DE4340260A1 - Locking system, in particular for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a locking system (1), in particular on a motor vehicle, which consists of an operating key (2), an operating key receptacle (3) and connecting lines (4) to an associated operating unit (5). The operating key (2) has a first operating signal transmitter (15) with first operating signal encoder (16), and the operating key receptacle (3) has a first operating signal receiver (21) with first operating signal decoder (23), as a result of which a first encoded operating signal can be transmitted from the first operating signal transmitter (15) to the first operating signal receiver (21) when the operating key (2) is inserted into the operating key receptacle (3). In addition, in each case a second operating signal receiver (24) and operating signal decoder (26) are arranged in the operating key (2) and in each case a second operating signal transmitter (27) and operating signal encoder (29) are arranged in the operating key receptacle (3), a second encoded operating signal being capable of being transmitted from the second operating signal transmitter (27) to the second operating signal receiver (24). The second operating signal interacts with the first operating signal in a bidirectional communication in the manner of a changing code, activation of the operating unit (5) being made possible when there is successful decryption of the first operating signal in the first operating signal decoder (23). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a locking system according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such locking systems serve as a safety device thus equipped against unauthorized operation Devices. When the locking system is actuated by a The user's authorization is checked and only that The right authorization is created Requirement for the intended use of the Contraption. Especially on motor vehicles Locking systems as an ignition lock for an associated one Operating unit and if necessary for locking and unlocking of the doors used.

From DE-OS 34 36 761 a locking system for one Motor vehicle known from an operating key, one Operating key holder and connecting lines to one associated operating unit exists. In the operating key are an operating signal transmitter with an operating signal encoder and an operating signal receiver in the operating key holder arranged with operating signal decoder. Is the Operating key in the operating key holder introduced, so is a coded operating signal from Operating signal transmitter on the operating signal receiver transferable. If this is successfully decoded  Operating signal in the operating signal decoder is the Commissioning of the operating unit carried out.

It has been found that such a locking system is not theft-proof. By copying the from Operating key transmitted operating signal is it possible to make a replacement key. With this Replacement key is then a commissioning of the Operating unit and consequently a theft of the Motor vehicle possible.

The operating key requires one for its function Energy source that after a certain period of use can be exhausted. In such a case Operating key no longer functional. A The operating unit cannot then be commissioned respectively.

The invention has for its object a locking system, especially for a motor vehicle, with an improved Specify theft and functional security.

This task is carried out in a generic locking system solved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Further refinements of the invention are the subject of Subclaims. In particular, the locking system not only for the commissioning of an operating unit but also for the safe remote control of the Design central locking on the motor vehicle. Further the locking system can be connected to an im via a bus node Connect the motor vehicle bus system. The Locking system is based on wireless transmission from coded operating signals. Advantageously, for this a transmission by means of infrared or RF signals use. The operating key holder of the locking system  can be designed such that the actual Commissioning of the operating unit by means of a turn done by the operating key.

The advantages achieved with the invention exist particularly in that a further improvement in Security against theft is achieved. Listening to the Operating key via a mini transmitter is not possible. Thus, the operating key is not in practice can be copied, thus putting the operating unit into operation is not possible for unauthorized persons.

The operating key is largely maintenance-free. The The key is supplied with energy in the Operating key holder. Even when it is exhausted Energy storage in the operating key is a Intended use of the operating key possible. A second key can even be used without one Energy storage with the same security for the Commissioning of the operating unit be designed. The Locking system can also only be partially expanded without the remote-controlled door opening with the same start security realize, then no own energy storage in Operating key is necessary.

The operating key holder can be mechanically very simply design so that the inventive Locking system with increased theft protection significantly lower costs compared to conventional ones mechanical locking systems can be produced. Next lets the operating key holder in a simple way Integrate the bus system. This then advantageously results a low cabling effort with high Operational safety.  

Embodiments of the invention are in the drawings are shown and are described in more detail below. It demonstrate

Fig. 1 shows schematically a functional overview of the locking system in a motor vehicle,

Fig. 2 is a block diagram for the electronics of the lock system,

Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section through an operation key,

4 shows a longitudinal section through an operating key holder ,

Fig. 5 is a section taken along the line 5-5 in Fig. 4,

Fig. 6 is a section taken along the line 6-6 in Fig. 4,

7 shows a section through an operating key holder in a further embodiment,

Fig. 8 shows a detail of FIG. 7 in an enlarged scale;

Fig. 9 shows a section through an operating key holder in yet another embodiment and

Fig. 10 shows a detail from Fig. 9, in enlarged representation,

11 shows a section through an operating key holder in yet another embodiment and

FIG. 12 shows a detail from FIG. 11 in perspective.

