DE19510802A1 - Light coupling method with integrated beam shaping for light from waveguide - Google Patents
Light coupling method with integrated beam shaping for light from waveguideInfo
- Publication number
- DE19510802A1 DE19510802A1 DE1995110802 DE19510802A DE19510802A1 DE 19510802 A1 DE19510802 A1 DE 19510802A1 DE 1995110802 DE1995110802 DE 1995110802 DE 19510802 A DE19510802 A DE 19510802A DE 19510802 A1 DE19510802 A1 DE 19510802A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- grating
- decoupling
- beam shaping
- cladding
- light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/34—Optical coupling means utilising prism or grating
Abstract
Description
Die Lichtauskopplung aus planaren monomodigen Wellenleitern mittels Auskoppelgitter [1, 2], Verjüngung des Cores [3], Aufsetzen eines Prismas [4], Kantenemission und die Strahlformung mit tiefenmodulierten Auskoppelgittern [5] ist seit langem bekannt.The decoupling of light from planar monomode waveguides by means of Coupling grating [1, 2], tapering of the core [3], fitting a prism [4], edge emission and beam shaping with depth modulated Coupling grids [5] have been known for a long time.
Der Nachteil aller bisherigen Methoden liegt darin, daß einerseits Strahlformung nur mit externen Optiken möglich ist, z. B. astigmatische Linsen bei kantenemittierenden Laserdioden. Andererseits ergeben sich bei der Strahlformung durch Modulation der Gitterparameter (Gittertiefe, Tastverhältnis) hohe technologische Anforderungen an die Herstellungsmethoden der Auskoppelgitter.The disadvantage of all previous methods is that on the one hand Beam shaping is only possible with external optics, e.g. B. astigmatic Lenses in edge emitting laser diodes. On the other hand, with beam shaping by modulating the lattice parameters (lattice depth, Duty cycle) high technological demands on the Manufacturing methods of the decoupling grid.
Die in diesem neuen Verfahren vorgeschlagene Kombination von Auskoppelgitter und Claddingdicken- bzw. Brechzahlvariation ist noch nicht bekannt gemacht worden. Diese Erfindung dient dem Zweck, Lichtauskopplung und Strahlformung (z. B. gaußförmiges Strahlprofil) mit einem geringen technologischen Aufwand zu realisieren. The combination of proposed in this new process Coupling grating and cladding thickness or refractive index variation is not yet been made known. This invention serves the purpose Coupling of light and beam shaping (e.g. Gaussian beam profile) to realize a low technological effort.
Der im folgenden oft verwendete Begriff Auskoppelgrad α ist definiert als die relative Abnahme der Amplitude A des Lichts im Wellenleiter über dem Auskoppelort x:The term decoupling degree α, which is often used in the following, is defined as the relative decrease in the amplitude A of the light in the waveguide over the Decoupling location x:
dA(x)/dx = - α A(x).dA (x) / dx = - α A (x).
Bei konstantem (= unmoduliert) Auskoppelgrad α erhält man als Strahlprofil längs des Auskoppelgitters eine exponentiell abfallende Amplitude.With a constant (= unmodulated) decoupling degree α, the beam profile is obtained an exponentially decreasing amplitude along the decoupling grid.
Zur Strahlformung muß der Auskoppelgrad α längs des Auskoppelortes x moduliert werden, d. h. der Auskoppelgrad α ist nicht mehr konstant, α wird eine Funktion des Auskoppelortes x.For beam shaping, the degree of decoupling α must be along the decoupling point x be modulated, d. H. the degree of decoupling α is no longer constant, α becomes a function of the decoupling location x.
α → α(x).α → α (x).
Im Fall der Claddingdickenvariation (siehe Skizze 1) geschieht die Modulation des Auskoppelgrades durch die Abstandsänderung des Auskoppelgitters zum Core (Kern des Wellenleiters). Da das Auskoppelgitter in die Claddingschicht integriert ist, ergibt sich logischerweise eine Claddingdickenvariation. Die Claddingdicke im Auskoppelbereich nimmt hierbei keilförmig ab. Mit den Keilparametern wie Anfangskeildicke (Anfangsdicke des Claddings), Keilwinkel und Endkeildicke bzw. Auskoppellänge hat man drei Designfreiheitsgrade, die zur Strahlformung mittels Modulation des Auskoppelgrades genützt werden können. Die Modulation des Auskoppelgrades kann hierbei durch eine leichte Modulation der Gitterparameter (Ätztiefe, Tastverhältnis, Profilform) bzw. durch leichte Abweichung von der Keilform unterstützt werden.In the case of the cladding thickness variation (see sketch 1), the modulation takes place the degree of decoupling by changing the distance of the decoupling grid to Core. Because the decoupling grid in the cladding layer is integrated, there is logically a variation in cladding thickness. The The cladding thickness in the decoupling area decreases in a wedge shape. With the Wedge parameters such as initial wedge thickness (initial thickness of the cladding), The wedge angle and end wedge thickness or coupling length are three Design degrees of freedom, which are used for beam shaping by modulating the Decoupling degrees can be used. The modulation of the Decoupling levels can be achieved by slightly modulating the Grid parameters (etching depth, duty cycle, profile shape) or by slight Deviation from the wedge shape are supported.
