DE3117737C2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE3117737C2 DE3117737C2 DE3117737A DE3117737A DE3117737C2 DE 3117737 C2 DE3117737 C2 DE 3117737C2 DE 3117737 A DE3117737 A DE 3117737A DE 3117737 A DE3117737 A DE 3117737A DE 3117737 C2 DE3117737 C2 DE 3117737C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- filaments
- cooling
- cooling fluid
- cooling chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/15—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
- D04H3/03—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
- B29C48/87—Cooling
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
- B29C48/0018—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by orienting, stretching or shrinking, e.g. film blowing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
- B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/345—Extrusion nozzles comprising two or more adjacently arranged ports, for simultaneously extruding multiple strands, e.g. for pelletising
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/731—Filamentary material, i.e. comprised of a single element, e.g. filaments, strands, threads, fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2555/00—Personal care
- B32B2555/02—Diapers or napkins
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum
Bilden einer nicht gewebten Bahn aus einem fließfähigen
Material der im Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 erläuterten
Art.
Eine derartige Vorrichtung ist aus der GB-PS 12 85 381
bekannt. Die bekannte Vorrichtung enthält eine sich über
die gesamte Maschinenbreite erstreckende
Verstreckkammer, in der die extrudierten Filamente
abgekühlt werden. Am unteren Ende der Verstreckkammer
sind einzelne, rohrförmige Verstreckdüsen angeordnet,
wobei jede Verstreckdüse nur ein Einzelfilament bzw. ein
Filamentbündel aufnehmen kann. Unmittelbar oberhalb der
Verstreckdüsen mündet eine Leitung für Kühl- und
Verstreckluft unter einem Druck von mindestens 1×10⁵ Pa,
bevorzugt 3×10⁵ Pa, ein.
Bei der Vorrichtung nach der DE-AS 17 60 713 ist im
Abstand unterhalb des Spinnkopfes ein Paar nach unten
konvergierender Wände angeordnet, zwischen denen die
Filamente in Richtung auf die Ablageeinrichtung
durchlaufen. Die Düse zum Erzeugen des die Filamente
ausziehenden Fluidstromes ist in der einen, vertikal und
parallel zur Filamentlaufrichtung ausgerichteten Wand in
Gestalt einer Lavaldüse angeordnet. Das unter hohem
Druck (3,5×10⁵ Pa) stehende Fluid strömt aus der Düse
mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit aus und wird durch den
Coanda-Effekt in Anlage an der vertikalen Wand gehalten.
Dadurch werden die auf dem Weg vom Spinnkopf bis zur
Düse verfestigten Filamente mit hoher Geschwindigkeit
ausgezogen. Die der Wand gegenüberliegende Wand dient
nur dazu, an den Randzonen des Fluidstrahles künstlich
Sekundärluft einzusaugen, um die Fäden der Randzonen
einzuziehen.
Weitere Vorrichtungen, bei denen die Filamente mit Hilfe
von unter hohem Druck stehender Luft ausgezogen werden,
sind in der US-PS 36 92 618, der US-PS 38 02 817 und der
US-PS 40 64 605 beschrieben.
Die bekannten Vorrichtungen sind wegen der
Notwendigkeit, ein Hochdruckfluid zur Verfügung zu
stellen, aufwendig. Für den Fall, daß eine ausreichende
Verfestigung auf dem Weg der Filamente zwischen dem
Spinnkopf und der Düse durch normales Durchlaufen der
Umgebungsluft nicht erreicht werden kann, ist in diesem
Bereich außerdem eine gesonderte Kühlluftzufuhr
erforderlich. Darüber hinaus erzeugt unter hoher
Geschwindigkeit austretende Luft einen hohen Lärmpegel
und erfordert einen sehr großen Luftdurchsatz, was
wiederum einen leistungsfähigen und daher
energieaufwendigen Kompressor voraussetzt. Die wegen der
Turbulenzen im Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrom erforderlichen
Einzeldüsen verstopfen jedoch leicht, wenn ein Filament
bricht. Zur Reinigung der Düsen muß dann das gesamte
System längerfristig abgeschaltet werden, was wiederum
die Betriebskosten erhöht.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine
Vorrichtung der eingangs geschilderten Gattung zu
schaffen, die einfach aufgebaut ist und niedrige
Betriebskosten erfordert.
