DE2048006A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstel lung eines vliesahnhchen Flachenstuckes - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstel lung eines vliesahnhchen FlachenstuckesInfo
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- DE2048006A1 DE2048006A1 DE19702048006 DE2048006A DE2048006A1 DE 2048006 A1 DE2048006 A1 DE 2048006A1 DE 19702048006 DE19702048006 DE 19702048006 DE 2048006 A DE2048006 A DE 2048006A DE 2048006 A1 DE2048006 A1 DE 2048006A1
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- Germany
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- curtain
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- monofilaments
- monofilament
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
- D04H3/03—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random
Description
■ψίύν
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines vliesähnlichen Flächenstückes
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren für die Herstellung eines vliesehnlichen FlächenstUckes mit einer
nicht verwebten faserigen Struktur aus einer großen Anzahl von schmelzgesponnenen Monofilen und eine Vorrichtung zur Ausführung
des Verfahrens.
Es ist schon bekannt, nicht verwebtes vliesähnliches faseriges Flächenmaterial au· einer Anzahl von schmelzgesponnenen Monofilen
durch die Anwendung eines unter Druck stehenden gasförmigen Mediums in einer Saugeinrichtung auf einem «ich ständig
bewegenden endlosen Band oder Drahtgewebeförderer als einem langgestreckten Sammler herzustellen, Eine wesentliche Schwierigkeit,
die sich bei der praktischen Verwirklichung dee Prozesse«
einstellt, liegt darin, clnH die Mcmotile eich mitoinander
ί s
verschlingen, wenn ale aus dem Auslaß der 8augSl^i||t||Mng mit
hoher Geschwindigkeit austreten, um auf den wand#l»ittd#i|iSammler
aufgenommen zu werden. Um diesen üblichen Nachteil fttticuschließen,
ist schon vorgeschlagen worden, eine Gruppe aus einer großen Zahl von Monofilen in einer gewissen späteren Stufe abzutrennen
und vollständig gesondert durch die Anwendung starker
RUckStellkräfte zu behandeln, die durch eine hohe statische
Spannung auf die Monofile-Gruppe einwirken. Derartige frühere
Vorschlüge führen jedoch, wenn sie angewandt werden, zu einer
höchst komplizierten Anordnung, die für die Herstellung notig
ist. Zusätzlich tritt für das an der Anordnung beschäftigte Personal eine erhöhte Gefahr auf. Gemail praktischen Versuchen
hat sich jedoch herausgestellt, daß n.it der Anwendung einer
Düse mit einem ringförmigen Querschnitt eine gre fic und praktisch
kreisförmige Verteilung von Monofilen mit einer örtlich
verschiedenen Dichte erhalten werden kann· Venn eine Düse mit rechteckigem Querschnitt angewandt wird, entsteht eine langgestreckte
elliptische Feeerverteilung, die längs der großen Achse des Ellipsen-Querschnitts eine unebene Dichtenverteilung
aufweist. Selbst unter besten Bedingungen ist es unmöglich, ein kontinuierliches Band oder Fläcbenmaterial mit nicht verwebter
Struktur herzustellen, die eine bestimmte und genau vorhergegebene Breite und Dichte'aufweist*
Die Fachleute gehen davon aus, daß soweit als irgend möglich
in dem strömenden Gas laminare Zustund« während des Durchgang«
durch «ine Saugdüse aufrecht erhalten werden müssen, um die .
Ausbildung von Verschlingungen der hindurchtretenden Monoflie
zu vermeiden, t^nd fall« dieaer Instand nient erreichter ist,
wird zus&tzlicli eine Hochepannungsaufla.dunJ benutzt, um die
Pasern su trennen. [ %
Wenn ein solcher laminarer Fluß eines gasförmig einströmenden
Mediums angewendet wird, ist es deutlich, daß praktisch keine
Strerlcfunktlon auf die estrudlerten Wonofile ausgeübt werden ,
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kann. Entsprechend einen früheren Vorschlag wird deshalb Hochtemperatur
und Dampf unter hohem Druck nahe der Bxtrusionsspinndüsen
auf die extrudiortan Monofile aufgebracht, u« die
Faaerauszugsgeschwindigkeit zu erhöhen und uvb das erwünschte
Strecken zu ermöglichen. Diese Dampfanwendung findet rings um die Spinndüsen statt. Venn jedoch Hochteiuperaturen, hoher Druck
und ein Dampfstrom mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auf die gerade
extrudierten Monofile angewandt werden(traten häufig Fadenbrüche
auf, und aus die sein Grunde kann der frühere Vorschlag in der
praktischen' Herstellung nicht angewandt werden. Zusätzlich wird davon ausgegangen, daß die Anwendung von hohen Temperaturen und
Dampfetromaη mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auf die extrudierten
Monofile die Kühlung und Verfestigung des extrudierten Materials verzögert, was gleichfalls zu unbefriedigenden Resultaten führt.
Die Anwendung von hohen Temperaturen und L ;pf unter hohem
Druck vergrößert die Investition»- und Betriebskosten.
