DE3315258A1 - Spiral ring heating boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

Gas heating furnace with a combustion space with at least one flue connected to it and, surrounding this as a heating register and separated from it by a heat exchange wall, a casing for a heat transfer medium, the heat exchange wall (13) being arranged in the form of a logarithmic spiral with a horizontal axis and being directly connected to the flue as an energy dispenser and/or energy carrier. <IMAGE>

Description

SpilalrinO boiler

The invention relates to a gas heating furnace with a combustion chamber with at least an adjoining flue gas duct and a surrounding it as a heating register Jacket of a heat dissipation medium, which is separated from one another by a heat exchange wall are.

Gas heating stoves of the type mentioned are so well known that there are no printed proof is required for this. They are usually, for example in the case of a coal-fired central heating boiler, with a standing, equipped with vertical ribs having heating register that the Enclosing the combustion chamber of the furnace at least laterally and at the top.

-There are also so-called gas boilers for warm or hot water preparation known, which is often a heat exchanger system with a pipe register with standing or have tubes arranged in circular turns.

Known water heater systems of the types mentioned are mostly designed for exhaust gas temperatures between 180 and 2500 C, especially with consideration on the cost-determining order of magnitude of the heat exchanger surfaces and, at the same time, on Avoidance of falling below the dew point in the exhaust gas.

In the course of the rise in energy prices, many attempts are currently being made to achieve this Boilers or thermal baths also have heat exchanger systems for radical degradation the exhaust gas temperatures or to be assigned, with a sulphurous acidic condensate and a fan to compensate for the reduced thermal draft of the forge must be used. This measure has the advantage of increased heat gain or reduced heat losses and reduced S02 emissions. On the other hand, increase with it at least.

least the investment costs and the effort for assembly.

The task is thus to create a hot water heater for collective heating systems or for water heating of the type mentioned at the beginning with a maximum possible Indicate efficiency, which is possibly so high that practically corresponding the drop in temperature and falling below the dew point a complete elimination the excess moisture contained in the flue gas in the condensate and a almost complete transfer of the primary thermal energy into the water takes place, which on the one hand saves heating energy and on the other hand the flue gas dry and largely desulphurized reaches the forge.

The boiler should also be extremely compact and largely undemanding index maintenance and assembly, space-saving and, moreover, with the most economical, can be produced economically. The water heater should continue despite being at maximum Requirements in terms of the thermal economy are so compact and closed in its shape so that it can be used, for example, as a gas boiler for floor central heating systems suitable.

The object is achieved with an arrangement according to the invention in that in a water heater of the type mentioned, comprising a combustion chamber with at least one adjoining flue gas duct and one this as a heating register surrounding the water jacket, which is passed through a heat exchange wall are separated from each other, the heat exchange wall in the form of a spiral with horizontal Axis is arranged.

As a result of this design, the water heater advantageously forms a compact, self-contained heat exchange system with in relation to its external dimensions maximum effective heat exchange surfaces. It is proposed as an expedient embodiment that the spiral has the shape of a logarithmic spiral, and that the heat exchange wall is formed by a surface whose surface parts are parallel to the axis of the spiral from one end of the heater to its other end extend and / or the spiral-shaped heat exchanger walls parallel or conical to one another are arranged.

In order to optimize the heat transfer, it is an expedient design suggested that the heating register be a double-walled, preferably narrow lamella and is wound up in the form of a spiral, in the central area of which the combustion chamber is located is arranged.

Thanks to this central arrangement, which is completely surrounded by the heating register the combustion chamber ensures that practically no radiation losses at all occur, which already has significant advantages in terms of thermal economy be achieved.

This beneficial effect is further improved by the fact that the Combustion chamber subsequent smoke flue as a double-walled, preferably also narrow one Lamella is formed and wound in the form of a spiral that defines the combustion chamber, to which it connects, surrounds in a spiral shape.

