DE4023109A1 - Releasing motor vehicle occupant protection appts. - sensing body positions w.r.t. to safety device e.g. inflatable cushion for more effective operation esp. for head and chest - Google Patents

Releasing motor vehicle occupant protection appts. - sensing body positions w.r.t. to safety device e.g. inflatable cushion for more effective operation esp. for head and chest

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Publication number
DE4023109A1
DE4023109A1 DE19904023109 DE4023109A DE4023109A1 DE 4023109 A1 DE4023109 A1 DE 4023109A1 DE 19904023109 DE19904023109 DE 19904023109 DE 4023109 A DE4023109 A DE 4023109A DE 4023109 A1 DE4023109 A1 DE 4023109A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
occupant
occupant protection
triggering
protection device
sensors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE19904023109
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German (de)
Inventor
Hans Spies
Alfons Woehrl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Conti Temic Microelectronic GmbH
Original Assignee
Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG filed Critical Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG
Priority to DE4042722A priority Critical patent/DE4042722C2/en
Priority to DE4042723A priority patent/DE4042723C2/en
Priority to DE4042721A priority patent/DE4042721C2/en
Priority to DE19904023109 priority patent/DE4023109A1/en
Publication of DE4023109A1 publication Critical patent/DE4023109A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/015—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting the presence or position of passengers, passenger seats or child seats, and the related safety parameters therefor, e.g. speed or timing of airbag inflation in relation to occupant position or seat belt use
    • B60R21/01512—Passenger detection systems
    • B60R21/01542—Passenger detection systems detecting passenger motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/015—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting the presence or position of passengers, passenger seats or child seats, and the related safety parameters therefor, e.g. speed or timing of airbag inflation in relation to occupant position or seat belt use
    • B60R21/01512—Passenger detection systems

Abstract

A method of triggering vehicle occupant safety devices involves quasi-permanently sensing the seating positions of the occupants wrt the safety devices and deriving from them the timing and extent of the protective measures to be used. The positions are sensed using one or more sensors (13,15,15', 16,16',17,17') for each person. The sensors operate on conventional principles, e.g. light or sound transition time sensing, in two or three axes. USE/ADVANTAGE - Enables parts of safety system to be made to work together more effectively, esp. to prevent head and chest injuries.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Insassenschutzsystem für Fahrzeuge, insbesondere ein Rückhaltesystem für Personen, die auf verstellbaren Fahrzeugsitzen im Fahrzeug Platz nehmen und wobei ein Beschleunigungs- und/oder ein Bewegungssensor (oder mehrere) Teil einer Auslöseschaltung für das Rückhaltesystem ist und wobei eine Einrichtung vorgesehen ist, die sensiert, in welcher Position sich die Person oder ein Teil von ihr relativ zur Schutzvorrichtung befindet.The invention relates to an occupant protection system for vehicles, especially a restraint system for people on adjustable Take a seat in the vehicle and take a seat Acceleration and / or a motion sensor (or more) part of a Trigger circuit for the restraint system and is a device is provided, which senses in which position the person or part of it is located relative to the protective device.

Eine ähnliche, sehr einfache Überwachungseinrichtung ist z. B. in der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift 38 92 159 beschrieben. Die dort beschriebene Schalteinrichtung fragt ab, ob je nach Sitzposition die Aktivierung des Gaskissens freigegeben werden soll. Selbstverständlich ist es vorher nötig, mittels eines Sitzkontakts festzustellen, ob der Fahrzeugsitz überhaupt besetzt oder belegt ist. Ein Kontrollsystem erfaßt die Sitzposition z. B. nach Sitzlängsverstellung und Neigung der Rückenlehne in Abhängigkeit von den Schaltern oder einem Positionsspeicher. Eine Mikrorechnerschaltung mit Programminitialisierung hilft vergleichen.A similar, very simple monitoring device is e.g. B. in the German Offenlegungsschrift 38 92 159 described. These Switching device asks whether the Activation of the gas cushion is to be released. Of course it is necessary to determine beforehand by means of a seat contact whether the Vehicle seat is occupied or occupied at all. A control system detects the sitting position z. B. after seat adjustment and inclination Backrest depending on the switches or one Position memory. A microcomputer circuit with Program initialization helps compare.

Nach Ansicht der Erfinder ist es zwar hilfreich, ein Kontrollsystem zur Feststellung einer Sitzposition zu verwenden, jedoch werden wichtige Erkenntnisse der Unfallforschung außer acht gelassen. Diese besagen, daß die gefährlichsten Arten von Verletzungen Brust- und Kopfverletzungen sind (head injuries).According to the inventors, it is helpful to use a control system Determining a seating position to use, however, becomes important Disregarded findings from accident research. These state that the most dangerous types of injuries to chest and head injuries are (head injuries).

