DE2048006A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstel lung eines vliesahnhchen Flachenstuckes - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstel lung eines vliesahnhchen Flachenstuckes

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DE2048006A1
DE2048006A1 DE19702048006 DE2048006A DE2048006A1 DE 2048006 A1 DE2048006 A1 DE 2048006A1 DE 19702048006 DE19702048006 DE 19702048006 DE 2048006 A DE2048006 A DE 2048006A DE 2048006 A1 DE2048006 A1 DE 2048006A1
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curtain
air
monofilaments
monofilament
passage
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DE2048006B2 (de
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Mutsuo Nobeoka Miyazaki Nishimura Sadaji Goto Masato Fuji. Shizuoka Matsuki, (Japan)
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Asahi Kasei Corp
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Asahi Kasei Kogyo KK
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/03Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random

Description

PATENTANWALT DIPL-INQ. JOACHIM STRASSE HANAU · KÖMERSTR. 1» ■ POSTFACH 7M · TELioeos · TELEQRAMMEt HANAUPATENT · TELEX: 4WITIt pat
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ASAHI KASEI KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA 2$). September 197ο Osaka, Japan Str/i\Le - Io 525
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines vliesähnlichen Flächenstückes
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren für die Herstellung eines vliesehnlichen FlächenstUckes mit einer nicht verwebten faserigen Struktur aus einer großen Anzahl von schmelzgesponnenen Monofilen und eine Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens.
Es ist schon bekannt, nicht verwebtes vliesähnliches faseriges Flächenmaterial au· einer Anzahl von schmelzgesponnenen Monofilen durch die Anwendung eines unter Druck stehenden gasförmigen Mediums in einer Saugeinrichtung auf einem «ich ständig bewegenden endlosen Band oder Drahtgewebeförderer als einem langgestreckten Sammler herzustellen, Eine wesentliche Schwierigkeit, die sich bei der praktischen Verwirklichung dee Prozesse« einstellt, liegt darin, clnH die Mcmotile eich mitoinander
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verschlingen, wenn ale aus dem Auslaß der 8augSl^i||t||Mng mit hoher Geschwindigkeit austreten, um auf den wand#l»ittd#i|iSammler aufgenommen zu werden. Um diesen üblichen Nachteil fttticuschließen, ist schon vorgeschlagen worden, eine Gruppe aus einer großen Zahl von Monofilen in einer gewissen späteren Stufe abzutrennen und vollständig gesondert durch die Anwendung starker RUckStellkräfte zu behandeln, die durch eine hohe statische Spannung auf die Monofile-Gruppe einwirken. Derartige frühere Vorschlüge führen jedoch, wenn sie angewandt werden, zu einer höchst komplizierten Anordnung, die für die Herstellung notig ist. Zusätzlich tritt für das an der Anordnung beschäftigte Personal eine erhöhte Gefahr auf. Gemail praktischen Versuchen hat sich jedoch herausgestellt, daß n.it der Anwendung einer Düse mit einem ringförmigen Querschnitt eine gre fic und praktisch kreisförmige Verteilung von Monofilen mit einer örtlich verschiedenen Dichte erhalten werden kann· Venn eine Düse mit rechteckigem Querschnitt angewandt wird, entsteht eine langgestreckte elliptische Feeerverteilung, die längs der großen Achse des Ellipsen-Querschnitts eine unebene Dichtenverteilung aufweist. Selbst unter besten Bedingungen ist es unmöglich, ein kontinuierliches Band oder Fläcbenmaterial mit nicht verwebter Struktur herzustellen, die eine bestimmte und genau vorhergegebene Breite und Dichte'aufweist*
Die Fachleute gehen davon aus, daß soweit als irgend möglich in dem strömenden Gas laminare Zustund« während des Durchgang« durch «ine Saugdüse aufrecht erhalten werden müssen, um die . Ausbildung von Verschlingungen der hindurchtretenden Monoflie zu vermeiden, t^nd fall« dieaer Instand nient erreichter ist, wird zus&tzlicli eine Hochepannungsaufla.dunJ benutzt, um die
Pasern su trennen. [ %
Wenn ein solcher laminarer Fluß eines gasförmig einströmenden Mediums angewendet wird, ist es deutlich, daß praktisch keine Strerlcfunktlon auf die estrudlerten Wonofile ausgeübt werden ,
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kann. Entsprechend einen früheren Vorschlag wird deshalb Hochtemperatur und Dampf unter hohem Druck nahe der Bxtrusionsspinndüsen auf die extrudiortan Monofile aufgebracht, u« die Faaerauszugsgeschwindigkeit zu erhöhen und uvb das erwünschte Strecken zu ermöglichen. Diese Dampfanwendung findet rings um die Spinndüsen statt. Venn jedoch Hochteiuperaturen, hoher Druck und ein Dampfstrom mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auf die gerade extrudierten Monofile angewandt werden(traten häufig Fadenbrüche auf, und aus die sein Grunde kann der frühere Vorschlag in der praktischen' Herstellung nicht angewandt werden. Zusätzlich wird davon ausgegangen, daß die Anwendung von hohen Temperaturen und Dampfetromaη mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auf die extrudierten Monofile die Kühlung und Verfestigung des extrudierten Materials verzögert, was gleichfalls zu unbefriedigenden Resultaten führt. Die Anwendung von hohen Temperaturen und L ;pf unter hohem Druck vergrößert die Investition»- und Betriebskosten.
