DE2750854A1 - CROSS AND UNIVERSAL JOINT - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a universal joint consisting of two fork-shaped Members whose legs are articulated to allow a pivoting movement of the two members a pivot axis.

In conventional universal joints, in which the opposing bearing surfaces are arranged cylindrically and coaxially to the pivot axis it is advisable to place buffer washers between the fork-shaped Link and the second link to be arranged so that the mutual displacement between the two links along the Pivot axis results in a compression of the buffer discs, which resists the displacement. The buffer washers must therefore absorb a considerable amount of energy during the transmission of the torque through the joint, which affects the Storage surfaces, the smoothness and the service life has a detrimental effect.

The object of the invention is to create a new universal joint, which is designed so that without buffer washers the axial displacement forces are absorbed, co that the effectiveness is increased compared to conventional universal joints.

This is the case with a universal joint of the type specified at the outset achieved that each of the two legs with the second

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Link by a bearing bush and pin arrangement engages a set of opposed inner and outer bearing surfaces of circular cross-section which are coaxial with the pivot axis and inclined with respect to this, the inclination of the bearing surfaces in the two Sentences is made so that a displacement force on a limb in one or the opposite direction along the pivot axis with respect to the other member, the opposite bearing surfaces of a set are moved axially apart and causes the opposing bearing surfaces of the other set to be moved axially toward one another, thereby creating a increased axial load is exerted between the bearing surfaces of the other set, the reaction force coming from the axial Load of the axial displacement force opposes a resistance.

When a displacement force is exerted to move between the fork-shaped member and the second member along the pivot axis To generate a mutual movement, is in the invention of such a movement by the inclined lower surfaces of one or the other sentence, which is pressed into closer relation, is opposed, thereby making the permissible mutual Movement between the two members can be kept within given acceptable tolerances.

In a simple form of construction of the joint according to the invention the opposite bearing surfaces of a set can be in sliding contact with one another, in particular if they are lubricated or have a low coefficient of friction. However, it is preferred between the opposite Bearing surfaces in a set provided a roller bearing through which the movement of the two links about the pivot axis is carried out will. The roller bearing is expediently in its respective bearing bushing and pin arrangement arranged so that when an axial displacement force is exerted on a member opposite Ίοια

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-mder limb, the increased axial load and the resulting Reaction between the opposite and against each other pressed bearing surfaces are transferred in one set by the roller bearing belonging to this set, which is the ixial displacement resists. The rolling bearing contains preferably a circumferential arrangement of needles or balls.

The circular cross-section bearing surfaces are suitably frustoconical, but examples of other useful surfaces contemplated have partially spherical or otherwise curved profiles, provided that they have an inclined bearing surface with respect to the pivot axis. The opposing inner and outer bearing surfaces of a bushing and journal assembly usually have a similar or substantially complementary profile (particularly in those designs where no roller bearing is provided between the opposing surfaces). If desired (particularly in constructions in which a rolling bearing is provided between the opposed bearing surfaces of a sentence), but may differ from each other, the profiles ( 'he opposed inner and outer bearing surfaces example, l.agox a kegelstumpfformj> ^r e * -. Flat with a partially spherical bearing surface work together.

Usually the two are bushing and trunnion assemblies symmetrically arranged and formed similarly, so that one leg in an identical manner as the other leg on second link is hinged. The second link can e.g. frustoconical bearing surfaces be provided, each work together with two bearing journals or bushings that run in opposite directions tapering frustoconical bearing surfaces or in each of the two legs. If desired,

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but can a bushing and pin assembly one of the Different form and construction. For example, in such an arrangement, a bearing bush can be attached a leg of the fork-shaped member may be provided, which cooperates with a longer pin on the second member, while in the other arrangement, a bearing bush on the other leg of the fork-shaped member can be provided, which with a journal on the second link cooperates. In this example, the inclination (3 bearing surfaces compared to the The pivot axis in one set runs in the same or opposite sense as the inclination of the bearing surfaces in the other set.

According to the invention there is also provided a universal joint with two joints, each of which according to the invention such as is constructed as described above and in which the two members of each joint are part of a common central unit, in which the pivot axis of one joint is arranged by approximately 90 ° with respect to the pivot axis of the other joint, see above that a fork-shaped member can perform a pivoting movement relative to the central unit in a first plane, while the other fork-shaped member perform a pivoting movement with respect to the central unit in a second plane can, which is perpendicular to the first plane.

The invention is described with reference to the drawing. In this shows:

Figure 1 is a top plan view of a transmission drive assembly having two similar ones constructed in accordance with the invention Universal joints;

Figure 2 is a side view of the arrangement shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 3 is a partial section of a universal joint along the line III-III of Fig. 2;

4 shows a section of the universal joint along the line

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IV-IV of Figure 3;
5 shows a second / Uisfiihrungsform of a, constructed according to the invention in a similar universal joint

Section as in Fig. 3;
FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of a universal joint constructed in accordance with the invention in a section similar to that in FIG. 3; FIG.

7 shows a partial section through a modified bearing form, which can be built into a universal joint or hinge according to the invention.

A drive arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a transmission shaft 1, each end of which is forked to form two legs 2, 3. A pair of legs 2, 3 is connected via a universal joint 4 to a pair of legs 5, 6, which are formed by the forked end of a second transmission shaft 7. The other pair of legs 2, 3 is similarly connected to a pair of legs 8, 9 via a second universal joint 4a, which is formed by the forked end of a third transmission shaft 10.

The construction of the universal joint 4 and the way in which it connects the transmission shafts 1 and 7 to one another is identical to that of FIG Construction and connection identical, which is provided by the joint 4a, which is why only the joint 4 in connection with Figs. 3 and 4 will be described. The joint 4 has a central unit 11 which is formed by a Z-pin member 12, the is arranged in a housing 13 and extends through this. The pin member 12 and the housing 13 are through a Bolts 14 fastened together with the ends of the pin member 12 extending from opposite sides of the housing 13 extends, as bearing journals 15 are machined, the outer frustoconical bearing surfaces 16 on-

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'.ve LSi.'ti. I) Le bearing surfaces 16 are coaxial with a ¹ pivot axis 17, Ulli which is to pivot the transmission axis L 1 e I with reference to L I the "'. En tra Lon Ivinheib 11 .. il L t ~ - the housing I 3 are in one piece 7. V) a bearing pin IH formed with outer conical barrel forinli; en junction surfaces 19 which are coaxial with a pivot axis 20, with which the transmission path Ie 7 is to pivot with respect to the central unit 11. The pivot axes 17 and 20 are arranged in a common plane , the axes being perpendicular to each other, so that the transmission shaft can pivot in a plane which is offset by 90 "with respect to the plane in which the transmission shaft 7 pivots.

The legs 2 and 3 are each connected to an L, a / ^ erzapfen 15 anf ', o steers, v / hile the legs 5 and (■>, respectively erzapfen on a La ^ are arigelenkt 18th the type ,, in which ¹ each leg 1st connected to its respective trunnion, Lst 1st therefore useful only the connection between the Schenke L uufl the journal described identical 1 ^r> the bearing pin 1 ';. is received in a bearing sleeve 120 which is fixed -j in the leg and has an inner cone tuinp for m ir; e storage area 2 \ , which is complementary to the storage area K) and forms a set with this. The bearing bush Uo / ird received in a Ufftuuig 23 in the leg 3, · "ιϊι dein sie bofosti.; -; t is. Inside the bearing bush 120 between the set of opposite bearing surfaces Ib and 2.1 a roller bearing through an arrangement of needles 22 out Ldet, animal axes are essentially to the opposite bearing f holes para.LLel, the needles 22 defining the inner bearing f hole 21 coaxially to the pivot axis 17.

While nasty use of the in i * 'ig. 3 shown CiuLenks kiiniion the respective pairs of legs to the transmission; ; see 1.1 en opposite the central kin. 11 through the loading position 22 onto the respective bearing pin 1! 3.1H. h '[\ v den i / all that a displacement force on the joint in one direction

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is practiced with a pair of thighs opposite the central one Unit 11 moves along its respective pivot axis, although such a displacement force tends to the opposite Truncated conical bearing surfaces of a connection set To move away from each other, the other set of opposing frustoconical bearing surfaces would be toward each other printed, creating an increased load along the pivot axis between the opposing bearing surfaces of the ■ Another rate would be exercised about the needle bearing. Consequently, it renders the reaction between the frustoconical Bearing surfaces of said axial displacement a resistance. This tendency to axial displacement can be counteracted are during the transmission of high rotational loads through the transmission shaft arrangement according to FIGS. 1 and. 2, in particular under conditions in which the transmission shaft 7 and 10 to each other at an angle of 90 ° or approximately 90 ° are arranged.

To assemble the universal joint according to FIGS. 3 and 4, the legs 2, 3, 5 and 6 are arranged so that their openings 23 (in the absence of the bearing bushes 120) receive the respective bearing journals 15 and 18. Thereafter, the needle layers 22 are applied to an outer bearing surface of the trunnions 15 and 18, respectively. After an adhesive has been applied to the inner surfaces of the legs forming the openings 23 , the bearing sleeves 120 are forced into their respective openings so that the needle bearings are received in and engaged with their respective inner bearing surfaces . Each bearing bush 120 can additionally be attached to its leg by deforming the material of the leg, for example by hammering, so that the material extends radially inwardly over the outer end of the bearing bush, which is shown at 24 in FIG.

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As best seen in Figure 3, the pairs are tapered from the outside frustoconical bearing surfaces 16 and 191 the run coaxially to a common pivot axis 17 or 20, in opposite directions in axial directions, the ends with are closest to each other by the larger diameter of the bearing surfaces of each such pair. In the second embodiment of the universal joint shown in FIG. 5 has the central unit 11 four cylindrical journal-like projections 15 and 18 which are arranged similarly to those shown in FIG. However, in this second embodiment, everyone wears Journal-like extension an outer frustoconical Storage area 25, which are compared with the storage areas

16 and 19 of Fig. 3, tapered in the opposite sense along their respective pivot axis. In Fig. 5 the type is the Connection between the legs 2, 3 »5 and 6 with the central one Unit 11 the same and includes an auxiliary bearing member in In the form of a ring 26 which forms part of the central unit and at the end of the respective journal-like extension 15,18 is added, so that the outer frustoconical bearing surface 25 carried by such a ring is coaxial with the respective one Pivot axis 17 or 20 runs. As indicated above, the bearing surfaces 25 are on a common pivot axis arranged so that their ends are closest to each other with the smallest diameter, whereby these surfaces are opposite rejuvenate. The ring 26 is held on its journal-like extension 15, 18 by a locking ring 27. One Pressure washer 28 and the spacing disks 29 can be between the Ring 26 and the locking ring 27 are arranged to form a stop which the ring along its pivot axis

17 or 20 specifies exactly. The outer bearing surface 25 is inside arranged a bearing bush provided in the leg of their connection and has an inner frustoconical Bearing surface 30, which is complementary to the bearing surface 25 and this is opposite. The one that forms the bearing surface 30

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Bearing bush Is an opening in its leg 2, 3, 5 or 6 -lus formed by a cap 31 on the side of the respective Leg is closed by the central unit 11 is out of the way. Between the set of people lying opposite frustoconical bearing surfaces 25 and 30 of each connection between a leg and the central unit 11 is a Needle bearing 32 is provided through which the respective legs pivot about their pivot axes relative to the central unit. When exerting a displacement force that is a pair of Legs moved along their respective pivot axis and relative to the central unit, represents the taper of the cooperating Storage areas in the bearings additionally and in a similar manner as in the embodiment of Fig. 3 safe, that one or the other of these camps reacts in such a way that the said mutual displacement creates resistance opposed.

The universal joint shown in Figure 5 can be readily assembled by first positioning each pair of pins to receive the ginger-pin-like members 15 and 18 in the respective openings which define the bearing surfaces 30. Now the needle bearings 32 are inserted into the bearing bushes formed by the bearing surfaces 30, after which the rings 26 are pressed onto their respective iiger-bushing-like members l'j. And 18 so that they abut uen Iladellager and provide a direct cooperation between the respective opposite bearing surface . The hinge 2i) are held in place by the spacer disks 29, which are required to center the respective pairs of arms on the central unit 11 (and / or to pretension the needle bearings). Thereafter, the washers 20 and the locking rings 27 are attached. Finally, the Abder.kkippen 31 are secured in their respective seats.

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From 1 "Ii;;.'; 3 is sees Lieh that · ί L 1 ο I. ■ if ¹ ; ·. ·!' ·: '. been ipfenähnilchen extensions Vj and IB formed by the Linden by IJI mgen passing through the Loizen 1 '.> in KrauziOrNanorduung Lunerha. LL) the. Housing dimensions with each other be f.er- t Lg L. To facilitate the definition of the pivot axes Γ / and 20 in a ¹ common plane Ln t with the bearing pin 10 versehoue ütmge provided with a 'dianie ti ¹ ; ι Leu bore through (Lie π Loh di.e rod with your bearing pin 1 ';> er :; tr'ock t. Z \; LsDhen the central l'ILnheit 11 and ilen , je. / Fi leagues tavern.! Η r, inrl iiin,, thou exercises 33 provided, which represent. K Lud r Ln; ίίι from i''r (; indni, bi.u ¹ ia I. Ln prevent the area of the rolling bearings ^v / d . V / ie given at; JV, can be used at Ln L- ¹ Ig. .5 geze i / ', t en Λη; ·; .. ΐ.'ϋΙιι · ηη>;ΰΓοπι); similar seals are provided.

At di) v Ln L ^p ig. (> geze.i / ·; b (; n 'in;L'iihrungGt'.oviai.:;i", each oclienkeL der liber tr igunc; sv / el Len with an L, agerz: p i'en vci'.sclieii, which is a iiulJere cone tumble L'örm Lge bearing t 'Läcln .; on' ./ e Ln t and auLgenonimen in a bearing bush (which is essentially a koinp Lf.Miien tare inner cone Ls bump C C ' iform ige la /; he f. 'pool), which in the central i'iinhoib Il m vor / ^r , eselien i:, t., dali the Ut. ¹ -lenk in ahnLLclier vjeLse v.'Le bei. i \ n \ i above soled 'iTibenen aiin leadership ;; forms works. L''ig ό : · (> Ί _: .- \ ~ z'wecki ί ^: ii.i ig:'. we i LOrinen von [^^. (..r'biiclisen- und Zapfenanordnuiif, .. · ιι, obwolil l'ilr gewnhnLLch, w; ii; but ¹ not we ;; entLicli is, all rnoj'dungen are of similar construction. Jetle bearing bushing and Zap i 'en' arrangement on the .Schwenkachse 20 Le LcIi t built that first t the needle bearing 32 is inserted into the cone s tuinp fför'iu ige bearing bush, and that then a bearing bush / Vi i'iit the / ', ec . · The outer bearing surface is pressed through the opening 25 into the leg 5 or b , so that the opposite bearing pools with the Hadeli ager ΎΑ zuaiiimenarho L-teu. DLe bearing bushes 5m are, as mentioned above, connected to their respective bars Ln by adhesive and / or by a liota.l 1 deformation.

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Each bearing bush and pin arrangement on the pivot axis 17 of Fig. 6 is somewhat more complicated than those described above, insofar as the design requires that the journal portion of the bearing member in front of the needle bearing 32 in the bearing bush part must be used. Such an arrangement of the rolling bearings can easily be achieved in that a suitable game is provided, the mobility between the frustoconical bearing journals 35, your complementary Journal in the central unit 11 and the roller bearing a respective arrangement allows. After the roller bearing 32 has been arranged, the bearing pin 35 is on its associated Arm 2 or 3 fastened by a locking ring 27, which (if necessary with spacers) against a washer 28 presses on the arm.

As an alternative to opposing truncated cone-shaped bearing surfaces, as given by the previous embodiments, FIG. The partially spherical bearing surface 36 is located on the outside and is arranged on a bearing pin 37 fastened in the opening 23 of the leg 6. The frustoconical bearing surface 38 is located on the inside and forms a bearing bush on the central unit 11 which receives the bearing journal 37. Between the bearing surfaces 36 and 38, a ball arrangement 39 is arranged, which is expediently fixed in an annular path 40 on the bearing journal and follows this path. The arrangement shown in FIG. 7 is expediently constructed in a manner similar to the arrangements on the pivot axis 20 of the embodiment of FIG. 6.

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ο r s e ι t

Claims (1)

HEINZ H. PUSCH / ΜΑΛ'Λ ¹ PATENT ADVERTISER D 8000 AAQNCHEN 22 · T- It) M AS U IMM-IR- RING 14 TELEFON if. «/ 227887 CAfI GEARS LIMITED 'Munich, November 10th. 1977 A5 Wilbury Way Γ! 317/77 II itch in Pu / rei Hertfordshire, England Fatentan sayings G., universal joint, consisting of two fork-shaped members, the legs of which interlock in an articulated manner, / air enabling a pivoting movement of the two members about a pivot axis, characterized in that the legs (2, 3) of the members (12) each have a bearing bushing and pin arrangement (15 » ¹ 20; 18, 120) are in the Kingriff, which have a hatζ of opposite inner and outer bearing surfaces (16, 21, 10) with a circular cross-section, which are coaxial with the pivot axis (17) and inclined with respect to it, the inclination of the bearing surface (16, Pl; 1 ⁽ ), -) in the two sentences is such that '? a displacement force on one link in one or the opposite direction along the pivot axis (17) relative to the other link moves the opposing bearing surfaces of one set axially apart, so that the opposing bearing surfaces of the other set are axially moved towards one another, thereby increasing a axial load is exerted between the bearing surfaces of the other set in order to oppose a resistance to the reaction force from the axial load of the axial displacement force. 809820/0990 2. Joint according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g to k e η η draws, dal) the opposite surfaces at least one set are in sliding contact with each other. 3. Joint according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that between the opposite Loger surfaces (16, 21) of at least one set, a roller bearing (22) is provided through which a pivoting movement of the two members (2,3-12) is effected around the pivot axis. H. Joint according to claim 1, characterized in that the or each roller bearing (22) is so j η its respective bearing bushing and pin onanordnimg (15,120; 18,120) that when the opposite bearing surfaces (l6,21) between which the Rolling bearing (22) is arranged, are axially pressed against each other, the increased axial load and the resulting reaction in the · bearing bushing and pin arrangement (1 [■>, 1 20; IH, 120) is caused by the rolling bearing (22), which an axial displacement of one member with respect to the other offers resistance. 5. Joint according to claim 3 or k, characterized in that the roller bearing (22) contains a circumferential arrangement of bars or balls. 6. Joint according to one of the preceding claims, characterized geke η η ζ η ei ch et that at least one bearing surface is kegeistumpfförmig or partially spherical. 809820/0990 7. Joint according to claim 6, characterized in that that each bearing surface (16) of at least one set is frustoconical and that the opposing ones frustoconical bearing surfaces (21) an im have an essential complementary profile. 8. Joint according to claim 7 as a function of claim 5 »characterized in that between the opposite frustoconical bearing surfaces (16,21) a needle bearing (22) is provided, and that the Needles in the arrangement can be rotated about axes which essentially correspond to the opposite bearing surfaces (16, 21) are parallel. 9. Joint according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one leg (2) of the fork-shaped member (2, 3) has an opening (23) which is substantially aligned with the pivot axis (17) is aligned, and that within the opening (23) a bearing member (120) is arranged and secured, the one Bearing bush (120) or a bearing pin (35) carries one (16) of the bearing surfaces (16,21) for the leg (2) belonging set of storage areas. 10. Joint according to claim 9, characterized in that the or a bearing member (120) in its associated opening (23) is arranged and fixed, the opening (23) substantially at one Place is located in which the bearing member (120) directly interacts between the set of associated opposite bearing surfaces (16,21) causes. 11. Joint according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that that the or a bearing member (120) carries a bearing surface (21) opposite the 809820/0990 Pivot axis (17) is inclined in the sense that when the Bearing member (120) and the second member (12) are moved against each other along the pivot axis (17), the opposite Bearing surfaces (16, 21) of the set belonging to the bearing member (120) are brought into closer relationship. 12. Joint according to claim 11, characterized in that the L-> ger link (1? Ü) is a bearing bush whose bearing surface (21) tapers away along the pivot axis (17) in the direction of the second member (12). 13. Joint according to claim 11, characterized in that the bearing member has a bearing journal (34) carries,. whose bearing surface extends along the pivot axis (20) extended in the direction away from the second link. 14. Joint according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized characterized in that the bearing member (120) in the opening (23) of the leg (2) by adhesive or by deformation (24) of the material of the leg (2) the bearing member (120) is attached. 15. Joint according to claim 12 as a function of claim .3 or 4, characterized in that that on the bearing pin (15) of the second member (12) a roller bearing (22) is arranged, which is connected to the by the bearing member (120) formed bearing bush cooperates, wherein the roller bearing (22) before the attachment of the bearing member (120) is arranged in the opening (23). 16. Joint according to claim 13 as a function of claim 3 or 4, characterized in that in the bearing bush of the second member, a roller bearing (32) is arranged, the overall with the bearing member through the 809820/0990 formed trunnions (35) working together, the rolling bearing (32) is placed in position before the bearing member is fastened. . "Joint according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that that the or a bearing member carries a bearing surface which is opposite to the pivot axis (17) in is inclined to the sense that when the bearing member and the second member along the pivot axis (17) away from each other are moved, the opposite bearing surfaces of the set belonging to the bearing member are moved into closer relationship will. 10. Joint according to claim 17, characterized in that that the bearing member carries a bearing pin (35), the bearing surface of which extends along the pivot axis (17) narrows away from the second link. 19. Joint according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that that the bearing member is fixed in the opening by means by which the mutual Positioning can be adjusted along the pivot axis of the associated opposite bearing surfaces can be used to determine the preload on the bushing and journal assembly of which the bearing member forms a part. 20. The joint of claim 18 when dependent on claim 3 or 4, characterized in that that in the bearing bush of the second member a roller bearing (3?) is arranged Lr; t, which is formed with dom by the bearing member Bearing pin (35) cooperates, the roller bearing (32) is arranged in the bearing bush following the positioning of the bearing pin (3.5) in the bearing bush and prior to attaching the bearing member to the leg 809820/0990 (2) the forked member :; ( ⁹ , 3). 21. Joint according to one of the preceding claims, d a - d ii r c h g e k e η η ζ c? i. c h η e t, that won igs Lens a leg (5) of the fork-shaped member (2,3) has an opening soft, which is essentially with dor .Schwenkachse (17) is aligned and forms an inner bearing surface (i; i), which expands in the direction of the second link (15) away, wherein the second member (15) has an auxiliary bearing member (2υ), on which the outer bearing surface (25) is arranged, with the inner bearing surface formed by the opening (30) forms a set, and wherein the auxiliary bearing member (2b), while in the opening, as part of the second member (15) and essentially in one Position is attached in which the auxiliary bearing member (26) immediately a collaboration between the set of corresponding opposing storage areas (25.30) causes. 22. A joint according to claim 21, e k ο η η dadurchg characterized in that the LIIj i'slagerglled (26) is attached to the second member (15) through I-itttel, through the longitudinal mutual positioning dor the pivot axis associated gegenübei ^ lying bearing surfaces (25,30) can be adjusted to determine dei ^ Vorbe Las tung at the Lagerbüchsen- and pin arrangement, of which the auxiliary bearing member (26) forms a part. 23. Joint according to claim 2 1 or 22, d ι d u r c Ii g e characterize t that the II Hf slagergl i ed (.O) forms a ring L, the · on · a · cylindrical extension of the second link (15) is attached, which is in the weüenL-lichen runs coaxially with the pivot axis (17). 809820/0990 2U. Joint according to one of claims 21 to 23 in / dependent on claim 3 or h, characterized in that (3 in the bearing bush formed by the opening in the leg (3) a roller bearing (32) is provided, which before the attachment of the auxiliary bearing member ( 26) is arranged in its position in the bearing bush. 25. Joint according to one of the preceding claims, d a through characterized in that the two bearing bushing and pin arrangements are arranged symmetrically and are similarly formed, whereby a leg is hinged to the second link, in a manner that essentially that is identical to that in which the other leg is hinged to the second link. 26. Universal joint with two hinges, each of which is constructed according to one of the preceding claims and in in which the second links of each articulation are part of a common central unit (11) in which the pivot axis (17) of the one joint offset by approximately 90 ° with respect to the pivot axis (20) of the other joint is, so that a fork-shaped member (2,3) a pivoting movement relative to the central unit (11) in one ereten level can run, while the other fork-shaped. ge member (5 »6) can perform a pivoting movement with respect to the central unit (11) in a second plane, which is perpendicular to the first plane. 27. Universal joint according to claim 26, characterized in that that the two pivot axes (17t20) lie in a common plane. 28. Universal joint according to claim 26 or 27 »thereby marked that one of the second 809820/0990 Members (12,13) contain a tenon, which at each end carries a laf, ei \ f 1 äohe (1b), while the other second member contains a housing member ('IjJ) with an opening in which the pin member (12) is arranged and fixed. 809820/0990