DE19701483A1 - Raised structure production on sintered component(s) - Google Patents

Raised structure production on sintered component(s)

Info

Publication number
DE19701483A1
DE19701483A1 DE19701483A DE19701483A DE19701483A1 DE 19701483 A1 DE19701483 A1 DE 19701483A1 DE 19701483 A DE19701483 A DE 19701483A DE 19701483 A DE19701483 A DE 19701483A DE 19701483 A1 DE19701483 A1 DE 19701483A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
sintered
sintered component
conveyor
laser beam
laser
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE19701483A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Ulrich Baum
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Original Assignee
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ZF Friedrichshafen AG filed Critical ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Priority to DE19701483A priority Critical patent/DE19701483A1/en
Publication of DE19701483A1 publication Critical patent/DE19701483A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/08—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of toothed articles, e.g. gear wheels; of cam discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
    • B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/02—Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches
    • F16D23/025—Synchro rings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

Production of raised structures on sintered components, in particular, on synchronisation rings for transmission systems, involves: (a) using a feed unit (3) to continuously supply the added material to a spot (9) on the sintered component (1), requiring coating; (b) using a manipulator (4) to move the sintered component to produce the desired structure; (c) at the same time a laser beam (13) is directed onto the spot (9) to melt the supplied material.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Aufbringung erhabener Strukturen auf Sinterbauteilen, ins­ besondere auf Synchronringen für Getriebe.The present invention relates to a method for Application of raised structures on sintered components, ins especially on synchronizer rings for gears.

Die Bearbeitung von Werkstücken mittels Laserstrahlung ist vielfältig bekannt. So beschreibt die DE-A 44 07 190 ein Verfahren zum Vorbereiten der Fügebereiche beschichte­ ter Werkstücke zum Schweißen mit Laserstrahlung, insbeson­ dere verzinkter Bleche, bei dem im Bereich der Schweißnaht rändelungsartig angeordnete, einen Abstand zwischen benach­ barten Werkstückflächen schaffende Oberflächenstrukturen hergestellt werden. Die rändelungsartig angeordneten Ober­ flächenstrukturen werden dabei mit einer getakteten Hochen­ ergiestrahlung hergestellt, z. B. durch Verdampfen von Grundwerkstoff des Werkstücks, so daß dort Vertiefungen entstehen und zwar mit einer Vielzahl von Laserpulsen.The processing of workpieces using laser radiation is widely known. This is how DE-A 44 07 190 describes it a process for preparing the joining areas workpieces for welding with laser radiation, in particular galvanized sheet metal, in the area of the weld knurled arranged, a distance between neighboring beard surface structures creating workpiece surfaces getting produced. The knurled arrangement of waiters surface structures are created with a clocked high Ergie radiation produced, for. B. by evaporation of Base material of the workpiece, so that there are recesses arise with a variety of laser pulses.

Aus der DE-A 43 34 409 ist ein Verfahren zum Legieren eines Werkstückes unter Einsatz von Laserstrahlung bekannt, wobei als Legierungselement im wesentlichen Kohlenstoff verwendet wird. Dabei wird ein organisches, brennbares Gas oder Gasgemisch verbrannt, durch Anlagerung der bei der Verbrennung erzeugten Kohlenstoffpartikel die Legierungsbe­ schichtung auf der Werkstoffoberfläche gebildet, der Koh­ lenstoff zumindest teilweise in die vom Laserstrahl erzeug­ te Schmelze eingebracht und somit das Werkstück an den be­ schichteten und vom Laser bestrahlten Stellen legiert. Da­ bei ist noch eine Verbrennungsflamme für das Brenngas oder das Brenngasgemisch erforderlich, die mittels eines Bren­ ners auf die zu beschichtende Oberfläche gerichtet wird.DE-A 43 34 409 describes a method for alloying a workpiece using laser radiation, carbon as the alloying element is used. This creates an organic, flammable gas or gas mixture burned by the addition of the Burning carbon particles created the alloy Layering formed on the surface of the material, the Koh lenstoff at least partially in the generated by the laser beam te melt introduced and thus the workpiece on the be layered and laser-irradiated areas. There at is still a combustion flame for the fuel gas or  the fuel gas mixture required by means of a Bren ners is aimed at the surface to be coated.