Schließlich > ß bei allen entsprechenden Vorschlägen berücksichtigt werden, dal· die Qualität des herzustellenden nicht verwebten FaserprodukorK nicht seilleiter «ein darr als es durch bekannte andere Techniken hergestellt werden kann. So ,, r.j beispielsweise ein Verbesserungsvorschiag davon βαβ, vb£*chi.edene Stufen von Düsen in einer Saugvorrichtung sq anzuordnen, daß immer nahezu eine lauiinaru Strömung aufrechterhalten werden kann; Jedoch zeigten praktische Versuche, daß die Anwendung oilier.vieletufigen Düsensauganordnung die Iionofile eher miteinander verschlingt, und zwar gerade wahrend des Durchganges durch dl« Saugvorrichtung· Zusätzlich entstehen durch die komplizierte Anordnung in der Saugvorrichtung erhöhte Kosten.
Soll ein· Hochgeachwindigkeits-Herstellung angestrebt werden, so daß 4er Austritt aus einer Saugdüse aiii hoher Geschwindigkeit erfolgt, ergeben sich Schwierigkeiten dadurch, daß ein 1 gasförmige s Modium, das durch dieselbe Düaenvorr.; chtung fließt, nur unbestimmt auf einzelne Fasern mit verschiedenartiger Wir-Ttung einwirkt, so daß 3ich ein äußeret ungleichmäßigeβ Ergebnis
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einstellt und die Fasern dazu neigen, eich miteinender zu verwirren. Dies iet ein Grund, weshalb die bekannte Technik und frühere Vorschläge immer wieder auf Schwierigkeiten gestoßen sind, wenn die Herstellgeschwindigkeit erhöht werden sollte.
Demgegenüber ist.es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines kontinuierlichen faserigen Bandes oder Flächenmaterials eq schaffen, wobei das Material eine vliesähnliche nicht verwebte Struktur aufweist und eine möglichst breite Herstellbahn zu erzielen ist. Es soll eine Herstellbreite von 2,oo und möglichst mehr Metern erreicht werden. In einem Vorgang sollen möglichst viele einzelne Monofile verarbeitet werden, die in üblicher und einfacher Weise aus einer Spinndüse tchmelzgetponnen werden.
Das Wesentliche der Erfindung liegt darin, daß eine große Anzahl von Monofilen aus einer entsprechenden Anzahl von Extrusionsöffnungen schraelzgesponnen werden, und zwar befinden sich diese Extrusionsöffnungen in einem langgestreckten Rechteck, deewan Länge praktisch der Breite des herzustellenden fase· rigen Bandes oder Flächenmaterials entspricht. Die Extrusion erfolgt in eine offene Atmosphäre mit normaler Luft. Dann erfolgt die Einführung in eine einzige Düsenstufe mit einer Saugvorrichtung mit einem schmalen Schlitz, der sich vertikal über die ganze Vorrichtung erstreckt, und diese Vorrichtung befindet eich in einem bestimmten Abstand unterhalb der Extrusionsöf fnungen. Der Abstand wird so gewählt, daß auf den Weg durch die freie Atmosphäre zumindest die Oberfläche der extrudierten Monofile sich verfestigt hat. Die Monofile werden in die Saugeinrichtung in Form eines Vorhange· eingeführt, Und innerhalb der Saugvorrichtung wird dieser Vorhang von beiden Seiten paarweise von einem Luftstrom mit so hoher Geschwindigkeit behandelt, daß eioh der Luftstrom innerhalb des Durchlasses zur Behandlung der vorhangähnlich angeordneten Monofile in Turbulenz befindet, wodurch eine Kaitreckung und eine Erhöhung der Durchtrittsgeschwindigkeit eintritt. Zusammen mit
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der Luft tritt das Material aus der Einrichtung aus und gelangt auf einen sich ständig bewegenden Sammler, der gasdurchlässig ist.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird nur ein gasförmiges Medium angewandt, und dasselbe Medium innerhalb des ganzen Verfahrens zur Behandlung der vorhangförtnig angeordneten Monofile innerhalb der Saugvorrichtung trifft auch nur auf einen einzigen Vorhang auf. Eine mehrfache Anwendung würde nur zu einer Verschlingung der Fasern führen»
Dor Luftstrom, der auf den Vorhang aus Monofilen in dem schlitzförmigen Durchgang innerhalb der Saugeinrichtung einwirkt, muß eine bestimmte Qeschwindigkeitskomponente in Bewegungsrichtung der Fasern haben, während eine seitliche Geschwindigkeitskomponente erheblich kleiner zu sein hat· Zusätzlich muß die Luftstronigeschwindigkeit größer sein als die der kontinuierlich schmelzgesponnenen Monofile, um vorzugsweise eine molekulare Orientierung der Fasern zu erzielen und gleichzeitig für eine beschleunigte Abwärtsbewegung in der DUseneinheit zu «organ, wodurch der entsprechende Herstellwirkungsgrad erheblich verbessert wird.