Schließlich > ß bei allen entsprechenden Vorschlägen berücksichtigt
werden, dal· die Qualität des herzustellenden nicht verwebten FaserprodukorK nicht seilleiter «ein darr als es durch bekannte
andere Techniken hergestellt werden kann. So ,, r.j beispielsweise
ein Verbesserungsvorschiag davon βαβ, vb£*chi.edene
Stufen von Düsen in einer Saugvorrichtung sq anzuordnen, daß
immer nahezu eine lauiinaru Strömung aufrechterhalten werden
kann; Jedoch zeigten praktische Versuche, daß die Anwendung oilier.vieletufigen Düsensauganordnung die Iionofile eher miteinander
verschlingt, und zwar gerade wahrend des Durchganges
durch dl« Saugvorrichtung· Zusätzlich entstehen durch die komplizierte Anordnung in der Saugvorrichtung erhöhte Kosten.
Soll ein· Hochgeachwindigkeits-Herstellung angestrebt werden,
so daß 4er Austritt aus einer Saugdüse aiii hoher Geschwindigkeit
erfolgt, ergeben sich Schwierigkeiten dadurch, daß ein 1 gasförmige s Modium, das durch dieselbe Düaenvorr.; chtung fließt,
nur unbestimmt auf einzelne Fasern mit verschiedenartiger Wir-Ttung
einwirkt, so daß 3ich ein äußeret ungleichmäßigeβ Ergebnis
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einstellt und die Fasern dazu neigen, eich miteinender zu verwirren.
Dies iet ein Grund, weshalb die bekannte Technik und frühere Vorschläge immer wieder auf Schwierigkeiten gestoßen
sind, wenn die Herstellgeschwindigkeit erhöht werden sollte.
Demgegenüber ist.es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein
Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines kontinuierlichen faserigen Bandes oder Flächenmaterials eq schaffen,
wobei das Material eine vliesähnliche nicht verwebte Struktur aufweist und eine möglichst breite Herstellbahn zu erzielen
ist. Es soll eine Herstellbreite von 2,oo und möglichst mehr Metern erreicht werden. In einem Vorgang sollen möglichst
viele einzelne Monofile verarbeitet werden, die in üblicher und einfacher Weise aus einer Spinndüse tchmelzgetponnen werden.
Das Wesentliche der Erfindung liegt darin, daß eine große Anzahl von Monofilen aus einer entsprechenden Anzahl von
Extrusionsöffnungen schraelzgesponnen werden, und zwar befinden
sich diese Extrusionsöffnungen in einem langgestreckten Rechteck,
deewan Länge praktisch der Breite des herzustellenden fase·
rigen Bandes oder Flächenmaterials entspricht. Die Extrusion
erfolgt in eine offene Atmosphäre mit normaler Luft. Dann erfolgt die Einführung in eine einzige Düsenstufe mit einer
Saugvorrichtung mit einem schmalen Schlitz, der sich vertikal über die ganze Vorrichtung erstreckt, und diese Vorrichtung befindet
eich in einem bestimmten Abstand unterhalb der Extrusionsöf fnungen. Der Abstand wird so gewählt, daß auf den Weg
durch die freie Atmosphäre zumindest die Oberfläche der extrudierten
Monofile sich verfestigt hat. Die Monofile werden in die Saugeinrichtung in Form eines Vorhange· eingeführt, Und
innerhalb der Saugvorrichtung wird dieser Vorhang von beiden Seiten paarweise von einem Luftstrom mit so hoher Geschwindigkeit
behandelt, daß eioh der Luftstrom innerhalb des Durchlasses zur Behandlung der vorhangähnlich angeordneten Monofile
in Turbulenz befindet, wodurch eine Kaitreckung und eine Erhöhung der Durchtrittsgeschwindigkeit eintritt. Zusammen mit
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der Luft tritt das Material aus der Einrichtung aus und gelangt
auf einen sich ständig bewegenden Sammler, der gasdurchlässig ist.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird nur ein gasförmiges Medium angewandt, und dasselbe Medium innerhalb des ganzen Verfahrens zur Behandlung
der vorhangförtnig angeordneten Monofile innerhalb der
Saugvorrichtung trifft auch nur auf einen einzigen Vorhang auf. Eine mehrfache Anwendung würde nur zu einer Verschlingung der
Fasern führen»
Dor Luftstrom, der auf den Vorhang aus Monofilen in dem schlitzförmigen
Durchgang innerhalb der Saugeinrichtung einwirkt, muß eine bestimmte Qeschwindigkeitskomponente in Bewegungsrichtung
der Fasern haben, während eine seitliche Geschwindigkeitskomponente erheblich kleiner zu sein hat· Zusätzlich muß die
Luftstronigeschwindigkeit größer sein als die der kontinuierlich schmelzgesponnenen Monofile, um vorzugsweise eine molekulare
Orientierung der Fasern zu erzielen und gleichzeitig für eine beschleunigte Abwärtsbewegung in der DUseneinheit zu «organ,
wodurch der entsprechende Herstellwirkungsgrad erheblich verbessert wird.
Herkömralicherweise war es notwendig, darauf zu achten, daß die
abwärts gerichtete Strömung möglichst laminar ist, um Nachteile zu vermeiden. Die vorliegende Erfindung basiert auf einer neuen
technischen Idee, derzufolge die Düsenströme ohne Nachteil auf vorhangähnlich angeordnete Monofile lediglich Innerhalb einer
Saugvorrichtung sogar mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit angewandt werden« ohne daß zu befürchten ist, daß Verwicklungen in den
fibrigen Produkt auftreten.
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung der Zeichnung.
£s zeigen:
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Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Vorrichtung zur
Ausführung des Verfahrene zum Herstellen von Vliesbändern oder Flächenstücken nicht gewebter Natur gemäß
der neuen Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung,
Fig. 2 eine gegenüber Fig. 1 abgewandelte Ausführungeform in ähnlicher Darstellung, jedoch ausschließlich auf
die wesentlichen Teile der Vorrichtung bezogen,
Fijr. 3 eine vergrößerte Aneicht einer Saugeinrichtung, wie
sie in der zuvor erwähnten Vorrichtung benutzt wird, jedoch unter Weglassung von Teilen der Vorrichtung,
um die Darstellung zu vereinfachen,
Fig. k eine Seitenansicht der Saugeinrichtung gemäß Fig· 3,
teilweise im Schnitt,
Fig. 5 eine Stirnansicht auf die Saugeinrichtung gemäß Fig. 3
und k mit einer Darstellung von Teilen im Schnitt und
Fig. 6 einen vergrößerten axialen Schnitt einer Lu ft injektionsdüse
zum Einführen von Luft in die Saugeinrichtung·
Die in der Zeichnung dargestellte Vorrichtung stellt ein· bevorzugte
Aueführungafonn zur Durchführung des orfindungege«
mäßen Verfahrens dar. Eine Spinndüse· Io weist in einem langgestreckten
Rechteck eine groß· Anzahl von Extrusionsöffnungen
Il «nf. Die Länge des Rechtecke ist so ausgewählt, daß prak- j
tisch die gesamte Breite einea nicht gewebton faserigen FlM- j
chenstUckes 12 mit vliesähnlicher Struktur, welches genlQ i
nachfolgender Beschreibung herzustellen ist, abgedeckt wird,
Unter der Spinndüse Io und im nennenswerten Abstand L befindet
sich eine Saugeinheit 13 mit einem engen und längliehen Schlitzt l'i, der sich - wie aus Fig. 5 hervorgeht - vollständig
über den Sauger erstreckt.
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Wenn beispielsweise die wirksame Länge der Schlitz« Ik zwei
Meter erreicht, ist es empfehlenswert, die Extruaionaöffnungen
in fünf parallelen Reihen mit einem gegenseitigen Abstand von beispielsweise k mm anzuordnen, wodurch sich im vorliegenden
Ausführungsbeispiel insgesamt 25oo Öffnungen 11 ergeben«
Wenn es erforderlich ist, Monofile zu benutzen, beispielsweise mit o,3 bis 2o denier pro Faser, beträgt der Abstand L ungefähr
5o bis 2oo cm.
Aus den Extrusionsöffnungen 11 wird ein verschmolzenes Hochpolymer,
das beispieslweise aus Nylon 6 oder Nylon 66, Polyä"thylen-Terephthalat
besteht, in der entsprechenden Anzahl von kontinuierlichen Monofilen 15 ausgezogen. Innerhalb des Bereiche
des Abstandes L bewegen sich die ausgezogenen Fasern in einer offenen Luf tatniosphäre, die vorzugsweise auf Raumtemperatur gehalten
wird. Unter bestimmten Umständen kann es erforderlich sein, die Zone, in der sich die einzelnen Fasern frei bewegen,
abzudecken, um die Umgebungsatmosphnre vor erhöhten Temperaturen
zu schützen oder um eine gekühlte Umgebung zu schaffen. Unter bestimmten Betriebsbedingungen können die ausgezogenen
Fasern durch eingeführte Luftströme gekühlt werden. In jedem Fall dient die Zone L zum Abkühlen der ausgezogenen und sich
nach unten bewegenden Monofile 15· Die ausgezogenen Monofile 15 werden in die schlitzähnliche Durchgangsöffnung Ik in Form
eines Vorhanges eingeführt. Es ist empfehlenswert, achmale freie Endbereiche l4a und l4b an den beiden Außenseiten der
Schlitzöffnung Ik vorzusehen, um einen Kanteneffekt zu vermeiden,
und dafür beträgt die Länge des freien Bereiches vorzugsweise bis 2o mm. Die Länge L wird so ausgewählt, daß die
ausgezogenen unendlichen Monofile 15 sich zumindest mn ihrer Oberfläche verfestigen können und ihre Temperatur bis auf den
Verfestigungspunkt dea Fasermaterials absenken können. Weiterhin wird vorzugsweise vorgesehen, daß sich die Monofile
während des Durchganges durch die Kühl- und Streckzone L um das Zwei- bis Dreifachs kaltrecken können.
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Der durch die Annäherung der Monofile an die Form eines Vorhangs
unmittelbar vor dem Lintritt in die Schlitzöffnung 14 (vgl. rig. I) sich ergebende eingeschlossene Winkel "alpha"
sollte vorzugsweise unter 15° gewählt werden. Die Schlitzöffnung 14 muß eine Länge haben» die die Breite des Vliesbandes
oder Flächenstückes 12, im vorliegenden Fall 2,00 m, überdeckt,
während die Breite des Schlitzes in diesem Fall vorzugsweise 1 bis 5 mm beträgt, obwohl dieser Betrag mit Rücksicht
auf die Stärke der Einzelfasern der Monofile-und auf
die Dichte des vliesähnlichen Produktes 12 variabel ist.
Die Spinngeschwindigkeit der eingefaßten, gesponnenen Ilonofile
15 wird im allgemeinen mit 3000 bis 6000 Meter pro Minute festgelegt.
Eine gegenüber der Darstellung von Fig. 1 abgewandelte Anordnung wird teilweise in Fig. 2 dargestellt. In dieser abgewandelten
Ausfuhrungsform sind die Extrusionsöffnungen 11 in
kleinen runden oder elliptischen Gruppen A, B ... J angeordnet, wobei diese Gruppen zick-zack-förmig in zwei Reihen
seitlich zueinander und quer zum durchlässigen Förderband 16 angeordnet sind. Der eingeschlossene Winkel "alpha" der ausgezogenen
Monofile 15 kann dem zuvor angegebenen Betrag entsprechen. Auch der übrige Aufbau entspricht der voraufgegangenen
Beschreibung.
Im folgenden wird wiederum auf Fig. 1 Bezug genommen. Wenn die Länge der Luftzone L unter den vorstehend genannten Werten
bleibt, kommen die ausgezogenen Monofile 15 vor ihrer Verfestigung mit den Materialteilen des Saugers 13 in Berührung,
es entstehen Faserbrüche oder andere Schäden. Wird andererseits der Abstand L zu lang gewählt, ergeben sich andere Produktionsschwierigkeiten,
und die Kosten steigen an. Aus diesem Grunde ist es notwendig, den Abstand L entsprechend den vorstehenden
Angaben genau auszuwählen, um zumindest die Oberfläche der Fasern 15 aushärten zu lassen.
109815/2049 - 9 -
Um die Oberflächenverfestigung der ausgezogenen und luftgetrockneten
Monofile 15 zu bestimmen, ist es lediglich notwendig,
die Oberflächenerscheinungsform der Fasern zu beobachten. Wenn die Fasern noch nicht oberflächenverfestigt sind, erscheinen
diese Fasern nahezu transparent, während die Oberfläche relativ stumpf erscheint, wenn die notwendige Verfestigung erreicht
worden ist.
Im folgenden werden der Aufbau und die Funktion der Saugeinrichtung
13 unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren 3 bis 6 näher beschrieben.
Luftdruckleitungen 20 und 21 sind mit einer Druckluftquelle, die nicht dargestellt ist, verbunden. Von diesen Luftleitungen
20 und 21 erstrecken sich eine Anzahl von parallelen Abzweigungen 20a und 21a. Diese Abzweigungen sind mit den entsprechenden
Verteilungskammern innerhalb der Einheit 13 verbunden, um auf diese Ueise innerhalb des Saugers an beide Seiten des
schlitzähnlichen Durchgangs 14 Luft heranzuführen. Es ist empfehlenswert, den Luftdruck, so wie er in Ilauptluftdruckverteilungskamraern
22 vorherrscht, auf 3 bis 5 kp/cm zu halten. Die Hauptluftkammern 22 sind pneumatisch über eine Anzahl von
axial angeordneten Verbindungswegen 23, die axial sich durch den Saugkopf zu gesonderten Verteilungskammern 24a und 24b erstrecken,
mit einer Düseneinheit 25 verbunden. Wie aus Fig. 5 % hervorgeht, befindet sich die Düseneinheit 25, deren Detailaufbau
sich aus Fig. 6 ergibt, in der Mitte des Schlitzdurchganges 14. Die Luftverteilungskammern 24a und 24b weisen eine
Länge auf, die die gesamte Länge des Schlitzdurchganges 14 abdeckt. Der Querschnittsbereich dieser Kammern 24a und 24b
ist langgestreckt rechtwinklig. Unter Bezugnahme auf die Fig. wird die Düseneinheit 25 nachstehend näher beschrieben.
Die Düseneinheit 25 weist einen Steckteil 26 und einen Aufnahmeteil
27 auf, die axial im Lchlitzdurchgang 14 angeordnet sind und die eich gegenseitig überlappen. Der Steckteil 26 ist mit
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einem vertikal und zentral angeordneten Schlitzdurchgang 28 in oberen Teil des Schlitzdurchganges 14 des Saugkopfes 13
versehen. Öle Breite des Schlitzdurchganges 23 ist in derselben Größe wie die des Hauptschlitzdurchganges 14 ausgewählt,
wobei der erste praktisch eine Verlängerung des anderen darstellt. Der durch den Durchgang 28 hindurchgehende Teil des
Vorhangs aus Monofilen hat dieselbe Bezugezahl 15 mit einem
angehängten "aM (15a),
Wie sich aus Fig. 6 ergibt, befinden sich an beiden Seiten des unteren Endes des Steckteils 26 paarweise ausgeformte Düsen-Öffnungen
100 und 101, 'jeweils mit einer beträchtlichen Länge senkrecht zur Zeichnungsebene. Diese horizontale oder Querlänge
1 des Schlitzdurchganges 14 ergibt sich aus den Figuren 1, 2 und 3 in horizontaler Richtung. Die Einlaßbreite χ jeder dieser
Düsenöffnungen beträgt beispielsweise 0,6 mm und die Auslaßbreite y bis zu 0,1 mm, während die Höhe h parallel zur vertikalen
Mittelachse des Saugkopf es 13, zusammenfallend mit <iem
durchgeführten Faserteil 15a, im vorliegenden Beispiel bis
zu 4 mm beträgt. Der Neigungswinkel "beta" jeder der von den*
Aufnahmeteil 27 gebildeten abgeschrägten EinlaBwände 100*
und 100b beträgt bis zu 30°. Das unter« Ende 26a des Steckteils 26 steht unter der starken Einwirkung, daß die GröBe des
Schlitzdurchganges für den Faserabschnitt 15a verkleinert wird, und zwar unter der Wirkung der Druckluft, die aus den Kammern ·
24a und 24b einströmt und von beiden Seiten auf das untere j Endteil des Steckteils einwirkt. Am Auslaß für den Durchfang j
für die Faser 15a, und zwar horizontal hiergegen gesehen# ;
könnte der öffnungsbereich einer Biegewirkung unterworfen sein, j
die zu einer Querschnittsverringerung führt, wenn die Lange j des Saugeinlasses oder die Breite des nicht verwebten faseri- j
gen Flächenstücks 12 bis zu 2.00 m oder mehr beträgt, wie im Beispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung. Diese Tendenz hat selbstverständlich
eine entsprechende Vergrößerung der Düsenauslaß-Öffnung "y" zur Folge, welche jedoch über die Breit· des
Schlitzdurchganges 14 oder 28 verschieden 1st. Wenn ein derar-
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tigee Phänomen in erheblichem Ausmaß auftritt, ergibt sich,
daß die Diisenwirkung, die auf die hindiirchf ließenden Monofile
auegeübt wird, variabel und ungleich über die Breite des Vorhanges ist, was zu einer Verschlingung oder Verfilzung der
vorhangähnlichen Anordnung der Monofile führt, und zwar in
einer beachtlichen Variation in dor Dichte des nichtverwebten
faserigen Flächenstiicks 12. Deshalb muß das untere Ende des Steckteile eine erhebliche Festigkeit über die gesamte horizontale
Länge des Schlitzdurchganges 28 aufweisen. Für diesen Zweck wird die Dicke t (vgl. Fig. 6) in dem vorliegenden bevorzugten
AusfUhrungsbeispiel zumindest mit 2 mm ausgewählt,
wenn* der Steckteil 26 aus gewöhnlichem Stahl besteht. Mit
einer Verkleinerung der horizontalen Lunge des Schlitzdurchganges
Ik oder 28 kann die Dimension der Dicke t entsprechend verkleinert werden und umgekehrt. Aus diesem Grunde kann bei
der Auslegung auf den Vergleich zu einem einfachen Balken mit einer Länge zurückgegriffen werden, die der horizontalen Länge
1 des Schlitzdurchganges 28 entspricht und der mit einer gleichmäßig
über die ganze Länge vorteilten Last belastet ist-, um
die maximale Durchbiegung zu berechnen, die unter diesen Bedingungen auftritt.
Die in die Atmosphäre durch Extrusion aus den Spinndüsen Io
schraelzgesponnenen Monofile 15 werden in die' Form eines Vorhangs
gebracht, sobald zumindest die Oberflächen der Fasern verfestigt sind. Dann wird der Vorhang durch den Schlitzdurchgang
28 des Steckteils 26 nach unten geführt. Der Faservorhang 15a wird dann an der Düseneinheit 25 Luftströmen unterworfen,
die paarweise auftreten und von beiden Seiten auf den Vorhang aus den DUeenauslässen looa und loob einwirken. Auf diese
Weise erfolgt der Durchgang durch den Saugkopf 13. Jeder dieser Düsenströme hat die Form einer Platte, wenn das Ganze allgemein
von außen betrachtet wird. Durch den Einfluß dieser Düsenetröme wird die umgebende Atmosphäre von außen an den
Saugkopf angezogen und durch die Schlitzöffnung Ik und die
Schiitsöffnung 28 in den im Querschnitt dreieckigen Raum unterhalb der Düsen lol und Io2 angesaugt und bildet von dort aus
10981S/20A9 - 12 -
einen zusammengefaßten nach unten gerichteten Strom mit den
Düsenströmen, die aua den Düsenauslässen looa und loob ausströmen.
Die Strömgeschwindigkeit dieser Düsenströme aus den Auslassen
looa und loob wird über die Kammern 24a und 24b so gewählt,
daß sie im Dereich turbulenter Strömung vorzugsweise in der Nähe des Überschallbereiches liegen, was im. scharfen
Gegensatz zum einschlägigen Stand der Technik steht. Es hat sich überraschenderweise herausgestellt, daß mit derartig
hohen Düsenströmen der Faservorhang als solcher erhalten bleibt*
Der Grund ist offensichtlich darin zu sehen, daß bei einer solchen Anordnung von Monofilen innerhalb eines dichten vorhangähnlichen
Gebildes oine Polstorwirkung auftritt, welche die Ausbildung von Faserverfilzungen verhindert. Der Düsonstrotn
weist eine erhebliche nach unten gerichtete Geschwindigkeitskomponente auf, wodurch die vorhangähnlich angeordneten Fasern
einer großen abwärts gerichteten Beschleunigung ausgesetzt
sind. Aus diesem Grunde haben die Injektionsdüsen loo und lol
einen Neigungswinkel zwischen 15 bis Jo °.
Durch die Anwendung des Düsenetroms von beiden Seiten auf den Faservorhang ergibt eich für die ausgezogenen und von den
Spinndüsen nach unten in den Saugkopf unter hoher Geschwindigkeit eingeführten Fasern eine beträchtliche Kaltatreckung oberhalb
der Düseneinrichtung. Der Faservorhang wird schließlich
durch einen Schlitzdurchgang 31 geführt, der vertikal in dem Aufnahneteil 27 ausgebildet ist. Im unteren Teil schließt sich
am Durchgang 14 am Saugkopf 13 eine herabragende Einheit Io2 an, in welche sich der Durchgang 14 hinein öffnet und entlädt·
Der «omit herausgeführte Faservorhang wird über einen bestimmten
Abstand M (Fig. 1) mit offener LuftntmosphKre geführt und
auf einem laufenden begasten Sammler 16 abgelegt, der in Form eine* endlosen Bandes vorhanden ist.
- 13 -
109815/2049
Die Fließgeschwindigkeit des zusammengesetzten abwärts gerichteten
Stroms aus der Düseneinheit 25 ist vorzugsweise um das zwei- bis dreifache größer zu wählen als die Spinngeschwindigkeit,
das wären im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel 6ooo
bis 13 ooo Meter pro Minute. Diese Luftströmgeschwindigkeit
im unteren Teil des Schlitzdurchganges für den Faservorgang liegt weit im turbulenten Strömungebereich, aber entsprechend
der praktischen Erfahrung führt die Anwendung derartig hoher Luftgeschwindigkeiten vorzugsweise dazu, daß Faserverschlingungen
vermieden werden. Dies steht im Gegensatz zu der bisher üblichen Auffassung gemäß des einschlägigen Standes der Technik.
Die zusammengeführten und zusammengefaßten Monofile bilden ein Λ
endloses nicht verwebtes faseriges Band oder Flächenstück auf dem durchlässigen Sammler 16. Dieses Flächenstück weist
praktisch keine Faserverschlingung auf und stellt eine praktisch
gleichmäßige Dichte der Fasern dar und kann hervorragend als Ausgangsmaterial für die Herstellung von nichtverwebten
Stoffen oder Kleidern benutzt werden. Venn diese faserigen Flächenstücke miteinander überlappt werden, entsteht eine
baumwollähnliche Masse. Die Dicke des VliesstÜckes kann durch
entsprechende Änderung der Geschwindigkeit des Sammlers 16 gesteuert werden· Um eine möglich»Störung in der Formation der
Fasern auf dem Sammler 16 zu vermeiden, kann vorzugsweise der Raum unterhalb des Sammlers auf einem Unterdruck gehalten werden.
%
Im folgenden werden einige bevorzugte ausgeführte Beispiele zur Erfindung angegeben.
Die Breite des langgestreckten Schlitzdurchgangs Ik wurde «u
2 m gewählt. Di· effektive horizontale Länge betrug 2,oo au
Ee wurden 3ooo Extrusionsöffnungen in zehn Reihen angeordnet. Öle Öffnungsweite hatte einen Durchmesser von 0,25 mm. Die
LJtafe des Bereiches L betrug 500 mm (wobei bei einer Länge
109815/2049 -14-
von kleiner als 250 mm gelegentliche Faserbrüche festgestellt
wurden).
Das Spinnmaterial bestand aus Nylon 6 und wurde mit O133 Gramm
pro Minute und öffnung von einer Spinnpumpe abgegeben. Die relative
Viskosität betrug 2,3, und die Spinntemperatur lag bei
260° C. Der Abstand von dem unteren oder. Entladungsauegang des Saugkopfes bis zum Sammler betrug 400 mm. Das Siebmaß des
Sammlers lag bei 40.
Die vertikale Ausdehnung des Saugkopfes über die gesamte Höhe
betrug 31 cm, die stromaufwärts gemessene Länge vom oberen Teil des Saugkopfes und dem Entladungsende der Luftatromdüseneinheit
betrug 10 cm, die abwärts gerichtete Länge des Saugkopfes dementsprechend 21 cm.
trug 3 kp pro cm . Der Düsenauslafl auf jeder Seite des Faservorhanges
war auf 0,1 mm ausgelegt. Die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit erreichte nahezu die Uberschallgrenze. Der Neigungswinkel
"beta" betrug 30°, während der Winkel "alpha" der Monofile auf 3 eingerichtet wurde.
Die Luftmenge betrug 20 Nm /min, diese Menge bezieht sich auf den Meter horizontaler Ausdehnung des DUsenauslaeses unter
Berücksichtigung des Betrages pro Düseneinheit als Ganzes.
Die Breite des Schlitzdurchganges 28 betrug 2 nun, während der
Durchgang 31 eine öffnung von 2,1 uns aufwies.
Die umgebende Atmosphärenluft wurde in den Saugkopf mit etwa. 20 bis 30 %, bezogen auf die eingeblasene Luft, angesaugt.
Die Luftströmuhgsgeechwindigkeit betrug 6500 Meter pro Minute
und wurde am unteren Ende des Saugkopfes bei einer Abgabegeschwindigkeit von 3000 Metern pro Minute für den Faservorhang
bestimmt. Daraus ergibt sich, daß die laufgeschwindigkeit
109815/2049 " 15 "
etwa dae Äwoi- Mb Dreifache der Fließgeschwindigkeit der
Fasern im unteren Bereich der Verfahrensstufe betrögt (die
Luftgeechwindigkeit kann bia auf lßooo Meter pro Hinute gesteigert
werden. Die horizontale Lunge der Schiiten kann bis
auf ktoo in beim gegenwärtigen Stand der praktischen Erfahrungen
erweitert werden. Bei diesen Ausmaßen kann die Geschwindigkeit der Vorhangfnsern entsprechend größer gewählt werden).
Der Fnservörhenc führt nach dem Strecken durch die Anwendung
dor JHlsenströrae von beiden Seiten und durch Aufbringung eines
luftrektifizierenden Effektes durch die Vorhantausbildung iß
obigen Sinne zu einem idealen vliesHhnlicheii Gebilde auf dem ™
gasdurchlässigen Sammler und ohne daß die Monofile verschlungen
werden. Die Lunge Il wurde nuf 4o cm festgelegt. L'ntor dem
Sammler wurde ein Luftunterdruck aufrechterhalten, um die Ausbildung
von Faserhäufungen zu vermeiden. Die βchmelzgespönnenen
Fasern waren eineein je 1 denier stark.
Die Dick« des Vliesstückes konnte durch VerKnderunc der Vorschubgeschwindigkeit
des Sammlers geändert werden* Durch Anwendung eines üblichen Ilebharrea wurde aus dem VliesstUck
ein nichtverwebter Stoff hergestellt.
Das somit hergestellte Vliesstück weist praktisch keine Faser- M
verschlingung auf und zeigt ein faseriges Flnchenstück mit einer unbegrenzten Anzahl von Fteserlocken und· bildet somit
einen idealen Vlies«
■ »
Sobald der Abstand M auf 7o cm vergrößert wurde, zeigte das
hergestellt· Vlies «ine ungleich· Dichte von Fasern,
Mit einer Breite von 2,oo m und«einer Geschwindigkeit von
15,oo η pro Minute ergibt sich auf dem Sammler ein Vliesstoff
■ilt 33 Gramm pro qm.
- 16 -
109815/2049
Unter Beibehaltung der übrigen Parameter wurde die schmelzgesponnene
Faser auf 1,6 Gramm pro öffnung und pro Minute eingestellt, die Höhe L betrug 600 nun, und die Breite des
Luftsaugschlitzes wurde auf 3 mm aufgelegt. Die Menge der durch die Düsen, durchströmenden Luft wurde auf 25 Nm /min
eingestellt, und der Luftdruck in der Verteilungskammer wur-
de auf 2,5 kp pro cm herabgesetzt. Die Luftströmungsgeschwindigkeit
nach unten in der Luftdüseneinheit wurde auf 6500 Meter pro Minute eingeregelt bei einer Vorhanggeschwindigkeit
von 2900 Metern pro llinute. Die Monofile hatten eine
Stärke am Saugerauslaß von 5 denier. Auf diese Weise ergab sich ein Vliesstück von gleichbleibender hervorragender Qualität.
Polyäthylen-Telephtalat mit einer inneren Viskosität von 0,6
wurde ähnlich der zuvor beschriebenen Art schmelzgesponnen, und zwar mit 0,55 Gramm pro öffnung und pro Minute bei einer
Temperatur von 285° C. Die zugeführte Preßluft stand unter
2
einem Druck von 3 kp pro cm , und die Zuführungsrate der Luft in den Düsen v/urde auf 20 Nm /min. eingestellt. Die Luftströmgeschwindigkeit nach unten in der Düseneinheit betrug 6500 m pro Minute, während die Fasergeschv/indigkeit auf 3300 m pro Minute eingestellt wurde. Die horizontale Länge des Saugschlitzes betrug 2 m, während seine Breite 2 mm betrug. Die Anzahl der Extrusionsöffnungen betrug 3000, jeweils mit einem öffnungsdurchmesser von 0,25 mm. Unter diesen Bedingungen entstand ein zufriedenstellendes Vliesstück. Die Stärke pro Faser lag bei 1,5 denier.
einem Druck von 3 kp pro cm , und die Zuführungsrate der Luft in den Düsen v/urde auf 20 Nm /min. eingestellt. Die Luftströmgeschwindigkeit nach unten in der Düseneinheit betrug 6500 m pro Minute, während die Fasergeschv/indigkeit auf 3300 m pro Minute eingestellt wurde. Die horizontale Länge des Saugschlitzes betrug 2 m, während seine Breite 2 mm betrug. Die Anzahl der Extrusionsöffnungen betrug 3000, jeweils mit einem öffnungsdurchmesser von 0,25 mm. Unter diesen Bedingungen entstand ein zufriedenstellendes Vliesstück. Die Stärke pro Faser lag bei 1,5 denier.
Ansprüche:
109815/2049
Claims (1)
- - 1? Ansprüche' Vorfahren zur Herstellung einer vliesähnlichon nichtverwebton faserigen Struktur in Form' eines Flächenstückes oder eines Bandes, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Stufen:n) Extrudieren eines Schmelzmaterials aus oiner allgemein rechtwinklig begrenzten Extrusionszone mit einer Lunge, die sich über die Breite der herzustellenden Fläche erstreckt]b) Führen der frisch extrudierten Monofile nach unten durch eine derart lange Zone, die für die zumindest oberflächliche Aushärtung der Fasarn auereicht, und allmähliche Ausbildung einer vorhangähnlichen Anordnung der zumindest teilweise ausgehärteten MonofileJc) Ein- und Durchführung des aus Monofilen bestehenden Vorhanges in und durch eine Saug-Strb'raungazone, um ihn von beiden Seiten her einem Luftstrom zum Strecken " der ein Teil bildenden Monofile und zum Beschleunigen der Abwürtsgeschwindigkeit auszusetzen, wonach die vorhaiigfihnlich ein Toil bildenden Monofile durch die Luft Mgeführt und schließlich auf eine sich bewogende, endlose Sammeleinrichtung mingolegt werden, wobei die kombinierte Fließguschwimligkoit der PrefSluft und tier In die Snu^aono nngoßiiugtoti Luft innerhalb des * Turl.u I.«mzberu Lohe I Ie^t4Viirrif I t im;; am' Durchführung li-je VurttxUime ^eutiiii An« .jf.ruch 1, '* ο k ο u n a ν» ί ν. h η υ t durch ί'η L/otulo Kombi na t Lous'" IU "**BADa) eine Gruppe vieler Catrueions-Öffmingen (ll) in einem Rechteck (lo) als Schmelzapinndüse für hochpolymereβ Material!b) eine Saugeinheit (13) in erheblichem Abstand (L) unterhalb der Spinndüse (lo)|c) eine langgestreckte in der oberen Fläche der Saugeinheit (13) ausgebildete Öffnung (14) zur Aufnahme extrudierter Monofile (I5) in Form eines reichlich zusammengezogenen Vorhängestd) einen vertikal ausgebildeten Schiitsdurchgang in vertikaler Fortsetzung der Öffnung (e) ein Paar innerhalb der Saugeinheit (13) an zwischenliegenden Stellen des Durchganges angeordneten Hochgeschwindigkeitsdüsen (25) zum Anwenden von Hochgeschwindigkeitsluftströmen von beiden Seiten auf den eingeführten und sich hindurchbewegenden Vorhang aus Monofilen, wobei die Düsen (25) derart geneigt sind, daß sie eine wesentliche KoDiponente in Richtung der Vorhangbewegung erzeugen undf) ein Sammler (l6) in Form eines bewegten endlosen* gasdurchlässigen Uandes, der unterhalb der Saugeinheit (13) in einem wesentlichen Abstand (M) Über eine Streck« an freier Luft dafür etwa im rechten Winkel zum Vorhang angeordnet i... t, den Vorhang aus Monofilen (I5) zur Ausbildung oinos nichtverwebten Vliesbandes oder Vliostücks (12) auf etoiletid kontinuierlich aufzunehmen.c· ι R / 2 0 /, 9
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP44078046A JPS4838025B1 (de) | 1969-10-01 | 1969-10-01 | |
US7708670A | 1970-10-01 | 1970-10-01 | |
US00293694A US3802817A (en) | 1969-10-01 | 1972-09-29 | Apparatus for producing non-woven fleeces |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2048006A1 true DE2048006A1 (de) | 1971-04-08 |
DE2048006B2 DE2048006B2 (de) | 1980-10-30 |
Family
ID=27302596
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2048006A Ceased DE2048006B2 (de) | 1969-10-01 | 1970-09-30 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer breiten Vliesbahn |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3802817A (de) |
DE (1) | DE2048006B2 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2064087B1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB1335216A (de) |
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CH435716A (de) * | 1963-10-28 | 1967-05-15 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | Verfahren zur Herstellung hochelastischer Vliesstoffe |
DE1435466A1 (de) * | 1964-10-24 | 1969-03-20 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | Verfahren zur Herstellung textiler Faserprodukte |
DE1560800A1 (de) * | 1966-02-10 | 1971-01-07 | Lutravil Spinnvlies | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Mischvliesen durch Schmelzspinnen |
CH456519A (de) * | 1966-06-13 | 1968-07-31 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | Textiles Bodenbelagmaterial und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
-
1970
- 1970-09-30 DE DE2048006A patent/DE2048006B2/de not_active Ceased
- 1970-10-01 FR FR7035569A patent/FR2064087B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-10-01 GB GB4684070A patent/GB1335216A/en not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-09-29 US US00293694A patent/US3802817A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2406321A1 (de) * | 1974-02-09 | 1975-08-21 | Lutravil Spinnvlies | Spinnvlies aus endlosen faeden aus polyamid-6 |
DE2742068A1 (de) * | 1976-10-11 | 1978-04-20 | Karl Marx Stadt Tech Textil | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von elementarfadenvliesstoff |
FR2371537A1 (fr) * | 1976-10-11 | 1978-06-16 | Karl Marx Stadt Tech Textil | Procede et dispositif pour fabriquer un non-tisse en fibres elementaires |
EP0150024A2 (de) * | 1984-01-19 | 1985-07-31 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Spinnvlieses |
EP0150024A3 (de) * | 1984-01-19 | 1989-04-26 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Spinnvlieses |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US3802817A (en) | 1974-04-09 |
FR2064087B1 (de) | 1973-11-23 |
DE2048006B2 (de) | 1980-10-30 |
GB1335216A (en) | 1973-10-24 |
FR2064087A1 (de) | 1971-07-16 |
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