Um diese Verletzungen zu verringern oder nach Möglichkeit auszuschließen, hat man sowohl für Fahrer als auch für Beifahrer Rückhaltesysteme mit Gaskissen erfunden, die sich zwischen Lenkrad und Fahrer oder Armaturenbrett und Beifahrer aufblasen. Ferner sind Rückhaltesysteme mit Gurtstrammern zum Festziehen der Person in einer bestimmten Position auf dem Sitz bekannt.To reduce these injuries or if possible exclude, you have for both driver and passenger Restraint systems with gas cushions invented between the steering wheel and Inflate driver or dashboard and front passenger. Furthermore are Restraint systems with belt tensioners for tightening the person in one known position on the seat.

Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung ist es, ein Insassenschutzsystem zu schaffen, bei dem auch die Position von wichtigen Körperteilen des Insassen vor einem Unfall erfaßt wird, und daß Maßnahmen getroffen werden, um die Teile eines Insassenschutzsystems in ihrem Zusammenwirken zu verbessern, um die Schutzwirkung, insbesondere im Hinblick auf besondes gefährliche Brust- und Kopfverletzungen, zu verbessern.The object of the present invention is to provide an occupant protection system create the position of important parts of the body Occupants are caught before an accident and that action is taken to the parts of an occupant protection system in their interaction improve to protect, especially with regard to especially dangerous chest and head injuries to improve.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und einer Vorrichtung hierzu.This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and one Device for this.

Aus- und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung und Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen sowie weiteren Ansprüchen zu entnehmen. Abhandlungen derselben im Rahmen der Ansprüche können vom Fachmann ohne weiteres vorgenommen werden ohne hierdurch diese zu verlassen.Training and further developments of the invention are in the drawing and Description of exemplary embodiments and further claims remove. Treatments of the same within the scope of the claims can be dated Specialist can be easily made without this leave.

Besonders vorteilhaft an der Erfindung ist, daß das Verfahren den Insassenschutz von wichtigen Körperteilen, insbesondere des Kopfes, verbessert, indem Auswertung von Richtung und Geschwindigkeit einer Bewegung erfaßt und eine geeignete Schutzmaßnahme ausgelöst werden. Dabei wird berücksichtigt, welche Positionen das oder die Körperteile kurz vor oder zu Beginn eines Unfalls einnehmen.It is particularly advantageous in the invention that the method Occupant protection of important parts of the body, especially the head, improved by evaluating the direction and speed of a Movement detected and a suitable protective measure triggered. It takes into account which positions the body part or parts take just before or at the start of an accident.

Im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik erfolgt die Positionsmessung der Körperteile relativ zu festen Strukturteilen des Fahrzeugs bzw. zur sensierenden Einrichtung nicht nur in einer Richtung, sondern aus mehreren Richtungen und vorteilhafterweise mit mehreren Sensoren für ein Schutzsystem oder auch für mehrere Schutzsysteme, wodurch eine Selektivität gewährleistet ist. Die Erfindung ermöglicht es, je nach erfaßten Positionswerten und/oder Bewegungsänderungen je nach Geschwindigkeit oder Beschleunigung und/oder Richtung (Vektor) die Bewertung in einem rechnergestützten System, insbesondere mit Hilfe eines Bordcomputers, intelligenter zu verarbeiten und zu verwerten, als dies im Stand der Technik möglich ist, wo die Schalteinrichtung nur als Inhibit wirken kann, um die Aktivierung des Rückhaltesystems zu verhindern, wenn keine optimale Position des Sitzes vorliegt.In contrast to the prior art, the position measurement of the Body parts relative to fixed structural parts of the vehicle or sensing device not only in one direction, but from multiple directions and advantageously with multiple sensors for one protection system or for several protection systems, whereby one Selectivity is guaranteed. The invention makes it possible, depending on detected position values and / or changes in movement depending on Speed or acceleration and / or direction (vector) Evaluation in a computerized system, especially with the help of an on-board computer, smarter to process and utilize than this is possible in the prior art, where the switching device only as Inhibit can act to activate the restraint system prevent if there is no optimal position of the seat.

