EP0017057A1 - Fuel oil preheating device - Google Patents

Fuel oil preheating device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0017057A1
EP0017057A1 EP19800101365 EP80101365A EP0017057A1 EP 0017057 A1 EP0017057 A1 EP 0017057A1 EP 19800101365 EP19800101365 EP 19800101365 EP 80101365 A EP80101365 A EP 80101365A EP 0017057 A1 EP0017057 A1 EP 0017057A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flat
ptc thermistor
ptc
thermistor elements
channels
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19800101365
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0017057B1 (en
Inventor
Werner Eder
Gisbert Fischer
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Danfoss AS
Original Assignee
Meku Metall- und Kunststoffverarbeitungs-Gmbh & Co KG
MEKU METALL KUNSTSTOFF
Danfoss AS
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Priority claimed from DE19792912000 external-priority patent/DE2912000C2/en
Priority claimed from DE19792930996 external-priority patent/DE2930996A1/en
Application filed by Meku Metall- und Kunststoffverarbeitungs-Gmbh & Co KG, MEKU METALL KUNSTSTOFF, Danfoss AS filed Critical Meku Metall- und Kunststoffverarbeitungs-Gmbh & Co KG
Priority to AT80101365T priority Critical patent/ATE749T1/en
Publication of EP0017057A1 publication Critical patent/EP0017057A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/6416—With heating or cooling of the system
    • Y10T137/6606—With electric heating element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for preheating heating oil in front of the nozzle of a burner with a current-carrying PTC element which is in heat-conducting contact with a line leading the heating oil to the nozzle.
  • Small and very small oil burners have considerable advantages for many applications. It is possible with such burners to adapt the heat output to a smaller requirement, such as is the case with floor and room heating systems or the like.
  • the small burner output enables a smaller and therefore cheaper and more space-saving boiler.
  • the thermal insulation of the boiler is cheaper and the boiler temperature regulation can be achieved with fewer burner start-ups, which results in less burner contamination and less environmental pollution.
  • the main problem with low-power oil burners is the small cross-sections of the nozzle channels.
  • the fine nozzle channels lead to poor reproducibility of the oil throughput and often to blockages.
  • an electrical resistance heater to preheat the heating oil.
  • the electrical resistance heater has the disadvantage of requiring a lot of space.
  • An even more serious disadvantage is that an electrical resistance heater can lead to an overheating of the oil above the optimal temperature of, for example, 70 ° -80 ° C., especially when the burner is at a standstill or the flow rate of the oil is reduced. The Overheating can lead to undesirable cracking of the heating oil.
  • German utility model 78 11 098 a current-carrying PTC element is used to preheat the heating oil.
  • the PTC thermistor element has the property of regulating its heating power itself in a known manner. This self-regulation prevents the heating oil from overheating without the need for complex additional control measures.
  • the PTC thermistor element is inserted radially into a heat-conducting metallic sleeve which encloses the line carrying the heating oil.
  • the effectiveness of this preheating device is extremely poor because, on the one hand, the electrical insulation necessary between the cold conductor element and the metallic sleeve also represents a thermal resistance, and on the other hand, because of its large surface area, the metallic sleeve leads to high heat losses.
  • the metallic sleeve has a high thermal capacity, so that the self-regulation of the PTC thermistor element is sluggish and overheating of the heating oil cannot be reliably ruled out.
  • the device attached to the outside of the feed line takes up a considerable amount of space, so that it cannot be used without structural changes to the entire burner.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a device for preheating heating oil of the type mentioned in such a way that preheating takes place with a high degree of efficiency, that the self-regulation of the PTC thermistor element operates practically without delay and that the device integrates space-saving into the nozzle assembly of the burner and can therefore be used without changing the burner structure.
  • At least one plate-shaped PTC element is inserted into the cross section of the nozzle assembly of the burner, that the line carrying the heating oil is designed in the region of the PTC element as at least one flat channel, and that at least one flat side of the PTC element on one Wall of this flat channel with thermal contact is present.
  • the plate-shaped PTC thermistor element sits in the cross-section of the nozzle assembly and the feed line for the heating oil is designed as a channel which lies flat against the entire flat side of the PTC thermistor element.
  • the device can therefore be completely integrated into the nozzle assembly of the burner, only the electrical connection lines of the PTC thermistor element having to be led out of the nozzle assembly. The device therefore makes no changes to the burner structure necessary and can be used in existing burner designs without any problems.