Further useful refinements provide that the combustion chamber of an approximately spiral-shaped wall with a horizontal spiral axis is formed that the flue is formed by at least two spiral passages, and that it is at the zenith of the outer spiral passage with a tangential outlet slot horizontally into one to the Spir -] - axis Collector arranged in parallel opens, wherein a flue gas fan or other conveying device in the head of the collector housing is arranged for the removal of gas. The integration of the flue gas fan in the head of the collector housing instead of a common arrangement outside of the same leads to an extremely compact overall design of the heater with strict avoidance of heat losses as well as reducing manufacturing and assembly costs.

An essential to the invention and, in a surprising way, to the heat-economical sees favorable operating results in a particularly beneficial way before that the water entry into the heating register at the upper zenith of the heating register spiral and the water outlet is arranged at the lower inner zenith of the same, in such a way, that at the heat exchange wall the heat exchange between gas and water in countercurrent he follows.

Because of this, as a result of the design according to the invention, strictly in the Countercurrent operation is known to have a high level of efficiency achieved during heat exchange.

Further expedient refinements result according to the Features of claims 11 to 16. Here is a particular advantage of the invention Design according to claim 15 to be mentioned that the heat transfer system on the end faces the spiral ducts are closed with removable covers, which after removal of a uncomplicated inspection or cleaning the corridors of the flue gas duct enable. This results in an above-average ease of maintenance of the device, which also enables laypeople, for optimal operation at all times to care.

In the following, the invention and its advantages are illustrated using an exemplary embodiment explained in more detail in the drawing.

They show: FIG. 1 a heat transfer system of the water heater, in front view, without housing and with the front cover removed, in perspective Representation, Figure 2 is a side view of the water heater according to FIG. 1, in pure schematic representation, as well as partly in section, Figure 3 is a perspective View of the water heater from the burner side, FIG. 4 a perspective View of the complete burner insert, FIG. 5 a section from the heat exchanger wall, on average in natural size.

In FIG. 1, there is the heat exchange system 29 of the water heater 30 (Fig. 3) without surrounding thermal insulation and without external cladding shown. The combustion chamber 10 is located approximately in the center of the tubular body, which is arranged with an approximately horizontal central axis X-X (Fig. 2). The combustion chamber 10 is limited radially outward by the heating register 7. This is double-walled narrow lamella and wound around the combustion chamber in the form of a spiral. The heating register 7 forms three spiral turns 31. Starting from the combustion chamber 10 runs a flue gas 9, also designed as a double-walled narrow lamella, in the form of a spiral with two spiral turns 32 between the turns 31 of the heating register 7. The flue gas 9 emerges from the combustion chamber tangentially with initially horizontal Direction and ends at the upper zenith of the outer spiral flight 32 with a tangential Outlet slot 33. This opens into the collecting channel 15, in the head part of the Exhaust fan 16 with outlet nozzle 18 is arranged. The combustion chamber 10 with to the.

subsequent flue gas 9 and this in the form of a water jacket surrounding heating registers 7 are separated from one another by a common heat exchange wall 13 separated. In an embodiment essential to the invention, this is in the form of a spiral arranged with horizontal axis X-X. It is approximately a logarithmic one Spiral. In an embodiment that is also essential to the invention, the water inlet is of the colder return 17 at the upper zenith of the spiral heating register 7 is provided and the exit of the heated water, as shown purely schematically by the arrow 14 indicated, at the lower end of the heating register 7 in the upper zenith of the combustion chamber lO. This results in, according to the flow arrows 34 for the water and 35 a real countercurrent for the flue gas within the heat exchange system 29. As a result, an optimal heat transfer is achieved, not least because of the the narrow lamellar shape of the spiral threads 31 and 32 to such an extensive heat exchange leads to the fact that the flue gas is cooled approximately against the water temperature. Consequently condensation occurs in the flue 9 or the corridors 32, and it forms sulphurous condensate. In order to be able to drain this, the condensate drain is necessary 11 provided. On the other hand, arise in the hot water spirals 31 of the heating register 7 gases that collect in the upper zenith of corridors 31. As a result, there is ~ ventilation the hot water courses 31 a heating register. Ventilation of the hot water courses 31 a Heating register ventilation 12 is provided, which, as known per se, means for automatic Has ventilation.