The locking system 1 shown in Fig. 1 is intended for a motor vehicle and consists of an operating key 2, an operating key receptacle designed as ignition switch 3 and connecting pipes 4 to an bus node 20th Bus lines 39 lead from the bus node 20 to an associated operating unit 5 . The operating unit 5 can be, for example, the electronic engine control of the motor vehicle. By means of the operating key 2 inserted into the operating key receptacle 3 , the operating unit 5 can be put into operation by means of corresponding bus signals transmitted via the bus lines 39 .

The bus system consisting of bus nodes 20 and bus lines 39 can be, for example, the CAN bus known from automotive electronics, as described, for example, in the literature reference Philips: CAN Products for Universal Applications, January 1992. Another bus system can of course also be used equally.

In the present case, the operating key 2 of the locking system 1 serves at the same time for remote-controlled actuation of the central locking system for the doors of the motor vehicle. The remote control is supplied by an energy store 55 located in the operating key 2 (see FIG. 3). A sensor corresponding to remote control in the operating key 2 is arranged in the motor vehicle and is designed, for example, as a roof sensor 6 with a reception range of approximately 360 degrees. This roof sensor 6 is attached to the inside mirror 7 . The roof sensor 6 , which operates in pulsed operation to minimize current, is connected to the bus node 20 via connecting lines 8 . If the roof sensor 6 receives signals from the operating key 2 , then these are processed by means of a wake-up circuit located in the bus node 20 . Corresponding bus signals are then forwarded via the bus lines 39 to the control unit 9 for the central locking. Thus, the central locking for locking and unlocking the doors of the motor vehicle can be actuated by pressing a button 10 on the operating key 2 .

The locking system 1 can advantageously serve at the same time for locking and unlocking the alarm system. The functions of the alarm system are then controlled in accordance with the operation in the operating key holder 3 . Furthermore, logic for determining the voltage of the energy store 55 in the operating key 2 can be arranged in the operating key receptacle 3 so that a break-in by opening a door of the motor vehicle is detected.

The operating key 2 also has a fold-out mechanical key 11 . A conventional mechanical door lock 13 is arranged on the driver's car door 12 and can be unlocked by means of the mechanical key 11 . This makes an emergency opening of the motor vehicle possible in the event of an off of the central locking, for example when the energy store 55 in the operating key 2 is empty.

According to a further embodiment, the locking system 1 can also be implemented only in a partial configuration without the remote-controlled actuation of the central locking. In this embodiment, the car doors are locked and unlocked in a conventional manner by means of a mechanical key 11 . The operating unit 5 is put into operation by the operating key 2 inserted in the operating key receptacle 3 in the manner according to the invention, which will be explained in more detail below. With this partial expansion, at least the costs for the roof sensor 6 can be saved by accepting less ease of use.

The detailed design of the electronics of the locking system 1 is shown as a block diagram in FIG. 2. The operating key 2 has key electronics 14 consisting of an integrated circuit. This key electronics 14 contains a first operating signal transmitter 15 , which can be designed as an infrared transmitter with an infrared transmitter diode 17 . The key electronics 14 also contains a first operating signal encoder 16 , which in turn is connected to the first operating signal transmitter 15 . The operating key hole 3 has a first, formed as an infrared receiver operating signal receiver 21 with an associated infrared receiver diode 22, and a communicating with the first operating signal receiver 21 first operating signal decoder 23rd As a result, a first coded operating signal can be transmitted from the first operating signal transmitter 15 of the operating key 2 to the first operating signal receiver 21 in the operating key receptacle 3 . Furthermore, there are now in each case a second operating signal receiver 24 designed as an infrared receiver with associated infrared receiving diode 25 and a second operating signal decoder 26 connected to it in operating key 2, and a second operating signal transmitter 27 designed as an infrared transmitter with associated infrared transmitting diode 28 and a second connected thereto Operating signal encoder 29 arranged in the operating key holder 3 . As a result, a second coded operating signal can in turn be transmitted from the second operating signal transmitter 27 in the operating key receptacle 3 to the second operating signal receiver 24 in the operating key 2 . To start up the operating unit 5, the second operating signal interacts with the first operating signal in a bidirectional communication in the manner of an alternating code.