Die Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des
Anspruches 1 gelöst.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird ein
Niederdruckfluid sowohl zum Verfestigen der Filamente
als auch zum anschließenden Ausziehen derselben benützt.
Das Fluid strömt auf einer Seite der Filamente in die
Kühlkammer ein und umspült diese mit einer
Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, die wegen der Größe der
Kühlkammer gering gehalten werden kann. Dadurch tritt
eine rasche Verfestigung der Filamente ein, ohne daß
sich diese zu stark bewegen. Damit ist die Gefahr eines
gegenseitigen Verklebens und eines Anhaftens an den
Wänden der Kühlkammer gebannt. Da die Düse die
Hauptaustrittsöffnung für das Fluid aus der Kühlkammer
bildet, beschleunigt sich das Kühlmittel in der Düse,
wodurch die die Düse verlassenden Filamente mitgenommen
und ausgezogen werden. Auf diese Weise wird
erfindungsgemäß eine rasche Verfestigung der Filamente
unter gut kontrollierbaren Bedingungen erreicht. Für das
Ausziehen der Filamente ist kein gesondert
bereitzustellendes und unter Hochdruck zu setzendes
Fluid erforderlich. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist
daher einfach aufgebaut und arbeitet sehr
wirtschaftlich.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind den
Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung können
insbesondere nicht gewebte Bahnen mit Flächengewichten
zwischen 3,39 bis 339 g/m² hergestellt werden. Diese
Bahnmaterialien werden beispielsweise in großem Umfange
für die Herstellung von Wegwerfprodukten, wie
Windeleinlagen, Umhüllungen für Damenbinden, Tücher für
chirurgische Zwecke oder Wischtücher, jedoch auch für
dauerhaftere Produkte, wie beispielsweise
Teppich-Trägerschichten, Zelttuch und dergleichen,
verwendet.
Durch die Wahl einer geeigneten Düsenlänge kann die
erforderliche Auszieh- bzw. Verstreckspannung mit einer
Luftgeschwindigkeit in der Düse erreicht werden, die
lediglich das 1,5- bis 4fache der
Filamentgeschwindigkeit beträgt. So wurde beispielsweise
bei einer Düsenöffnung von 9,525 mm (Beispiel 6 in der
beiliegenden Tabelle) eine Luftgeschwindigkeit von
83,82 m/s) verwendet, um eine Filamentgeschwindigkeit von
47,85 m/s zu erzeugen, wobei ein Vorratsdruck von nur
4,48×10³ Pa erforderlich ist. In diesem Falle beträgt
die erforderliche Luftmenge nur etwa 0,48 m³/min pro cm
Maschinenbreite. Das Abkühlen der Filamente wird durch
Regulieren der Temperatur der Kühlluft (z. B. zwischen
4,4 bis 54,4 Grad Celsius) und des Strömungsdurchsatzes
der Luft durch die Auspufföffnung (z. B. zwischen 0 bis
0,1 m³/min pro cm Maschinenbreite) kontrolliert. Der
Strömungsdurchsatz durch die Auspufföffnung kann in
engen Grenzen überwacht und gesteuert werden, so daß die
Betriebsbedingungen auf einfache Weise zu verändern und
den Erfordernissen anzupassen sind. Der
Strömungsdurchsatz des Kühlströmungsmittels durch die
Düse sollte innerhalb des Bereiches von 0,223 bis etwa
0,892 m³/min pro cm Maschinenbreite und die
Düsenöffnung zwischen 3,175 bis 25,4 mm gehalten werden.
