DE4116208A1 - Non-destructive testing of material at structural parts of cast iron@ - using ultrasonic speed and magnetic coercivity field strength measurement with condition that speed is determined during magnetisation of workpiece - Google Patents

Non-destructive testing of material at structural parts of cast iron@ - using ultrasonic speed and magnetic coercivity field strength measurement with condition that speed is determined during magnetisation of workpiece

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Publication number
DE4116208A1
DE4116208A1 DE19914116208 DE4116208A DE4116208A1 DE 4116208 A1 DE4116208 A1 DE 4116208A1 DE 19914116208 DE19914116208 DE 19914116208 DE 4116208 A DE4116208 A DE 4116208A DE 4116208 A1 DE4116208 A1 DE 4116208A1
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Prior art keywords
magnetic field
speed
field strength
ultrasonic
workpiece
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DE19914116208
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German (de)
Inventor
Karlheinz Dr Ing Schiebold
Hartmut Dr Rer Nat Heyse
Winfried Prof Dr Sc Te Morgner
Otto Prof Dr Sc Techn Prietzel
Henry Dr Ing Krause
Helmut Dipl Ing Stoeckigt
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/24—Probes
    • G01N29/2412—Probes using the magnetostrictive properties of the material to be examined, e.g. electromagnetic acoustic transducers [EMAT]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02863—Electric or magnetic parameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0421—Longitudinal waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0422—Shear waves, transverse waves, horizontally polarised waves

Abstract

The unit for carrying out the testing of the workpiece includes magnetising coils (2) arranged at the yoke limbs of a magnet yoke (1), which are connected to a current source (3); a magnetic field probe (4) is fixed at the centre of the magnetising coils (2) and coupled to a magnetic field strength meter (5). An ultrasonic test head (6) which works in conjunction with the ultrasonic speed measuring unit (7) is arranged underneath the magnetic field probe (4) centrally at the same plane between the yoke limbs. The magnetic field strength meter (5) and the ultrasonic speed measuring unit (7) are connected with a process computer (9). ADVANTAGE - Obtains exact and objective reproducible characteristic data regarding existing respective mechanical properties of workpiece material.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Verfahren und Einrichtung für die zerstörungsfreie Werkstoffprüfung zur Bestimmung der mechanischen Eigenschaften an Bauteilen aus Eisenguß­ werkstoffen.The invention relates to methods and equipment for the non-destructive material testing to determine the mechanical properties on cast iron components materials.

Zum Stand der Technik gehört die Ultraschallgeschwindig­ keitsmessung in der Gefüge- und Kennwertanalyse von Eisengußwerkstoffen (z. B. bezüglich der Bestimmung des Anteils an globularem Graphit). Die Ultraschallgeschwindig­ keit ist jedoch u. a. abhängig von der Menge, Größe, Anzahl und Form des eingelagerten Graphits. Diese Faktoren bestimmen wiederum ganz wesentlich die mechanischen Eigenschaften eines Gußteiles. Eine mit der zerstörenden Prüfung vergleichbare genaue zerstörungsfreie Bestimmung von mechanischen Kennwerten an Werkstücken aus Gußeisen mit lamellarem oder globularem Graphit bzw. weiterer Eisengußwerkstoffe unabhängig von ihrer Charge bzw. vom Sortiment, sind bisher bei der Anwendung dieser Methoden jedoch nicht möglich, da die Gefügematrix nur unzureichend erfaßt wird (Vetiska, A., Gießereitechnik 23 (1977) 5, S. 141-144; Pawlowski, Z., Gießereitechnik 28 (1982) 3, S. 81-85; Kipka, S., Anhofer, T., Gießereitechnik 27 (1981) 3, S. 84-85; Richter, H. U., Linke, D., Gießereitechnik 35 (1988) 3, S. 92-94).Ultrasonic speed is part of the state of the art measurement in the microstructure and characteristic value analysis of Cast iron materials (e.g. regarding the determination of the Share of globular graphite). The ultrasound speed However, speed is a. depending on the amount, size, Number and shape of the graphite embedded. These factors again determine the mechanical Properties of a casting. One with the destructive one Testing comparable exact non-destructive determination of mechanical parameters on workpieces made of cast iron with lamellar or globular graphite or others Cast iron materials regardless of their batch or Assortment have so far been using these methods however, not possible because the structure matrix only insufficient coverage (Vetiska, A., Gießereitechnik 23 (1977) 5, pp. 141-144; Pawlowski, Z., foundry technology 28 (1982) 3, pp. 81-85; Kipka, S., Anhofer, T., Gießereitechnik 27 (1981) 3, pp. 84-85; Richter, H. U., Linke, D., Gießereitechnik 35 (1988) 3, pp. 92-94).