Bei dem Verfahren der Strahlformung mittels Brechzahlvariation in der Claddingschicht längs des Auskoppelgitters (siehe Skizze 2) wird die Modulation des Auskoppelgrades dadurch erreicht, daß der Auskoppelgrad vom Brechzahlverhältnis Cladding zum Core abhängt. Ein geringer Brechungsindex im Cladding bedingt einen kleinen Auskoppelgrad und umgekehrt.In the process of beam shaping using a refractive index variation in the The cladding layer along the decoupling grid (see sketch 2) becomes the Modulation of the degree of coupling out achieved in that the degree of coupling out depends on the refractive index ratio of cladding to the core. A little Refractive index in cladding requires a small degree of coupling out and vice versa.
Bei dem Verfahren der Strahlformung mittels Brechzahlvariation in den Gittergräben längs der Auskoppelgitter (siehe Skizze 3) wird die Modulation des Auskoppeigrades dadurch erreicht, daß der Auskoppelgrad eine Funktion der Gittermodulation ist. Die Gittermodulation wird hierbei nicht durch geometrische Größen wie Gittertiefe, Tastverhältnis oder Profilform gesteuert, sondern durch die Wahl des Füllmaterials in den Gittergräben. Eine hohe Brechzahldifferenz zwischen Gittersteg und -graben ist einer hohen Modulation gleichzusetzen und bedingt einen hohen Auskoppelgrad und umgekehrt. In the process of beam shaping by means of refractive index variation in the Lattice trenches along the coupling grating (see sketch 3) is the modulation the Auskoppeigrad achieved in that the Auskoppelgrad a function the grid modulation is. The grid modulation is not affected by this Geometric sizes such as grid depth, duty cycle or profile shape controlled, but by the choice of the filling material in the trenches. A high difference in refractive index between the grating web and trench is one high modulation and requires a high degree of coupling and vice versa.
Literaturliste:Literature list:
[1] M. L. Dakss, L. Kuhn, P. F. Heidrich, B. A. Scott: Appl. Phys. Letters
16, 523 (1970).
[2] T. Tamir: "Beam and waveguide couplers" in Integrated Optics, 2nd
ed., T. Tamir, ed., Vol. 7 of Topics in Applied Physics (Springer Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1982) pp. 83-137.
[3] P. K. Tien, R. J. Martin: Appl. Phys. Letters 18, 398 (1974).
[4] L. V. Iogansen: Sov. Phys.-Tech. Phys. 7, 295 (1962).
[5] K. A. Bates, L. Li, R. L. Roncone, J. J. Burke: Appl. Optics 32, 12
(1993)[1] ML Dakss, L. Kuhn, PF Heidrich, BA Scott: Appl. Phys. Letters 16, 523 (1970).
[2] T. Tamir: "Beam and waveguide couplers" in Integrated Optics, 2nd ed., T. Tamir, ed., Vol. 7 of Topics in Applied Physics (Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1982) pp. 83-137.
[3] PK Tien, RJ Martin: Appl. Phys. Letters 18, 398 (1974).
[4] LV Iogansen: Sov. Phys.-Tech. Phys. 7, 295 (1962).
[5] KA Bates, L. Li, RL Roncone, JJ Burke: Appl. Optics 32, 12 (1993)
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE1995110802 DE19510802A1 (en) | 1995-03-24 | 1995-03-24 | Light coupling method with integrated beam shaping for light from waveguide |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1995110802 DE19510802A1 (en) | 1995-03-24 | 1995-03-24 | Light coupling method with integrated beam shaping for light from waveguide |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE19510802A1 true DE19510802A1 (en) | 1996-09-26 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
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DE1995110802 Withdrawn DE19510802A1 (en) | 1995-03-24 | 1995-03-24 | Light coupling method with integrated beam shaping for light from waveguide |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001079915A2 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2001-10-25 | University Of Manitoba | Diffraction grating in the whispering gallery mount |
WO2002077700A2 (en) * | 2001-03-22 | 2002-10-03 | Infinite Photonics, Inc. | Controlling passive facet reflections |
EP1402289A1 (en) * | 2001-05-17 | 2004-03-31 | Optronx, Inc. | Anisotropic etching of optical components |
EP1402564A2 (en) * | 2001-05-17 | 2004-03-31 | Optronx, Inc. | Integrated optical/electronic circuits and associated methods of simultaneous generation thereof |
US7194016B2 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2007-03-20 | The Research Foundation Of The University Of Central Florida | Laser-to-fiber coupling |
-
1995
- 1995-03-24 DE DE1995110802 patent/DE19510802A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001079915A2 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2001-10-25 | University Of Manitoba | Diffraction grating in the whispering gallery mount |
WO2001079915A3 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2002-08-08 | Univ Manitoba | Diffraction grating in the whispering gallery mount |
WO2002077700A2 (en) * | 2001-03-22 | 2002-10-03 | Infinite Photonics, Inc. | Controlling passive facet reflections |
WO2002077700A3 (en) * | 2001-03-22 | 2003-03-20 | Infinite Photonics Inc | Controlling passive facet reflections |
EP1402289A1 (en) * | 2001-05-17 | 2004-03-31 | Optronx, Inc. | Anisotropic etching of optical components |
EP1402564A2 (en) * | 2001-05-17 | 2004-03-31 | Optronx, Inc. | Integrated optical/electronic circuits and associated methods of simultaneous generation thereof |
EP1402564A4 (en) * | 2001-05-17 | 2005-06-29 | Optronx Inc | Integrated optical/electronic circuits and associated methods of simultaneous generation thereof |
EP1402289A4 (en) * | 2001-05-17 | 2005-12-07 | Optronx Inc | Anisotropic etching of optical components |
US7194016B2 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2007-03-20 | The Research Foundation Of The University Of Central Florida | Laser-to-fiber coupling |
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Legal Events
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8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |