DE4206584A1 - Ultrasonic welding appts. and welding process - comprises ultrasonic generator, welding unit, tool with converter and horn and temp. sensor recording temp. at welding point - Google Patents
Ultrasonic welding appts. and welding process - comprises ultrasonic generator, welding unit, tool with converter and horn and temp. sensor recording temp. at welding pointInfo
- Publication number
- DE4206584A1 DE4206584A1 DE19924206584 DE4206584A DE4206584A1 DE 4206584 A1 DE4206584 A1 DE 4206584A1 DE 19924206584 DE19924206584 DE 19924206584 DE 4206584 A DE4206584 A DE 4206584A DE 4206584 A1 DE4206584 A1 DE 4206584A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- welding
- sonotrode
- ultrasound
- temperature
- control unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/349—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
- B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
- B29C66/81811—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
- B29C66/81812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws the welding jaws being cooled from the outside, e.g. by blowing a gas or spraying a liquid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
- B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
- B29C66/91216—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods enabling contactless temperature measurements, e.g. using a pyrometer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
- B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
- B29C66/91231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the joining tool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
- B29C66/91421—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
- B29C66/91431—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being kept constant over time
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
- B29C66/91641—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
- B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
- B29C66/961—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/27—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing element responsive to radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
- B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
- B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
- B29C66/861—Hand-held tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
- B29C66/863—Robotised, e.g. mounted on a robot arm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/94—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
- B29C66/944—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time by controlling or regulating the time
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
- B29C66/967—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving special data inputs or special data outputs, e.g. for monitoring purposes
- B29C66/9674—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving special data inputs or special data outputs, e.g. for monitoring purposes involving special data outputs, e.g. special data display means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
- B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten eines Bauteils bzw. Verbinden zweier Bauteile mittels Ultraschall, mit einem Ultraschallerzeuger und einer Ultraschallanlage, wobei die Ultraschallanlage eine Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung mit einem Konverter und einer Sonotrode aufweist. Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Verbinden zweier Bauteile mittels Ultraschall, bei der ein Ultraschallerzeuger eine Sonotrode über einen Konverter in Schwingung versetzt.The invention relates to a device for processing a Component or connecting two components using ultrasound, with an ultrasound generator and an ultrasound system, the ultrasound system being an ultrasound welding device with a converter and a sonotrode. Furthermore The invention relates to a method for connecting two Components using ultrasound, in which an ultrasound generator a sonotrode vibrates via a converter.
Das Verbinden von Bauteilen mittels Ultraschall wird in neuzeitigen Fertigungsverfahren immer häufiger verwendet. Mittels dieses Preßschweißverfahrens werden unter anderem Punkt-, Naht- und Stumpfschweißungen erzielt, indem die Energie von Ultraschallschwingungen konzentriert und dadurch die Schweißstelle plastifiziert und die Materialien miteinander verbunden werden. Die Schwingungen werden über die Sonotrode senkrecht zur Spannkraft der Bauteile auf das Werkstück übertragen, welches an der Schweißstelle erwärmt wird. Dabei werden Oxidhäute aufgerissen, Rauhigkeiten eingeebnet und eine Verschweißung der beiden Bauteile erreicht. Mit diesem Preßschweißverfahren werden vor allem dünne Bleche und Drähte mit dickeren Unterlagen verschweißt, wobei Metalle, wie Aluminium, Kupfer, Messing, Silber, Gold, Titan, Tantal und Molybdän, und insbesondere thermoplastische Kunststoffe jeweils miteinander verbunden werden. Das Ultraschallschweißen hat den Vorteil, daß auch relativ große Bauteile mit relativ kleinen Bauteilen problemlos und sicher miteinander verbindbar sind.The connection of components using ultrasound is described in modern manufacturing processes are increasingly used. By means of this pressure welding process, among other things Spot, butt and butt welds achieved by the Energy concentrated by ultrasonic vibrations and thereby the weld is plasticized and the materials be connected to each other. The vibrations are over the Sonotrode perpendicular to the clamping force of the components on the Transfer workpiece that heats up at the welding point becomes. Oxide skins are torn open, roughness leveled and a weld of the two components reached. With this pressure welding process, above all thin sheets and wires welded to thicker bases, where metals such as aluminum, copper, brass, silver, gold, Titanium, tantalum and molybdenum, and especially thermoplastic Plastics are connected to each other. The Ultrasonic welding has the advantage that it is also relatively large Components with relatively small components easily and safely are interconnectable.