Herkömralicherweise war es notwendig, darauf zu achten, daß die abwärts gerichtete Strömung möglichst laminar ist, um Nachteile zu vermeiden. Die vorliegende Erfindung basiert auf einer neuen technischen Idee, derzufolge die Düsenströme ohne Nachteil auf vorhangähnlich angeordnete Monofile lediglich Innerhalb einer Saugvorrichtung sogar mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit angewandt werden« ohne daß zu befürchten ist, daß Verwicklungen in den fibrigen Produkt auftreten.
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung der Zeichnung.
£s zeigen:
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Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrene zum Herstellen von Vliesbändern oder Flächenstücken nicht gewebter Natur gemäß der neuen Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung,
Fig. 2 eine gegenüber Fig. 1 abgewandelte Ausführungeform in ähnlicher Darstellung, jedoch ausschließlich auf die wesentlichen Teile der Vorrichtung bezogen,
Fijr. 3 eine vergrößerte Aneicht einer Saugeinrichtung, wie sie in der zuvor erwähnten Vorrichtung benutzt wird, jedoch unter Weglassung von Teilen der Vorrichtung, um die Darstellung zu vereinfachen,
Fig. k eine Seitenansicht der Saugeinrichtung gemäß Fig· 3, teilweise im Schnitt,
Fig. 5 eine Stirnansicht auf die Saugeinrichtung gemäß Fig. 3 und k mit einer Darstellung von Teilen im Schnitt und
Fig. 6 einen vergrößerten axialen Schnitt einer Lu ft injektionsdüse zum Einführen von Luft in die Saugeinrichtung·
Die in der Zeichnung dargestellte Vorrichtung stellt ein· bevorzugte Aueführungafonn zur Durchführung des orfindungege« mäßen Verfahrens dar. Eine Spinndüse· Io weist in einem langgestreckten Rechteck eine groß· Anzahl von Extrusionsöffnungen Il «nf. Die Länge des Rechtecke ist so ausgewählt, daß prak- j tisch die gesamte Breite einea nicht gewebton faserigen FlM- j chenstUckes 12 mit vliesähnlicher Struktur, welches genlQ i nachfolgender Beschreibung herzustellen ist, abgedeckt wird,
Unter der Spinndüse Io und im nennenswerten Abstand L befindet sich eine Saugeinheit 13 mit einem engen und längliehen Schlitzt l'i, der sich - wie aus Fig. 5 hervorgeht - vollständig über den Sauger erstreckt.
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Wenn beispielsweise die wirksame Länge der Schlitz« Ik zwei Meter erreicht, ist es empfehlenswert, die Extruaionaöffnungen in fünf parallelen Reihen mit einem gegenseitigen Abstand von beispielsweise k mm anzuordnen, wodurch sich im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel insgesamt 25oo Öffnungen 11 ergeben«
Wenn es erforderlich ist, Monofile zu benutzen, beispielsweise mit o,3 bis 2o denier pro Faser, beträgt der Abstand L ungefähr 5o bis 2oo cm.
Aus den Extrusionsöffnungen 11 wird ein verschmolzenes Hochpolymer, das beispieslweise aus Nylon 6 oder Nylon 66, Polyä"thylen-Terephthalat besteht, in der entsprechenden Anzahl von kontinuierlichen Monofilen 15 ausgezogen. Innerhalb des Bereiche des Abstandes L bewegen sich die ausgezogenen Fasern in einer offenen Luf tatniosphäre, die vorzugsweise auf Raumtemperatur gehalten wird. Unter bestimmten Umständen kann es erforderlich sein, die Zone, in der sich die einzelnen Fasern frei bewegen, abzudecken, um die Umgebungsatmosphnre vor erhöhten Temperaturen zu schützen oder um eine gekühlte Umgebung zu schaffen. Unter bestimmten Betriebsbedingungen können die ausgezogenen Fasern durch eingeführte Luftströme gekühlt werden. In jedem Fall dient die Zone L zum Abkühlen der ausgezogenen und sich nach unten bewegenden Monofile 15· Die ausgezogenen Monofile 15 werden in die schlitzähnliche Durchgangsöffnung Ik in Form eines Vorhanges eingeführt. Es ist empfehlenswert, achmale freie Endbereiche l4a und l4b an den beiden Außenseiten der Schlitzöffnung Ik vorzusehen, um einen Kanteneffekt zu vermeiden, und dafür beträgt die Länge des freien Bereiches vorzugsweise bis 2o mm. Die Länge L wird so ausgewählt, daß die ausgezogenen unendlichen Monofile 15 sich zumindest mn ihrer Oberfläche verfestigen können und ihre Temperatur bis auf den Verfestigungspunkt dea Fasermaterials absenken können. Weiterhin wird vorzugsweise vorgesehen, daß sich die Monofile während des Durchganges durch die Kühl- und Streckzone L um das Zwei- bis Dreifachs kaltrecken können.
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PATENTANWALT DIPL-INQ. JOACHIM STRASSE. HANAU " ^* ~
Der durch die Annäherung der Monofile an die Form eines Vorhangs unmittelbar vor dem Lintritt in die Schlitzöffnung 14 (vgl. rig. I) sich ergebende eingeschlossene Winkel "alpha" sollte vorzugsweise unter 15° gewählt werden. Die Schlitzöffnung 14 muß eine Länge haben» die die Breite des Vliesbandes oder Flächenstückes 12, im vorliegenden Fall 2,00 m, überdeckt, während die Breite des Schlitzes in diesem Fall vorzugsweise 1 bis 5 mm beträgt, obwohl dieser Betrag mit Rücksicht auf die Stärke der Einzelfasern der Monofile-und auf die Dichte des vliesähnlichen Produktes 12 variabel ist.
Die Spinngeschwindigkeit der eingefaßten, gesponnenen Ilonofile 15 wird im allgemeinen mit 3000 bis 6000 Meter pro Minute festgelegt.
Eine gegenüber der Darstellung von Fig. 1 abgewandelte Anordnung wird teilweise in Fig. 2 dargestellt. In dieser abgewandelten Ausfuhrungsform sind die Extrusionsöffnungen 11 in kleinen runden oder elliptischen Gruppen A, B ... J angeordnet, wobei diese Gruppen zick-zack-förmig in zwei Reihen seitlich zueinander und quer zum durchlässigen Förderband 16 angeordnet sind. Der eingeschlossene Winkel "alpha" der ausgezogenen Monofile 15 kann dem zuvor angegebenen Betrag entsprechen. Auch der übrige Aufbau entspricht der voraufgegangenen Beschreibung.
Im folgenden wird wiederum auf Fig. 1 Bezug genommen. Wenn die Länge der Luftzone L unter den vorstehend genannten Werten bleibt, kommen die ausgezogenen Monofile 15 vor ihrer Verfestigung mit den Materialteilen des Saugers 13 in Berührung, es entstehen Faserbrüche oder andere Schäden. Wird andererseits der Abstand L zu lang gewählt, ergeben sich andere Produktionsschwierigkeiten, und die Kosten steigen an. Aus diesem Grunde ist es notwendig, den Abstand L entsprechend den vorstehenden Angaben genau auszuwählen, um zumindest die Oberfläche der Fasern 15 aushärten zu lassen.
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PATENTANWALT DlPL-INQ. JOACHIM STRASSE, HANAV/
Um die Oberflächenverfestigung der ausgezogenen und luftgetrockneten Monofile 15 zu bestimmen, ist es lediglich notwendig, die Oberflächenerscheinungsform der Fasern zu beobachten. Wenn die Fasern noch nicht oberflächenverfestigt sind, erscheinen diese Fasern nahezu transparent, während die Oberfläche relativ stumpf erscheint, wenn die notwendige Verfestigung erreicht worden ist.
Im folgenden werden der Aufbau und die Funktion der Saugeinrichtung 13 unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren 3 bis 6 näher beschrieben.
Luftdruckleitungen 20 und 21 sind mit einer Druckluftquelle, die nicht dargestellt ist, verbunden. Von diesen Luftleitungen 20 und 21 erstrecken sich eine Anzahl von parallelen Abzweigungen 20a und 21a. Diese Abzweigungen sind mit den entsprechenden Verteilungskammern innerhalb der Einheit 13 verbunden, um auf diese Ueise innerhalb des Saugers an beide Seiten des schlitzähnlichen Durchgangs 14 Luft heranzuführen. Es ist empfehlenswert, den Luftdruck, so wie er in Ilauptluftdruckverteilungskamraern 22 vorherrscht, auf 3 bis 5 kp/cm zu halten. Die Hauptluftkammern 22 sind pneumatisch über eine Anzahl von axial angeordneten Verbindungswegen 23, die axial sich durch den Saugkopf zu gesonderten Verteilungskammern 24a und 24b erstrecken, mit einer Düseneinheit 25 verbunden. Wie aus Fig. 5 % hervorgeht, befindet sich die Düseneinheit 25, deren Detailaufbau sich aus Fig. 6 ergibt, in der Mitte des Schlitzdurchganges 14. Die Luftverteilungskammern 24a und 24b weisen eine Länge auf, die die gesamte Länge des Schlitzdurchganges 14 abdeckt. Der Querschnittsbereich dieser Kammern 24a und 24b ist langgestreckt rechtwinklig. Unter Bezugnahme auf die Fig. wird die Düseneinheit 25 nachstehend näher beschrieben.