Die Länge der Kühlkammer, die Länge der Düse und der
Abstand zwischen Düse und Ablagevorrichtung hängen
selbstverständlich von den Eigenschaften des zu
verspinnenden Materials sowie von den gewünschten
Eigenschaften des Bahnmaterials ab. Dementsprechend
können diese Parameter innerhalb weiter Grenzen variiert
werden. Durch diese Veränderungsmöglichkeiten ist die
Vorrichtung der vorliegenden Erfindung außerordentlich
flexibel und kann auf einfache Weise an unterschiedliche
Eigenschaften der zu verspinnenden Materialien,
unterschiedliche Betriebsbedingungen und
unterschiedliche Eigenschaften des hergestellten
Bahnmaterials angepaßt werden.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachfolgend
anhand der schematischen Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es
zeigt:
Fig. 1 ein verallgemeinertes Strömungsdiagramm einer
Anlage mit der vorliegenden Erfindung,
Fig. 2 eine schematische, teilgeschnittene
Perspektivansicht der erfindungsgemäßen
Vorrichtung, und
Fig. 3 eine Schnittansicht der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 2.
Anhand Fig. 1 wird zunächst das Vorgehen beim Betrieb
der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung näher beschrieben. Der
erste Schritt besteht in der Bereitstellung eines
thermoplastischen Polymers in flüssigem Zustand zum
Spinnen. Die Einrichtung der vorliegenden Erfindung
erlaubt eine weite Vielfalt von zu verarbeitenden
Polymeren, wie z. B. Polyamide, Polyester, Polyolefine,
Polyvinylacetat, Polyvinylchlorid, Polyvinylalkohol,
Celluloseacetat, Viskose und dgl. Es können jedoch auch
andere spinnfähige Materialien, die üblicherweise nicht
als Polymere bezeichnet werden, wie beispielsweise
geschmolzenes Glas, verwendet werden.
Das Polymer wird von einem Vorrat 10 zu einem Trichter
12, dann durch einen Extruder 14, ein Filter 16 und eine
Dosierpumpe 17 einem Spinnkasten 18 zugeführt. Filamente
20 werden durch einen Spinnkopf 22 ausgesponnen, der
Öffnungen aufweist, die in einer oder mehr Reihen
angeordnet sind und einen Filamentvorhang bilden, der in
die Kühlkammer 24 gerichtet ist. In der Kühlkammer 24
werden die Filamente 20 in Berührung mit Luft oder einem
anderen Kühlströmungsmittel gebracht, das durch den
Lufteinlaß 26 und Siebe 25 eingeleitet wird, wobei die
Siebe 25 als Strömungsgleichrichter zur Erzielung
laminarer Strömung dienen. Das Kühlströmungsmittel wird
unter niedrigem Druck bzw. Überdruck von weniger als
8,274×10⁴ Pa beispielsweise
von weniger als 1,379×10⁴ Pa
zugeführt. Ein Teil des Kühlströmungsmittels wird durch
den Filamentvorhang hindurchgeleitet und als Abluft
durch die Auspufföffnung 28 entfernt. Der als Abluft
abgeleitete Teil der zugeführten Kühlluft hängt vom
verwendeten Polymer sowie von der Abkühlgeschwindigkeit
ab, die erforderlich ist, um die gewünschten
Filamenteigenschaften zu liefern, wie etwa den Titer,
die Zähigkeit bzw. Reißfestigkeit und dgl. Im
allgemeinen gilt: je größer die Menge der Abluft ist,
desto größer ist der sich ergebende Titer des
Filamentes; und umgekehrt, je niedriger das
Abluftverhältnis ist, desto niedriger ist der Titer.
Wenn der Abkühlungsvorgang beendet ist, wird der
Filamentvorhang durch ein sich sanft verengendes unteres
Ende der Kühlkammer in eine Düse 32 geleitet, wo die
Luft eine Geschwindigkeit von etwa 45,72 bis 243,84 m/s
erreichen kann. Die Düse weist die volle Maschinenbreite
auf und ist beispielsweise von einer ortsfesten Wand 34
und einer beweglichen Wand 36 gebildet. Wie in Fig. 3
ersichtlich, kann die bewegliche Wand zurückgefahren
oder zur ortsfesten Wand hin bewegt werden. Während der
Inbetriebnahme wird die Wand voll zurückgefahren, so daß
die Filamente infolge der Schwerkraft durch die weit
offene Düse hindurchfallen. Die niedrige Geschwindigkeit
der ankommenden Kühlluft wird durch die weit offene Düse
beibehalten, so daß tatsächlich nur ein geringes
aerodynamisches Verstrecken stattfindet. Wenn die
Polymerströmung voll hergestellt ist, dann wird die
bewegliche Wand nach vorne bewegt, um die Düsenöffnung
zu verkleinern, die Luftgeschwindigkeit zu erhöhen und
die Filamente auszuziehen bzw. zu verstrecken. Wenn eine
größere Verfahrensstörung auftritt und die Düse
teilweise während des Betriebes mit Polymer verstopft
ist, wird die bewegliche Wand kurzzeitig zurückgezogen,
bis der Pfropfen durch die vergrößerte Düse
hindurchfällt. Die Wand wird dann wieder nach vorne in
ihre normale Betriebsstellung gefahren.