Für hochwertige Schweißverbindungen ist es unbedingt erforderlich, daß stets gleiche Arbeitsbedingungen für die Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung vorliegen. Außerdem sollen weder die miteinander zu verbindenden Bauteile noch die Schweißeinrichtung beschädigt werden. In der Regel werden die einzelnen Schweißparameter empirisch ermittelt und vor Beginn der Verschweißung der Bauteile am Ultraschallerzeuger bzw. an der Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung eingestellt. Ändert sich jedoch z. B. die Dicke des Bauteils, so nimmt in der Regel die Anpreßkraft zu, was eine Temperaturerhöhung der Schweißstelle nach sich zieht. Aus den EP 04 21 019 A1, EP 02 08 310 A1 und DE 39 21 653 A1 ist bekannt, daß die Hubgeschwindigkeit der pneumatischen Vorschubeinrichtung der Sontorode in Abhängigkeit der Anpreßkraft gesteuert wird. Ferner ist bekannt, daß die Auslösung und Beendigung der Schallabgabe in Abhängigkeit des Hubs oder der Anpreßkraft oder der in das Werkstück eingebrachten Energie gesteuert wird. Bei diesen Anlagen muß jedoch stets während des Schweißbetriebes die Schweißstelle kontrolliert werden bzw. müssen nach erfolgter Schweißung die einzelnen Schweißstellen stichprobenartigen Kontrollen unterzogen werden, um Fehlschweißungen aufzufinden und weitere Fehlschweißungen zu vermeiden, indem der Ultraschallerzeuger und/oder die Schweißeinrichtungen neu eingestellt bzw. justiert werden. Diese Vorgehensweise ist nicht nur umständlich und zeitaufwendig, sie gewährleistet auch keine gleichbleibende Qualität bei der Verschweißung zweier Bauteile.It is essential for high quality welded joints required that always the same working conditions for the Ultrasonic welding device are available. In addition, neither the components to be connected to each other The welding device may be damaged. As a rule, the individual welding parameters determined empirically and before the start the welding of the components to the ultrasonic generator or the ultrasonic welding device. Changes however, e.g. B. the thickness of the component, so usually takes Contact pressure too, which increases the temperature of the weld entails. From EP 04 21 019 A1, EP 02 08 310 A1 and DE 39 21 653 A1 is known that the lifting speed of the pneumatic feed device of the Sontorode in Dependence of the contact pressure is controlled. Furthermore is known that the triggering and termination of sound emission in Dependence of the stroke or the contact pressure or the in Work piece energy is controlled. With these However, systems must always be used during welding The welding point must be checked or must be checked after the Welding the individual welds randomly Checks are carried out to find incorrect welds and to avoid further weld failures by using the Ultrasonic generator and / or the welding equipment new be adjusted or adjusted. This procedure is not only cumbersome and time consuming, it ensures also no constant quality in the welding two components.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art derart weiterzubilden, daß mit diesem die Qualitätsschwankungen der Schweißstelle zweier Bauteile wesentlich verringert werden.The invention is therefore based on the object Device and a method of the type mentioned to develop such that with this Fluctuations in the quality of the weld between two components be significantly reduced.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Ultraschallanlage mit einer Temperaturmeßeinheit versehen ist, welche die Temperatur der Schweißstelle und/oder die Temperatur der Sonotrodenspitze erfaßt und daß die Temperaturmeßeinheit mit einer den Ultraschallerzeuger ansteuernden Steuereinheit verbunden ist.This task is carried out in a method of the aforementioned Art solved according to the invention in that the ultrasound system is provided with a temperature measuring unit, which the Temperature of the weld and / or the temperature of the Sonotrode tip detected and that the temperature measuring unit with a control unit that controls the ultrasound generator connected is.
Durch das Anbringen einer Temperaturmeßeinheit an der Ultraschallanlage kann die Temperatur der Schweißstelle und/oder die Temperatur der Sonotrodenspitze gezielt und ständig überwacht werden. Aus der Temperatur der Schweißstelle können bei einem Abweichen der Temperatur vom Sollwert Rückschlüsse auf die Güte der Schweißverbindung gezogen werden, und es können bei einem Abweichen der Temperatur vom Sollwert die Schweißparameter für die Schweißeinrichtung sofort verändert werden. Für die Auswertung der Temperaturmeßwerte ist eine Steuereinheit vorgesehen, in der die Meßwerte weiterverarbeitet werden und in Form von Steuersignalen dem Ultraschallerzeuger zugeleitet werden. Dieser steuert dann die Schweißeinrichtung gezielt derart an, daß die Temperaturwerte wieder ihren Sollwert einnehmen. Auf diese Weise ist eine hohe Qualität der Schweißverbindung gewährleistet und die Schweißeinrichtung kann auf Materialveränderungen der Bauteile sowohl im mikroskopischen ale auch im makroskopischen Bereich unmittelbar reagieren. Änderungen im Gefüge oder Änderungen in den Abmessungen der Bauteile bewirken somit keine Qualitätsveränderungen insbesondere Qualitätseinbußen der Schweißverbindung. By attaching a temperature measuring unit to the Ultrasound system can measure the temperature of the weld and / or the temperature of the sonotrode tip is targeted and are constantly monitored. From the temperature of the weld can occur if the temperature deviates from the setpoint Conclusions drawn about the quality of the welded joint and, if the temperature deviates from Setpoint the welding parameters for the welding device can be changed immediately. For the evaluation of the A measured value is provided in a control unit in which the measured values are further processed and in the form of Control signals are fed to the ultrasound generator. The latter then specifically controls the welding device in such a way that the temperature values return to their setpoint. On this way is a high quality welded joint guaranteed and the welding device can on Material changes in the components both in microscopic react immediately also in the macroscopic area. Changes in the structure or changes in the dimensions of the Components therefore do not cause quality changes especially loss of quality of the welded joint.
