DE3619292A1 - Apparatus and method for detecting the fat (lard) thickness on livestock, in particular on slaughter animals - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for detecting the fat (lard) thickness on livestock, in particular on slaughter animals

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Publication number
DE3619292A1
DE3619292A1 DE19863619292 DE3619292A DE3619292A1 DE 3619292 A1 DE3619292 A1 DE 3619292A1 DE 19863619292 DE19863619292 DE 19863619292 DE 3619292 A DE3619292 A DE 3619292A DE 3619292 A1 DE3619292 A1 DE 3619292A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
amplitude
echoes
ultrasonic
thickness
signals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19863619292
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Hanns Rump
Wolfgang Voss
Gerhard Smolarczyk
Udo Kloss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
E.T.R. ELEKTRONIK UND TECHNOLOGIE RUMP GMBH, 4600
Original Assignee
Hanns Rump
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hanns Rump filed Critical Hanns Rump
Priority to DE19863619292 priority Critical patent/DE3619292A1/en
Publication of DE3619292A1 publication Critical patent/DE3619292A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
    • A22B—SLAUGHTERING
    • A22B5/00—Accessories for use during or after slaughtering
    • A22B5/0064—Accessories for use during or after slaughtering for classifying or grading carcasses; for measuring back fat
    • A22B5/007—Non-invasive scanning of carcasses, e.g. using image recognition, tomography, X-rays, ultrasound
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/08—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings
    • A61B8/0858—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings involving measuring tissue layers, e.g. skin, interfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • G01B17/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/02—Food
    • G01N33/12—Meat; fish
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
    • G01N2291/011—Velocity or travel time
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/024—Mixtures
    • G01N2291/02483—Other human or animal parts, e.g. bones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02854—Length, thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects

Abstract

In assessing the slaughter readiness of an animal, or in assessing the slaughter value of a slaughtered animal carcass, it is necessary to measure the thickness of the layer of fat in relation to the proportion of meat. The invention describes an apparatus and a method in which ultrasonic pulses are transmitted and reflected from the different layers in the tissue. A special evaluation method is used to digitise the echoes and feed them to an evaluation computer which employs unique plausibilities to distinguish the useful echoes from other echoes and display them.

Description

Die Speckdicke an Schlachtvieh wird bisher mechanisch festgestellt. Das heißt, es wird ein Gewebeeinschnitt beziehungsweise Einstich gemacht.The bacon thickness on slaughter cattle has so far been mechanical detected. That means it will be a tissue incision or puncture.

Bei lebendem Vieh wird seit längerem experimentiert, ob mit Ultraschall-Echos die Speckdicke beziehungsweise der Fleischanteil zu ermitteln ist, um insbesondere die Schlachtreife überprüfen zu können.With live cattle, it has long been experimented whether with ultrasound echoes the bacon thickness or the Meat content is to be determined, in particular the To be able to check slaughter maturity.

Für beide Fälle werden Methoden gesucht, die diese Messung sehr zuverlässig machen, automatisch durchzu­ führen sind und Nutz-Echos von anderen Echos zu unterscheiden in der Lage sind.In both cases, methods are sought that do this Make measurement very reliable, automatic are lead and useful echoes from other echoes are able to distinguish.

Dazu muß gesagt werden, daß neben den eindeutigen Echos, die von abgegrenzten Schichten (Übergangsspeck-Fleisch) ausgehen, auch Echos zurückgeschickt werden, die ihren Ursprung in Fasern und beispielsweise Blutgefäßen haben.It must be said that in addition to the clear echoes, that of delimited layers (transitional bacon meat) go out, echoes are also sent back to their Origin in fibers and, for example, blood vessels to have.

Bei der Auswertung von Echos auf einer Oszillografen­ röhre, ist es bereits jetzt möglich und Stand der Technik, die gewünschten Echos von unerwünschten Nebenzielen zu unterscheiden.When evaluating echoes on an oscillograph tube, it is already possible and state of the art, the desired echoes from unwanted secondary targets too differentiate.