In den Zeichnungen sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen:Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch ein Fahrzeugchassis mit Fahrgastzelle mit Fahrer in bestimmter Sitzposition, Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a vehicle chassis with a passenger compartment with a driver in a particular seat position,

Fig. 2 zeigt eine ähnliche Ansicht bezogen auf einen Beifahrer, Fig. 2 shows a similar view in relation to a passenger,

Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch einen Fahrgastraum mit beispielsweise vier Personen besetzt, Fig occupied. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a passenger compartment with, for example four,

Fig. 4 eine Abwandlung zu Fig. 3, Fig. 4 shows a modification to Fig. 3,

Fig. 5 eine weitere Abwandlung zu Fig. 3 und Fig. 5 shows a further modification to Fig. 3 and

Fig. 6 eine besondere Ausführung zu Fig. 2. Fig. 6 shows a particular embodiment to FIG. 2.

Wie Fig. 1 zeigt, sitzt in einer Fahrgastzelle 1 eines Fahrzeuges eine Person 2 auf einem Sitz 3, der am Boden 4 der Zelle auf einem Gestell 5 befestigt ist. Das Dach der Zelle ist mit 6 bezeichnet und eine Glasscheibe, insbesondere Frontscheibe, mit 7. Mit 8 ist das Armaturenbrett bezeichnet, in dem sich ein von einem Gasgenerator aufblasbares Gaskissen 9 als eines der Rückhaltesysteme befindet. Im Bereich des Armaturenbretts befindet sich ein Bordcomputer 10 mit Anzeige (Display) 11. Der Bordcomputer ist unter anderem mit Zentralrechnern und Speichern versehen und enthält die erforderliche Software. Ferner ist er verbunden mit den einzelnen Sensoren, wie später noch erläutert. Der Gasgenerator ist seinerseits an eine an sich bekannte Zünder-Auslöseschaltung angeschlossen, die das Gaskissen 10 nur in bestimmten Fällen auslöst.As shown in FIG. 1, a person 2 sits in a passenger compartment 1 of a vehicle on a seat 3 which is attached to a frame 5 on the floor 4 of the cell. The roof of the cell is designated by 6 and a glass pane, in particular a front pane, by 7 . 8 denotes the dashboard, in which a gas cushion 9 which is inflatable by a gas generator is located as one of the restraint systems. An on-board computer 10 with a display 11 is located in the area of the dashboard. The on-board computer is equipped with central computers and memories, among other things, and contains the necessary software. It is also connected to the individual sensors, as will be explained later. The gas generator is in turn connected to a detonator trigger circuit known per se, which triggers the gas cushion 10 only in certain cases.

Eine Schaltung, abhängig von vorgegebenen Schwellwerten, zur Auslösung einer Sicherheitsvorrichtung ist z. B. in der deutschen Patentschrift 24 54 424 beschrieben. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, daß erst dann bei einer Kollision des Kraftfahrzeuges eine Auslösung der Sicherheitsvorrichtung erfolgt, wenn eine erheblich über den normalen Fahrerschütterungen liegende Verzögerung des Fahrzeugs auftritt, erfaßt von wenigstens einem Beschleunigungsfühler als Sensor. Dieser Sensor kann an einem oder mehreren Punkten, z. B. im Frontbereich des Fahrzeugs (nicht dargestellt) angeordnet sein. Dieser Sensor 13 ist mit der Schaltung 11 zur Signalverarbeitung und Auswertung verbunden und letzterer wieder über den Bus 14 mit dem Zentralrechner an Bord 10, welcher seinerseits mit Speichern und Verknüpfungen arbeitet, so daß Meßwerte aus anderen Meßeinrichtungen für die Bewertung mit herangezogen werden und eine optimale Anpassung an die Unfallschwere derart erfolgen kann, indem Aktuatoren solcher Art und Anzahl und Wirkungsweise (abgestuft) angesteuert werden wie nötig und förderlich zur angestrebten Verbesserung des Inassenschutzes.A circuit, depending on predetermined threshold values, for triggering a safety device is e.g. B. described in German Patent 24 54 424. This ensures that the safety device is only triggered in the event of a collision of the motor vehicle, if a deceleration of the vehicle which is significantly higher than the normal driver vibrations occurs, detected by at least one acceleration sensor as a sensor. This sensor can at one or more points, e.g. B. in the front of the vehicle (not shown). This sensor 13 is connected to the circuit 11 for signal processing and evaluation and the latter again via the bus 14 to the central computer on board 10 , which in turn works with memories and links, so that measured values from other measuring devices are used for the evaluation and are optimal Adaptation to the severity of the accident can take place in such a way that actuators of the type and number and mode of action (graded) are controlled as necessary and conducive to the desired improvement in occupant protection.