Die Erfassung der Temperatur der Sonotrodenspitze hat den Vorteil, daß die Standzeit der Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung erhöht werden kann, insbesondere kann ein Bruch der Sontorode aufgrund von Überlastung vermieden werden. Ferner hat eine gleichbleibende Temperatur der Sonotrodenspitze einen günstigen Einfluß auf die Schweißqualität.The detection of the temperature of the sonotrode tip has the Advantage that the service life of the ultrasonic welding device can be increased, in particular can break the Sontorode avoided due to overload. Furthermore, one constant temperature of the sonotrode tip favorable influence on the welding quality.
Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist vorgesehen, daß die Temperaturmeßeinheit als berührungsloses Meßsystem, z. B. mit einem Infrarotsensor oder einem Strahlungspyrometer, ausgebildet ist. Berührungslose Meßsysteme weisen den Vorteil auf, daß durch die Messung der Temperatur die Schweißstelle selbst nicht beeinflußt wird und daher eine kontinuierliche Messung erfolgen kann. Außerdem weisen berührungslose Meßsysteme den Vorteil auf, daß sie verschleißfrei arbeiten.In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the temperature measuring unit as a non-contact measuring system, e.g. B. with an infrared sensor or a radiation pyrometer, is trained. Non-contact measuring systems have the advantage on that by measuring the temperature of the weld itself is not affected and therefore a continuous Measurement can take place. Also point out non-contact Measuring systems have the advantage that they work without wear.
Bei einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel ist vorgesehen, daß die Temperaturmeßeinheit als berührendes Meßsystem, z. B. mit einem Thermoelement oder dgl., ausgebildet ist. Dieses Meßsystem hat den Vorteil, daß es z. B. an der Sonotrodenspitze befestigt sein kann, so daß ausschließlich die Temperatur der Sonotrodenspitze gemessen wird und dadurch Fehlmessungen ausgeschlossen werden. Das Thermoelement kann auch auf der Schweißnaht geführt sein. Thermoelemente besitzen zudem den Vorteil, daß sie kostengünstig in der Anschaffung sind. Ferner kann mit Thermoelementen die Temperatur der Sonotrodenspitze exakt bestimmt werden.In another embodiment it is provided that the Temperature measuring unit as a touching measuring system, e.g. B. with a Thermocouple or the like. Is formed. This measuring system has the advantage that it z. B. attached to the sonotrode tip can, so that only the temperature of the sonotrode tip is measured and thereby incorrect measurements are excluded. The thermocouple can also be guided on the weld seam. Thermocouples also have the advantage that they are inexpensive to purchase. Furthermore, with Thermocouples the temperature of the sonotrode tip exactly be determined.
Bei einer Weiterbildung ist vorgesehen, daß die Ultraschallanlage als Schweißpresse, Mehrkopfautomat, Roboterwerkzeug, Handpistole oder dergleichen ausgebildet ist. Die Ultraschallanlage ist nicht auf einen speziellen Anlagetyp beschränkt, sondern kann in jeder Fügestation einer Fertigungslinie vorgesehen sein, in der Bauteile mittels Ultraschall miteinander verbunden, insbesondere preßverschweißt werden.In a further training it is provided that the Ultrasonic system as a welding press, multi-head machine, Robot tool, hand gun or the like is formed. The ultrasound system is not a special type of system limited, but can be in each joining station Production line can be provided in the components by means of Ultrasonically linked, in particular be pressure welded.
Eine besonders einfache Verarbeitung der Temperaturmeßwerte in der Steuereinheit wird dadurch erzielt, daß diese einen Personal Computer (PC) aufweist. Mittels dieses PCs können Temperaturdaten mit Sollwerten verglichen werden und bei einer Abweichung können entsprechende Steuersignale an den Ultraschallerzeuger ausgegeben werden. Ferner können die Temperaturwerte gespeichert werden, um sie für einen späteren Vergleich mit anderen aktuellen Temperaturmeßwerten heranziehen zu können.Particularly easy processing of the temperature measurements in the control unit is achieved in that this one Has personal computer (PC). Using this PC you can Temperature data are compared with setpoints and at a Deviation can appropriate control signals to the Ultrasound generator are issued. Furthermore, the Temperature values are saved to be used for later Comparison with other current temperature measurements to be able to use.
Bevorzugt ist die Steuereinheit mit einer weiteren Steueranlage, z. B. eines Handhabungsgeräts, einer Presse oder dergleichen, verbunden. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung als komplette Baueinheit in eine Fertigungsanlage integrierbar ist und sowohl die Steueranlage abhängig von den Steuersignalen der Steuereinheit den Fertigungsablauf beeinflußt, bzw. die Steueranlage über die Steuereinheit den Ultraschallerzeuger ansteuert.The control unit with another is preferred Control system, e.g. B. a handling device, a press or the like, connected. This has the advantage that the Device according to the invention as a complete unit in one Manufacturing system can be integrated and both the control system depending on the control signals from the control unit Influenced production process, or the control system on the Control unit controls the ultrasound generator.
Eine bevorzugte Maßnahme zur Qualitätssicherung der Schweißverbindung wird darin gesehen, daß die Ultraschallanlage mit einer Kühlvorrichtung versehen ist. Mittels dieser Kühlvorrichtung kann die Sonotrodenspitze bei Überhitzung gekühlt werden, so daß deren Temperatur nicht nur durch Ansteuerung des Hubs bzw. der Amplitude oder der Frequenz, sondern auch durch gezielte Kühlung, regelbar ist. Dabei steht die Kühlvorrichtung mit der Sonotrodenspitze direkt in Verbindung. Sie ist bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel als Blasdüse ausgebildet, durch die die Sonotrodenspitze mittels Druckluft beaufschlagt werden kann. Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform ist die Kühlvorrichtung als die Sonotrodenspitze umgebende aber nicht berührende Ringdüse ausgebildet.A preferred measure for quality assurance of the Welded joint is seen in that the Ultrasound system is provided with a cooling device. By means of this cooling device, the sonotrode tip can Overheating are cooled so that their temperature is not only by controlling the stroke or the amplitude or the Frequency, but also by targeted cooling, is adjustable. The cooling device stands with the sonotrode tip directly in connection. It is with a preferred one Embodiment designed as a blowing nozzle through which The tip of the sonotrode can be pressurized with compressed air. In another embodiment, the cooling device is as ring nozzle surrounding but not touching the tip of the sonotrode educated.
Die o.g. Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Temperatur der Schweißstelle und/oder die Temperatur der Sonotrodenspitze gemessen und einer Steuereinheit zugeleitet werden, daß die Temperaturmeßwerte in der Steuereinheit zu Steuersignalen weiterverarbeitet werden und daß der Ultraschallerzeuger in Abhängigkeit dieser Steuersignale die Schweißparameter für die Sonotrode und/oder für eine die zu verschweißenden Bauteile führenden Einrichtung einstellt. The above Task is in a process of the beginning mentioned type according to the invention solved in that the Temperature of the weld and / or the temperature of the Sonotrode tip measured and fed to a control unit be that the temperature readings in the control unit too Control signals are processed and that the Ultrasound generator depending on these control signals Welding parameters for the sonotrode and / or for one adjusts the welding components leading device.
In Abhängigkeit der Temperatur der Schweißstelle bzw. der Temperatur der Sonotrodenspitze wird also nicht nur die Ultraschweißanlage selbst beeinflußt, sondern es kann auch z. B. die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit der Bauteile verändert werden, wodurch auf die Schweißverbindung ebenfalls gezielt eingewirkt wird.Depending on the temperature of the weld or the So the temperature of the tip of the sonotrode is not just that Ultrasonic welding system affects itself, but it can also e.g. B. changed the feed speed of the components are also aimed at the welded joint is acted upon.
Bevorzugt stellt die Steuereinheit die Schweißparameter mit Hilfe eines oder mehrerer Kennfelder ein. Kennfelder sind z. B. bereits aus modernen Zündanlagen für Kraftfahrzeuge bekannt, wo ebenfalls mehrere Fahrzeugdaten zueinander in Verbindung gesetzt und die entsprechenden Zündparameter bestimmt werden. Anhand des bzw. der Kennfelder können somit nicht nur einzelne Schweißparameter wie Amplitude oder Anpreßkraft eingestellt werden, sondern es können eine Vielzahl von Schweißparameter gleichzeitig oder nacheinander verändert werden. So können z. B. die Schweißenergie, die Schweißzeit, die Haltezeit, der Schweißweg, die Anpreßkraft, die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit, die Amplitude, die Frequenz, der Beginn bzw. das Ende der Schallabgabe usw. geregelt werden. Diese Aufzählung soll nicht abschließend verstanden werden.The control unit preferably provides the welding parameters Using one or more maps. Maps are z. B. already known from modern ignition systems for motor vehicles, where also several vehicle data are related to each other are set and the corresponding ignition parameters are determined. Based on the map (s), not only individual ones can Welding parameters such as amplitude or contact pressure set but can be a variety of welding parameters can be changed simultaneously or in succession. So can e.g. B. the welding energy, the welding time, the holding time, the Welding path, the contact pressure, the feed rate, the Amplitude, the frequency, the beginning or the end of the Sound emission, etc. are regulated. This list is not meant to be finally be understood.
Ein weiterer Vorzug wird darin gesehen, daß als Eingangsgröße für das Einstellen der Schweißparameter neben der Temperaturmeßwerte z. B. die Schweißenergie, die Schweißzeit, die Haltezeit, der Schweißweg, die Anpreßkraft, die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit, die Frequenz und/oder die Amplitude verwendet werden. Die Schweißparameter fließen also ebenfalls als Eingangswerte in die Steuereinheit ein und werden zur Berechnung der neuen Schweißparameter wieder verwendet.Another advantage is seen as the input variable for setting the welding parameters next to the Temperature readings z. B. the welding energy, the welding time, the holding time, the welding path, the contact pressure, the Feed rate, frequency and / or amplitude be used. The welding parameters also flow as input values in the control unit and become Calculation of the new welding parameters used again.