Ein erfahrener Beobachter ist in der Lage, rein visuell und gewissermaßen intuitiv die richtige Auswertung vor­ zunehmen. Automatisieren läßt sich das Verfahren allerdings nicht. Nach der Erfindung jedoch ist ein automatisches Messen möglich.An experienced observer is able to do so purely visually and to a certain extent intuitively present the correct evaluation increase. However, the process can be automated Not. According to the invention, however, is an automatic one Measure possible.

Dabei macht sich die Erfindung die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Anordnung zu Nutze. Sie stellt die derzeit bevorzugte Lösung dar. The invention makes use of the arrangement shown in FIG. 1. It is currently the preferred solution.

Allerdings sind im Detail andere Lösungen denkbar. Der Schallwandler (1) empfängt die Echosignale. Sie werden in einem Vorverstärker (2) verstärkt. Da die Schalldämpfung im Gewebe sehr starke Schwankungen unterworfen ist, wird das Signal auf einen einstell­ baren Verstärker gegeben.However, other solutions are conceivable in detail. The sound transducer ( 1 ) receives the echo signals. They are amplified in a preamplifier ( 2 ). Since the sound attenuation in the fabric is subject to very strong fluctuations, the signal is sent to an adjustable amplifier.

Die Steuerspannung wird in einem Mikrocomputer (8) erzeugt. Ein Komparator (4) wandelt Echos in ein digitales Signal um, die größer als ein eingestellter Schwellwert sind und liest diese in einen Speicher ein (6) weil die Adressen des Speichers in Abhängigkeit von einem Takt (7) besetzt werden.The control voltage is generated in a microcomputer ( 8 ). A comparator ( 4 ) converts echoes into a digital signal that are greater than a set threshold value and reads them into a memory ( 6 ) because the addresses of the memory are occupied as a function of a clock ( 7 ).

Parallel wird die diesbezügliche Amplitude des analogen Signals in einem Analogdigitalwandler (5) festgestellt und ebenfalls im Speicher abgelegt.At the same time, the relevant amplitude of the analog signal is determined in an analog-digital converter ( 5 ) and also stored in the memory.

Nach erfolgter Messung liest ein Mikrocomputer beide Datenbereiche aus. Je nach Signal-Amplitude erhöht der Mikrocomputer die Verstärkung des Verstärkers (3) oder verringert diese. Da mit einer Abtastrate bis zu 1000 Hz gearbeitet wird, ist es zulässig, die optimale Verstärkung erst nach einer Vielzahl von Messungen ge­ funden zu haben.After the measurement, a microcomputer reads out both data areas. Depending on the signal amplitude, the microcomputer increases or decreases the gain of the amplifier ( 3 ). Since a sampling rate of up to 1000 Hz is used, it is permissible to have found the optimum gain only after a large number of measurements.

Das Problem ist, von den beiden Nutz-Echos (Fig. 2: 13, 14), nämlich der Übergangsspeck Fleisch und das Ende des Fleischbereiches andere Nebenechos zu unterscheiden. Obwohl in der Regel diese beiden Hauptechos die stärkste Amplitude aufweisen, ist das durchaus nicht die allge­ meine Regel. Je nach Stellung des Meßkopfes ist es denkbar, daß auch andere Objekte im Material (z. B. Sehnen, Blutgefäße) für einen sehr intensiven Impuls sorgen. The problem is to distinguish from the two useful echoes ( Fig. 2: 13, 14 ), namely the transition bacon meat and the end of the meat area other secondary echoes. Although these two main echoes usually have the greatest amplitude, this is by no means the general rule. Depending on the position of the measuring head, it is conceivable that other objects in the material (e.g. tendons, blood vessels) also provide a very intense impulse.

