . Γ3ΪΙ. 3691 8, a rich do g according to claim 7j, characterized in that the parallel connection of the Impedanakreice in a corrective circle of the Scanning Geiierator is included, 9 »Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the Sampling generator a semiconductor element to close its oscillation circuit contains, 10, installation according to claim 9 ». characterized in that the sampling generator has a resistor and a voltage source for the periodic Charging of the capacitors of the parallel connection of the impedance circuits and that the semiconductor element is a negative resistance element The characteristic of the discharge of these capacitors when a certain capacitor voltage is reached is so that the internal vibrating circuit is shock-excited and a damped oscillation with a ratio in relation to the capacitor charging period short period is generated, 11, device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that each detector consists of a transistor whose base-emitter circuit connected across part of the associated impedance circuit and its collector-emitter path through a smoothing capacitor bridging t i s t. 12, device according to claim 11, characterized in that the base-emitter circuit of each detector transistor across the winding of the variable Element of the associated impedance circuit is connected. 00 9 826/1102