Die Düseneinheit 25 weist einen Steckteil 26 und einen Aufnahmeteil 27 auf, die axial im Lchlitzdurchgang 14 angeordnet sind und die eich gegenseitig überlappen. Der Steckteil 26 ist mit
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PATENTANWALT DIPL-INQ. JOACHIM STRASSE, HANAU - -Hi -
einem vertikal und zentral angeordneten Schlitzdurchgang 28 in oberen Teil des Schlitzdurchganges 14 des Saugkopfes 13 versehen. Öle Breite des Schlitzdurchganges 23 ist in derselben Größe wie die des Hauptschlitzdurchganges 14 ausgewählt, wobei der erste praktisch eine Verlängerung des anderen darstellt. Der durch den Durchgang 28 hindurchgehende Teil des Vorhangs aus Monofilen hat dieselbe Bezugezahl 15 mit einem angehängten "aM (15a),
Wie sich aus Fig. 6 ergibt, befinden sich an beiden Seiten des unteren Endes des Steckteils 26 paarweise ausgeformte Düsen-Öffnungen 100 und 101, 'jeweils mit einer beträchtlichen Länge senkrecht zur Zeichnungsebene. Diese horizontale oder Querlänge 1 des Schlitzdurchganges 14 ergibt sich aus den Figuren 1, 2 und 3 in horizontaler Richtung. Die Einlaßbreite χ jeder dieser Düsenöffnungen beträgt beispielsweise 0,6 mm und die Auslaßbreite y bis zu 0,1 mm, während die Höhe h parallel zur vertikalen Mittelachse des Saugkopf es 13, zusammenfallend mit <iem durchgeführten Faserteil 15a, im vorliegenden Beispiel bis zu 4 mm beträgt. Der Neigungswinkel "beta" jeder der von den* Aufnahmeteil 27 gebildeten abgeschrägten EinlaBwände 100* und 100b beträgt bis zu 30°. Das unter« Ende 26a des Steckteils 26 steht unter der starken Einwirkung, daß die GröBe des Schlitzdurchganges für den Faserabschnitt 15a verkleinert wird, und zwar unter der Wirkung der Druckluft, die aus den Kammern · 24a und 24b einströmt und von beiden Seiten auf das untere j Endteil des Steckteils einwirkt. Am Auslaß für den Durchfang j für die Faser 15a, und zwar horizontal hiergegen gesehen# ; könnte der öffnungsbereich einer Biegewirkung unterworfen sein, j die zu einer Querschnittsverringerung führt, wenn die Lange j des Saugeinlasses oder die Breite des nicht verwebten faseri- j gen Flächenstücks 12 bis zu 2.00 m oder mehr beträgt, wie im Beispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung. Diese Tendenz hat selbstverständlich eine entsprechende Vergrößerung der Düsenauslaß-Öffnung "y" zur Folge, welche jedoch über die Breit· des Schlitzdurchganges 14 oder 28 verschieden 1st. Wenn ein derar-
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tigee Phänomen in erheblichem Ausmaß auftritt, ergibt sich, daß die Diisenwirkung, die auf die hindiirchf ließenden Monofile auegeübt wird, variabel und ungleich über die Breite des Vorhanges ist, was zu einer Verschlingung oder Verfilzung der vorhangähnlichen Anordnung der Monofile führt, und zwar in einer beachtlichen Variation in dor Dichte des nichtverwebten faserigen Flächenstiicks 12. Deshalb muß das untere Ende des Steckteile eine erhebliche Festigkeit über die gesamte horizontale Länge des Schlitzdurchganges 28 aufweisen. Für diesen Zweck wird die Dicke t (vgl. Fig. 6) in dem vorliegenden bevorzugten AusfUhrungsbeispiel zumindest mit 2 mm ausgewählt, wenn* der Steckteil 26 aus gewöhnlichem Stahl besteht. Mit einer Verkleinerung der horizontalen Lunge des Schlitzdurchganges Ik oder 28 kann die Dimension der Dicke t entsprechend verkleinert werden und umgekehrt. Aus diesem Grunde kann bei der Auslegung auf den Vergleich zu einem einfachen Balken mit einer Länge zurückgegriffen werden, die der horizontalen Länge 1 des Schlitzdurchganges 28 entspricht und der mit einer gleichmäßig über die ganze Länge vorteilten Last belastet ist-, um die maximale Durchbiegung zu berechnen, die unter diesen Bedingungen auftritt.
Die in die Atmosphäre durch Extrusion aus den Spinndüsen Io schraelzgesponnenen Monofile 15 werden in die' Form eines Vorhangs gebracht, sobald zumindest die Oberflächen der Fasern verfestigt sind. Dann wird der Vorhang durch den Schlitzdurchgang 28 des Steckteils 26 nach unten geführt. Der Faservorhang 15a wird dann an der Düseneinheit 25 Luftströmen unterworfen, die paarweise auftreten und von beiden Seiten auf den Vorhang aus den DUeenauslässen looa und loob einwirken. Auf diese Weise erfolgt der Durchgang durch den Saugkopf 13. Jeder dieser Düsenströme hat die Form einer Platte, wenn das Ganze allgemein von außen betrachtet wird. Durch den Einfluß dieser Düsenetröme wird die umgebende Atmosphäre von außen an den Saugkopf angezogen und durch die Schlitzöffnung Ik und die Schiitsöffnung 28 in den im Querschnitt dreieckigen Raum unterhalb der Düsen lol und Io2 angesaugt und bildet von dort aus
10981S/20A9 - 12 -
einen zusammengefaßten nach unten gerichteten Strom mit den Düsenströmen, die aua den Düsenauslässen looa und loob ausströmen.