Die Erfindung macht sich die Tatsache zunutze, daß die unterschiedlichen Echotypen nicht nur unterschiedliche Amplituden aufweisen, sondern auch unterschiedliche Impulsbreiten haben. Diese Tatsache ist darauf zurück­ zuführen, daß flächige Ziele, wie beispielsweise der Übergang Fleisch-Speck im Übergangsbereich räumlich nicht ganz eindeutig getrennt sind, insofern nicht ein einziges ganz eindeutiges Echo zurückwerfen, sondern im Abstand versetzt eine Vielzahl einzelner Echos, die jedoch bei der Auswertung nach dem Ausweite­ empfänger aussehen wie ein Echo.The invention takes advantage of the fact that the different echotypes not just different ones Show amplitudes, but also different Have pulse widths. This fact is due to that cause flat targets, such as the Spatial transition from meat to bacon in the transition area are not quite clearly separated, insofar not throw back one very clear echo, but spaced a large number of individual Echoes, however, when evaluating after expanding receiver look like an echo.

Eingelagerte Schichten oder eingelagerte Blutgefäße dagegen geben ein Echo zurück, das zeitlich relativ eingegrenzt ist.Embedded layers or blood vessels against it return an echo that is relative in time is narrowed down.

Nach der Lehre der Erfindung werden diejenigen Echos, die vom Komparator (4) als über dem Schwellwert liegend erkannt worden sind, gleichzeitig auf die Amplitude untersucht.According to the teaching of the invention, those echoes which have been recognized by the comparator ( 4 ) as being above the threshold value are simultaneously examined for their amplitude.

Weiterhin wird vom Mikrocomputer untersucht, wie breit (in Mikro-Sekunden) das Echo war. Diese Breite wird jetzt mit der Echoamplitude korreliert.The microcomputer also examines how wide (in micro seconds) the echo was. That latitude is now correlated with the echo amplitude.

Mit Hilfe dieser Methode ist der Mikrocomputer in der Lage am Datenausgang (9) die Dicke sowohl der Speck­ schicht als auch der Fleischschicht anzugeben. Sofern unter besonderen Umständen, die sehr selten sind, eine eindeutige Zuordnung nicht getroffen werden kann, gibt der Rechner eine entsprechende Meldung weiter.With the help of this method, the microcomputer is able to indicate the thickness of both the bacon layer and the meat layer at the data output ( 9 ). If, under special circumstances, which are very rare, an unambiguous assignment cannot be made, the computer passes on a corresponding message.

Zusammengefaßt macht sich die Erfindung zunutze, daß In summary, the invention takes advantage of the fact that  

  • 1. die Amplitude der Echos bewertet wird, daß1. the amplitude of the echoes is assessed that
  • 2. die Breite der Echoimpulse bewertet wird um aus diesen beiden Daten die Nutzechos von den Falsch­ echos zu unterscheiden.2. The width of the echo pulses is evaluated by these two dates the useful echoes from the false distinguish echoes.

Die in der vorgestellten bevorzugten Ausführung genutzte Schaltungsanordnung ist beispielhaft und der erfindungs­ gemäßen Gedanke ist selbstverständlich nicht auf diese Ausführungsform beschränkt, sondern in vielfältiger Weise darstellbar.The one used in the preferred embodiment presented Circuit arrangement is exemplary and the fiction according to the thought is of course not on this Embodiment limited, but in many ways Representable in a way.

