DE3316258A1 - Electrochemical pressure transducer - Google Patents

Electrochemical pressure transducer

Info

Publication number
DE3316258A1
DE3316258A1 DE19833316258 DE3316258A DE3316258A1 DE 3316258 A1 DE3316258 A1 DE 3316258A1 DE 19833316258 DE19833316258 DE 19833316258 DE 3316258 A DE3316258 A DE 3316258A DE 3316258 A1 DE3316258 A1 DE 3316258A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
electrochemical
pressure transducer
electrodes
electrolyte
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE19833316258
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE3316258C2 (en
Inventor
Harald Dr.phil.nat. 6246 Glashütten Böhm
Robert Dr.rer.nat. 8752 Laufach Fleischmann
Reinhard Dipl.-Ing. 6054 Rodgau Seyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elster Kromschroeder GmbH
Original Assignee
Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH filed Critical Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Priority to DE19833316258 priority Critical patent/DE3316258A1/en
Publication of DE3316258A1 publication Critical patent/DE3316258A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3316258C2 publication Critical patent/DE3316258C2/de
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/025—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic actuated by thermo-electric means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/005—Electro-chemical actuators; Actuators having a material for absorbing or desorbing gas, e.g. a metal hydride; Actuators using the difference in osmotic pressure between fluids; Actuators with elements stretchable when contacted with liquid rich in ions, with UV light, with a salt solution
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G12—INSTRUMENT DETAILS
    • G12B—CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF INSTRUMENTS, OR COMPARABLE DETAILS OF OTHER APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G12B1/00—Sensitive elements capable of producing movement or displacement for purposes not limited to measurement; Associated transmission mechanisms therefor
    • G12B1/04—Hollow bodies having parts which are deformable or displaceable under pressure, e.g. Bourdon tube, bellows

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrochemical pressure transducer which can advantageously be used as an actuator and does not require any holding power, as is the case with electrically heated expansion elements used for changing the position of radiator valves. The electrochemical pressure transducer is characterised in that the pressure is built up or reduced by a reversible electrochemical evolution of gas in a sealed gas chamber and is converted into a movement and/or a force; the transducer comprises an expansion element (1) influenced by an electrochemical system and an electrochemical system which is assigned to the latter and has two electrodes (3, 9) with an electrolyte (2) situated between the latter (Fig. 1). <IMAGE>

Description

Elektrochemischer Druckwandler Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen elektrochemischen Druckwandler nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.Electrochemical Pressure Transducer The invention relates to a electrochemical pressure transducer according to the preamble of claim 1.

Herkömmlich elektrisch gesteuerte Heizkörperventile bewirken eine Änderung der Ventilstellung durch die Ausdehnung eines elektrisch geheizten Ausdehnungskörpers. Das bedeutet, daß für die Aufrechterhaltung des aktiven Zustands stetig Energie zugeführt werden muß, um durch eine gezielte Übertemperatur die gewünschte Ausdehnung zu erreichen.Conventionally electrically controlled radiator valves cause one Change of valve position through the expansion of an electrically heated expansion body. This means that there is constant energy to maintain the active state must be supplied in order to achieve the desired expansion through a targeted excess temperature to reach.

Wird die elektrische Heizung des Ausdehnungskörpers abgeschaltet, so bewirkt die Abkühlung, daß sich der Körper zusammenzieht, und damit das Ventil in den passiven Schaltzustand übergeht. In welchem der beiden Zustände das Ventil schließt bzw. öffnet, wird durch den konstruktiven Aufbau der Anordnung bestimmt.If the electrical heating of the expansion body is switched off, so the cooling causes the body to contract and with it the valve goes into the passive switching state. In which of the two states the valve closes or opens, is determined by the structural design of the arrangement.

Dem Vorteil, daß die Verstellung einfach, verschleißarm und damit zuverlässig sowie wartungsfrei durchgeführt werden kann, steht als Nachteil gegenüber, daß zur Aufrechterhaltung des aktiven Zustandes ständig elektrische Energie zugeführt werden muß.The advantage that the adjustment is simple, low-wear and therefore can be carried out reliably and maintenance-free, has the disadvantage that that to maintain the active state constantly supplied electrical energy must become.