Schließlich offenbart die DE-A 43 25 129 ein Verfahren zur wärmeübertragenden Befestigung von im vorbestimmten Abstand auf Rohre aufgebrachten Einzelrippen mit die Rohre auf mindestens einen Teil ihres Umfangs umgreifenden stüt­ zenartigen Rippenfüßen, wobei ein Laserschweißstrahl im wesentlichen senkrecht auf die Längsachsen der berippten Rohre ausgerichtet sowie auf die Spalte zwischen den Rip­ penfüßen und den Oberflächen der Rohre fokussiert oder tan­ gential auf die Spalte zwischen den Rippenfüßen und den Oberflächen der Rohre ausgerichtet wird, worauf der Laser­ schweißstrahl mindestens einmal in Längsrichtung relativ zu den Rohren geführt und die Rohre danach in einem Bad ver­ zinkt werden.Finally, DE-A 43 25 129 discloses a method for heat-transferring fastening in the predetermined Distance between individual ribs applied to pipes with the pipes covering at least part of its scope zen-like rib feet, with a laser welding beam in the essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the finned Pipes aligned as well as on the column between the rip feet and the surfaces of the tubes focused or tan potential on the gap between the rib feet and the The surfaces of the pipes are aligned, followed by the laser welding jet at least once in the longitudinal direction relative to guided the pipes and then ver the pipes in a bath be zinced.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, auf einfa­ che, billige und reproduzierbare Weise beliebige, erhabene Strukturen auf Sinterbauteilen, insbesondere auf Synchron­ ringen für Getriebe aufzubringen, die eine hohe Abriebfe­ stigkeit aufweisen und mit exakt vorgegebener Schichtdicke aufbringbar sind.The object of the present invention is to simplify che, cheap and reproducible way any sublime Structures on sintered components, especially on synchronous rings for gearboxes that have a high abrasion have stability and with a precisely specified layer thickness are applicable.

Ausgehend von einem Verfahren der eingangs näher ge­ nannten Art erfolgt die Lösung dieser Aufgabe mit dem im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen; vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.Based on a method of ge closer named kind the solution of this task with the in characterizing part of claim 1 specified features; advantageous embodiments are in the subclaims described.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bietet den Vorteil, schnell und genau und in reproduzierbarer Weise eine Reib­ schicht aus Hartstoffteilchen auf einem Synchronring aus Sintermaterial herzustellen, wobei die Struktur der Reib­ schicht beliebig geformt sein kann, so daß sie an eine Vielzahl von Einsatzzwecke anpaßbar ist.The method according to the invention offers the advantage a friction quickly and accurately and in a reproducible manner layer of hard material particles on a synchronizer ring  Manufacture sintered material, the structure of the friction Layer can be shaped arbitrarily, so that it is attached to a Variety of uses is customizable.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.In the following the invention with reference to the drawing explained in more detail.

Es zeigen:Show it:

Fig. 1 eine geeignete Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und Fig. 1 shows a suitable device for performing the method according to the invention and

Fig. 2 eine Teilansicht einer erfindungsgemäß her­ gestellten Struktur auf einem Synchronring. Fig. 2 is a partial view of a structure according to the invention made on a synchronizer ring.

Bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist mit 3 eine Fördereinrichtung bezeichnet, beispielsweise ein nach dem Prinzip der Scheibenförderung arbeitender, bekannter Pulverförderer mit Vorratsgefäßen 5 für das aufzubringende Material, z. B. Hartstoffteilchen, wie Molybdän oder dgl. Mit 6 ist eine Steuereinheit be­ zeichnet, welche die Hartstoffteilchen über eine Zufuhrlei­ tung 7 einem mit 8 bezeichneten Zyklonabscheider zuführt, der Teil der Fördereinrichtung ist.In the exemplary embodiment of a device for carrying out the method according to the invention shown in FIG. 1, 3 denotes a conveying device, for example a known powder conveyor with storage vessels 5 for the material to be applied, for example a working on the principle of disk conveying. B. hard material particles, such as molybdenum or the like. With 6 is a control unit be characterized, which supplies the hard material particles via a feed line 7 to a cyclone separator 8, which is part of the conveyor.

Das zu beschichtende Sinterbauteil ist hierbei ein Synchronring 1, auf dessen Oberfläche eine Reibschicht vor­ gegebener Struktur erzeugt wird. Der Synchronring 1 wird von einem Manipulator 4 getragen und zwar derart, daß er sowohl verdreht als auch verschoben werden kann, wie es durch den Pfeil f in Fig. 1 angedeutet ist. The sintered component to be coated is a synchronizer ring 1 , on the surface of which a friction layer is generated in front of a given structure. The synchronizer ring 1 is carried by a manipulator 4 in such a way that it can be both rotated and shifted, as indicated by the arrow f in FIG. 1.