  • the large-area and direct thermal contact between the PTC thermistor element and the heating oil results in optimal preheating efficiency. Since there are no parts with heat capacity between the PTC thermistor element and the heating oil, the self-regulation of the PTC thermistor element is practically instantaneous. The heating oil is therefore always kept at the optimal preheating temperature and overheating is reliably prevented.
  • a safety thermostat is therefore used in addition to the self-regulating effect of the PTC thermistor element, which interrupts the power supply to the PTC thermistor element as soon as the heating oil exceeds the permissible maximum temperature.
  • a control thermostat can also be used, as is done in connection with other types of preheating, e.g. B. by electrical resistance heating, is known per se.
  • Such a control thermostat connected to the burner control circuit closes an electrical contact when a predetermined minimum oil temperature is reached, as a result of which the oil burner can be put into operation.
  • the control thermostat also opens the electrical contact when the temperature falls below the specified minimum oil temperature and shuts down the burner. This prevents the boiler from becoming sooty if the oil temperature is too low.
  • the safety thermostat and the control thermostat are arranged in direct, large-area, heat-conducting contact with the flat channels carrying the heating oil, in which the preheating takes place through the PTC thermistor elements.
  • the safety thermostat and the control thermostat can also be integrated into the cross section of the nozzle assembly and do not change its dimensions which are advantageous for installation.
  • the large-area heat-conducting contact leads to an almost inertia-free determination of the actual heating oil temperature by the thermostats directly at the point at which the heating oil is heated by the PTC thermistor elements.
  • the safety thermostat thus responds to the highest temperature actually reached by the preheating in the entire oil supply line without a major delay. This ensures reliable compliance with the prescribed maximum temperature for the entire oil supply system.
  • the device for preheating heating oil has two metallic connecting pieces 10 and 12, the cross section of which is adapted to the cross section of the nozzle assembly of a burner.
  • the connector 10 has a coaxial receptacle with an internal thread, into which the nozzle rod can be screwed.
  • the connector 12 has a receptacle with an internal thread into which the nozzle of the nozzle assembly can be screwed.
  • Through axial bores of the connecting pieces 10 and 12 serve to supply the heating oil to the nozzle.
  • Two plate-shaped PTC elements 14 are inserted between the connecting pieces 10 and 12.
  • the PTC thermistor elements 14 are arranged with their longitudinal center axis coaxial to the connecting pieces 10 and 12 and thus to the nozzle assembly and axially adjoining one another.
  • the flat edge tubes 16 connect the coaxial bores of the connecting pieces 10 and 12 and serve to supply the heating oil.
  • the width of the flat edge tubes 16 corresponds to the width of the PTC elements 14, so that they. rest on their entire flat side.
  • conductor layers 18 are applied, which serve as a power supply and are connected to a power source via connecting lines.
  • a thin electrically insulating layer 20 is arranged between the conductor layers 18 and the flat edge tubes 16. This insulating layer consists, for example, of thermally sprayed-on aluminum oxide and offers a low thermal resistance.
  • the electrically insulating layer 20 is a layer made of a plastic with high dielectric strength and high heat resistance. Because of the simple production, a film is preferably used. A polyimide film (trade name Kapton) has proven to be particularly suitable. Such a film has a dielectric strength of 280 kV / mm, a heat resistance up to 180 ° C for a short time even up to 275 ° C and a high tensile strength. Adequate electrical insulation can therefore be obtained with a film thickness of 0.1 mm. This low film thickness means low thermal insulation and thus the desired good heat transfer.
  • a current supplied via the conductor layers 18 flows through the thermistor elements 14 and heats them.
  • the oil supplied through the flat edge tubes 16 of the nozzle is heated by the PTC thermistor elements 14, the effect of the PTC thermistor elements 14, which limits current as the temperature rises, has the result that the oil is preheated to a predetermined optimal temperature in a self-regulating manner.
  • the flat-edge tubes 16 themselves can also be used as current leads for the PTC thermistor elements 14.
  • the flat edge tubes 16 only have to be soldered in an electrically conductive manner to the flat sides of the PTC thermistor elements 14. The power connection lines can then be soldered to the flat edge tubes 16.
  • the flat-edge pipes 16 do not come into electrically conductive contact with the metallic connecting pieces 10 and 12 or the nozzle rod or nozzle inserted into them.
  • the flat edge tubes 16 are also covered at both ends by the insulating plastic 22 and are only connected to the bores of the connecting pieces 10 and 12 via bores in this plastic 22.