Bei einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung wird die Sonotrodenspitze abhängig von den Schweißparametern gekühlt. Über diese Kühlung kann der Spitze und somit der Schweißstelle gezielt Energie entzogen werden, wodurch eine Überhitzung des miteinander zu verbindenden Materials wirkungsvoll verhindert wird. Außerdem wird die Bruchneigung der Sonotrode herabgesetzt.In a preferred development, the sonotrode tip cooled depending on the welding parameters. About this cooling can target energy and therefore the welding point withdrawn, causing overheating of each other connecting material is effectively prevented. Furthermore the tendency of the sonotrode to break is reduced.
Durch eine Kopplung der Steuereinheit mit einer weiteren Steueranlage, z. B. eines Handhabungsgeräts, wird die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung bzw. kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren problemlos in einen Fertigungsablauf eingegliedert werden, wobei die Steueranlage in die Ansteuerung der Ultraschweißeinrichtung und/oder die Steuereinheit der Ultraschallanlage in die Steueranlage des Handhabungsgeräts steuernd eingreifen kann.By coupling the control unit with another Control system, e.g. B. a handling device, the device according to the invention or can the invention Process easily integrated into a production process be, the control system in the control of the Ultrasonic welding device and / or the control unit of the Ultrasound system in the control system of the handling device can intervene in a controlling manner.
Bevorzugt wird über die Steuereinheit und/oder die Steueranlage der Schweißvorgang der Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung gesteuert oder geregelt. Wunschgemäß können beliebige und beliebig viele Parameter für die Regelstrecke gewählt werden.Preference is given to the control unit and / or Control system of the welding process Controlled or regulated ultrasonic welding device. Any number of parameters for the controlled system can be selected.
Die oben genannte Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß auch dadurch gelöst, daß abhängig von einem oder mehreren Schweißparametern die Schwingungsamplitude und/oder die Schwingungsfrequenz der Sonotrode verändert wird. Die Schwingunsgamplitude und/oder die Schwingungsfrequenz der Sonotrode kann z. B. in Abhängigkeit des Schweißweges, der Anpreßkraft, der Vorschubgeschwindigkeit, der Schweißzeit und/oder der Schweißtemperatur geregelt werden. Hierdurch wird die Möglichkeit geschaffen, daß durch eine gezielte Veränderung der Amplitude bzw. der Frequenz der Sonotrode Einfluß auf die Schweißstelle genommen wird. Dadurch können sowohl Beschädigungen des Werkstoffs der miteinander zu verbindenden Bauteile bzw. des zu bearbeitenden Bauteils als auch eine Beschädigung der Sonotrode selbst vermieden werden.The above task is carried out in a method of at the outset mentioned type also solved according to the invention that depending on one or more welding parameters Vibration amplitude and / or the vibration frequency of the Sonotrode is changed. The vibration amplitude and / or the oscillation frequency of the sonotrode can e.g. B. in Dependence of the welding path, the contact pressure, the Feed rate, welding time and / or the Welding temperature can be regulated. This will make the Possibility created by a targeted change the amplitude or frequency of the sonotrode influence the Weld is taken. This allows both Damage to the material to be joined Components or the component to be machined as well as a Damage to the sonotrode itself can be avoided.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform wird die Frequenz durch Änderung des Schwingkreises des Ultraschallerzeugers geändert. Außerdem wird die Amplitude durch Änderung der an die Sontorode angelegten Spannung geändert. Diese Änderung kann in einem weiteren Bereich erfolgen, so daß nahezu allen Schweißbedürfnissen Rechnung getragen werden kann. Auf diese Weise kann die Schweißeinrichtung an die unterschiedlichsten Materialien und Materialstärken angepaßt werden.In an advantageous embodiment, the frequency by changing the resonant circuit of the ultrasonic generator changed. In addition, the amplitude is changed by changing the the Sontorode applied voltage changed. This change can be done in a wider area, so that almost all Welding needs can be taken into account. To this The welding device can be used in a wide variety of ways Materials and material thicknesses can be adjusted.
Bei einer Weiterbildung ist vorgesehen, daß die Frequenz derart geändert wird, daß der Schwingungsbauch der Ultraschallschwingung in der Ebene oder außerhalb der Ebene des freien Sonotrodenspitzenendes liegt. Hierdurch kann gezielt die Energienkonzentration in das freie Sonotrodenspitzenende gelegt oder aus diesem heraus verschoben werden. Wird die Frequenz kontinuierlich innerhalb einer Bandbreite verändert, so kann gezielt ein größerer Bereich um das Sonotrodenspitzenende herum plastifiziert werden. Dabei erfolgt die Erweichung des Werkstoffs allmählich und schonend.In a further development it is provided that the frequency is changed so that the antinode Ultrasonic vibration in or out of the plane of the free end of the sonotrode tip. This can be targeted the energy concentration in the free end of the sonotrode tip placed or moved out of this. Will the Frequency changes continuously within a bandwidth, so a larger area around the Sonotrode tip end to be plasticized around. Here the material softens gradually and gently.