Andererseits ist bekannt, daß magnetische und magnetinduktive Prüfverfahren eingesetzt werden, um Aufschlüsse über Legierungs-, Fehler-, Dimensions- und Gefügeprobleme zu erhalten, um damit das Grundgefüge zu charakterisieren. Beispielsweise widerspiegelt die Koerzitivfeldstärke die Gefügeausbildung, speziell das Ferrit/Perlit-Verhältnis (Matrix) in Eisengußwerkstoffen recht gut (Heptner, H., Stroppe, Dt. Verlag für Grund­ stoffindustrie 1972; Glistau, G., TU Magdeburg 1988). On the other hand, it is known that magnetic and Magnetic induction test methods are used to Information about alloy, defect, dimension and To get structural problems in order to get the basic structure characterize. For example, reflects Coercive field strength the microstructure, especially that Ferrite / pearlite ratio (matrix) in cast iron materials quite good (Heptner, H., Stroppe, Dt. Verlag für Grund fabric industry 1972; Glistau, G., TU Magdeburg 1988).  

Beide dargestellten Meßverfahren der zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung werden einzeln und unabhängig voneinander seit längerem für Qualitätsuntersuchungen herangezogen. Eine exakte Bestimmung von mechanischen Kenngrößen bei Eisengußwerkstoffen, insbesondere verschiedener Chargen unterschiedlicher Hersteller, war bisher auf diesem Wege nicht möglich.Both of the measuring methods shown are non-destructive Material testing is done individually and independently from each other for a long time for quality investigations used. An exact determination of mechanical Parameters for cast iron materials, in particular different batches from different manufacturers so far not possible in this way.

Zur Qualitätssicherung war es daher notwendig, die zeit- und kostenaufwendige Probenvorbereitung und -analyse der zerstörenden Werkstoffprüfung anzuwenden, um die konstruktiv und technologisch geforderten mechanischen Eigenschaften von Bauteilen aus Eisengußwerkstoffen nachzuweisen.For quality assurance it was therefore necessary to and costly sample preparation and analysis of the destructive material testing to apply the constructively and technologically required mechanical Properties of components made of cast iron materials to prove.

Die Erfindung hat das Problem zum Inhalt, Verfahren und Einrichtung zur zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung an Eisengußwerkstoffen zu entwickeln, um unmittelbar am Bauteil exakte und objektiv reproduzierbare Kenndaten über die jeweils vorliegenden mechanischen Eigenschaften des Materials zu erhalten.The invention has the problem of content, method and Device for non-destructive material testing To develop cast iron materials in order to immediately Component exact and objectively reproducible characteristic data about the respective mechanical properties of the Get material.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung analog Anspruch 1 beinhaltet, daß die an sich bekannten und bisher unabhängig voneinander angewendeten Verfahren der Ultra­ schallgeschwindigkeitsmessung einerseits und der magnetischen Koerzitivfeldstärkemessung andererseits in einem korrelativen Zusammenhang gebracht werden und durch ihre Kombination sowie durch ihre meßtechnische und datenmäßige Verknüpfung sofort exakte Werte für solche Kenngrößen, wie z. B. Zugfestigkeit [Rm], Dehngrenze [Rp0,2], Härtewerte [HB, HV, HR], Bruchdehnung [A₅] am Bauteil ermittelt werden können.The solution according to the invention according to claim 1 includes that the known and previously independently used methods of ultrasonic speed measurement on the one hand and the magnetic coercive force measurement on the other hand are brought into a correlative relationship and through their combination as well as through their metrological and data link immediately exact values for such Parameters such as B. tensile strength [R m ], yield strength [R p0.2 ], hardness values [HB, HV, HR], elongation at break [A₅] can be determined on the component.

Die Einrichtungen zur Durchführung zerstörungsfreier Kennwertermittlungen für die Festigkeitseigenschaften realer Bauteile aus Gußeisenwerkstoffen sind in den Ansprüchen 2 und 3 beschrieben. The facilities for carrying out non-destructive Determination of characteristic values for the strength properties Real components made of cast iron materials are in the Claims 2 and 3 described.  