Die Position dieser beweglichen Wand bestimmt die
Düsenöffnung und somit die Geschwindigkeit der Luft,
welche durch die Düse tritt, und zwar abhängig von dem
vorgegebenen Gesamtkühlluftdurchsatz und der
vorgegebenen Ablufteinstellung. Die Kraft zum
Verstrecken der Filamente nimmt zu, wenn die
Luftgeschwindigkeit zunimmt, so daß der Filament-Titer
ganz einfach durch Veränderung der Größe der
Düsenöffnung verändert werden kann. Der Titer des
Filamentes kann also bei der Erfindung ganz einfach
erhöht werden durch die folgenden Schritte:
- 1) Vergrößern der Düsenöffnung,
- 2) Verringern des Luftströmungsdurchsatzes durch die Düse,
- 3) Erhöhen des Abluftdurchsatzes.
Die Schritte 1) und 2) verringern die Verstreckungskraft
der Luft, Schritt 3) erhöht die Abkühlungsrate des
Polymers.
In allen Fällen überspannt die Düse die gesamte Breite
der Maschine. Deshalb wird die Verteilung der Filamente,
welche im wesentlichen der Verteilung der Düsenöffnungen
in der Spinnplatte entspricht, über die Maschinenbreite
hinweg den gesamten Weg bis zum Auslaß der Düse
aufrechterhalten.
Nach dem Verlassen der Düse können die Filamente auf einer
bewegten, mit Öffnungen versehenen Ablagefläche 38, wie
etwa einer endlosen Bahn oder einem Endlosriemen, zur
Bildung eines nichtgewebten Bahnmateriales gesammelt
werden. Durch Auswahl der Düsenöffnung und des Abstandes
zwischen Düse und Ablagefläche können die
Abmessungseigenschaft der Schlaufenbildung der
einzelnen Filamente kontrolliert werden, um die
Überlagerung der Einzelfilamente herzustellen. Dies
führt zu einem gewissen Maß gegenseitiger Verschlingung
und hinlänglicher Gleichförmigkeit beim resultierenden
Bahnmaterial, um die weitere Bearbeitung zu erleichtern,
wie etwa das Verdichten des Bahnmateriales am
Walzenspalt 40, das Bondieren am Walzenspalt 42 und sein
Aufwickeln.
In den Fig. 2 und 3 werden die Kühlkammer 24 und die
Düse 32 näher dargestellt. Der Spinnkopf 22 kann eine
herkömmliche Konstruktion aufweisen und derart
angeordnet sein, daß er Filamente 20 mit einem Abstand
von etwa 3,81 mm bis 14,22 mm aus in einer oder mehreren
Reihen mit gleichmäßigem Abstand über die volle Breite
der Maschine angeordneten Öffnungen 46 extrudiert und in
die Kühlkammer leitet. Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel ist
der Spinnkopf 22 aus der Düsenmittellinie in
Maschinenrichtung zur Kühlluftzufuhr 26 hin versetzt
angeordnet, um die durch das durchströmende
Kühlströmungsmittel bewirkte Ablenkung der Filamente
aufzunehmen. Das Kühlströmungsmittel wird unter einem
Winkel eingeleitet, der die
Hauptgeschwindigkeitskomponente in Richtung zum
Düseneingang aufweist. Das Kühlströmungsmittel kann
irgendein geeignetes Gas sein, aber aus Gründen der
Wirtschaftlichkeit ist Luft bevorzugt.