  • the connecting pieces 10 and 12 are not continuous, but are closed on their mutually facing end faces.
  • the flat edge tubes 16 are inserted into corresponding through bores of these closed end faces of the connecting pieces 10 and 12 and are soldered to them at 26. Since, in this embodiment, the flat edge tubes 16 are in electrically conductive connection with the connecting pieces 10 and 12, current supply to the PTC elements 14 via the flat edge tubes 16 is not possible. Rather, the power supply must always take place via conductor layers 18 which are separated from the flat-edge tubes 16 by insulating layers 20.
  • the connecting pieces 10 and 12 are connected and held together during manufacture by the flat-edge tubes 16 used, so that the pouring of the plastic 22 is simplified.
  • the pushed-on sleeve 24 can be omitted in this embodiment.
  • the power supply. to the PTC element 14 takes place via conductor layers 18, which are protected by an insulating layer 20 against the oil flowing directly past.
  • a pushed-on sleeve 24 is also provided, which essentially serves to fix the connecting pieces 10 and 12 during the plastic molding process.
  • a PTC element 14 is shown in Fig. 7 only a PTC element 14 is shown. As in the previous exemplary embodiments, two or more PTC thermistor elements 14 can of course be arranged axially one after the other. The number of PTC thermistor elements 14 depends essentially on the heating power required, i. H. essentially after the oil flow.
  • a single flat tube 16 is provided, which is arranged with its longitudinal central axis coaxial to the connecting pieces 10 and 12. As in the embodiment of FIGS. 4-6, the flat tube 16 is soldered into corresponding bores in the closed end faces of the connecting pieces 10 and 12.
  • the PTC thermistor elements 14 arranged on the two sides of the flat tube 16 are preferably connected in series. This can be done by an electrical line embedded in the plastic 22, which connects the conductor layers of the PTC thermistor elements 14 facing the flat tube 16.
  • FIGS. 10-12 is particularly suitable for applications where a high heating power is required without the axial length of the device being allowed to be increased.
  • FIGS. 10-12 Further modifications of the embodiment of FIGS. 10-12 are readily apparent.
  • further flat edge tubes 16 can be arranged on the outer flat sides of the PTC thermistor elements 14 in order to enlarge the oil passage cross section.
  • the structure of the embodiment of FIG. 13 basically corresponds to the embodiment of FIG. 4-6.
  • a safety thermostat 29 is placed on the outer flat side of the one flat edge tube 16 facing away from the PTC thermistor elements 14.
  • the safety thermostat 29, the conventional type, for. B. can be a bimetal thermostat, is located on the flat side of the flat tube 16 so that a good heat transfer between the flat tube 16 and the safety thermostat 29 is guaranteed.
  • the safety thermostat 29 is connected in series in the circuit of the PTC thermistor elements 14 and interrupts this circuit as soon as it reaches a predetermined maximum temperature.
  • This specified maximum temperature is somewhat lower than the maximum oil temperature permitted for preheating the heating oil, which is set at 95 ° C according to the safety regulations.
  • This difference between the maximum allowable oil temperature of z. B. 95 ° C and the response temperature of the safety thermostat 29 takes into account the time delay caused by heat capacity and heat conduction, with which the safety thermostat 29 assumes the temperature of the PTC thermistor elements 14.
  • a control thermostat 30 is seated in the same way over a large area.
  • This control thermostat can also be of a conventional type.
  • the control thermostat 30 is connected to the control circuit of the burner and activates it when a predetermined temperature of z. B. 60 ° C so that the burner can be ignited. If the temperature drops below a predetermined value of z. B. from 40 ° C, the control thermostat 30 puts the burner out of operation. This prevents on the one hand an uneconomical ignition of the burner when the oil temperature is too low and on the other hand prevents sooting when the oil temperature is too low while the burner is in operation.
  • the safety thermostat 29 and the control thermostat 30 also fit into the cross section of the connecting pieces 10 and 12 and thus into the cross section of the nozzle assembly.
  • the thermostats 29 and 30 are also cast in the insulating plastic 22.
  • All embodiments have in common that it is a device whose cross-section and thus the outer circumference corresponds to the cross-section and outer circumference of the nozzle assembly, so that this device can be inserted axially into the nozzle assembly without the geometry and dimensions of the nozzle assembly and the burner to change. Furthermore, all embodiments have in common that the oil. with a large heat exchange surface is led directly past the PTC thermistor elements, so that optimum efficiency and low inertia are obtained when preheating the heating oil. Despite the large heat exchange surface, the oil does not come into direct contact with the PTC thermistor elements, so that the oil cannot act chemically on the PTC thermistor material.