Weiterhin besteht die Möglichkeit, die Ventilstellung durch einen Elektromotor in Verbindung mi einem Getriebe vdrzunehmen. Dieses Verfahren besitzt den Vorteil, daß es keine Halteenergie benötigt. Durch die Vielzahl der bewegten Teile können bei häufigem Wechsel des Ventilzustandes Verschleißerscheinungen auftreten.There is also the option of adjusting the valve position by a Electric motor can be used in conjunction with a gearbox. This procedure possesses the advantage that it does not require any holding energy. Due to the multitude of moving If the valve status changes frequently, parts can show signs of wear.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Stellglied zu schaffen, das in seinem Aufbau einfach ist und keine Halteenergie benötigt.The invention is based on the object of creating an actuator which is simple in its structure and does not require any holding energy.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die gekennzeichneten Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterized features of claim 1 solved.

Die Erfindung ist mit Vorteil als Ersatz für Ausdehnungsregler, Stellmotore und Positioniereinrichtungen usw. anwendbar.The invention is advantageous as a replacement for expansion controllers, servomotors and positioning devices, etc. are applicable.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. Es zeigen Fig. 1 eine Schnittansicht des elektrochemischen Druckwandlers, Fig. 2 die genauere Ausbildung des elektrochemischen Systems des Druckwandlers, Fig. 3 eine andere Ausbildung des elektrochemischen Systems des Druckwandlers, Fig. 4 eine weitere Ausbildung des elektrochemischen Systems des Druckwandlers.The invention is illustrated schematically below with reference to one in the drawing illustrated embodiment explained in more detail. 1 shows a sectional view of the electrochemical pressure transducer, Fig. 2 the more precise design of the electrochemical System of the pressure transducer, Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the electrochemical system of the pressure transducer, FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the electrochemical system of the pressure transducer.

Wie aus der Fig. 1 ersichtlich, kann der Druckwandler 10 durch einen zylindrischen Ausdehnungskörper 1 gebildet werden, in dessen Innenraum 6 Luft dicht eingeschlossen ist. Die Stirnseite 5 dieses Ausdehnungskzrpers 1 ist durch einen Festkörperelektrolyten 2 gebildet, der in der Lage ist, beispielsweise den Sauerstoff der Luft zu ionisieren und mit Hilfe eines angelegten Stromes I als Ion in den Elektrolyten 2 zu befördern. Die Oberflächen des Elektrolyten 2 sind mit je einer luftdurchlässigen Elektrode 3 beschichtet. In Abhängigkeit von der Stromrichtung wandert der Sauerstoff in den abgeschlossenen Innenraum 6 des Körpers 1. Er bewirkt damit eine Druckzunahme und eine Ausdehnung des Körpers 1. Die Dehnung bewirkt beispielsweise eine Verstellung eines vom Druckwandler 10 zu betätigenden Stößels 4 auf ein Ventil 7.As can be seen from Fig. 1, the pressure transducer 10 by a cylindrical expansion body 1 are formed, in the interior 6 air tight is included. The end face 5 of this expansion body 1 is through a Solid electrolyte 2 is formed, which is capable of, for example, the oxygen to the air ionize and with the help of an applied current I. to be transported as an ion into the electrolyte 2. The surfaces of the electrolyte 2 are each coated with an air-permeable electrode 3. Depending on the In the direction of flow, the oxygen migrates into the closed interior space 6 of the body 1. It causes an increase in pressure and an expansion of the body 1. The expansion causes, for example, an adjustment of one to be actuated by the pressure transducer 10 Plunger 4 on a valve 7.

Wird der Strom I abgeschaltet, bleibt der Druck und somit die Ventilstellung auch ohne weitere Energiezufuhr erhalten. Kehrt man die Stromrichtung um, so werden die Sauerstoffmoleküle in entgegengesetzter Richtung aus dem Innenraum 6 des Körpers 1 herausbefördert und der Überdruck im Innern abgebaut. Der Körper 1 zieht sich wieder zusammen und das Ventil 7 wechselt damit seinen Schaltzustand.If the current I is switched off, the pressure and thus the valve position remain obtained even without additional energy supply. If the direction of the current is reversed, so will the oxygen molecules in the opposite direction from the interior 6 of the body 1 is conveyed out and the overpressure inside is reduced. The body 1 pulls itself together again and the valve 7 thus changes its switching state.

Auch zur Erhaltung dieses Zustandes wird keine elektrische Energie mehr benötigt.No electrical energy is used to maintain this state either more needed.

Weitere Anwendungsmöglichkeiten bestehen in der Verwendung als elektrisch gesteuerter Antrieb für Lüftungsklappen, Ventile in anderen System und Positioniereinrichtungen.Other possible applications are the use as electrical controlled drive for ventilation flaps, valves in other systems and positioning devices.