Durch die Veränderung der Amplitude und/oder der Frequenz wird vorteilhaft die Schweißenergie geregelt. Die üblicherweise durch zeitliche Ansteuerung der Sonotrode erfolgte Regelung der Schweißenergie kann nunmehr kontinuierlich geregelt werden, wobei die Bandbreite zwischen Null und dem Maximalwert liegt. Hierdurch können vorteilhaft Überhitzungen des Werkstoffs und/oder der Sonotrodenspitze vermieden werden.By changing the amplitude and / or the frequency advantageously regulated the welding energy. The usual regulation by time control of the sonotrode the welding energy can now be regulated continuously be, the bandwidth between zero and the maximum value lies. This can advantageously overheat the Material and / or the sonotrode tip can be avoided.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung ein besonders bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel im einzelnen beschrieben ist. Dabei ist in der Zeichnung der Aufbau der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung lediglich prinzipiell wiedergegeben.Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description, in which under A particularly preferred reference to the drawing Embodiment is described in detail. Here is in the drawing of the structure of the device according to the invention reproduced only in principle.
In der Zeichnung ist insgesamt mit 1 eine Ultraschallanlage bezeichnet, die z. B. als Schweißpresse, Mehrkopfautomat, Roboterwerkzeug, Handpistole oder dergleichen ausgeführt sein kann. In der Zeichnung ist diese Ultraschallanlage 1 lediglich schmetaisch wiedergegeben, und es sind nur die zum Verständnis der Erfindung erforderlichen Elemente gezeigt. Ferner ist neben der Ultraschallanlage 1 eine Steuereinheit 2 sowie ein Ultraschallerzeuger 3 wiedergegeben. Die Steuereinheit 2 ist über eine Kommunikationsleitung 4 mit einer Steueranlage 5 eines Handhabungsgeräts 6 verbunden.In the drawing, an ultrasound system is designated by 1 in total, which, for. B. can be designed as a welding press, multi-head machine, robot tool, hand gun or the like. In the drawing, this ultrasound system 1 is only shown schematically, and only the elements necessary for understanding the invention are shown. In addition to the ultrasound system 1, a control unit 2 and an ultrasound generator 3 are shown . The control unit 2 is connected via a communication line 4 to a control system 5 of a handling device 6 .
Die Ultraschallanlage 1 ist oberhalb eines nur schematisch wiedergegebenen Schallreflektors 7 angeordnet, auf dem die miteinander zu verbindenden Werkstücke bzw. Bauteile 8 aufliegen und ggf. eingespannt sind. Oberhalb der Bauteile 8 befindet sich eine Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung 9, die an ihrem oberen Ende mit einem Konverter 10 und an ihrem unteren Ende mit einer Sonotrode 11 versehen ist. Zwischen dem Konverter 10 und der Sonotrode 11 kann ein Booster 12 vorgesehen sein. Über nicht dargestellte Hubmittel kann die Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung 9 angehoben bzw. auf die Bauteile 8 abgesenkt werden, so daß sie mit einer bestimmten Anpreßkraft auf diesen aufliegt. Die Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung 9 ist über Verbindungsmittel 13 mit dem Ultraschallerzeuger 3 verbunden, der die Schwingungsfrequenz und/oder die Amplitude der Sonotrode 11 bestimmt.The ultrasound system 1 is arranged above a only schematically reproduced sound reflector 7 , on which the workpieces or components 8 to be connected rest and are possibly clamped. Above the components 8 there is an ultrasonic welding device 9 , which is provided at its upper end with a converter 10 and at its lower end with a sonotrode 11 . A booster 12 can be provided between the converter 10 and the sonotrode 11 . The lifting device 9 , which is not shown, can be raised or lowered onto the components 8 by means of lifting means (not shown) so that it rests on the components with a certain contact pressure. The ultrasonic welding device 9 is connected via connecting means 13 to the ultrasonic generator 3 , which determines the oscillation frequency and / or the amplitude of the sonotrode 11 .
In unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft zur Schweißstelle 14 ist eine Temperaturmeßeinheit 15 vorgesehen, die berührungslos die Temperatur der Schweißstelle 14 mißt, was z. B. mittels eines Infrarotsensors oder Strahlungspyrometers erfolgt. Die Temperaturmeßeinheit kann auch so ausgebildet sein, daß sie die Temperatur der Sonotrodenspitze 16 erfaßt. Diese Temperaturmeßeinheit 15 ist über eine Leitung 17 mit der Steuereinheit 2 verbunden, in der die Temperaturmeßdaten ausgewertet und ggf. gespeichert werden. Bei der Weiterverarbeitung werden Kennfelder zur Hilfe genommen, über die dann Steuersignale für die Schweißparameter ermittelt werden, die über eine Leitung 18 dem Ultraschallerzeuger 3 zugeleitet werden. Dieser ändert in Abhängigkeit der Steuersignale ggf. die Amplitude und/oder die Schwingungsfrequenz und somit die Schweißenergie der Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung 9. Außerdem werden die Steuersingale von der Steuereinheit 2 über die Kommunikationsleitung 4 an die Steueranlage 5 weitergegeben, die ihrerseits über eine Leitung 19 das Handhabungsgerät 6 entsprechend ansteuert, was bei einer ortsfesten Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung 9 der Fall ist. So kann z. B. die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit der Bauteile 8, die Anpreßkraft dieser Bauteile 8 an die Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung 9, der Schweißweg, die Haltezeit, die Schweißzeit, usw., verändert werden. Anstelle einer Manipulation der Bauteile 8 kann auch die Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung 9 mit einem Handhabungsgerät verbunden sein, so daß durch gezielte Manipulation der Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung 9 die Parameter wunschgemäß eingestellt werden. Dies ist insbesondere dann erforderlich, wenn an den Bauteilen 8 gleichzeitig mittels mehrerer Ultraschallschweißeinrichtungen 9 mehrere Verschweißungen gleichzeitig durchgeführt werden. In diesem Fall verharren die Bauteile 8 in Ruhe und die Ultraschallschweißeinrichtungen 9 werden bewegt.In the immediate vicinity of the welding point 14 , a temperature measuring unit 15 is provided, which measures the temperature of the welding point 14 without contact. B. takes place by means of an infrared sensor or radiation pyrometer. The temperature measuring unit can also be designed such that it detects the temperature of the sonotrode tip 16 . This temperature measurement unit 15 is connected via a line 17 to the control unit 2 , in which the temperature measurement data are evaluated and possibly stored. In the case of further processing, characteristic diagrams are used, via which control signals for the welding parameters are then determined, which are fed to the ultrasound generator 3 via a line 18 . Depending on the control signals, this changes the amplitude and / or the oscillation frequency and thus the welding energy of the ultrasonic welding device 9 . In addition, the control signals are passed on from the control unit 2 via the communication line 4 to the control system 5 , which in turn controls the handling device 6 via a line 19 , which is the case with a fixed ultrasonic welding device 9 . So z. B. the feed speed of the components 8 , the contact pressure of these components 8 to the ultrasonic welding device 9 , the welding path, the holding time, the welding time, etc., are changed. Instead of manipulating the components 8 , the ultrasonic welding device 9 can also be connected to a handling device, so that the parameters are set as desired by targeted manipulation of the ultrasonic welding device 9 . This is particularly necessary if several weldings are carried out simultaneously on the components 8 by means of several ultrasonic welding devices 9 . In this case, the components 8 remain at rest and the ultrasonic welding devices 9 are moved.
Bei einer anderen, nicht dargestellten Ausführungsform kann an der Sonotrodenspitze 16 eine Temperaturmeßeinheit 15 vorgesehen sein, über die die Temperatur der Sonotrodenspitze 16 ermittelt wird. In diesem Fall ist die Temperaturmeßeinheit 15 berührend ausgebildet, was z. B. durch Thermoelemente realisierbar ist.In another embodiment, not shown, a temperature measuring unit 15 can be provided on the sonotrode tip 16 , via which the temperature of the sonotrode tip 16 is determined. In this case, the temperature measuring unit 15 is designed to be touching, which, for. B. can be realized by thermocouples.
Weiterhin ist die Ultraschweißanlage 1 mit einer Kühlvorrichtung 20 versehen, über die die Schweißstelle 14 und/oder die Sonotrodenspitze 16 gekühlt wird. Die Kühlvorrichtung 20 ist als einzelne Blasdüse oder als die Sonotrodenspitze 16 umgebende Ringdüse ausgebildet und vorzugsweise mit der Steuereinheit 2 über eine nicht dargestellte Verbindungsleitung verbunden.Furthermore, the ultrasonic welding system 1 is provided with a cooling device 20 , via which the welding point 14 and / or the sonotrode tip 16 is cooled. The cooling device 20 is designed as an individual blowing nozzle or as an annular nozzle surrounding the sonotrode tip 16 and is preferably connected to the control unit 2 via a connecting line (not shown).
Die Steuereinheit 2 ist in der Regel frei programmierbar, so daß auf ein oder mehrere Kennfelder zugeriffen werden kann. Über diese Kennfelder werden die Steuersignale ermittelt, die zur Einstellung der Schweißparameter, z. B. der Energie, der Schweißzeit, der Haltezeit, des Schweißweges, der Anpreßkraft, der Vorschubgeschwindigkeit, der Amplitude, der Frequenz, der Kühlung, des Beginns und Endes der Schallabgabe usw., erforderlich sind. Diese Schweißparameter werden nicht nur von der Temperatur der Schweißstelle 14 und/oder der Sonotrodenspitze 16, sondern auch durch die anderen oben genannten Schweißparameter selbst, beeinflußt. Die Kennfelder sind so ausgelegt, daß die Qualität der Verschweißung innerhalb einer engen Bandbreite liegt, und daher nahezu konstant ist. Außerdem wird durch die Überwachung der Temperatur der Sonotrodenspitze 16 bzw. durch deren Kühlung eine höhere Standzeit des gesamten Systems erzielt und insbesondere ein Sonotrodenbruch vermieden.The control unit 2 is generally freely programmable, so that one or more maps can be accessed. The control signals which determine the setting of the welding parameters, eg. B. the energy, the welding time, the holding time, the welding path, the contact pressure, the feed speed, the amplitude, the frequency, the cooling, the start and end of sound emission, etc. are required. These welding parameters are influenced not only by the temperature of the welding point 14 and / or the sonotrode tip 16 , but also by the other welding parameters mentioned above themselves. The maps are designed so that the quality of the welding is within a narrow range and is therefore almost constant. In addition, by monitoring the temperature of the sonotrode tip 16 or by cooling it, a longer service life of the entire system is achieved and in particular a sonotrode breakage is avoided.