The function of the previously mentioned remote control of the central locking system is also carried out by the first operating signal transmitter 15 , in that when the button 10 is pressed, it transmits a code encrypted by the first operating signal encoder 16 as a third operating signal via the infrared transmitter diode 17 . The roof sensor 6 contains one or more infrared receiving diodes 18 with a connected third operating signal receiver 19 . The third operating signal is fed via the connecting lines 8 to the bus node 20 for evaluation and further processing.

In FIG. 2 it can be seen as a further embodiment that the bus node 20 can advantageously be arranged in the operating key receptacle 3 . The roof sensor 6 is then connected to the bus node 20 via the operating key holder 3 . The first operating signal decoder 23 can be a separate circuit in the operating key receptacle 3 , the code decrypted by the first operating signal decoder 23 being forwarded to the bus node 20 as a binary signal. However, it is also possible to integrate the function of the operating signal decoder into the bus node 20 , so that the operating signal received by the first operating signal receiver 21 is forwarded as a coded signal directly to the bus node 20 . Alternatively, it is also possible to forward the received infrared signals to the bus node 20 by means of an optical fiber and only then convert them into electrical signals for further processing.

As can also be seen with reference to Fig. 3, has the operating key 2, a casing 40, whose rear part includes a circuit board 41. The key electronics 14 designed as an integrated circuit are located on the printed circuit board 41 . The front part of the housing 40 is designed as a type of plug 42 for insertion into the operating key holder 3 and contains openings in which the infrared transmitter diode 17 of the first operating signal transmitter 15 and the infrared receiving diode 25 of the second operating signal receiver 24 are connected to the circuit board 41 are. The housing 40 further contains a schematically indicated energy store 55 for the remote control of the central locking.

The operating key holder 3 , as shown in FIG. 4, consists of a housing 43 which ends in a kind of socket 44 for receiving the plug 42 on the operating key 2 . The infrared receiving diode 22 of the first operating signal receiver 21 and the infrared transmitting diode 28 of the second operating signal transmitter 27 are arranged in the interior of the housing 43 in the immediate vicinity of the socket 44 . Is inserted into the operating key hole 3, the operation key 2, as shown in FIG. 4, then the infrared transmitting diode of the operation key 2 and the infrared receiving diode 22 of the operating key hole 3 and the infrared receiving diode 17 are 25 of the operation key 2 and the infrared Send diode 28 of the operating key holder 3 opposite.

Upon insertion of the operating key 2 in the operating key hole 3, a switch is operated in the operating key hole 3 30 by the operation key 2 via a tappet 56 as shown in Fig. 5 can be seen. An inductive energy transmission between the operating key holder 3 and the operating key 2 is then switched on by the switch 30 . For this purpose, as can be seen in FIG. 2, in the operating key receptacle 3 there is an energy transmission electronics 32 which is connected to the on-board power supply line 33 and which in turn feeds a transmission coil 31 . In operation key 2 is a receiving coil 34 is arranged, which receives the inductively transmitted power and the key electronics 14 feeds to the power supply. Thus, 14 is supplied by the operating key hole 3 with energy then the key electronics, so that the presence of the operating key 2 energy accumulator 55 is required only upon actuation of the remote control for central lock, which takes place outside the operating key hole. 3 As a result, the energy store 55 has a very long service life, so that it is very seldom necessary to replace the energy store 55 . If an accumulator is used instead of a battery for the energy store, it can even be recharged while the operating key 2 is in the operating key receptacle 3 , making replacement of the energy store 55 unnecessary. Instead of the inductive energy transmission for feeding the operating key 2 in the operating key holder 3 , any other type of energy transmission can also be provided. For example, the energy can be transmitted via infrared rays or also via a direct electrical plug connection in the operating key receptacle 3 .

As can further be seen from FIG. 2, the key electronics 14 contains a data memory 35 , which can be an EEPROM memory, for example. A unique identifier for the respective motor vehicle is stored in this data memory 35 as an individual identifier. This individual identifier can be, for example, a unique number assigned by the motor vehicle manufacturer. The same individual identifier is also stored in a data memory 37 in the operating key holder 3 . The operating signal encoders 16 , 29 and operating signal decoders 23 , 26 operate according to a defined algorithm. The algorithm can optionally be stored in the data memory 35 , 37 or can also be implemented by a corresponding electronic circuit. A random number generator 36 is also located in the operating key holder 3 .

For the commissioning of the operating unit 5 , once the operating key 2 has been inserted into the operating key holder 3 and the inductive energy transmission has been switched on, the individual identifier is identified once using the bidirectional communication between the two operating signals in the manner of an alternating code. This bidirectional communication proceeds individually in the following way.