Damit wird durch die Nutzung des Zusammenhangs und der Kombination der beiden an sich bekannten Meßsysteme eine neue Verfahrensführung und Einrichtung geschaffen und angewendet, so daß man in der Lage ist, aus den Kennwerten der Ultraschallgeschwindigkeits- und der magnetischen Koerzitivfeldstärkemessung die relevante Zielgröße innerhalb der mechanischen Eigenschaften zu bestimmen.This is by using the context and the Combination of the two measuring systems known per se new procedure and facility created and applied, so that one is able from the Characteristic values of the ultrasonic speed and the magnetic coercive force measurement the relevant Target size within the mechanical properties too determine.

Mit der Einführung dieser Lösung in die Praxis, unter weitestgehendem Verzicht auf die Anwendung der zerstörenden Werkstoffprüfung bei Eisengußwerkstoffen, entstehen bedeutende wirtschaftliche Vorteile, da einerseits eine konventionelle Prüfung entfallen kann, weil tatsächlich die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Gußstückes und nicht einer Vergleichsprobe geprüft werden und andererseits eine Rückkopplung zur Optimierung konstruktiver und fertigungstechnischer Gestaltung des Gußstückes gegeben ist.With the implementation of this solution in practice, under largely refrain from using the destructive material testing for cast iron materials, significant economic advantages arise because on the one hand, a conventional test can be omitted, because actually the mechanical properties of the Casting and not a comparative sample checked and on the other hand feedback for optimization constructive and manufacturing design of the Casting is given.

Die Erfindung soll anhand der in der Figur dargestellten Anordnung der Teile in der Einrichtung erläutert werden.The invention is based on that shown in the figure Arrangement of parts in the facility will be explained.

Die Meßsonde besteht aus dem Magnetisierungsteil, gekennzeichnet durch das Magnetjoch 1, die Magnetisierungsspulen 2, verbunden mit einer Stromquelle 3, einer Magnetfeldsonde 4, gekoppelt mit dem Magnetfeld­ stärkemeßgerät 5 und dem Ultraschallgeschwindigkeits­ meßteil, bestehend aus Prüfkopf 6 und Meßgerät 7. Der Magnetisierungsteil bewirkt die Magnetisierung des Werkstückes 8 bis zur Sättigung und die Einstellung der Koerzitivfeldstärke, welche erforderlich ist, um die maximale remanente Magnetisierung des Werkstückes 8 aufzuheben. Der Ultraschallgeschwindigkeitsmeßteil gewährleistet die Messung der Laufzeit von mit dem Prüfkopf in das Werkstück eingeleiteten Ultraschallimpul­ sen. Die Verarbeitung der von der Meßsonde gelieferten Daten erfolgt mit Hilfe eines Prozeßrechners als integriertem Bestandteil der gesamten tragbaren mobilen Meßeinrichtung.The measuring probe consists of the magnetizing part, characterized by the magnetic yoke 1 , the magnetizing coils 2 , connected to a current source 3 , a magnetic field probe 4 , coupled to the magnetic field strength measuring device 5 and the ultrasonic speed measuring part, consisting of test head 6 and measuring device 7 . The magnetization part causes the magnetization of the workpiece 8 to saturation and the setting of the coercive field strength, which is necessary to cancel the maximum remanent magnetization of the workpiece 8 . The ultrasonic speed measuring part ensures the measurement of the transit time of ultrasonic pulses introduced into the workpiece with the test head. The data supplied by the measuring probe is processed with the aid of a process computer as an integrated component of the entire portable mobile measuring device.