Die Strömgeschwindigkeit dieser Düsenströme aus den Auslassen looa und loob wird über die Kammern 24a und 24b so gewählt, daß sie im Dereich turbulenter Strömung vorzugsweise in der Nähe des Überschallbereiches liegen, was im. scharfen Gegensatz zum einschlägigen Stand der Technik steht. Es hat sich überraschenderweise herausgestellt, daß mit derartig hohen Düsenströmen der Faservorhang als solcher erhalten bleibt* Der Grund ist offensichtlich darin zu sehen, daß bei einer solchen Anordnung von Monofilen innerhalb eines dichten vorhangähnlichen Gebildes oine Polstorwirkung auftritt, welche die Ausbildung von Faserverfilzungen verhindert. Der Düsonstrotn weist eine erhebliche nach unten gerichtete Geschwindigkeitskomponente auf, wodurch die vorhangähnlich angeordneten Fasern einer großen abwärts gerichteten Beschleunigung ausgesetzt sind. Aus diesem Grunde haben die Injektionsdüsen loo und lol einen Neigungswinkel zwischen 15 bis Jo °.
Durch die Anwendung des Düsenetroms von beiden Seiten auf den Faservorhang ergibt eich für die ausgezogenen und von den Spinndüsen nach unten in den Saugkopf unter hoher Geschwindigkeit eingeführten Fasern eine beträchtliche Kaltatreckung oberhalb der Düseneinrichtung. Der Faservorhang wird schließlich durch einen Schlitzdurchgang 31 geführt, der vertikal in dem Aufnahneteil 27 ausgebildet ist. Im unteren Teil schließt sich am Durchgang 14 am Saugkopf 13 eine herabragende Einheit Io2 an, in welche sich der Durchgang 14 hinein öffnet und entlädt· Der «omit herausgeführte Faservorhang wird über einen bestimmten Abstand M (Fig. 1) mit offener LuftntmosphKre geführt und auf einem laufenden begasten Sammler 16 abgelegt, der in Form eine* endlosen Bandes vorhanden ist.
- 13 -
109815/2049
Die Fließgeschwindigkeit des zusammengesetzten abwärts gerichteten Stroms aus der Düseneinheit 25 ist vorzugsweise um das zwei- bis dreifache größer zu wählen als die Spinngeschwindigkeit, das wären im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel 6ooo bis 13 ooo Meter pro Minute. Diese Luftströmgeschwindigkeit im unteren Teil des Schlitzdurchganges für den Faservorgang liegt weit im turbulenten Strömungebereich, aber entsprechend der praktischen Erfahrung führt die Anwendung derartig hoher Luftgeschwindigkeiten vorzugsweise dazu, daß Faserverschlingungen vermieden werden. Dies steht im Gegensatz zu der bisher üblichen Auffassung gemäß des einschlägigen Standes der Technik. Die zusammengeführten und zusammengefaßten Monofile bilden ein Λ endloses nicht verwebtes faseriges Band oder Flächenstück auf dem durchlässigen Sammler 16. Dieses Flächenstück weist praktisch keine Faserverschlingung auf und stellt eine praktisch gleichmäßige Dichte der Fasern dar und kann hervorragend als Ausgangsmaterial für die Herstellung von nichtverwebten Stoffen oder Kleidern benutzt werden. Venn diese faserigen Flächenstücke miteinander überlappt werden, entsteht eine baumwollähnliche Masse. Die Dicke des VliesstÜckes kann durch entsprechende Änderung der Geschwindigkeit des Sammlers 16 gesteuert werden· Um eine möglich»Störung in der Formation der Fasern auf dem Sammler 16 zu vermeiden, kann vorzugsweise der Raum unterhalb des Sammlers auf einem Unterdruck gehalten werden. %
Im folgenden werden einige bevorzugte ausgeführte Beispiele zur Erfindung angegeben.
Beispiel 1
Die Breite des langgestreckten Schlitzdurchgangs Ik wurde «u 2 m gewählt. Di· effektive horizontale Länge betrug 2,oo au Ee wurden 3ooo Extrusionsöffnungen in zehn Reihen angeordnet. Öle Öffnungsweite hatte einen Durchmesser von 0,25 mm. Die LJtafe des Bereiches L betrug 500 mm (wobei bei einer Länge
109815/2049 -14-
PATENTANWALT DIPL-INQ. JOACHIM STRASSE. HANAU
von kleiner als 250 mm gelegentliche Faserbrüche festgestellt wurden).