Abstract

Zum Vorwärmen von Heizöl vor der Düse eines Brenners ist es bekannt, einen stromdurchflossenen Kaltleiter als Heizelement in wärmeleitendem Kontakt mit der zur Düse führenden Heizölleitung anzuordnen. Um den Wirkungsgrad des Vorwärmens zu verbessern und den Durchmesser des Düsenstockes nicht zu vergrößern, wird erfindungsgemäß wenigstens ein plattenförmiges Kaltleiterelement (14) verwendet, das in den Querschnitt des Düsenstockes eingesetzt ist und mit seiner Flachseite an einer Wandung der als flacher Kanal (16, 28) ausgebildeten Heizölleitung mit Warmekontakt anliegt. Das Vorwärmen hat einen guten Wirkungsgrad und die Selbstregelung der Heizleistung des Kaltleiters folgt mit sehr geringer Verzögerung der Heizöltemperatur.For preheating heating oil in front of the nozzle of a burner, it is known to arrange a current-carrying PTC thermistor as a heating element in heat-conducting contact with the heating oil line leading to the nozzle. In order to improve the efficiency of preheating and not to increase the diameter of the nozzle assembly, according to the invention at least one plate-shaped PTC element (14) is used, which is inserted into the cross section of the nozzle assembly and with its flat side on a wall of the flat channel (16, 28 ) trained heating oil pipe with hot contact. The preheating has a good efficiency and the self-regulation of the heating power of the PTC thermistor follows with a very slight delay of the heating oil temperature.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Vorwärmen von Heizöl vor der Düse eines Brenners mit einem stromdurchflossenen Kaltleiterelement, das in wärmeleitendem Kontakt mit einer das Heizöl zur Düse führenden Leitung steht.The invention relates to a device for preheating heating oil in front of the nozzle of a burner with a current-carrying PTC element which is in heat-conducting contact with a line leading the heating oil to the nozzle.

Ölbrenner kleiner und kleinster Leistung haben für viele Anwendungsfälle erhebliche Vorteile. Es ist mit solchen Brennern möglich, die Wärmeleistung auch einem kleineren Bedarf anzupassen, wie er beispielsweise bei Etagen-und Raumheizungen oder dgl vorliegt. Die kleine Brennerleistung ermöglicht einen kleineren und dämit billigeren und platzsparenderen Kessel. Die Wärmeisolierung des Kessels Ist günstiger und die Kesseltemperaturregulierung kann mit weniger Startvorgängen des Brenners erreicht werden, was eine geringere Verschmutzung des Brenners und eine geringez Umweltbelastung zur Folge.hat.Small and very small oil burners have considerable advantages for many applications. It is possible with such burners to adapt the heat output to a smaller requirement, such as is the case with floor and room heating systems or the like. The small burner output enables a smaller and therefore cheaper and more space-saving boiler. The thermal insulation of the boiler is cheaper and the boiler temperature regulation can be achieved with fewer burner start-ups, which results in less burner contamination and less environmental pollution.

Das wesentliche Problem bei Ölbrennern kleinster Leistung besteht in den geringen Querschnitten der Düsenkanäle. Die feinen Düsenkanälen führen zu einer schlechten Reproduzierbarkeit des öldurchsatzes und häufig zu Verstopfungen.The main problem with low-power oil burners is the small cross-sections of the nozzle channels. The fine nozzle channels lead to poor reproducibility of the oil throughput and often to blockages.