First, a random number is determined as an identification number by means of the random number generator 36 and stored in the data memory 37 of the operating key holder 3 . From this characteristic, a code is formed in the second operating signal encoder 29 of the operating key receptacle 3 on the basis of the specified algorithm, which code is transmitted to the operating key 2 as a second operating signal by means of the second operating signal transmitter 27 . This second operating signal received by the operating key 2 by means of the second operating signal receiver 24 is decrypted into the characteristic number by means of the algorithm using the second operating signal decoder 26 . The identification number and the individual identifier stored in the data memory 35 of the operating key 2 are now used to form a first operating signal in the first operating signal encoder 16 of the operating key 2 on the basis of the specified algorithm. At the same time, the code number is stored in the data memory 35 . If the operating key 2 is in the extended configuration with remote control for opening the door, an additional counter, which counts the number of door openings, is set to zero and this counter reading is stored in the data memory 35 . The first operating signal is then transmitted to the first operating signal receiver 21 in the operating key holder 3 . The first operating signal is then decrypted in the first operating signal decoder 23 of the operating key receptacle 3 in accordance with the specified algorithm, which results in a determined key figure and a determined individual identifier.

The ascertained individual identifier and ascertained key figure are then compared with the individual identifier and key figure stored in the data memory 37 . If this comparison is positive, ie if it is the correct individual identifier and code, the operating key receptacle 3 releases the commissioning of the operating unit 5 via the bus node 20 , otherwise the commissioning cannot take place. The counter reading for the door opening stored in the data memory 37 , if present in accordance with the expanded configuration level, is likewise set to zero in the event of a positive comparison with regard to the individual identifier and code.

To simplify the effort, only a unidirectional signal transmission from the operating key 2 to the roof sensor 6 takes place for the remote control of the central locking, although secure bidirectional communication with respect to theft protection is also possible there in an analogous manner as between the operating key 2 and the operating key holder 3 . The unidirectional signal transmission proceeds in the following manner.

In the operating key 2 , when the key 10 is pressed, the individual identifier stored in the data memory 35 , the key figure that was determined in the random number generator 36 of the operating key holder 3 during the last start-up, and a counter incremented by one that shows the number of door openings since the last start-up of the motor vehicle counts, a third operating signal is formed and transmitted based on a defined algorithm in the first operating signal encoder 16 . At the same time, the incremented counter reading is stored in the data memory 35 of the operating key 2 . The third operating signal received via the roof sensor 6 is forwarded to the bus node 20 in the operating key receptacle 3 and decoded there in a decoder assigned to the roof sensor 6 by means of the characteristic number stored in the data memory 37 and the specified algorithm. This decoder can be the first operating signal decoder 23 already located in the operating key holder 3 . The result of the decryption results in a determined individual identifier and a determined counter reading. The determined individual identifier is compared with the individual identifier stored in the memory 37 and, if there is a match, it is further checked whether the determined meter reading is greater than or equal to the meter reading for the number of door openings, which is stored in the data memory 37 of the operating key holder 3 . If this condition is also fulfilled, unlocking or locking is triggered on the control unit 9 of the central locking. At the same time, the counter reading in the data memory 37 of the operating key holder 3 is replaced by the determined counter reading.

By comparing the counter reading for the number of door openings in the operating key 2 with the counter reading in the operating key holder 3 it is achieved that an unauthorized user can only open the motor vehicle once with an operating key copied by listening to the transmitted third operating signal. As soon as the authorized user actuates the door opening again, the counter reading changes without the motor vehicle having to be started up, and a further opening with the copied key is no longer possible. To further increase the security against theft, the two algorithms for actuating the operating unit 5 and the control unit 9 for the central locking system can be different and / or can change at certain time intervals.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the transmission of the operating signals in the bidirectional and unidirectional communication, as described, takes place as an infrared signal. Of course, other types of signal transmission can also be provided by appropriate design of the operating signal transmitter and receiver, for example an RF signal transmission. It is also possible to provide different types of signal transmission for each direction of bidirectional communication. For example, an infrared signal transmission between operating key holder 3 and operating key 2 and an RF signal transmission between operating key 2 and operating key holder 3 or vice versa can be provided.

After the commissioning of the operating unit 5 by the bus node 20 is released, the actuation for unlocking a steering wheel lock known per se, not shown in more detail, can be triggered at the same time. The steering wheel lock can be actuated by means of an electromagnet. The operating unit 5 is then started up by means of a further signal triggered by the user via the bus node 20 .