Der Grad der o. g. Versetzung des Spinnkopfes sollte so
gewählt werden, daß die Filamente in die Düse möglichst
ohne Berührung der gekrümmten Eintrittsfläche einlaufen
können. Die Abkühlung der Filamente soll bis auf eine
klebfreie Temperatur vor dem Eintritt in die Düse
stattgefunden haben. Dazu hat sich eine Mindestlänge der
Kühlkammer von 61 cm als ausreichend erwiesen, weil
diese eine geeignete Zeit zum Abkühlen einer großen
Anzahl von Filamenten bei hohen Produktionsraten
gestattet, ohne daß Luft mit bes. niedriger Temperatur
oder eine hohe Abluftströmung erforderlich sind. Die
verstellbare Düsenwand 36 ist zum Kühllufteinlaß 26 hin
um etwa 135° abgewinkelt. Die dadurch entstehende Kante
56 am Eintritt in die Düse ist geglättet, um den Bruch
von Filamenten zu verringern. Zur Verstellung der
Relativlagen der Wände 34 und 36 ist beispielsweise ein
Kolben 35 vorgesehen, der gelenkig an der Stelle 37 an
der Wand 36 befestigt ist. Um zu verhindern, daß sich
eine Zone mit Turbulenzen in der Kühlluft bildet, sind
in der Kühlkammer 24 beispielsweise Rippen 54 angeordnet,
die die gesamte Ecke ausfüllen, die durch die
abgelenkten Filamente gebildet ist. Die Abmessungen, ihr
Abstand und Anzahl hängen von verschiedenen Faktoren wie
der Kühlkammerbreite der Filamentablenkung usw. ab.
Beispielsweise kann ihre Dicke 3,18 mm und ihr Abstand
max. 19,05 mm betragen.
Die spezielle Düsenöffnung zwischen den Wänden 34 und 36
ist abhängig von den gewünschten Filamenteigenschaften
und Verfahrensparametern und kann für gewöhnlich im
Bereich von etwa 3,18 mm bis 25,4 mm liegen.
Im Austritt der Düse nimmt die mittlere
Luftgeschwindigkeit ab und innerhalb eines Abstandes von
etwa dem 20fachen der kleinen Abmessung der Düsenöffnung
erreicht die Verstreckkraft Null und die Spannung in den
Filamenten wird aufgehoben, was diese durch örtliche
turbulente Wirbel aus der Bahn bringen kann. Dies führt
zur Bildung unregelmäßiger Schlaufen im zu bildenden
Bahnmaterial und liefert hierbei ein Maß körperlicher
Überlagerung, das zur Erzeugung einer integrierten bzw.
einteiligen Bahn erforderlich ist. Diese
Schlaufenbildung weist eine charakteristische Größe auf,
welche durch die Düsenöffnung und den Abstand zu den
Öffnungen der Ablagefläche bestimmt ist. Bei einem
Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung sind die
Düsenwände 36 und 34 unterschiedlich lang. Der
Längenunterschied kann bis etwa 76,2 mm betragen und
bevorzugt zwischen 19,05 und 31,75 mm liegen. Diese
Anordnung fördert die regelmäßige und vorhersagbare
Filament-Wellenbewegung in Querrichtung zur Maschine,
was die Verschlingung der Bahn fördert und kurzzeitige
Unterbrechungen von Filamenten überdeckt, welche die
Düse verlassen. Dadurch ist die Schlaufenbildung
vollständig frei von großformatigen Komponenten,
insbesondere beim Betrieb mit hohen Erzeugungsraten,
beispielsweise 0,893 kg pro cm Maschinenbreite und
Stunde oder mehr. Filamente, die aus einer kleinen
Düsenöffnung z. B. von 3,18 mm kommen, und im Abstand
von 381 mm von der Düse abgelegt werden, weisen
Schlaufengrößen hauptsächlich im Bereich von etwa 3,18
bis 6,35 mm auf, wobei die größten Schlaufen der
Filamente nur etwa 25,4 mm betragen. Andererseits
liefert eine Düse von 12,7 mm Öffnungsweite größere
Schlaufen hauptsächlich in der Größe von 6,35 bis
12,7 mm.