Als zweites Insassenschutzsystem außer dem Gassack 10 ist ein Gurtsystem 12, insbesondere mit Dreipunktgurten und als Rückhaltesystem vorgesehen. Diese Gurte sind aktivierbar, insbesondere durch Rückstrammer für die Sicherheitsgurte, wie in der deutschen Patentschrift 31 15 925, 928 und 929 beschrieben. Andere und weitere Rückhaltesysteme sind ebenfalls anwendbar, insbesondere von der Tür her aufblasbare Gaskissen oder von der Fahrzeugdecke 6 schräg von vorn auf den Kopf und die Kopfstütze des Sitzes zubewegbare Gaskissen. Ferner sich selbst aufwickelnde und beim Einsteigen sich strammziehende Gurtsysteme, auch von der Seite einschwenkbare oder von oben einschwenkbare Stütz- oder Halteeinrichtungen oder querverschiebliche (quer zur Fahrtrichtung) in Verbindung mit Pfosten, Überrollbügeln etc. anwendbar.A belt system 12 , in particular with three-point belts and as a restraint system, is provided as the second occupant protection system in addition to the gas bag 10 . These belts can be activated, in particular by means of back tensioners for the seat belts, as described in German Patent 31 15 925, 928 and 929. Other and further restraint systems are also applicable, in particular from the door inflatable gas cushion or the vehicle ceiling 6 obliquely from the front of the head and the headrest of the seat zubewegbare gas cushion. Furthermore self-winding and tightening belt systems when boarding, also from the side swiveling or swiveling from above support or holding devices or transversely displaceable (transverse to the direction of travel) in connection with posts, roll bars etc. applicable.

In Fig. 1 sind noch zwei Abstands- bzw. Positionsmeßeinrichtungen, die Strahlen aussenden und empfangen, mit 15 und 16 bezeichnet und dem Armaturenbrett und/oder der Sonnenblende oder dem Rückspiegel vorne oben der Frontscheibe 7 zugeordnet. Auf diese Weise ist vor allem der Kopf, gewünschtenfalls auch ein anderer Körperteil, in seiner jeweiligen (Sitz-)Position nach dem Prinzip der Laufzeitmessung sensierbar - wie an sich bekannt - mit den den Meßstrahlen 15, 16 zugeordneten Sensoren 15, und 16′, die ihrerseits mit der Bordcomputereinrichtung 10 verbunden sind. Die (Sitz-)Position des Insassen oder eines besonderen Körperteils desselben wird in besonderer Relation zu den genannten Vorrichtungen quasi-permanent sensiert. Dabei können ein oder bevorzugt mehrere Sensoren (15′ bis 18′) wie Licht- oder Schallaufzeitsensoren eine optisch geometrische Vielfalt-Abstandsmessung in ein, zwei oder drei Achsen oder mehr vornehmen. Ferner wird die Belegung des Sitzes in bekannter Weise von einem Sitzkontakt 19 sensiert und die Abstands-Sensierung des oder der Körperteile, wie vorbeschrieben, wird in Und-Verknüpfung mit dem Sitz- und/oder einem Lehnenkontakt des Sitzes geschaltet.In Fig. 1, two distance and position measuring devices that emit and receive beams are designated 15 and 16 and assigned to the dashboard and / or the sun visor or the rear view mirror at the front of the front screen 7 . In this way, especially the head, if desired, other body part, be sensed in its respective (sitting) position on the principle of transit time measurement - as is known - with the measuring beams 15, 16 associated sensors 15 and 16 ' which in turn are connected to the on-board computer device 10 . The (sitting) position of the occupant or of a particular part of the body is sensed quasi-permanently in special relation to the devices mentioned. One or preferably several sensors ( 15 'to 18 ') such as light or sound propagation time sensors can carry out an optically geometric diversity distance measurement in one, two or three axes or more. Furthermore, the occupancy of the seat is sensed in a known manner by a seat contact 19 and the distance sensing of the body part (s), as described above, is switched in AND connection with the seat and / or a backrest contact of the seat.

Mit Hilfe des (Bord-)Computers 10 erfolgt die Auslösung einer oder mehrerer Insassenschutzvorrichtungen (oder ihre Inhibierung) unabhängig von einer jeweils anderen Insassenschutzvorrichtung dann, wenn eine bestimmte Unfallsituation erkannt ist, z. B. durch Auswertung von Signalen von mehreren Beschleunigungssensoren, um z. B. die Richtung eines Aufpralls zu erkennen.With the help of the (on-board) computer 10 , one or more occupant protection devices are triggered (or inhibited) independently of a respective other occupant protection device when a certain accident situation is detected, e.g. B. by evaluating signals from several acceleration sensors to z. B. to recognize the direction of an impact.