In order to design the actual start-up as usual for the user when starting with a conventional ignition lock on the motor vehicle, the socket 44 in the operating key holder 3 is preferably designed to be rotatable. As can be seen in FIG. 5, a rotating sleeve 45 is operatively connected to the socket 44 in the operating key receptacle 3 . To initiate commissioning after the successful transmission of the two operating signals in accordance with the bidirectional communication, the rotating sleeve 45 is then initially unlocked by moving a locking pin 38 out of engagement with the rotating sleeve 45 . The user can now turn the operating key 2 , as with the conventional ignition lock, together with the socket 44 and the rotating sleeve 45 . Switch signals are generated at certain rotational positions of the rotary sleeve 45 by means of a device, this device consisting of mechanical switches 46 , 47 , 48 actuated via the rotary sleeve 45 , as can be seen in FIG. 6. These switching signals are passed on to the bus node 20 and bring about the release of the parking light, certain parts of the energy supply, for example for the car radio, etc. . One of these switching signals ultimately serves to put the operating unit 5 into operation, for example to start the engine of the motor vehicle.

Instead of individual mechanical switches 46 , 47 , 48 , the device for generating switching signals according to a further embodiment can consist of a disk 49 which is arranged in a housing 43 'of the operating key holder 3 ', as can be seen in FIG. 7. Conductor tracks 50 are located on the disk 49 shown in more detail in FIG. 8, which consists of a printed circuit board substrate. With the conductor tracks 50 contacts 51 act on a with the rotating sleeve 45 'of the operating key holder 3 ' in connection rotor 52 , which is rotatable by means of the operating key 2 ', in the sense of making contact for generating switching signals.

In yet another embodiment of an operating key holder 3 '' according to FIG. 9, the switching signals are generated optically. With the operating key 2 '' rotatable rotary sleeve 45 '' is a coding disk 53 in connection. In the housing 43 '' of the operating key holder 3 '' 53 light barriers 57 are arranged in the vicinity of the coding disk. As can be seen from Fig. 10, there are 53 slots 54 in the coding disk, so that 57 switching signals corresponding to the rotational position of the rotary sleeve 45 '' can be generated by means of the light barriers.

In order to terminate the operation of the operating unit 5 , the operating key 2 together with the socket 44 and the rotating sleeve 45 are turned back again. The switching signals are changed by the device for generating switching signals. In the embodiment of Fig. 5, the switches 46, 47, 48 is turned off again. The changed switching signals are passed on via the bus node 20 for decommissioning the operating unit 5 . When the operating key 2 is removed from the operating key receptacle 3 , the steering wheel can be locked simultaneously by means of a mechanical steering wheel lock, wherein the locking can be effected by the switching signal of the switch 30 .

A locking device for locking the rotating sleeve 45 ''', which locking device has additional functions, can be seen in a further embodiment as a locking rocker 58 in Fig. 11. The locking rocker 58 is designed as a two-armed lever and is rotatably arranged on a bearing 62 . On a lever arm of the locking rocker 58 engages a spring 61 , so that the second lever arm with the spring force in the direction of the rotating sleeve 45 '''is applied. In the non-rotated position of the rotating sleeve 45 ''', the second lever arm of the locking rocker 58 engages in a recess 60 , which is located on a with the rotating sleeve 45 ''' and movable with this disc 63 , whereby the rotating sleeve 45 ''' is locked in the non-rotated position (starting position). The lock can be seen in more detail in FIG. 12, where the corresponding detail from FIG. 11 is shown in a perspective view. As can further be seen from FIG. 12, the second lever arm of the locking rocker 58 is guided in a recess 65 on a further disk 64 . This further disk 64 is arranged adjacent to the disk 63 , the disk 64, in contrast to the disk 63, being fixed immovably in the operating key receptacle 3 '''. Due to the guidance of the locking rocker 58 in the recess 65 it is ensured that a violent rotation of the rotating sleeve 45 '''is excluded despite the locking rocker 58 engaging in the recess 60 .

In the non-rotated position of the rotating sleeve 45 ''', the operating key 2 ''' is inserted into the operating key holder 3 '''. After successful transmission of the two operating signals in accordance with the bidirectional communication, a magnet 59 located in the vicinity of the bearing 62 is actuated by the bus node 20 , as a result of which the locking rocker 58 is actuated by the magnet 59 by the second lever arm of the locking rocker 58 being attracted by the magnet. As a result, the locking rocker 58 is brought out of engagement with the recess 60 against the force of the spring 61 and the rotary sleeve 45 '''unlocked.