Das Spinnmaterial bestand aus Nylon 6 und wurde mit O133 Gramm pro Minute und öffnung von einer Spinnpumpe abgegeben. Die relative Viskosität betrug 2,3, und die Spinntemperatur lag bei 260° C. Der Abstand von dem unteren oder. Entladungsauegang des Saugkopfes bis zum Sammler betrug 400 mm. Das Siebmaß des Sammlers lag bei 40.
Die vertikale Ausdehnung des Saugkopfes über die gesamte Höhe betrug 31 cm, die stromaufwärts gemessene Länge vom oberen Teil des Saugkopfes und dem Entladungsende der Luftatromdüseneinheit betrug 10 cm, die abwärts gerichtete Länge des Saugkopfes dementsprechend 21 cm.
Der Luftdruck in der Haupt- und in den Verteilungskammern be-
trug 3 kp pro cm . Der Düsenauslafl auf jeder Seite des Faservorhanges war auf 0,1 mm ausgelegt. Die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit erreichte nahezu die Uberschallgrenze. Der Neigungswinkel "beta" betrug 30°, während der Winkel "alpha" der Monofile auf 3 eingerichtet wurde.
Die Luftmenge betrug 20 Nm /min, diese Menge bezieht sich auf den Meter horizontaler Ausdehnung des DUsenauslaeses unter Berücksichtigung des Betrages pro Düseneinheit als Ganzes. Die Breite des Schlitzdurchganges 28 betrug 2 nun, während der Durchgang 31 eine öffnung von 2,1 uns aufwies.
Die umgebende Atmosphärenluft wurde in den Saugkopf mit etwa. 20 bis 30 %, bezogen auf die eingeblasene Luft, angesaugt.
Die Luftströmuhgsgeechwindigkeit betrug 6500 Meter pro Minute und wurde am unteren Ende des Saugkopfes bei einer Abgabegeschwindigkeit von 3000 Metern pro Minute für den Faservorhang bestimmt. Daraus ergibt sich, daß die laufgeschwindigkeit
109815/2049 " 15 "
etwa dae Äwoi- Mb Dreifache der Fließgeschwindigkeit der Fasern im unteren Bereich der Verfahrensstufe betrögt (die Luftgeechwindigkeit kann bia auf lßooo Meter pro Hinute gesteigert werden. Die horizontale Lunge der Schiiten kann bis auf ktoo in beim gegenwärtigen Stand der praktischen Erfahrungen erweitert werden. Bei diesen Ausmaßen kann die Geschwindigkeit der Vorhangfnsern entsprechend größer gewählt werden).
Der Fnservörhenc führt nach dem Strecken durch die Anwendung dor JHlsenströrae von beiden Seiten und durch Aufbringung eines luftrektifizierenden Effektes durch die Vorhantausbildung iß obigen Sinne zu einem idealen vliesHhnlicheii Gebilde auf dem ™ gasdurchlässigen Sammler und ohne daß die Monofile verschlungen werden. Die Lunge Il wurde nuf 4o cm festgelegt. L'ntor dem Sammler wurde ein Luftunterdruck aufrechterhalten, um die Ausbildung von Faserhäufungen zu vermeiden. Die βchmelzgespönnenen Fasern waren eineein je 1 denier stark.
Die Dick« des Vliesstückes konnte durch VerKnderunc der Vorschubgeschwindigkeit des Sammlers geändert werden* Durch Anwendung eines üblichen Ilebharrea wurde aus dem VliesstUck ein nichtverwebter Stoff hergestellt.
Das somit hergestellte Vliesstück weist praktisch keine Faser- M verschlingung auf und zeigt ein faseriges Flnchenstück mit einer unbegrenzten Anzahl von Fteserlocken und· bildet somit einen idealen Vlies«
■ »
Sobald der Abstand M auf 7o cm vergrößert wurde, zeigte das hergestellt· Vlies «ine ungleich· Dichte von Fasern,
Mit einer Breite von 2,oo m und«einer Geschwindigkeit von 15,oo η pro Minute ergibt sich auf dem Sammler ein Vliesstoff ■ilt 33 Gramm pro qm.
- 16 -
109815/2049
PATENTANWALT DlPL-INQ. JOACHIM STRASSE, HANAU - lo - Beispiel 2
Unter Beibehaltung der übrigen Parameter wurde die schmelzgesponnene Faser auf 1,6 Gramm pro öffnung und pro Minute eingestellt, die Höhe L betrug 600 nun, und die Breite des Luftsaugschlitzes wurde auf 3 mm aufgelegt. Die Menge der durch die Düsen, durchströmenden Luft wurde auf 25 Nm /min eingestellt, und der Luftdruck in der Verteilungskammer wur-
de auf 2,5 kp pro cm herabgesetzt. Die Luftströmungsgeschwindigkeit nach unten in der Luftdüseneinheit wurde auf 6500 Meter pro Minute eingeregelt bei einer Vorhanggeschwindigkeit von 2900 Metern pro llinute. Die Monofile hatten eine Stärke am Saugerauslaß von 5 denier. Auf diese Weise ergab sich ein Vliesstück von gleichbleibender hervorragender Qualität.