Wenn der Insasse seine Position relativ zur Ausgangssitzposition geändert hat, wird nur unter bestimmten Bedingungen die bestmögliche Schutzwirkung erzielt. Hierfür wäre es wünschenswert, wenn die Person der Sitzkontur, wie Sitz und/oder Lehnenflächen, möglichst nahe benachbart ist und der Kopf an einer Kopf- und/oder Nackenstütze angelehnt ist. Speziell hierfür sind weitere zusätzliche Sensoren, außer an Sonnenblende und/oder Rückspiegel, an der Innenseite der Dachfläche 6 des Fahrgastraumes 1 angeordnet. Diese Sensoren sind mit 17 bezeichnet und erfassen leicht jede Kopfbewegung nach einem der genannten Meßprinzipien. Ersichtlich sind diese Sensoren auch zum Schutz des Beifahrers nach Fig. 2 geeignet. Dabei können nach Fig. 1 und Fig. 6 die Sensoren 15′ im Lenkrad 21 angeordnet sein, die z. B. die Entfernung zwischen Lenkrad 21 und Kopfvorderseite erfassen, während z. B. der Sensor 16′ die Entfernung zwischen Frontscheibe und Kopf erfaßt. Eine Kopfbewegung oder Kopfbeschleunigung ist wegen der verschiedenen Meßstrahlen nach Größe und Richtung leicht erfaßbar. In Fig. 1 und Fig. 6 ist der Gasgenerator, sein Auslösesensor (Beschleunigungssensor) und die Auslöseschaltung für den Gasgenerator des Gaskissens im Lenkrad bzw. dessen Hohlraum und/oder Lenksäule untergebracht. Die Fig. 3, 4 und 5 zeigen weitere Sensoren 18′.If the occupant has changed position relative to the home seating position, the best possible protection is only achieved under certain conditions. For this purpose, it would be desirable if the person is as close as possible to the seat contour, such as the seat and / or backrest surfaces, and if the head is leaned against a headrest and / or neck support. Especially for this purpose, additional sensors are arranged on the inside of the roof surface 6 of the passenger compartment 1 , apart from on the sun visor and / or rear view mirror. These sensors are designated 17 and easily detect any head movement according to one of the measurement principles mentioned. Obviously, these sensors are also suitable for protecting the passenger according to FIG. 2. In this case can of FIG. 1 and FIG. 6, the sensors 15 'in the steering wheel 21 can be arranged which z. B. capture the distance between the steering wheel 21 and the front of the head while z. B. the sensor 16 'detects the distance between the windshield and head. A head movement or head acceleration is easily detectable by size and direction due to the different measuring beams. In Fig. 1 and Fig. 6, the gas generator housed be triggering sensor (acceleration sensor) and the trigger circuit for the gas generator of the air bag in the steering wheel or the cavity and / or steering column. FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 show further sensors 18 '.

Alle diese beschriebenen Sensoren sind ihrerseits mit dem zentralen Bordcomputer 10 verbunden, z. B. elektr. und/oder über Datenbus und werden zur Bewertung in diesem Zentralcomputer o. a. Coprozessor(en) verglichen mit Werten aus gespeicherten (Muster-)Abläufen und so verknüpft, daß die Auslösung und der Zeitpunkt der Auslösung der Insassenschutzvorrichung abgeleitet wird von:All these sensors described are in turn connected to the central on-board computer 10 , for. B. electr. and / or via data bus and for evaluation in this central computer or coprocessor (s) are compared with values from stored (sample) processes and linked in such a way that the triggering and the time of triggering of the occupant protection device is derived from:

  • a) der Insassensoll(sitz-)position für eine maximale Schutzwirkung der Schutzvorrichtung,a) the occupant target (sitting) position for a maximum protective effect of the Protection device,
  • b) der Entfernung des Insassen in Relation zur Meßeinrichtung (Sensor),b) the distance of the occupant in relation to the measuring device (sensor),
  • c) der Positionsänderungsgeschwindigkeit oder Beschleunigung/Verzögerung des Insassen in Relation zur Meß- und/oder Insassenschutzvorrichtung, d. h. die Änderung ist abgeleitet von der Insassenposition zu bestimmten Zeitpunkten bzw. in einem bestimmten Zeitfenster.(c) the rate of change of position, or Acceleration / deceleration of the occupant in relation to the Measuring and / or occupant protection device, d. H. the change is derived from the occupant position at certain times or in a certain time window.