Claims (5)

1. Apparat und Verfahren zum Zwecke der störungsfreien Messung von Speckdicke bzw. Fleischdicke bei Vieh bzw. bei Schlachtvieh mit Hilfe der Ultraschall- Echo-Impuls-Laufzeitmethode, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ultraschallsignale gleichzeitig in Amplitude und Breite vermessen werden.1. Apparatus and method for the interference-free measurement of bacon or meat thickness in cattle or slaughter cattle using the ultrasonic echo pulse transit time method, characterized in that the ultrasonic signals are measured simultaneously in amplitude and width. 2. Apparat und Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch ge­ kennzeichnet, daß der Ultraschallverstärker sich selbsttätig auf einen Wert einstellt, bei dem die natürliche Dämpfung des biologischen Materials in optimaler Weise ausgeglichen wird, indem die Nutz- Echos auf eine vorgegebene Spitzenamplitude ge­ fahren werden.2. Apparatus and method according to claim 1, characterized ge indicates that the ultrasonic amplifier itself automatically sets to a value at which the natural damping of the biological material in is optimally balanced by the useful Echoes to a given peak amplitude will drive. 3. Apparat und Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Echosignale, die einen einstellbaren Schwellwert überschreiten, in einem Komparator digitalisiert werden und in einem Halbleiterspeicher abgelegt werden, der zyklisch von einem Mikrocomputer ausgelesen wird, wobei die Verteilung der ermittelten Impulse über die Zeitachse von einem Taktgenerator erzeugt wird, wobei zeitgleich die Amplitude des jeweiligen Signals in einem schnellen Analogdigitalwandler ver­ messen wird und ebenfalls im Speicher abgelegt wird, wobei der nachgeschaltete Rechner so ausgeformt ist, daß dem jeweiligen Digitalwert die jeweilige, digitalisierte Information über die Amplitude des Signals zugeordnet wird. 3. Apparatus and method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the echo signals, the exceed an adjustable threshold, digitized in a comparator and in be stored in a semiconductor memory that is read out cyclically by a microcomputer, with the distribution of the determined impulses over the time axis is generated by a clock generator, where the amplitude of the respective Signals in a fast analog to digital converter will measure and also be stored in memory, whereby the downstream computer is shaped that the respective digital value digitized information about the amplitude of the Signal is assigned.   4. Apparat und Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß alternierend zwei oder mehrere Ultraschallköpfe in der beschriebenen Art abgefragt und bewertet können.4. Apparatus and method according to claim 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that alternating two or several ultrasound heads in the manner described can be queried and evaluated. 5. Apparat und Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, da­ durch gekennzeichnet, daß die vorbezeichneten Wandler nicht genau parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind, sondern leicht konvex oder leicht konkav angeordnet sind.5. Apparatus and method according to claim 1 to 4, there characterized in that the aforementioned transducers are not exactly parallel to each other, but slightly convex or slightly concave are arranged.
DE19863619292 1986-06-07 1986-06-07 Apparatus and method for detecting the fat (lard) thickness on livestock, in particular on slaughter animals Withdrawn DE3619292A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863619292 DE3619292A1 (en) 1986-06-07 1986-06-07 Apparatus and method for detecting the fat (lard) thickness on livestock, in particular on slaughter animals

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DE19863619292 DE3619292A1 (en) 1986-06-07 1986-06-07 Apparatus and method for detecting the fat (lard) thickness on livestock, in particular on slaughter animals

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DE3619292A1 true DE3619292A1 (en) 1987-12-10

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3915513A1 (en) * 1989-05-12 1990-11-15 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Measuring the thickness of fat and meat in sides of meat - uses ultrasound probes with computer analysis of reflection sound to provide non-invasive evaluation of depth of fat and lean meat
DE3916049A1 (en) * 1989-05-17 1990-11-22 Csb Syst Software Entwicklung Device for grading sides of pork - by measuring thickness of fat and lean meat by computer which averages the outputs of various ultrasonic image measurements
EP0499765A1 (en) * 1991-02-19 1992-08-26 Slagteriernes Forskningsinstitut A method and apparatus for determining and/or evaluating quality characteristics of a body of meat material
WO1994018554A1 (en) * 1993-02-10 1994-08-18 Meat & Livestock Commission Monitoring eating quality of meat
GB2289763A (en) * 1993-02-10 1995-11-29 Commission Meat & Livestock Monitoring eating quality of meat
DE19700212A1 (en) * 1996-01-22 1997-07-24 Csb Syst Software Entwicklung Non invasive data collection device for use on animals, e.g. cattle