Die Erfindung ist auch auf Wasserstoffreaktionen, Flüssigkeit/Gas- und Festkörper/Gasumsetzungen anwendbar.The invention is also applicable to hydrogen reactions, liquid / gas and solid / gas conversions applicable.

Eine Festkörperreaktion geht von der reversiblen Zersetzung verschiedener Metalloxide aus, wie sie beispielsweise bei sekundären Zn/Luft-Zellen angewendet wird, wie eine derartige in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist.A solid-state reaction is based on the reversible decomposition of various Metal oxides, such as those used in secondary Zn / air cells becomes, as such is shown in FIG.

In einem geschlossenen System ist eine Metallhydroxidelektrode 22 über einen alkalischen Matrixelektrolyten 24 einer Sauerstoffelektrode 25, 26 gegenübergestellt Der Ladevorgang Gesamtreaktion: erzeugt einen erhöhten Gasdruck, der eine Kraft auf eine Federstahlmembran 27 ausübt. Die Umkehrung der Reaktion führt wieder zum Druckabbau und zur Rückstellung der fedetstahimembran 27. Das Kunststoffgehäuse 21 und die Federstahlmembran 27 sind durch die Dichtung 23 so miteinander verbunden, daß sich ein gasdichter Raum 28 ergibt.In a closed system, a metal hydroxide electrode 22 is opposed to an oxygen electrode 25, 26 via an alkaline matrix electrolyte 24. The charging process Overall reaction: generates an increased gas pressure which exerts a force on a spring steel diaphragm 27. The reversal of the reaction again leads to the pressure reduction and the resetting of the spring steel membrane 27. The plastic housing 21 and the spring steel membrane 27 are connected to one another by the seal 23 in such a way that a gas-tight space 28 results.

Nickeloxidhydrat- und Wasserzersetzung sind die Grundreaktionen einer reversiblen Wasserstoffzelle, wie sie in Fig. 3 dargestellt ist.Nickel oxide hydrate and water decomposition are the basic reactions of one reversible hydrogen cell, as shown in FIG. 3.

Seim Ladevorgang Gesamtreaktion: entsteht ein Wasserstoffdruck, der ebenfalls über eine Federstahlmembran 31, 37 eine Ventilschaltung durchführen kann. Zweckmäßig wird die Innenseite des Federstahis 31 mit Schwarznickel und einer kunststoffgebundenen Aktivkohleschicht 33 beschichtet; ferner sind vorgesehen ein teilweise festgelegter alkalischer Elektrolyt 34 und eine Nickelhydroxidgegenelektrode 35 auf einer stabilen Kunststoffgrundplatte 36. Zwischen den Membranen 31, 37 ist eine Dichtung 32 angeordnet.Se while charging Overall reaction: a hydrogen pressure is created, which can also switch the valve via a spring steel membrane 31, 37. The inside of the spring steel 31 is expediently coated with black nickel and a plastic-bonded activated carbon layer 33; Furthermore, a partially fixed alkaline electrolyte 34 and a nickel hydroxide counter-electrode 35 are provided on a stable plastic base plate 36. A seal 32 is arranged between the membranes 31, 37.

Fig. 4 zeigt ein System mit einer WL-Elektrode und einem SPE-Elektrolyten. Das System ist eingeschlossen zwischen einer Federstahlmembran 47 und einer Kunststoffplatte 41, die mittels einer Dichtung 43 verbunden sind; mit 42 ist die elektrische Ableitung der 02-Elektrode 44 bezeichnet; die Kunststoffplatte 41 ist mit einem Luftdruckausgleich 48 versehen.4 shows a system with a WL electrode and an SPE electrolyte. The system is enclosed between a spring steel diaphragm 47 and a plastic plate 41 connected by means of a seal 43; at 42 is the electrical derivation denotes 02 electrode 44; the plastic plate 41 is with an air pressure compensation 48 provided.

Wasserstoff- und Sauerstoffentwicklung ergeben sich in einem System, in dem eine Wolframcarbidelektrode 46 über einem SPE-Elektrolyten 45 (Solid Polymer-Electrolyte) mit einer Kohle/Pt-Luftelektrode 44 gekoppelt ist: WC Kohle/Pt: Hier können beide Gasräume hermetisch verschlossen oder der Sauerstoffgasraum zur Atmosphäre hin geöffnet sein.Hydrogen and oxygen are generated in a system in which a tungsten carbide electrode 46 is coupled to a carbon / Pt air electrode 44 via an SPE electrolyte 45 (solid polymer electrolyte): WC carbon / Pt: Here both gas spaces can be hermetically sealed or the oxygen gas space can be opened to the atmosphere.