Bei Bedarf können Ultraschallprüfköpfe sowohl für Longitudinalwellen als auch für Transversalwellen eingesetzt werden, so daß die Messung auch Werte für die elastischen Konstanten der Werkstücke zu liefern imstande ist. Auch gestattet die Ultraschallsonde die defektoskopi­ sche Feststellung von Ungänzen innerhalb der Streugrenzen für die Ultraschallgeschwindigkeit eines Werkstücksortimentes, weil bei Vorhandensein von Ungänzen vor der reflektierenden Gegenfläche des Werkstückes eine außerhalb der Werkstofftoleranz liegende Laufzeit- bzw. Schallgeschwindigkeitsänderung festgestellt werden kann. Damit erweist sich das Verfahren überlegen gegenüber der konventionellen Untersuchung der mechanischen Eigenschaften, z. B. am Zugstab.If necessary, ultrasonic probes can be used for both Longitudinal waves as well as transverse waves be used so that the measurement also values for the able to deliver elastic constants of the workpieces is. The ultrasound probe also allows the defectoscopy Determination of discrepancies within the spreading limits for the ultrasonic speed of a Workpiece assortment, because in the presence of Incomplete in front of the reflective counter surface of the Workpiece is outside the material tolerance Change in transit time or speed of sound found can be. The procedure thus proves to be superior compared to the conventional investigation of mechanical Properties, e.g. B. on the tension rod.

Am ungänzenfreien Werkstück wird eine Genauigkeit der Bestimmung der mechanischen Kennwerte erreicht, die dem zerstörenden Prüfverfahren nach DIN 50 145 mindestens entspricht.An accuracy of the Determination of the mechanical characteristics achieved that the destructive test methods according to DIN 50 145 at least corresponds.

Claims (3)

1. Verfahren zur zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung an Bauteilen aus Eisengußwerkstoffen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ultraschallgeschwindigkeits- und die magnetische Koerzitivfeldstärkemessung unter der Bedingung, daß die Bestimmung der Ultraschallgeschwindigkeit während der Magnetisierung des zu prüfenden Werkstückes erfolgt, zur Anwendung kommen.1. A method for non-destructive material testing on components made of cast iron materials, characterized in that the ultrasonic speed and the magnetic coercive force measurement are used under the condition that the ultrasonic speed is determined during the magnetization of the workpiece to be tested. 2. Einrichtung zur zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an einem Magnetjoch (1), an dessen Jochbeine Magnetisierungsspulen (2) angeordnet und mit einer Stromquelle (3) verbunden sind, mittig zu den Magnetisierungsspulen (2) eine Magnetfeldsonde (4), gekoppelt mit einem Magnetfeldstärkemesser (5) befestigt ist und daß unterhalb der Magnetfeldsonde (4) mittig und zu gleicher Ebene zwischen den Jochbeinen der Ultraschallprüfkopf (6), der mit dem Ultraschallgeschwindigkeitsmeßgerät (7) in Verbindung steht, angeordnet ist.2. A device for non-destructive testing of materials, characterized in that arranged on a magnetic yoke (1), at the cheekbones magnetizing coils (2) and connected to a power source (3), centrally in relation to the magnetization coil (2) a magnetic field probe (4), coupled is attached with a magnetic field strength meter ( 5 ) and that below the magnetic field probe ( 4 ) in the middle and at the same level between the zygomatic bones the ultrasonic probe ( 6 ), which is connected to the ultrasonic speed measuring device ( 7 ), is arranged. 3. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Magnetfeldstärkemesser (5) und das Ultraschallgeschwindigkeitsmeßgerät (7) mit einem Prozeßrechner (9) gekoppelt sind.3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the magnetic field strength meter ( 5 ) and the ultrasonic speed measuring device ( 7 ) are coupled to a process computer ( 9 ).
DE19914116208 1991-05-17 1991-05-17 Non-destructive testing of material at structural parts of cast iron@ - using ultrasonic speed and magnetic coercivity field strength measurement with condition that speed is determined during magnetisation of workpiece Withdrawn DE4116208A1 (en)

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DE4301622C1 (en) * 1993-01-22 1994-02-24 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Ultrasonic appts., for metal structure determn. - has two ultrasonic transducers, useful in quality control of hot extruded powder metallurgical alloy
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4301622C1 (en) * 1993-01-22 1994-02-24 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Ultrasonic appts., for metal structure determn. - has two ultrasonic transducers, useful in quality control of hot extruded powder metallurgical alloy
EP1116952A2 (en) * 2000-01-12 2001-07-18 Bwg Bergwerk- Und Walzwerk-Maschinenbau Gmbh Method and device for contact-free measurement of the planarity of ferromagnetic metal sheets
EP1116952A3 (en) * 2000-01-12 2005-04-06 Bwg Bergwerk- Und Walzwerk-Maschinenbau Gmbh Method and device for contact-free measurement of the planarity of ferromagnetic metal sheets

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