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3690153A (en) * 1970-12-07 1972-09-12 Trw Inc Ultrasonic distance amplitude correction unit
FR2485184A1 (en) * 1980-06-23 1981-12-24 Renco Corp APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATIC DIGITAL MEASUREMENT OF THE FAT OF THE BACK OF ANIMALS
DE3139570C2 (en) * 1981-10-05 1983-09-29 Krautkrämer GmbH, 5000 Köln Method and circuit device for determining and displaying maximum values of the ultrasonic signals reflected by reflectors in a test piece
FR2554579A1 (en) * 1983-11-04 1985-05-10 Endress Hauser Gmbh Co SONIC OR ULTRASONIC DEVICE FOR DISTANCE MEASUREMENT
DE3435989A1 (en) * 1984-10-01 1986-04-03 Nukem Gmbh, 6450 Hanau METHOD FOR MEASURING THE WALL THICKNESS OF BODIES BY MEANS OF ULTRASOUND IMPULSES AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD
DE3108545C2 (en) * 1981-03-06 1987-03-26 Krautkrämer, GmbH, 5000 Köln Circuit device for digitizing and storing the maximum values of electrical ultrasonic pulses

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3690153A (en) * 1970-12-07 1972-09-12 Trw Inc Ultrasonic distance amplitude correction unit
FR2485184A1 (en) * 1980-06-23 1981-12-24 Renco Corp APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATIC DIGITAL MEASUREMENT OF THE FAT OF THE BACK OF ANIMALS
DE3108545C2 (en) * 1981-03-06 1987-03-26 Krautkrämer, GmbH, 5000 Köln Circuit device for digitizing and storing the maximum values of electrical ultrasonic pulses
DE3139570C2 (en) * 1981-10-05 1983-09-29 Krautkrämer GmbH, 5000 Köln Method and circuit device for determining and displaying maximum values of the ultrasonic signals reflected by reflectors in a test piece
FR2554579A1 (en) * 1983-11-04 1985-05-10 Endress Hauser Gmbh Co SONIC OR ULTRASONIC DEVICE FOR DISTANCE MEASUREMENT
DE3435989A1 (en) * 1984-10-01 1986-04-03 Nukem Gmbh, 6450 Hanau METHOD FOR MEASURING THE WALL THICKNESS OF BODIES BY MEANS OF ULTRASOUND IMPULSES AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Ultrasonics, Juli 1983, H.7, S.184-187 *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3915513A1 (en) * 1989-05-12 1990-11-15 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Measuring the thickness of fat and meat in sides of meat - uses ultrasound probes with computer analysis of reflection sound to provide non-invasive evaluation of depth of fat and lean meat
DE3916049A1 (en) * 1989-05-17 1990-11-22 Csb Syst Software Entwicklung Device for grading sides of pork - by measuring thickness of fat and lean meat by computer which averages the outputs of various ultrasonic image measurements
EP0499765A1 (en) * 1991-02-19 1992-08-26 Slagteriernes Forskningsinstitut A method and apparatus for determining and/or evaluating quality characteristics of a body of meat material
WO1994018554A1 (en) * 1993-02-10 1994-08-18 Meat & Livestock Commission Monitoring eating quality of meat
GB2289763A (en) * 1993-02-10 1995-11-29 Commission Meat & Livestock Monitoring eating quality of meat
GB2289763B (en) * 1993-02-10 1996-11-13 Commission Meat & Livestock Monitoring eating quality of meat
US5625147A (en) * 1993-02-10 1997-04-29 Meat And Livestock Commission Apparatus and method for monitoring the eating quality of meat
DE19700212A1 (en) * 1996-01-22 1997-07-24 Csb Syst Software Entwicklung Non invasive data collection device for use on animals, e.g. cattle

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