Beispiel 3
Polyäthylen-Telephtalat mit einer inneren Viskosität von 0,6 wurde ähnlich der zuvor beschriebenen Art schmelzgesponnen, und zwar mit 0,55 Gramm pro öffnung und pro Minute bei einer Temperatur von 285° C. Die zugeführte Preßluft stand unter
2
einem Druck von 3 kp pro cm , und die Zuführungsrate der Luft in den Düsen v/urde auf 20 Nm /min. eingestellt. Die Luftströmgeschwindigkeit nach unten in der Düseneinheit betrug 6500 m pro Minute, während die Fasergeschv/indigkeit auf 3300 m pro Minute eingestellt wurde. Die horizontale Länge des Saugschlitzes betrug 2 m, während seine Breite 2 mm betrug. Die Anzahl der Extrusionsöffnungen betrug 3000, jeweils mit einem öffnungsdurchmesser von 0,25 mm. Unter diesen Bedingungen entstand ein zufriedenstellendes Vliesstück. Die Stärke pro Faser lag bei 1,5 denier.
Ansprüche:
109815/2049

Claims (1)

  1. - 1? Ansprüche
    ' Vorfahren zur Herstellung einer vliesähnlichon nichtverwebton faserigen Struktur in Form' eines Flächenstückes oder eines Bandes, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Stufen:
    n) Extrudieren eines Schmelzmaterials aus oiner allgemein rechtwinklig begrenzten Extrusionszone mit einer Lunge, die sich über die Breite der herzustellenden Fläche erstreckt]
    b) Führen der frisch extrudierten Monofile nach unten durch eine derart lange Zone, die für die zumindest oberflächliche Aushärtung der Fasarn auereicht, und allmähliche Ausbildung einer vorhangähnlichen Anordnung der zumindest teilweise ausgehärteten MonofileJ
    c) Ein- und Durchführung des aus Monofilen bestehenden Vorhanges in und durch eine Saug-Strb'raungazone, um ihn von beiden Seiten her einem Luftstrom zum Strecken " der ein Teil bildenden Monofile und zum Beschleunigen der Abwürtsgeschwindigkeit auszusetzen, wonach die vorhaiigfihnlich ein Toil bildenden Monofile durch die Luft M
    geführt und schließlich auf eine sich bewogende, endlose Sammeleinrichtung mingolegt werden, wobei die kombinierte Fließguschwimligkoit der PrefSluft und tier In die Snu^aono nngoßiiugtoti Luft innerhalb des * Turl.u I.«mzberu Lohe I Ie^t4
    Viirrif I t im;; am' Durchführung li-je VurttxUime ^eutiiii An« .jf.ruch 1, '* ο k ο u n a ν» ί ν. h η υ t durch ί'η L/otulo Kombi na t Lous
    '" IU "*
    *BAD
    a) eine Gruppe vieler Catrueions-Öffmingen (ll) in einem Rechteck (lo) als Schmelzapinndüse für hochpolymereβ Material!
    b) eine Saugeinheit (13) in erheblichem Abstand (L) unterhalb der Spinndüse (lo)|
    c) eine langgestreckte in der oberen Fläche der Saugeinheit (13) ausgebildete Öffnung (14) zur Aufnahme extrudierter Monofile (I5) in Form eines reichlich zusammengezogenen Vorhängest
    d) einen vertikal ausgebildeten Schiitsdurchgang in vertikaler Fortsetzung der Öffnung (
    e) ein Paar innerhalb der Saugeinheit (13) an zwischenliegenden Stellen des Durchganges angeordneten Hochgeschwindigkeitsdüsen (25) zum Anwenden von Hochgeschwindigkeitsluftströmen von beiden Seiten auf den eingeführten und sich hindurchbewegenden Vorhang aus Monofilen, wobei die Düsen (25) derart geneigt sind, daß sie eine wesentliche KoDiponente in Richtung der Vorhangbewegung erzeugen und
    f) ein Sammler (l6) in Form eines bewegten endlosen* gasdurchlässigen Uandes, der unterhalb der Saugeinheit (13) in einem wesentlichen Abstand (M) Über eine Streck« an freier Luft dafür etwa im rechten Winkel zum Vorhang angeordnet i... t, den Vorhang aus Monofilen (I5) zur Ausbildung oinos nichtverwebten Vliesbandes oder Vliostücks (12) auf etoiletid kontinuierlich aufzunehmen.
    c· ι R / 2 0 /, 9
DE2048006A 1969-10-01 1970-09-30 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer breiten Vliesbahn Ceased DE2048006B2 (de)

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US7708670A 1970-10-01 1970-10-01
US00293694A US3802817A (en) 1969-10-01 1972-09-29 Apparatus for producing non-woven fleeces

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FR2064087B1 (de) 1973-11-23
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GB1335216A (en) 1973-10-24
FR2064087A1 (de) 1971-07-16

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