Ein Anwendungsgebiet der vorliegenden Erfindung ist das Vernieten mittels thermoplastischer Niete. Nach dem Einsetzen des Niets 5 wird die Sonotrodenspitze 16 auf das freie Ende des Niets abgesenkt und diesem mittels Ultraschall Energie zugeführt, wodurch sich das Material im Bereich der Spitze erwärmt und erweicht. Dabei ändert sich das Dämpfungsverhalten des Niets und die Anpreßkraft der Sonotrode 11. Diese Eigenschaftsänderung, die eine direkte Beziehung zur Temperatur der Bearbeitungsstelle hat, kann über die Temperaturmeßeinheit 15 erfaßt werden. Über die Temperaturmeßdaten können der Ultraschallerzeuger 3 und die Transporteinrichtung für die Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung 9 angesteuert werden, wodurch einerseits die Amplitude und/oder die Frequenz der Sonotrode 11, andererseits der Schweißweg bzw. der Hub der Schweißeinrichtung 9 verändert werden. Auf diese Weise können ohne Beeinträchtigung des Materials des Niets, z. B. durch Überhitzung, optimale Bearbeitungszeiten und eine hohe Bearbeitungsqualität erzielt werden.One field of application of the present invention is riveting by means of thermoplastic rivets. After the rivet 5 has been inserted, the sonotrode tip 16 is lowered onto the free end of the rivet and energy is supplied to it by means of ultrasound, as a result of which the material in the area of the tip heats up and softens. This changes the damping behavior of the rivet and the contact pressure of the sonotrode 11 . This change in properties, which has a direct relationship to the temperature of the processing point, can be detected via the temperature measuring unit 15 . The ultrasonic generator 3 and the transport device for the ultrasonic welding device 9 can be controlled via the temperature measurement data, whereby on the one hand the amplitude and / or the frequency of the sonotrode 11 and on the other hand the welding path or the stroke of the welding device 9 are changed. In this way, without affecting the material of the rivet, for. B. can be achieved by overheating, optimal processing times and high processing quality.
Anhand des Beispiels der Vernietung soll nachfolgend auch das weitere erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kurz erläutert werden. Nachdem der Niet 5 in das Bauteil 8 eingesetzt und die Sonotrodenspitze 16 auf das freie Ende des Niets 5 abgesenkt worden ist, wird dieser mittels Ultraschall Energie zugeführt, wodurch sich der Werkstoff des Niets im Bereich seiner Spitze erwärmt und erweicht. Wie bereits erwähnt, ändert sich dadurch das Dämpfungsverhalten des Niets 5 und die Anpreßkraft der Sonotrode 11. Über geeignete Sensoren wird die Änderung der Anpreßkraft der Sonotrode 11 erfaßt und die Meßwerte werden in der Steuereinheit 2 ausgewertet und zu Steuersignalen für den Ultraschallerzeuger 3 umgewandelt. Der Ultraschallerzeuger 3 ändert nun die Amplitude und/oder die Frequenz der Sonotrode 11, wodurch die Schweißenergie je nach Wunsch entweder verringert oder erhöht wird. Außerdem wird die Anpreßkraft der Sonotrode 11 erhöht, wodurch sich allmählich der Nietkopf ausbildet. Die Amplitude und/oder die Frequenz können also abhängig von anderen Schweißparametern, z. B. der Vorschubgeschwindigkeit, der Anpreßkraft oder der Schweißzeit verändert werden, wofür ebenfalls Kennfelder zur Hilfe genommen werden können. Auch in diesem Fall kann der Schwingungsbauch der Ultraschallschwingung aus der Ebene des freien Sonotrodenspitzenendes heraus verlagert werden, wodurch der Ort der Energiekonzentration ebenfalls verlagert wird.Using the example of riveting, the further method according to the invention will also be briefly explained below. After the rivet 5 has been inserted into the component 8 and the sonotrode tip 16 has been lowered onto the free end of the rivet 5 , this is supplied with energy by means of ultrasound, as a result of which the material of the rivet heats up and softens in the area of its tip. As already mentioned, this changes the damping behavior of the rivet 5 and the contact pressure of the sonotrode 11 . The change in the contact pressure of the sonotrode 11 is detected by suitable sensors and the measured values are evaluated in the control unit 2 and converted into control signals for the ultrasound generator 3 . The ultrasound generator 3 now changes the amplitude and / or the frequency of the sonotrode 11 , as a result of which the welding energy is either reduced or increased as desired. In addition, the contact pressure of the sonotrode 11 is increased, as a result of which the rivet head gradually forms. The amplitude and / or the frequency can therefore depend on other welding parameters, e.g. B. the feed rate, the contact pressure or the welding time can be changed, for which maps can also be used to help. In this case too, the antinode of the ultrasonic vibration can be shifted out of the plane of the free end of the sonotrode tip, as a result of which the location of the energy concentration is also shifted.
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