Mit 2 ist ein an und für sich bekannter Laser, insbe­ sondere ein Dauerstrichlaser bezeichnet, wobei der von ihm ausgesandte Laserstrahl 13 durch eine geeignete Spiegelop­ tik 10 umgelenkt wird und durch eine Fokussiereinheit 12 auf die Oberfläche des Synchronringes 1 gelenkt wird und zwar auf die gleiche Stelle, auf der das von der Förderein­ richtung zum Synchronring 1 beförderte Material auftrifft. Die hochenergetische, vom Laser 2 ausgehende Laserstrah­ lung, schmilzt dabei das auf zubringende Material auf dieser Stelle auf die Oberfläche des Sinterbauteils 1 auf. 2 is a to and known for themselves laser, in particular sondere a continuous wave laser designated, wherein the radiation emitted by him laser beam 13 by a suitable Spiegelop tik 10 is deflected and is directed through a focusing unit 12 to the surface of the synchronizing ring 1 and namely in the same Location where the material conveyed by the conveying device to the synchronizer ring 1 strikes. The high-energy laser beam emanating from the laser 2 melts the material to be applied to the surface of the sintered component 1 at this point.

Durch Verdrehung und gleichzeitige Verschiebung des Sinterbauteils, d. h. des Synchronringes 1 durch den ihn tragenden Manipulator 4 können nun beliebige, erhabene Strukturen auf seiner Oberfläche erzeugt werden.By twisting and simultaneously displacing the sintered component, ie the synchronizer ring 1 by the manipulator 4 carrying it, any desired raised structures can now be produced on its surface.

Fig. 2 zeigt als Beispiel einer derartigen Struktur eine gewindeartig ausgebildete, erhabene Struktur 11, die durch das aufgeschmolzene, zugeführte Material aus Hart­ stoffteilchen auf der sonst ebenen Oberfläche des Synchron­ ringes 1 hergestellt wurde. Anstelle eines Gewindes können selbstverständlich auch andere beliebige Strukturen, wie Stege, Bögen, konzentrische Kreise etc. ausgebildet werden. Fig. 2 shows an example of such a structure, a thread-like, raised structure 11 , which was made by the melted, supplied material made of hard material particles on the otherwise flat surface of the synchronizer ring 1 . Instead of a thread, of course, any other structures, such as webs, arches, concentric circles, etc. can be formed.

Die derart hergestellte Struktur 1/11 aus Hartstoff­ teilchen, z. B. aus Molybdän und dgl. eignet sich vorzüg­ lich als Reibschicht für Synchronringe von Getrieben, wobei das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung einer derar­ tigen Reibschicht schnell, kostengünstig und reproduzierbar ist.The structure 1/11 thus prepared particles of hard material, for example. B. made of molybdenum and the like. Is particularly suitable as a friction layer for synchronizer rings of gears, the inventive method for producing such a friction layer is fast, inexpensive and reproducible.

Claims (3)

1. Verfahren zur Aufbringung erhabener Strukturen auf Sinterbauteilen, insbesondere auf Synchronringen für Ge­ triebe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit­ tels einer Fördereinrichtung (3) das aufzubringende Materi­ al kontinuierlich auf die zu beschichtende Stelle (9) des Sinterbauteils (1) befördert wird, daß das Sinterbau­ teil (1) dabei mittels eines Manipulators (4) derart bewegt wird, daß die gewünschte Struktur (11) entsteht und daß zugleich ein Laserstrahl (13) auf die Stelle (9) gerichtet wird, auf der das Material auf dem Sinterbauteil (1) auf­ trifft und dabei das Material aufschmilzt.1. A method for applying raised structures on sintered components, in particular on synchronizer rings for Ge gearboxes, characterized in that with a conveyor ( 3 ) the material to be applied is conveyed continuously to the area to be coated ( 9 ) of the sintered component ( 1 ) that the sintered part ( 1 ) is moved by means of a manipulator ( 4 ) in such a way that the desired structure ( 11 ) is created and that at the same time a laser beam ( 13 ) is directed to the point ( 9 ) on which the material on the sintered part ( 1 ) hits and melts the material. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß als Fördereinrichtung (3) ein Pul­ verförderer zusammen mit einem Zyklonabscheider verwendet wird und daß als aufzubringendes Material pulverförmige Hartstoffteilchen verwendet werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a pul conveyor is used together with a cyclone separator as the conveyor ( 3 ) and that powdered hard material particles are used as the material to be applied. 3. Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch ge­ kennzeichnet, daß der Laserstrahl (13) von einem Dauerstrichlaser (2) erzeugt wird.3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the laser beam ( 13 ) is generated by a continuous wave laser ( 2 ).
DE19701483A 1997-01-17 1997-01-17 Raised structure production on sintered component(s) Ceased DE19701483A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19701483A DE19701483A1 (en) 1997-01-17 1997-01-17 Raised structure production on sintered component(s)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19701483A DE19701483A1 (en) 1997-01-17 1997-01-17 Raised structure production on sintered component(s)