Die Bildung kleiner Filamentschlaufen mit großer
Zuverlässigkeit bezüglich der Gleichmäßigkeit der
Schlaufenabmessung ist ein bes. Vorzug der Erfindung,
denn damit ist eine bes. Gleichmäßigkeit in der
Flächengewichtsverteilung erzielbar, wobei der Abstand
zwischen Düsenausgang und Ablage keine bes. Auswirkung
auf die Flächengewichtsverteilung in der Bahnbreite
aufweist, so daß diese nur von der Verteilung der Löcher
in der Spinnplatte abhängt.
Da die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung auch sehr
unempfindlich gegenüber Filamentbruch ist, können
Filamente versponnen werden, welche mit Pigmenten und
dgl. hochbeladen sind, was gefärbte und durch Additive
modifizierte Bahnen liefert.
Die nachfolgenden, speziellen Beispiele wurden auf einer
erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung mit den Parametern der
Tabelle, einer Länge des Kühlbereiches von 1,4224 m,
einer Düsenlänge von 1,016 m, und dem angegebenen
Kapillardurchsatz erzielt.
In der Tabelle bedeuten die senkrechten Spalten
- a) laufende Nummer des Beispieles
- b) ankommender Schmelzestrom (Polypropylen) (g/10 min)
- c) verarbeiteter Schmelzestrom (Polypropylen) (g/10 min)
- d) Schmelzetemperatur (°C)
- e) Düsenspalt (mm)
- f) Kühlluft (m³/min pro cm)
- g) Auspuffluft (m³/min pro cm)
- h) Kühllufttemperatur (°C)
- i) Durchsatz (g/Loch/min)
- j) Druck in der Kühlluftzuleitung (×133,3 Pa)
- k) Titer (×1,1 dtex)
- l) Zähigkeit (×0,9 g/dtex)
- m) Längung (%)
In Beispiel 4 wurde ein TiO₂-Pigment bis zu einem Maß
von 7,28 Gew.-% zugesetzt.
Im Beispiel 5 wurde Triton X-102 bis zu einem Maß von
0,8 Gew.-% zugesetzt.
Im Beispiel 27 war das verwendete Polymer Nylon 6.
Schallpegelmessungen wurden mit einem Düsenspalt von
6,35 mm und einem voll offenen Düsenspalt, bei einem
Hintergrundgeräusch von 80 bis 90 dB vorgenommen. In
Ohrenhöhe der Bedienungsperson (30,48 cm unterhalb der
Düsenöffnung) überschritt lediglich eine Messung mit
einem Wert von 100,5 das Maß von 100 dB. Die übrigen
Meßergebnisse lagen unter 90 dB.
Bevorzugte Anwendungsfälle sind die Herstellung von
Bahnen mit niedrigem Grundgewicht aus feinen
Polypropylenfilamenten von weniger als 5,5 dtex (5
Denier) und Punktbindung.
Claims (10)
1. Vorrichtung zum Bilden einer nicht gewebten Bahn aus
einem fließfähigen Material, mit einem Spinnkopf (22)
mit einer Kapillaranordnung, welcher eine oder mehrere
Reihen von mit engem Abstand angeordneten Filamenten
(20) aus dem fließfähigen Material bildet, einer
Kühlkammer (24) zur Verfestigung der Filamente innerhalb
der Kühlkammer, die sich über die Maschinenbreite
erstreckt, einer Quelle für ein Kühlströmungsmittel,
einem Einlaß (26) in der Kühlkammer (24) zum Einleiten
des Kühlströmungsmittels, einer Düse (32) zum
Verstrecken bzw. Ausziehen der Filamente und mit einer
Ablageeinrichtung (38) zum Aufnehmen der Filamente in
Form einer nicht gewebten Bahn,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Kühlströmungsmittel unter einem Überdruck
von weniger als 8,3×10⁴ Pa zuführbar ist, daß in
der Kühlkammer (24) der Einlaß (26) für das
Kühlströmungsmittel an der einen Seite der Filamente
(20) vorgesehen ist, und daß sich die Düse (32) als
Schlitzdüse über die Maschinenbreite erstreckt.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Kühlkammer (24) auf der dem Einlaß (26)
bezüglich der Filamente (20) gegenüberliegenden Seite
eine Auspufföffnung (28) zum Ableiten eines Teiles des
Kühlströmungsmittels aufweist.