Anders als in Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 für Beifahrer und Fahrer dargestellt, können mehrere Sensoren 18′ für jeden Insassen vorgesehen sein (Fig. 3) oder pro Insasse je ein Sensor (Fig. 4), z. B. dort in der Nackenstütze 20.Unlike shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 for front passenger and driver, several sensors 18 'can be provided for each occupant ( Fig. 3) or one sensor per occupant ( Fig. 4), z. B. there in the neck support 20th

In Fig. 5 ist noch ein spezielles Ausführungsbeispiel ersichtlich, bei dem pro Insasse je zwei Sensoren der Nackenstütze 20 des jeweiligen Sitzes zugeordnet ist. Dies gestattet eine Selektivität des Verfahrens zum Auslösen von Insassenschutzvorrichtungen durch Erweiterung mit einer Plausibilitätsprüfung im Bordcomputer, wobei die von der sensierten relativen Insassenposition abgeleitete Insassenverlagerungsgeschwindigkeit oder ihre Änderung pro Zeiteinheit (Beschleunigung/Verzögerung) verglichen wird mit der mit einem Beschleunigungsaufnehmer gemessenen Fahrzeugverzögerung und/oder einer daraus ermittelten Geschwindigkeitsreduktion, und daß der Betrag ggf. mit zugehöriger Richtung (Vektor) sowie das Verhältnis pro Zeiteinheit innerhalb einer vorgegebenen Bandbreite liegt. Erst dann erfolgt eine Auslösung der Insassenschutzvorrichtung.In FIG. 5, a particular embodiment is still visible, per occupant two sensors is associated with the neck support in which 20 of the respective seat. This allows a selectivity of the method for triggering occupant protection devices by extension with a plausibility check in the on-board computer, the occupant displacement speed derived from the sensed relative occupant position or its change per unit of time (acceleration / deceleration) being compared with the vehicle deceleration measured with an accelerometer and / or one speed reduction determined therefrom, and that the amount, if applicable, with the associated direction (vector) and the ratio per unit of time is within a predetermined range. Only then is the occupant protection device triggered.

Die Selektivität des Verfahrens zum Auslösen von Insassenschutzvorrichtungen kann auch durch Erweiterung mit der Plausibilitätsprüfung im Bordcomputer erhöht werden derart, daß das Sperr- oder Auslösesignal der quasi permanent messenden Positionsmeßeinrichtung mit dem Auslösesignal eines bekannten Aufprallsensors mit mindestens einem Beschleunigungsaufnehmer und/oder mindestens einem Feder-Masse-System quasi-undverknüpft zur Auswertung und Ansteuerung von Aktuatoren zwecks angepaßter Aktivierung eines oder mehrerer Insassenschutzvorrichtungen je nach Art und Weise des Aufpralls und der vorherigen Position, die der Insasse im Fahrzeug eingenommen hat oder innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitfensters einnimmt.The selectivity of the method for triggering Occupant protection devices can also be extended with the Plausibility check in the on-board computer are increased such that the Locking or triggering signal of the quasi permanently measuring Position measuring device with the trigger signal of a known Impact sensor with at least one accelerometer and / or at least one spring-mass system quasi-and-linked for evaluation and actuation of actuators for the purpose of adaptively activating one or multiple occupant protection devices depending on the type of impact and the previous position that the occupant has taken in the vehicle or occupies within a certain time window.

In einer besonderen Ausführung der Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dem Fahrer oder Insassen vom Bordcomputer aus anzuzeigen, z. B. durch Abgabe eines Warnsignals, wenn er seine Position zu weit von der optimalen Schutzwirkungsposition entfernt hat, daß eine Aktivierung einer Insassenschutzvorrichtung inhibiert werden muß.In a special embodiment of the invention it is provided that Display drivers or occupants from the on-board computer, e.g. B. by levy a warning signal if it is too far from the optimal position Protection position removed that an activation of a Occupant protection device must be inhibited.

Die Erfindung ist besonders wirtschaftlich, da sie auf alle Insassensitze und deren Besetzung/Belegung als Voraussetzung für eine Abstands- oder Entfernungsmessung anspricht, da ggf. bei Nichtbelegung nicht nur eine Aktivierung einer Schutzvorrichtung inhibiert wird, sondern überhaupt die Messung, Signalverarbeitung und -auswertung und somit Belegung des Bordcomputers.The invention is particularly economical since it applies to all Occupant seats and their occupation as a prerequisite for one Distance or distance measurement responds, because if not used not only inhibit activation of a protective device, but in general the measurement, signal processing and evaluation and thus occupancy of the on-board computer.

Zur optimalen Schutzwirkungsentfaltung einer oder mehrerer Schutzvorrichtungen gehört bei der Erfindung auch ihre schutzwirkungserhöhende Und-Verknüpfung, wenn die Sensierung dies für forderlich oder nötig erkannt hat, z. B. Gurtstrammen plus Gaskissenaufblasen oder eine Inhibierung eines von zwei oder mehreren Systemen, wenn z. B. eines dieser Systeme keine Schutzverstärkung insgesamt oder für besonders schutzwürdige Körperteile, wie z. B. dem Kopf, erbringen würde. For optimal protection of one or more Protective devices also belong to the invention And-protection enhancement effect if the sensation for recognized necessary or necessary, e.g. B. Belt tightening plus Gas cushion inflation or an inhibition of one or two Systems when e.g. B. one of these systems has no protective reinforcement as a whole or for particularly sensitive parts of the body, such as B. the Head, would bring.  