Now rotation of the rotating sleeve 45 '''by means of the operating key 2 ''' and commissioning of the motor vehicle is possible. When the rotating sleeve 45 '''is a removal of the operating key 2 ''' from the socket 44 of the operating key holder 3 '''to prevent unwanted decommissioning of the motor vehicle. For this there are means not shown in detail on the socket 44 , preferably mechanical means, for example in recesses on the operating key 2 '''engaging locking lugs of the socket 44th These means are effective in the rotated position of the rotating sleeve 45 '''and accordingly prevent removal of the operating key 2 '''. Conversely, these means are inactive in the non-rotated position of the rotating sleeve 45 ''', so that a removal of the operating key 2 ''' is accordingly possible.

If the motor vehicle is to be put out of operation, the rotating sleeve 45 '''is moved back by means of the operating key 2 ''' in the direction of the unrotated position, the magnet 59 being switched off by the bus node 20 . For safety reasons, there is now a further recess 66 on the disk 63 , which is fastened to the rotating sleeve 45 ''', at a short distance from the recess 60 . In this recess 66 , the second lever arm of the locking rocker 58 engages due to the force acting on the first lever arm of the spring 61 before the rotating sleeve 45 '''has reached the unrotated position. Removing the operating key 2 '''is, as already explained, not possible in this position. Only when additional functions for safe decommissioning have been carried out, for example the motor vehicle is at a standstill, the handbrake is actuated, in automatic vehicles the gear selector lever is in the "park" position. Like., The magnet 59 is driven again by the bus node 20 . The locking rocker 58 leaves the recess 66 , so that the rotating sleeve can be brought completely into the non-rotated position, where then again a removal of the operating key 2 '''from the operating key holder 3 ''' is possible. In the non-rotated position, the bus node 20 then switches off the magnet 59 again, so that the locking rocker in turn engages in the recess 60 for locking the rotating sleeve 45 '''.

The data memory 35 in the operating key 2 can also be used for other functions, for example for storing service data, user data, and the like. In particular, permanent data transmission from the operating key receptacle 3 to the operating key 2 can take place during the driving operation of the motor vehicle by means of the second operating signal transmitter 27 and the second operating signal receiver 24 . Driving data can thereby be stored in the data memory 35 in the manner of an electronic logbook.

The invention is not described and described illustrated embodiments limited. It includes rather, all professional training within the framework of the inventive concept. Such is the locking system not only usable on motor vehicles, but also on Doors, for example in building technology, use Find.

Reference list

1 locking system
2 operating keys
2 ′ operating key (further version)
2 ′ ′ operating key (further version)
2 ′ ′ ′ operating key (further version)
3 operating key holder
3 ′ operating key holder (further version)
3 ′ ′ operating key holder (further version)
3 ′ ′ ′ operating key holder (further version)
4 connecting line (operating key holder to bus node)
5 operating unit
6 roof sensor
7 interior mirrors
8 connecting cable (roof sensor to bus node)
9 control unit (for central locking)
10 key (on operating key)
11 mechanical keys
12 driver-side car door
13 mechanical door lock
14 key electronics
15 first operating signal transmitter
16 first operating signal encoder
17 infrared transmitter diode (in the operating key)
18 infrared receiving diode (in the roof sensor)
19 third operating signal receiver (for remote control)
20 bus nodes
21 first operating signal receiver
22 infrared receiving diode (of the first operating signal receiver)
23 first operating signal decoder
24 second operating signal receiver
25 infrared receiving diode (of the second operating signal receiver)
26 second operating signal decoder
27 second operating signal transmitter
28 infrared transmitter diode (of the second operating signal transmitter)
29 second operating signal encoder
30 switches (for inductive energy transmission)
31 transmitter coil
32 Power transmission electronics
33 Onboard power supply line
34 receiving coil
35 data memories (in the operating key)
36 random number generator
37 data storage (in operating key holder)
38 locking pin
39 bus line
40 housing (operating key)
41 printed circuit board
42 plugs
43 housing (operating key holder)
43 ′ housing (further version)
43 ′ ′ housing (further version)
44 socket
45 rotating sleeve
45 ′ rotating sleeve (further version)
45 ′ ′ rotating sleeve (further version)
45 ′ ′ ′ rotating sleeve (further version)
46 , 47 , 48 switch (operated by rotating sleeve)
49 disc
50 conductor track
51 contact
52 rotor
53 coding disk
54 slot
55 energy storage
56 plungers
57 light barrier
58 locking pin
59 magnet
60 recess
61 spring
62 Storage
63 disc (attached to rotating sleeve)
64 additional disc (immobile)
65 recess (in another disk)
66 additional recess (on disc)