3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Düse (32) an ihrem Einlaß an einer Seite durch
eine Wand (36) begrenzt ist, die einen Winkel (A) von
mindestens 135° unter Bildung einer glatten Kante (56)
einschließt.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß eine der die Düse (32) begrenzenden Wände (34, 36)
zum Verändern der Abmessungen der Düsenöffnung
verstellbar ist.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in der Kühlkammer (24) eine Einrichtung zum
Verringern der Turbulenz des Kühlströmungsmittels
vorgesehen ist.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die eine der die Düse (24) begrenzenden Wände (34,
36) austrittsseitig um bis zu 76,2 mm, bevorzugt
zwischen 19,05 mm und 31,75 mm, länger ist als die
andere.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Ablageeinrichtung (38) einen Mindestabstand von
der Düse (32) hat, der das 20fache der kleineren
Abmessung der Düsenöffnung beträgt.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die durch die Auspufföffnung (28) austretende Menge
des Kühlströmungsmittels veränderbar ist.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Spinnkopf (22) aus der Düsenmittellinie in
Maschinenrichtung zur Kühlluftzufuhr (26) hin versetzt
angeordnet ist.
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß zum Verringern der Turbulenz des
Kühlströmungsmittels Rippen (54) in der Kühlkammer (24)
vorgesehen sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/146,450 US4340563A (en) | 1980-05-05 | 1980-05-05 | Method for forming nonwoven webs |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3117737A1 DE3117737A1 (de) | 1982-02-11 |
DE3117737C2 true DE3117737C2 (de) | 1992-03-19 |
Family
ID=22517415
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19813117737 Granted DE3117737A1 (de) | 1980-05-05 | 1981-05-05 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bilden einer nichtgewebten bahn aus filamenten |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4340563A (de) |
JP (1) | JPS5735053A (de) |
KR (1) | KR840000196B1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU536472B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR8102691A (de) |
CA (1) | CA1160412A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3117737A1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2481719A1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB2077181B (de) |
IT (1) | IT1170940B (de) |
MX (1) | MX152986A (de) |
NL (1) | NL191892C (de) |
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-
1980
- 1980-05-05 US US06/146,450 patent/US4340563A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1981
- 1981-04-30 MX MX187098A patent/MX152986A/es unknown
- 1981-04-30 BR BR8102691A patent/BR8102691A/pt unknown
- 1981-05-02 KR KR1019810001522A patent/KR840000196B1/ko active
- 1981-05-04 IT IT48387/81A patent/IT1170940B/it active
- 1981-05-05 DE DE19813117737 patent/DE3117737A1/de active Granted
- 1981-05-05 CA CA000376887A patent/CA1160412A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-05 FR FR8108922A patent/FR2481719A1/fr active Granted
- 1981-05-05 AU AU70140/81A patent/AU536472B2/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-05 GB GB8113706A patent/GB2077181B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-06 NL NL8102208A patent/NL191892C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-05-06 JP JP6805181A patent/JPS5735053A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
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---|---|
NL191892C (nl) | 1996-10-04 |
GB2077181A (en) | 1981-12-16 |
MX152986A (es) | 1986-07-14 |
GB2077181B (en) | 1983-09-28 |
IT8148387A0 (it) | 1981-05-04 |
KR830006510A (ko) | 1983-09-28 |
IT1170940B (it) | 1987-06-03 |
JPS5735053A (en) | 1982-02-25 |
NL191892B (nl) | 1996-06-03 |
FR2481719B1 (de) | 1983-05-06 |
BR8102691A (pt) | 1982-01-26 |
NL8102208A (nl) | 1981-12-01 |
AU536472B2 (en) | 1984-05-10 |
CA1160412A (en) | 1984-01-17 |
AU7014081A (en) | 1981-11-12 |
FR2481719A1 (fr) | 1981-11-06 |
KR840000196B1 (ko) | 1984-02-28 |
JPS646305B2 (de) | 1989-02-02 |
DE3117737A1 (de) | 1982-02-11 |
US4340563A (en) | 1982-07-20 |
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