Die reversible Wasserzersetzung ist verantwortlich für uie Schaltdruckänderungen.The reversible water decomposition is responsible for the changes in switching pressure.

Claims (5)

Elektrochemischer Druckwandler Patentansprüche 1 Ç Elektrochemischer Druckwandler, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druck durch eine reversible elektrochemische Gasentwicklung in einem abgeschlossenen Gasraum auf-oder abgebaut wird und in eine Bewegung und/oder eine Kraft umgesetzt wird. Electrochemical pressure transducer Patent claims 1 Ç Electrochemical Pressure transducer, characterized in that the pressure is changed by a reversible electrochemical Gas development is built up or broken down in a closed gas space and in a Movement and / or a force is implemented. 2. Elektrochemischer Druckwandler nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch einen von einem elektrochemischen System beeinflußten Ausdehnungskörper (1; 21, 27; 31, 37; 41, 47) und ein diesem zugeordnetes elektrochemisches System mit zwei Elektroden (3, 9; 22, 27; 31, 37; 44, 47), zwischen denen ein Elektrolyt angeordnet ist. 2. Electrochemical pressure transducer according to claim 1, characterized by an expansion body influenced by an electrochemical system (1; 21, 27; 31, 37; 41, 47) and an associated electrochemical system two electrodes (3, 9; 22, 27; 31, 37; 44, 47), between which an electrolyte is arranged is. 3. Elektrochemischer Druckwandler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine mit dem Gasraum (28) in Verbindung stehende Festkörperelektrode (22) reversibel zersetzt wird. 3. Electrochemical pressure transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that that a solid-state electrode (22) connected to the gas space (28) is reversible is decomposed. 4. Elektrochemischer Druckwandler nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine der Elektroden als Federstahlmembran (31) ausgebildet ist, die gasraumseitig mit einem katalytisch aktiven Material (33) beschichtet ist.4. Electrochemical pressure transducer according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that that one of the electrodes is designed as a spring steel membrane (31), the gas chamber side is coated with a catalytically active material (33). 5. Elektrochemischer Druckwandler nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine der Elektroden als Sauerstoffelektrode (44) ausgebildet ist, die mit der Atmosphäre in Verbindung steht.5. Electrochemical pressure transducer according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that that one of the electrodes is designed as an oxygen electrode (44) with the Atmosphere.
DE19833316258 1983-05-04 1983-05-04 Electrochemical pressure transducer Granted DE3316258A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833316258 DE3316258A1 (en) 1983-05-04 1983-05-04 Electrochemical pressure transducer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833316258 DE3316258A1 (en) 1983-05-04 1983-05-04 Electrochemical pressure transducer

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DE3316258A1 true DE3316258A1 (en) 1984-11-08
DE3316258C2 DE3316258C2 (en) 1988-01-21

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0204872A1 (en) * 1985-06-07 1986-12-17 Henri J.R. Maget Electrochemical prime mover
WO1988004750A1 (en) * 1986-12-18 1988-06-30 Gebhard Satzinger Gmbh & Co. Electrochemical gas generation system for the transport of fluid media
EP0470743A1 (en) * 1990-08-06 1992-02-12 Baxter International Inc. Electrochemical control valve
DE19539257C1 (en) * 1995-10-21 1996-10-31 Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag Structural element e.g. for incorporation in the surface of an aircraft wing
WO1999040352A1 (en) * 1998-02-06 1999-08-12 Walter Sticht Control element, especially a pneumatic valve
WO2002063191A1 (en) * 2001-02-08 2002-08-15 Cooper Cameron Corporation Valve system
WO2003052309A1 (en) * 2001-12-19 2003-06-26 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Pneumatically actuated multiway valve and a refrigeration unit comprising a multiway valve
US7433214B2 (en) 2001-09-19 2008-10-07 Cameron International Corporation DC converter
US7453170B2 (en) 2001-09-19 2008-11-18 Cameron International Corporation Universal energy supply system
US7576447B2 (en) 2000-10-30 2009-08-18 Cameron International Corporation Control and supply system
US7759827B2 (en) 2001-09-19 2010-07-20 Cameron International Corporation DC voltage converting device having a plurality of DC voltage converting units connected in series on an input side and in parallel on an output side
US8106536B2 (en) 2001-09-19 2012-01-31 Cameron International Corporation Universal power supply system
US8212410B2 (en) 2002-11-12 2012-07-03 Cameron International Corporation Electric control and supply system
WO2021173079A1 (en) * 2020-02-25 2021-09-02 Nanyang Technological University Electrochemical pneumatic battery