Wenn z. B. ein Kind (verbotenerweise) direkt vor einem Beifahrer-Gaserzeuger/Gasgenerator steht, würde sich das Gaskissen zu schnell aufblasen. Die Erfindung kann nach Sensierung eines zu zeigenden Abstandes ein langsames, stufenweises Aufblasen desselben initiieren. Ein Gurt kann vor dem Aufblasen eines Gaskissens gestrammt und eine Sitzlehne und/oder Nackenstütze vorher verstellt werden zur Verbesserung der Schutzwirkung, z. B. mechanisch/automatisch in eine gespeicherte Sollposition.If e.g. B. a child (forbidden) right in front of you Passenger gas generator / gas generator is standing, the gas cushion would close inflate quickly. The invention can be shown after sensing one Initiate a slow, gradual inflation of the distance. A belt can be tightened before inflating a gas cushion and one Seat back and / or neck support can be adjusted beforehand for improvement the protective effect, e.g. B. mechanically / automatically in a saved Target position.

Claims (10)

1. Verfahren zum Auslösen von Insassenschutzvorrichtungen, insbesondere in Kraftfahrzeugen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sitz-Position der Insassen in Relation zu den zugehörigen Insassenschutzvorrichtungen quasi permanent sensiert (gemessen) wird und daß daraus die Zeitpunkte und der Umfang der einzuleitenden Schutzmaßnahmen abgeleitet werden.1. A method for triggering occupant protection devices, in particular in motor vehicles, characterized in that the seat position of the occupants in relation to the associated occupant protection devices is quasi permanently sensed (measured) and that the times and the extent of the protective measures to be initiated are derived therefrom. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sensierung der Position des jeweiligen Insassen durch einen oder mehrere Sensoren nach bekannten Prinzipien (z. B. Licht- oder Schallaufzeitsensoren, optisch-geometrische Vielfach-Abstandssensoren...) in ein, zwei oder drei Achsen erfolgt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Sensing the position of the respective occupant by one or more Sensors based on known principles (e.g. light or Sound propagation time sensors, optical-geometric Multiple distance sensors ...) in one, two or three axes. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Belegung einer Insassenposition sensiert wird durch den bzw. die Insassenpositionssensoren in Und-Verknüpfung mit einem Sitz- und/oder einem Lehnenkontakt.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the occupancy of an occupant position is sensed by the Occupant position sensors and linked to a seat and / or a backrest contact. 4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auslösung jeder Insassenschutzvorrichtung unabhängig von den anderen Insassenschutzvorrichtungen erfolgt, wenn eine bestimmte Crash-Situation erkannt ist und der Insasse seine Position relativ zur zugehörigen Insassenschutzvorrichtung innerhalb sensierter Zeitabstände nur soweit geändert hat, daß die Insassenschutzvorrichtung die ihr maximal mögliche Schutzwirkung verrichtet.4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the triggering of each occupant protection device independent of the other occupant protection devices if a certain crash situation is recognized and the occupant's position relative to the associated occupant protection device within sensed Intervals have only changed so far that the occupant protection device you do the maximum possible protective effect. 5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auslösung und der Zeitpunkt der Auslösung der Insassenschutzvorrichtung abgeleitet wird von
  • - der Insassensoll(sitz-)position für maximale Schutzwirkung der Insassenschutzvorrichtung,
  • - der Entfernung des Insassen in Relation zur Meßeinrichtung zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt und
  • - der Positionsänderungsgeschwindigkeit des Insassen in Relation zur Meß- und/oder Insassenschutzvorrichtung (abgeleitet von der Insassenposition = f (Zeit)).
5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the triggering and the time of triggering the occupant protection device is derived from
  • - the occupant target (sitting) position for maximum protection of the occupant protection device,
  • - The distance of the occupant in relation to the measuring device at a certain time and
  • - The position change speed of the occupant in relation to the measuring and / or occupant protection device (derived from the occupant position = f (time)).