Claims (37)

1. Locking system ( 1 ), in particular on a motor vehicle, consisting of an operating key ( 2 ), an operating key receptacle ( 3 ) and connecting lines ( 4 ) to an associated operating unit ( 5 ), the operating key ( 2 ) being a first operating signal transmitter ( 15 ) a first operation signal receiver (21) have with the first operation signal decoder (23) with first Betriebssignalcodierer (16) and the operating key hole (3), whereby a first coded operating signal from the first operating signal transmitter (15) when in the operating key hole (3) inserted operating key (2) the first operating signal receiver ( 21 ) for starting up the operating unit ( 5 ) after successful decoding can be transmitted in the first operating signal decoder ( 23 ), characterized in that a second operating signal receiver ( 24 ) and operating signal decoder ( 26 ) in the operating key ( 2 ) and a second one Concerning iebssignalsender ( 27 ) and operating signal encoder ( 29 ) in the operating key holder ( 3 ) are arranged, wherein a second coded operating signal from the second operating signal transmitter ( 27 ) can be transmitted to the second operating signal receiver ( 24 ) and that the second operating signal with the first operating signal in a bidirectional Communication interacts in the manner of an alternating code. 2. Locking system according to claim 1, characterized in that in the bidirectional communication the alternating code consists in the transmission of the second operating signal and the subsequent transmission of the first operating signal, the transmission of the first operating signal after decoding the second operating signal in the second operating signal decoder ( 26 ) to be triggered is. 3. Locking system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the code of the first operating signal encoded using an algorithm contains both in the operating key ( 2 ) and in the operating key holder ( 3 ) each in a data memory ( 35 , 37 ) stored individual identifier. 4. Locking system according to claim 3, characterized in that the individual identifier is a clear one Number is. 5. Locking system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the code of the second operating signal encoded using an algorithm contains in the operating key holder ( 3 ) by means of a random number generator ( 36 ) as a random number determined. 6. Locking system according to claim 5, characterized in that the code of the first operating signal is encrypted based on an algorithm also contains the key figure. 7. Locking system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the operating key ( 2 ) serves at the same time for remote control of the central locking by means of a button ( 10 ) by a third operating signal corresponding to a code between the operating key ( 2 ) and one on the motor vehicle arranged sensor can be transmitted and the central locking is unlocked and locked after successful decoding of the code in a decoder assigned to the sensor. 8. Locking system according to claim 7, characterized in that the sensor is designed as a roof sensor ( 6 ) with a reception range of approximately 360 degrees. 9. Locking system according to claim 8, characterized in that the roof sensor ( 6 ) is attached to the inside mirror of the motor vehicle. 10. Locking system according to claim 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that a unidirectional transmission of the third operating signal from the operating key ( 2 ) to the sensor takes place for remote control of the central locking. 11. Locking system according to claim 10, characterized in that the code of the third operating signal Individual identification encrypted using an algorithm contains. 12. Locking system according to claim 11, characterized in that the code of the third operating signal additionally contains the key figure determined using an algorithm in the data storage ( 35 ) of the operating key ( 2 ) and determined during the last start-up of the operating unit ( 5 ). 13. Locking system according to claim 12, characterized in that the code of the third operating signal further the counter reading of a counter incremented by one, which contains the number of actuations of the central locking since the last startup of the operating unit ( 5 ) and in the data memory ( 35 ) of the operating key is stored, encrypted using an algorithm. 14. Locking system according to claim 10, characterized in that for remote control of the central locking, a bidirectional transmission of the third operating signal takes place in the manner of an alternating code between the operating key ( 2 ) and the sensor. 15. Locking system according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized characterized in that at least one of the operating signals is formed by an infrared signal. 16. Locking system according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized characterized in that at least one of the operating signals is formed by an RF signal. 17. Locking system according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that a bus node ( 20 ) with the operating key receptacle ( 3 ) is connected, preferably in the operating key receptacle ( 3 ), wherein a bus line ( 39 ) from the bus node ( 20 ) to the associated control unit for the operating unit ( 5 ) is arranged. 