Es ist bekannt, diesen Nachteilen durch ein Vorwärmen des Heizöls vor der Düse zu begegnen. Durch das Vorwärmen wird die Viskosität des Öls erniedrigt und eine einwandfreie Zerstäubung kann mit niedrigerem Zerstäubungsdruck erreicht werden. Der niedrigere Druck führt zu einem geringerem Öldurchsatz und zu einer kleineren Brennerleistung. Die niedr. ge Viskosität verringert außerdem die Verstopfungsgefahr. Andererseits kann aufgrund des niedrigeren Zerstäubungsdrucl der Querschnitt der Düsenkanäle vergrößert werden, wenn der öldurchsatz und damit die Brennerleistung nicht abgesenkt werden sollen. In diesem Falle erhält man eine wesentliche Verringerung der Verstopfungsgefahr und damit eine Steigerung der Zuverlässigkeit des Brenners.It is known to counter these disadvantages by preheating the heating oil in front of the nozzle. Preheating lowers the viscosity of the oil and perfect atomization can be achieved with lower atomizing pressure. The lower pressure leads to lower oil throughput and lower burner output. The low. viscosity also reduces the risk of constipation. On the other hand, due to the lower atomization pressure, the cross-section of the nozzle channels can be increased if the oil throughput and thus the burner output are not to be reduced. In this case, there is a substantial reduction in the risk of clogging and thus an increase in the reliability of the burner.

Es ist bekannt zum Vorwärmen des Heizöls eine elektrische Widerstandsheizung zu verwenden. Die elektrische Widerstands heizung hat den Nachteil eines hohen Platzbedarfs. Ein noch schwerwiegenderer Nachteil besteht darin, daß eine elektri-- sche Widerstandsheizung zu einer Uberhitzüng des Öles über die optimale Temperatur von beispielsweise 70° - 80°Cführen - kann, insbesondere wenn der Brenner stillsteht oder die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Öles verringert ist. Die Überhitzung kann zur unerwünschten Krackung des Heizöles führen.It is known to use an electrical resistance heater to preheat the heating oil. The electrical resistance heater has the disadvantage of requiring a lot of space. An even more serious disadvantage is that an electrical resistance heater can lead to an overheating of the oil above the optimal temperature of, for example, 70 ° -80 ° C., especially when the burner is at a standstill or the flow rate of the oil is reduced. The Overheating can lead to undesirable cracking of the heating oil.

Diese Nachteile der elektrischen Widerstandsheizung werden durch die aus dem deutschen Gebrauchsmuster 78 11 098 bekannte Vorrichtung vermieden. Bei dieser Vorrichtung wird ein stromdurchflossenes Kaltleiterelement zum Vorwärmen des Heizöls verwendet. Das Kaltleiterelement hat die Eigenschaft, in bekannter Weise seine Heizleistung selbst zu regeln. Diese Selbstregelung verhindert ein Überhitzen des Heizöles ohne daß aufwendige zusätzliche Regelungsmaßnahmen erforderlich sind.These disadvantages of electrical resistance heating are avoided by the device known from German utility model 78 11 098. In this device, a current-carrying PTC element is used to preheat the heating oil. The PTC thermistor element has the property of regulating its heating power itself in a known manner. This self-regulation prevents the heating oil from overheating without the need for complex additional control measures.

Bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung ist das Kaltleiterelement radial in eine wärmeleitende metallische Manschette eingesetzt, welche die das Heizöl führende Leitung umschließt. Die Effektivität dieser Vorwärmvorrichtung ist äußerst schlecht, da einerseits die zwischen-Kältleiterelement und metallischer Manschette notwendige elektrische Isolierung auch einen Wärmewiderstand darstellt und da andererseits die metallische Manschette aufgrund ihrer großen Oberfläche zu hohen Wärmeverlusten führt. Schließlich besitzt die metallische Manschette eine hohe Wärmekapazität, so daß die Selbstregelung des Kaltleiterelements träge ist und ein Überhitzen des Heizöls nicht zuverlässig ausgeschlossen ist. Schließlich beansprucht die außen an die Zuführungsleitung aufgesetzte Vorrichtung einen erheblichen Platz, so daß sie nicht ohne bauliche Änderung des gesamten Brenners eingesetzt werden kann.In this known device, the PTC thermistor element is inserted radially into a heat-conducting metallic sleeve which encloses the line carrying the heating oil. The effectiveness of this preheating device is extremely poor because, on the one hand, the electrical insulation necessary between the cold conductor element and the metallic sleeve also represents a thermal resistance, and on the other hand, because of its large surface area, the metallic sleeve leads to high heat losses. Finally, the metallic sleeve has a high thermal capacity, so that the self-regulation of the PTC thermistor element is sluggish and overheating of the heating oil cannot be reliably ruled out. Finally, the device attached to the outside of the feed line takes up a considerable amount of space, so that it cannot be used without structural changes to the entire burner.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zum Vorwärmen von Heizöl der eingangs genannten Gattung so zu verbessern, daß das Vorwärmen mit einem hohen Wirkungsgrad erfolgt, daß die Selbstregelung des Kaltleiterelements praktisch verzögerungsfrei arbeitet und daß die Vorrichtung platzsparend in den Düsenstock des Brenners integriert und somit ohne Änderung des Brenneraufbaus verwendet werden kann.The invention has for its object to improve a device for preheating heating oil of the type mentioned in such a way that preheating takes place with a high degree of efficiency, that the self-regulation of the PTC thermistor element operates practically without delay and that the device integrates space-saving into the nozzle assembly of the burner and can therefore be used without changing the burner structure.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß wenigstens ein plattenförmiges Kaltleiterelement in den -Querschnitt des Düsenstockes des Brenners eingesetzt ist, daß die das Heizöl führende Leitung im Bereich des Kaltleiterelements als wenigstens ein flacher Kanal ausgebildet ist.und daß wenigstens eine Flachseite des Kaltleiterelementes an einer Wandung dieses flachen Kanals mit Wärmekontakt anliegt.This object is achieved in that at least one plate-shaped PTC element is inserted into the cross section of the nozzle assembly of the burner, that the line carrying the heating oil is designed in the region of the PTC element as at least one flat channel, and that at least one flat side of the PTC element on one Wall of this flat channel with thermal contact is present.

Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sitzt das plattenförmig ausgebildete Kaltleiterelement im Querschnitt des Düsenstockes und die Zuführungsleitung für das Heizöl ist als Kanal ausgebildet, der flächig an der gesamten Flachseite des Kaltleiterelements anliegt. Die Vorrichtung kann daher vollständig in den Düsenstock des Brenners integriert werden, wobei nur die elektrischen Anschlußlei- tungen des Kaltleiterelementes aus dem Düsenstock herausgeführt werden müssen. Die Vorrichtung macht daher keine Änderungen des Brenneraufbaus notwendig und kann problemlos in bereits bestehende Brennerkonstruktionen eingesetzt werden.In the device according to the invention, the plate-shaped PTC thermistor element sits in the cross-section of the nozzle assembly and the feed line for the heating oil is designed as a channel which lies flat against the entire flat side of the PTC thermistor element. The device can therefore be completely integrated into the nozzle assembly of the burner, only the electrical connection lines of the PTC thermistor element having to be led out of the nozzle assembly. The device therefore makes no changes to the burner structure necessary and can be used in existing burner designs without any problems.

Der großflächige und unmittelbare Wärmekontakt zwischen Kaltleiterelement und Heizöl hat einen optimalen Wirkungsgrad der Vorwärmung zur Folge. Da sich zwischen Kaltleiterelement und Heizöl keine Teile mit Wärmekapazität befinden, wirkt die Selbstregelung des Kaltleiterelements praktisch verzögerungsfrei. Das Heizöl wird deshalb stets auf der optimalen Vorwärmtemperatur gehalten und ein Überhitzen ist zuverlässig ausgeschlossen.The large-area and direct thermal contact between the PTC thermistor element and the heating oil results in optimal preheating efficiency. Since there are no parts with heat capacity between the PTC thermistor element and the heating oil, the self-regulation of the PTC thermistor element is practically instantaneous. The heating oil is therefore always kept at the optimal preheating temperature and overheating is reliably prevented.

Die Sicherheitsbestimmungen fordern, daß die Heizöltemperatur unter keinen Umständen 95°Celsius überschreiten darf. Diese Forderung kann nicht in allen Fällen durch die selbstregelnde Eigenschaft der Kaltleiterelemente mit absoluter Sicherheit erfüllt werden, weil die elektrischen Daten der Kaltleiterelemente eine produktionsbedingte Streuung aufweisen und die Wärmekapazität und Wäremableitung der gesamten Vorrichtung ebenfalls gewissen Produktionstoleranzen unterworfen ist. Erfindungsgemäß wird daher ein Sicherheitsthermostat zusätzlich zu der selbstregelnden Wirkung des Kaltleiterelements verwendet, der die Stromzuführung zu dem Kaltleiterelement unterbricht, sobald das Heizöl die zulässige Maximaltemperatur überschreitet.The safety regulations require that the heating oil temperature must under no circumstances exceed 95 ° Celsius. This requirement cannot be met in all cases with absolute certainty due to the self-regulating properties of the PTC thermistor elements, because the electrical data of the PTC thermistor elements have a production-related scatter and the heat capacity and heat dissipation of the entire device is also subject to certain production tolerances. According to the invention, a safety thermostat is therefore used in addition to the self-regulating effect of the PTC thermistor element, which interrupts the power supply to the PTC thermistor element as soon as the heating oil exceeds the permissible maximum temperature.