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4116739C1 (en) * 1991-05-23 1992-07-02 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De
DE19544805C1 (en) * 1995-12-01 1997-06-12 Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag Electrochemical setting element using electrochemical cell pair e.g. for ventilation flaps, and aircraft control surfaces
DE29925002U1 (en) 1998-12-22 2008-06-19 Applera Corp. (n.d.Ges.d. Staates Delaware), Foster City thermocycler
DE19859586C1 (en) * 1998-12-22 2000-07-13 Mwg Biotech Ag Thermal cycler device
US7020271B2 (en) 2003-06-12 2006-03-28 Barbara Isabel Hummel Ring control device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1245170B (en) * 1964-08-03 1967-07-20 Hans Simon Pressure transducer
CH522252A (en) * 1970-03-13 1972-06-15 Landis & Gyr Ag Thermal drive device for actuating valves or control units
DE3224731A1 (en) * 1982-07-02 1984-01-05 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER WITH GAS-SHAPED WORKING AGENT

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1245170B (en) * 1964-08-03 1967-07-20 Hans Simon Pressure transducer
CH522252A (en) * 1970-03-13 1972-06-15 Landis & Gyr Ag Thermal drive device for actuating valves or control units
DE3224731A1 (en) * 1982-07-02 1984-01-05 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER WITH GAS-SHAPED WORKING AGENT

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0204872A1 (en) * 1985-06-07 1986-12-17 Henri J.R. Maget Electrochemical prime mover
WO1988004750A1 (en) * 1986-12-18 1988-06-30 Gebhard Satzinger Gmbh & Co. Electrochemical gas generation system for the transport of fluid media
EP0470743A1 (en) * 1990-08-06 1992-02-12 Baxter International Inc. Electrochemical control valve
DE19539257C1 (en) * 1995-10-21 1996-10-31 Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag Structural element e.g. for incorporation in the surface of an aircraft wing
US6494432B1 (en) 1998-02-06 2002-12-17 Walter Sticht Control element, especially a pneumatic valve
US6676107B2 (en) 1998-02-06 2004-01-13 Walter Sticht Control element, especially a pneumatic valve
EP1400738A3 (en) * 1998-02-06 2006-03-29 Walter Sticht Switch element, in particular a pneumatic valve
WO1999040352A1 (en) * 1998-02-06 1999-08-12 Walter Sticht Control element, especially a pneumatic valve
US7576447B2 (en) 2000-10-30 2009-08-18 Cameron International Corporation Control and supply system
US8212378B2 (en) 2000-10-30 2012-07-03 Cameron International Corporation Control and supply system
WO2002063191A1 (en) * 2001-02-08 2002-08-15 Cooper Cameron Corporation Valve system
GB2389165A (en) * 2001-02-08 2003-12-03 Cooper Cameron Corp Valve system
GB2389165B (en) * 2001-02-08 2004-11-10 Cooper Cameron Corp Valve system
US7048004B2 (en) 2001-02-08 2006-05-23 Cooper Cameron Corporation Valve system
US8536731B2 (en) 2001-05-07 2013-09-17 Cameron International Corporation Electric control and supply system
US7759827B2 (en) 2001-09-19 2010-07-20 Cameron International Corporation DC voltage converting device having a plurality of DC voltage converting units connected in series on an input side and in parallel on an output side
US7453170B2 (en) 2001-09-19 2008-11-18 Cameron International Corporation Universal energy supply system
US7683505B2 (en) 2001-09-19 2010-03-23 Cameron International Corporation Universal energy supply system
US7433214B2 (en) 2001-09-19 2008-10-07 Cameron International Corporation DC converter
US7851949B2 (en) 2001-09-19 2010-12-14 Cameron International Corporation DC converter
US8106536B2 (en) 2001-09-19 2012-01-31 Cameron International Corporation Universal power supply system
US8492927B2 (en) 2001-09-19 2013-07-23 Cameron International Corporation Universal power supply system
US7036335B2 (en) 2001-12-19 2006-05-02 Bsh Bosch Und Siemens Hausgeraete Gmbh Pneumatically actuated multi-way valve and refrigerating machine with multi-way valve
WO2003052309A1 (en) * 2001-12-19 2003-06-26 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Pneumatically actuated multiway valve and a refrigeration unit comprising a multiway valve
US8212410B2 (en) 2002-11-12 2012-07-03 Cameron International Corporation Electric control and supply system
WO2021173079A1 (en) * 2020-02-25 2021-09-02 Nanyang Technological University Electrochemical pneumatic battery

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