18. Locking system according to claim 17, characterized in that the sensor for the central locking with the bus node ( 20 ) on the operating key holder ( 3 ) is connected. 19. Locking system according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the bus node ( 20 ) is a CAN node. 20. Locking system according to claim 17, 18 or 19, characterized in that the transmitted from the operating key (2) to the operating key hole (3), serving as the operation signal infrared signal by a light guide to the bus node (20) routable and the bus node (20) further processing is. 21. Locking system according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that an energy transfer from the operating key holder ( 3 ) to the operating key ( 2 ) can be switched on when the operating key holder ( 3 ) is inserted with the operating key ( 2 ). 22. Locking system according to claim 21, characterized in that the energy transmission is an inductive one Energy transfer is concerned. 23. Locking system according to claim 21, characterized in that that the energy transfer is a Energy transmission by means of infrared rays. 24. Locking system according to claim 21, characterized in that the energy transmission is an electrical energy transmission by means of an electrical plug connection located in the operating key receptacle ( 3 ). 25. Locking system according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the operating key holder ( 3 ) has a rotatably arranged socket ( 44 ) for the operating key ( 2 ), which is operatively connected to a rotating sleeve ( 45 ). 26. Locking system in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a movement and in particular a rotary movement of a rotating sleeve ( 45 ) for actuating the operating key ( 2 ) after successful transmission of an operating signal between the operating key ( 2 ) and the operating key holder ( 3 ) in particular can be carried out in a bidirectional communication by unlocking a locking device and in particular a locking pin ( 38 ) or a locking rocker ( 58 ) or the like. 27. Locking system according to claim 26, characterized in that the locking device can be actuated by a magnet ( 59 ), in particular a locking rocker ( 58 ) for locking a rotating sleeve ( 45 ''') in the starting position in a recess ( 60 ) of the rotating sleeve ( 45 '''), preferably under the action of the force of a spring ( 61 ), engages and can be brought out of engagement with the recess ( 60 ) for unlocking the rotary sleeve ( 45 ''') by actuating the magnet ( 59 ). 28. Locking system according to claim 27, characterized in that at a distance from the recess ( 60 ) on the rotary sleeve ( 45 ''') is arranged a further recess ( 66 ) into which the locking rocker ( 58 ) to prevent further rotary movement of the rotary sleeve ( 45 ''') when turning the rotating sleeve ( 45 ''') can be introduced to the starting position. 29. Locking system according to one of claims 26 to 28, characterized in that means, preferably mechanical means, are arranged on the socket ( 44 ) for preventing the removal of the operating key ( 2 ''') from the socket, these means in the starting position the rotating sleeve ( 45 ''') are ineffective. 30. Locking system according to one of claims 26 to 29, characterized in that a device for generating switching signals depending on the rotational position of the rotary sleeve ( 45 ) in the operating key holder ( 3 ) is arranged, with at least one of the switching signals for starting up the operating unit ( 5 ) serves. 31. Locking system according to claim 30, characterized in that the device for generating electrical switching signals in the operating key holder ( 3 ) consists of mechanical switches ( 46 , 47 , 48 ) which can be actuated by the rotary sleeve ( 45 ). 32. Locking system according to claim 30, characterized in that the device for generating electrical switching signals in the operating key holder ( 3 ') consists of a disc ( 49 ) with conductor tracks ( 50 ) with which contacts ( 51 ) on one with the rotating sleeve ( 45 ') Interacting related rotor ( 52 ). 33. Locking system according to claim 30, characterized in that the device for generating optical switching signals in the operating key receptacle ( 3 '') consists of a coding disk ( 53 ) with slots ( 54 ) in connection with the rotating sleeve ( 45 ''), with which light barriers ( 57 ) interact. 34. Locking system according to one of claims 1 to 33, characterized in that the data memory ( 35 ) in the operating key ( 2 ) for storing data generated during operation of the operating unit ( 5 ) can be used. 35. Locking system according to claim 34, characterized in that a permanent data transmission between the operating key holder ( 3 ) and the operating key ( 2 ) takes place during the operation of the operating unit ( 5 ) with an inserted operating key ( 2 ). 36. Locking system according to one of claims 1 to 35, characterized in that an alarm system of the motor vehicle can be locked and unlocked simultaneously by actuating the locking system ( 1 ) by means of the operating key ( 2 ). 37. Locking system according to one of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that a mechanical key ( 11 ) is arranged on the operating key ( 2 ) so that an emergency opening of at least one car door ( 12 ) provided with a mechanical door lock is possible.