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der betreffende Insasse gewarnt wird, wenn er eine (Sitz-)Position im Kraftfahrzeug einnimmt, welche die Möglichkeit der maximalen Schutzwirkung der Insassenschutzvorrichtung auf den Insassen beeinträchtigt und das Warnsignal endet, wenn der Insasse seine Position entsprechend korrigiert hat.6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the occupant in question is warned if he has a (Seat) position in the motor vehicle, which is the possibility of maximum protective effect of the occupant protection device on the occupants impaired and the warning signal ends when the occupant is in his position corrected accordingly. 7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Selektivität des Verfahrens zum Auslösen von Insassenschutzvorrichtungen durch Erweiterung um eine Plausibilitätsprüfeinrichtung erhöht wird derart, daß die von der sensierten relativen Insassenposition abgeleitete Insassenverlagerungsgeschwindigkeit und/oder ihre Änderung pro Zeiteinheit verglichen wird mit der von einem Beschleunigungsaufnehmer gemessenen Fahrzeugverzögerung und/oder einer daraus ermittelten Geschwindigkeitsreduktion und daß der gemessene Betrag, ggf. mit zugehöriger Richtung (Vektor), sowie das Verhältnis pro Zeiteinheit in einer vorgegebenen Bandbreite zu liegen hat, damit eine Auslösung der Insassenschutzvorrichtung erfolgt.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the selectivity of the method for triggering Occupant protection devices by adding one Plausibility checking device is increased such that the sensed relative occupant position Occupant displacement speed and / or their change per Unit of time is compared with that of an accelerometer measured vehicle deceleration and / or a determined from it Speed reduction and that the measured amount, if necessary with associated direction (vector), as well as the ratio per unit of time in has a predetermined bandwidth, so that a triggering of the Occupant protection device is carried out. 8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Selektivität des Verfahrens zum Auslösen von Insassenschutzvorrichtungen durch Erweiterung um eine Plausibilitätsprüfeinrichtung erhöht wird derart, daß das Sperr- oder Auslösesignal der quasi-permanent messenden Positionsmeßeinrichtung mit dem Auslösesignal eines nach bekannten Verfahren arbeitenden Crashsensors auf der Basis mindestens eines Beschleunigungsaufnehmers und/oder mindestens eines Feder-Masse-Systems als Aufnehmerelement quasi-undverknüpft wird und daß die Plausibilitätsprüfeinrichtung in den (Bord-)Computer integriert ist, in dem alle Sensorsignalbewertungen stattfinden.8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the selectivity of the method for triggering Occupant protection devices by adding one Plausibility check device is increased such that the blocking or Trigger signal of the quasi-permanent measuring position measuring device the trigger signal of a person working according to known methods Crash sensor based on at least one accelerometer  and / or at least one spring-mass system as a pickup element quasi-and is linked and that the plausibility check facility in the (On-board) computer is integrated, in which all sensor signal evaluations occur. 9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in einem (Bord-)Computer die Soll-Sitzposition aller Insassen speicherbar sind und die Meßsignale der Positionsmeßeinrichtungen nicht nur zur Erzeugung eines Warnsignals, sondern auch an Aktuatoren zur Sitz-, Rückhalter-, Teil-Verstellung (Korrektur) weitergeleitet wird.9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the target sitting position in a (on-board) computer all occupants can be stored and the measurement signals Position measuring devices not only for generating a warning signal, but also on actuators for seat, restraint and partial adjustment (Correction) is forwarded. 10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Position des oder der Insasssen mit Hilfe zweier oder mehrerer elektronischer Bilderfassungselemente erfaßt und daraus die Position abgeleitet wird.10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the position of the inmate or inmates with the help captured two or more electronic image capture elements and the position is derived from this.
DE19904023109 1990-07-20 1990-07-20 Releasing motor vehicle occupant protection appts. - sensing body positions w.r.t. to safety device e.g. inflatable cushion for more effective operation esp. for head and chest Ceased DE4023109A1 (en)

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DE4042722A DE4042722C2 (en) 1990-07-20 1990-07-20 Procedure for triggering occupant protection devices
DE4042723A DE4042723C2 (en) 1990-07-20 1990-07-20 Method for generating a warning signal in a motor vehicle with occupant protection devices
DE4042721A DE4042721C2 (en) 1990-07-20 1990-07-20 Process for triggering occupant protection devices
DE19904023109 DE4023109A1 (en) 1990-07-20 1990-07-20 Releasing motor vehicle occupant protection appts. - sensing body positions w.r.t. to safety device e.g. inflatable cushion for more effective operation esp. for head and chest

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DE19904023109 DE4023109A1 (en) 1990-07-20 1990-07-20 Releasing motor vehicle occupant protection appts. - sensing body positions w.r.t. to safety device e.g. inflatable cushion for more effective operation esp. for head and chest

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DE4042721A Expired - Lifetime DE4042721C2 (en) 1990-07-20 1990-07-20 Process for triggering occupant protection devices
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