Because of the aforementioned formation of sulfuric acid condensate is also the water and flue gas separating heat exchange wall 13, which both the heating register 7 as well as the flue 9 is made entirely of stainless steel or made of corrosion-resistant aluminum.

In the illustration according to FIG. 1, which is essentially purely schematic Functional representation is intended, the burner is not shown. Only the Space for the intended combustion tube 5 is shown in dashed lines, as well as that in the case Combustion air access necessary for installing the burner 19.

FIG. 2 shows the heat exchange system 29 in an illustration from FIG the side. The same functional elements are denoted by the same reference symbols. The illustration shows the extremely compact design of the heat exchange system 29 recognizable, which is a significant advantage for this over known Heat exchange systems results. FIG. 2 also shows the two cleaning covers on the end face 2 and 2 ', with which the heat exchange system 29 is detachably closed. the Arrangement of this cover gives a very special advantage for the revision and Maintenance of the device, which is easily possible even for a layperson. Because in the system due to the arrangement of the belly gas fan 16 relative to the outside atmosphere a slight negative pressure is maintained, the lid needs to be sealed no increased demands to be made, which is why simple, with few Handles operable closures are provided for insertion or removal. The water heater also has a 7 at the lowest point of the heating register normally closed drain 22.

The structure of the water heater 30 with complete cladding 3 and the cover 2 attached to the end and the burner system 36 inserted Figure 3. This includes a gas connection 1 with the quick-acting valve 6, a Burner bar 4 with the combustion tube 5. To adjust the load of the burner system 36 is a thermostat-controlled motor 23 is provided. On the one hand, this actuates a gas throttle 24 and with a mechanically connected control linkage 25 the opening width of the Combustion air supply 26.

This in itself for a water heater relatively comfortable thermostatically controlled Regulation of the burner system 36 results in the very advantageous possibility of instead the hitherto mostly usual min / max dropout regulation the heater according to the specified Operate hot water setpoint. Through this, and in conjunction with the extremely low exhaust gas temperatures, results with the water heater according to the invention compared to previously common water heater systems, a fuel saving between 15 and 25%.

Figure 4 shows the burner system 36 in an enlarged view.

The bracket connecting the individual elements is used to build it up 20. The combustion air supply 26 can be seen in the form of a multitude of evenly distributed ones Openings, which are made by a (not visible) slide control with the help of the air adjustment rod 25 can be set to be changeable. This is done through the connection with the gas throttle 24 maintained a balanced air / gas ratio, as is known per se.

FIG. 5 shows a realistic scale Size ratio a section of the heat exchange system 29. With the number 8 is the hot water side, while number 9 is assigned to the flue is. As can be seen, the common heat exchange wall 13 separates flue gas 9 and hot water 8. As already mentioned, these flow along this heat exchange wall 13 in countercurrent. To increase the heat transfer area and to generate heat transfer the Turbulence are incorporated into the heat exchange wall 13 knobs 27, which may be are arranged offset, so that the flowing media on meandering paths flow around these knobs 27. Vortex braids are generated, as local Turbulence significantly increases the heat transfer. This results in manufacturing technology an advantage in that the frontal touching knobs 27 by spot welding 28 can be connected to each other, thereby fulfilling the set Task an extraordinarily economical production possibility with the result of a high quality.

Accordingly, the water heater according to the invention meets after Invention the object on which the invention is based in an ideal manner in terms of extremely economical function in terms of operating behavior, in terms of economical production possibility, as well as uncomplicated maintenance.

The principle according to the invention can also be used for heating Use air as a heat transfer medium, whereby to improve heat conduction the jacket 13 on the air side ribs, knobs, or other enlarging the surface area May have elevations. The furnace then transfers the heat from the flue gases directly to hot air, which can be directed into the rooms to be heated.