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DE19701483A1 true DE19701483A1 (en) 1998-07-23

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10258934A1 (en) * 2002-12-13 2004-07-22 Laserinstitut Mittelsachsen E.V. Selectively joining bodies to bearers with laser beams involves subjecting body/bodies on bearer to high intensity pulsed laser beams in vacuum or protective gas up to lower than melting temperature
DE102013225261A1 (en) * 2013-12-09 2015-06-11 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for powder buildup welding

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2263777A1 (en) * 1971-12-28 1973-07-05 Ciraud Leone Isaure Marie METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING ANY ARTICLES FROM ANY MELTABLE MATERIAL
DE2636131A1 (en) * 1975-10-06 1977-04-14 Caterpillar Tractor Co POWDER METAL ITEM WITH AN ABRASION-RESISTANT SURFACE
DE3011022C2 (en) * 1979-03-30 1982-04-22 Rolls-Royce Ltd., London Method for applying a metallic coating to a metal surface and apparatus for its implementation
DE3629474A1 (en) * 1986-08-29 1988-03-03 Licentia Gmbh Method of providing raised structures and delay-line support for a travelling-wave tube fabricated by said method
DE3935009A1 (en) * 1989-10-20 1991-04-25 Inst Nat Sciences Appliq DEVICE FOR THE LASER PLASMA COATING
DE4130207A1 (en) * 1991-09-11 1993-03-25 Ind Tech Res Inst Metal coating the helical screw of an injection moulding or extrusion device - with a carbon di:oxide laser as heating source and controlled parameters for the powdered metal feed and movement of screw past the laser unit
US5224997A (en) * 1990-06-13 1993-07-06 Sulzer Brothers Limited Apparatus for producing a surface layer on a metallic workpiece

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2263777A1 (en) * 1971-12-28 1973-07-05 Ciraud Leone Isaure Marie METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING ANY ARTICLES FROM ANY MELTABLE MATERIAL
DE2636131A1 (en) * 1975-10-06 1977-04-14 Caterpillar Tractor Co POWDER METAL ITEM WITH AN ABRASION-RESISTANT SURFACE
DE3011022C2 (en) * 1979-03-30 1982-04-22 Rolls-Royce Ltd., London Method for applying a metallic coating to a metal surface and apparatus for its implementation
DE3629474A1 (en) * 1986-08-29 1988-03-03 Licentia Gmbh Method of providing raised structures and delay-line support for a travelling-wave tube fabricated by said method
DE3935009A1 (en) * 1989-10-20 1991-04-25 Inst Nat Sciences Appliq DEVICE FOR THE LASER PLASMA COATING
US5224997A (en) * 1990-06-13 1993-07-06 Sulzer Brothers Limited Apparatus for producing a surface layer on a metallic workpiece
DE4130207A1 (en) * 1991-09-11 1993-03-25 Ind Tech Res Inst Metal coating the helical screw of an injection moulding or extrusion device - with a carbon di:oxide laser as heating source and controlled parameters for the powdered metal feed and movement of screw past the laser unit

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
WOLF,Stephen, u.a.: Verschleißschutzschichten mit dem Laserstrahl hergestellt. In: VDI-Z 136, 1994, Nr. 7/8, Juli/August, S.82-84 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10258934A1 (en) * 2002-12-13 2004-07-22 Laserinstitut Mittelsachsen E.V. Selectively joining bodies to bearers with laser beams involves subjecting body/bodies on bearer to high intensity pulsed laser beams in vacuum or protective gas up to lower than melting temperature
DE10258934B4 (en) * 2002-12-13 2005-11-03 Laserinstitut Mittelsachsen E.V. Process for producing a shaped body and use of an ultrashort pulse laser for producing a shaped body
DE102013225261A1 (en) * 2013-12-09 2015-06-11 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for powder buildup welding

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