In a further embodiment, the heat exchange walls can also be on both sides Have ribs and / or knobs and / or another configuration with which the surface is enlarged to improve the heat transfer.

Claims (19)

Claims: Gas heating furnace with a combustion chamber with at least one adjoining smoke flue and a jacket surrounding it as a heating register a heat dissipation medium separated from one another by a heat exchange wall are, characterized in that the heat exchange wall (13) is in the form of a spiral is arranged and in direct connection with the smoke exhaust as an energy donor and / or Energy carrier is arranged. 2. Gas heating furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the spiral arranged with a horizontal axis (X - X) and preferably a logarithmic one Spiral is. 3. Gas heating furnace according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the heat exchange wall (13) is formed by a surface, the surface parts of which are parallel to the axis (X - X) of the spiral from one end of the heater (30) to its other end face and / or the spiral heat exchanger walls (13) are arranged parallel or conically to one another. 4. Gas heating furnace according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that the heating register (7) as a double-walled, preferably narrow Lamella is formed and wound in the form of a spiral, in the central Area of the combustion chamber (10) is arranged. 5. Gas heating furnace according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that the smoke duct (9) adjoining the combustion chamber (10) is a double-walled, preferably formed narrow lamella and wound in the form of a spiral which spirally surrounds the combustion chamber (10) to which it connects. 6. Gas heating furnace according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized in that the combustion chamber (10) is surrounded by an approximately spiral-shaped wall (13) is formed with a horizontal spiral axis (X - X), and that the smoke outlet (9) as Energy donor and / or energy carrier tangential from the zenith of the combustion chamber (10) branching in a spiral shape around the combustion chamber (10). 7. Gas heating furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that the flue (9) at the zenith of the outer spiral passage with a tangential outlet slot (33) horizontally in a collector (15) arranged parallel to the spiral axis (X - X) joins. 8. Gas heating furnace according to claim 7, characterized in that in the head of the collector housing a flue gas fan (16) or another conveying device for Removal of gas is arranged. 9. Gas heating furnace according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized characterized in that the media inlet (17) into the heating register (7) at the upper zenith the heating register spiral (31) and the media outlet (14) at the lower inner zenith the same is arranged in such a way that the heat exchange at the heat exchange walls takes place between the energy donor and energy carrier in countercurrent (34, 35). 10. Gas heating furnace according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the heating register (7) is formed by at least three spiral flights (31), wherein the outer spiral thread closes off the heat transfer system of the heater from the outside. 11. Gas heating furnace according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized characterized in that in each case in the lower zenith of a spiral passage (32) of the flue (9) a condensate drain (11) is arranged. 12. Gas heating furnace according to one or more of claims 1 until 11, characterized in that in each case in the upper zenith of a spiral thread (31) the heating register (7) is connected to a ventilation device (12). 13. Gas heating furnace according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that in the combustion chamber (10) a pull-out insert (36) comprising a burner with fuel (1) and combustion air supply (26) and preferably with a thermostat-controlled one Load control (23, 24, 25) is arranged, and that the burner is preferably a gas burner is used. 14. Gas heating furnace according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized characterized in that the heat transfer system (29) of the heater (30) at the end faces the spiral ducts (31, 32) is closed with removable covers (2, 2 '), which according to Acceptance of an inspection or Allow cleaning of the passages (32) of the smoke flue (9). 15. Gas heating furnace according to one or more of claims 1 to 14, characterized characterized in that the heat exchange wall (13) is equipped with knobs (27). 16. Gas heating furnace according to one or more of claims 1 to 15, characterized characterized in that the heat exchange wall (13) made of stainless steel or corrosion-resistant aluminum is made. 17. Gas heating furnace according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that that the heat removal medium is water. 18. Gas heating furnace according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that that the heat removal medium is air. 19. Gas heating furnace according to claim 18, characterized in that the Heat exchange walls on both sides ribs and / or knobs and / or a different design has, with which the surface is enlarged to improve the heat transfer will.