Vorteilhafterweise kann zusätzlich auch noch ein Steuerungsthermostat verwendet werden, wie dies in Verbindung mit anderen Arten der Vorwärmung, z. B. durch elektrische Widerstandsheizung, an sich bekannt ist. Ein solcher in den Brennersteuerkreis geschalteter Steuerungsthermostat schließt bei Erreichen einer vorbestimmten ölmindesttemperatur einen elektrischen Kontakt, wodurch der ölbrenner in Betrieb gesetzt werden kann.Advantageously, a control thermostat can also be used, as is done in connection with other types of preheating, e.g. B. by electrical resistance heating, is known per se. Such a control thermostat connected to the burner control circuit closes an electrical contact when a predetermined minimum oil temperature is reached, as a result of which the oil burner can be put into operation.

Dadurch wird ein Anlauf des Brenners bei zu niedriger öltemperatur verhindert. Ebenso öffnet der Steuerungsthermostat den elektrischen Kontakt beim Unterschreiten der vorgegebenen ölmindesttemperatur und setzt den Brenner außer Betrieb. Dadurch wird eine Verrußung des Kessels bei zu niedriger Öltemperatur verhindert.This prevents the burner from starting if the oil temperature is too low. The control thermostat also opens the electrical contact when the temperature falls below the specified minimum oil temperature and shuts down the burner. This prevents the boiler from becoming sooty if the oil temperature is too low.

Der Sicherheitsthermostat und der Steuerungsthermostat werden in unmittelbarem großflächigem wärmeleitendem Kontakt mit den flachen das Heizöl führenden Kanälen angeordnet, in welchen die Vorwärmung durch die Kaltleiterelemente erfolgt. Der Sicherheitsthermostat und der Steuerungsthermostat können auf diese Weise ebenfalls in den Querschnitt des Düsenstockes integriert werden und verändern dessen für den Einbau vorteilhafte Abmessungen nicht. Der großflächige wärmeleitende Kontakt führt zu einer nahezu trägheitslosen Bestimmung der tatsächlichen Heizöltemperatur durch die Thermostate unmittelbar an der Stelle, an welcher das Heizöl durch die Kaltleiterelemente erwärmt wird. Der Sicherheitsthermostat spricht somit ohne größere zeitliche Verzögerung auf die tatsächlich durch die Vorheizung in der gesamten ölzuführungsleitung erreichte höchste.Temperatur an. Eine zuverlässige Einhaltung der vorgeschriebenen Höchsttemperatur ist damit für das gesamte Ölzuführungssystem gewährleistet.The safety thermostat and the control thermostat are arranged in direct, large-area, heat-conducting contact with the flat channels carrying the heating oil, in which the preheating takes place through the PTC thermistor elements. In this way, the safety thermostat and the control thermostat can also be integrated into the cross section of the nozzle assembly and do not change its dimensions which are advantageous for installation. The large-area heat-conducting contact leads to an almost inertia-free determination of the actual heating oil temperature by the thermostats directly at the point at which the heating oil is heated by the PTC thermistor elements. The safety thermostat thus responds to the highest temperature actually reached by the preheating in the entire oil supply line without a major delay. This ensures reliable compliance with the prescribed maximum temperature for the entire oil supply system.

Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung gehen aus der folgenden Beschreibung von in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung hervor. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 : Einen Axialschnitt einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 2 : eine Stirnansicht der Vorrichtung der Fig. 1 von links,
  • Fig. 3 : einen Schnitt gemäß A-A in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 4. : einen Axialschnitt einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 5 : eine Stirnansicht der Vorrichtung der Fig. 4 von links,
  • Fig. 6 : einen Schnitt gemäß B-B in Fig. 4,
  • Fig. 7 : einen Axialschnitt einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 8 : eine Stirnansicht der Vorrichtung der Fig. 7 von links,
  • Fig. 9 : einen Schnitt gemäß C-C in Fig. 7,
  • Fig. 10 : einen Axialschnitt einer vierten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 11 : eine Stirnansicht der Vorrichtung der Fig. 10 von links,
  • Fig. 12 : einen Schnitt gemäß D-D in Fig. 10 und
  • Fig. 13 : eine Abwandlung der Ausführungsform der Fig. 4.
Further advantages and features of the invention emerge from the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention illustrated in the drawing. Show it:
  • 1 shows an axial section of a first embodiment of the invention,
  • 2: an end view of the device of FIG. 1 from the left,
  • 3 shows a section according to AA in FIG. 1
  • 4: an axial section of a second embodiment of the invention,
  • 5: an end view of the device of FIG. 4 from the left,
  • 6: a section according to BB in Fig. 4,
  • 7 shows an axial section of a third embodiment of the invention,
  • 8: an end view of the device of FIG. 7 from the left,
  • 9: a section according to CC in FIG. 7,
  • 10 shows an axial section of a fourth embodiment of the invention,
  • 11: an end view of the device of FIG. 10 from the left,
  • Fig. 12: a section according to DD in Fig. 10 and
  • 13: a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 4.

In den Fig. 1-3 ist ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt. Die Vorrichtung zum Vorwärmen von Heizöl weist zwei metallische Anschlußstücke 10 und 12 auf, deren Querschnitt dem Querschnitt des Düsenstockes eines Brenners angepaßt ist. Das Anschlußstück 10 weist eine koaxiale Aufnahme mit Innengewinde auf, in welche die Düsenstange eingeschraubt werden kann. Das Anschlußstück 12 weist eine Aufnahme mit Innengewinde auf, in welche die Düse des Düsenstockes eingeschraubt werden kann. Durchgehende axiale Bohrungen der Anschlußstücke 10 und 12 dienen zur Zuführung des Heizöls zur Düse. Zwischen die Anschlußstücke 10 und 12 sind zwei plattenförmige Kaltleiterelemente 14 eingesetzt. Die Kaltleiterelemente 14 sind mit ihrer Längsmittelachse koaxial zu den Anschlußstücken 10 und 12 und damit zum Düsenstock und axial aneinander anschließend angeordnet. An beiden Flachseiten der Kaltleiterelemente 14 liegen Kanäle'16 an, die von Flachkantrohren vorzugsweise aus Messing gebildet werden. Die Flachkantrohre 16 verbinden die koaxialen Bohrungen der Anschlußstücke 10 und 12 und dienen zur Zuführung des Heizöles. Die Breite der Flachkantrohre 16 entspricht der Breite der Kaltleiterelemente 14, so daß sie. an deren gesamter Flachseite großflächig anliegen.1-3, a first embodiment is shown. The device for preheating heating oil has two metallic connecting pieces 10 and 12, the cross section of which is adapted to the cross section of the nozzle assembly of a burner. The connector 10 has a coaxial receptacle with an internal thread, into which the nozzle rod can be screwed. The connector 12 has a receptacle with an internal thread into which the nozzle of the nozzle assembly can be screwed. Through axial bores of the connecting pieces 10 and 12 serve to supply the heating oil to the nozzle. Two plate-shaped PTC elements 14 are inserted between the connecting pieces 10 and 12. The PTC thermistor elements 14 are arranged with their longitudinal center axis coaxial to the connecting pieces 10 and 12 and thus to the nozzle assembly and axially adjoining one another. On both flat sides of the PTC thermistor elements 14 there are channels 16, which are preferably formed from flat-edge tubes made of brass. The flat edge tubes 16 connect the coaxial bores of the connecting pieces 10 and 12 and serve to supply the heating oil. The width of the flat edge tubes 16 corresponds to the width of the PTC elements 14, so that they. rest on their entire flat side.

Unmittelbar auf den einander gegenüberliegenen Flachseiten der Kaltleiterelemente 14 sind Leiterschichten 18 aufgebracht, die als Stromzuführung dienen und über Anschlußleitungen mit einer Stromquelle in Verbindung stehen. Zwischen den Leiterschichten 18 und den Flachkantrohren 16 ist eine dünne elektrisch isolierende Schicht 20 angeordnet. Diese isolierende Schicht besteht beispielsweise aus thermisch aufgespritztem Aluminiumoxid und bietet einen geringen Wärmewiderstand.Directly on the opposite flat sides of the PTC thermistor elements 14, conductor layers 18 are applied, which serve as a power supply and are connected to a power source via connecting lines. A thin electrically insulating layer 20 is arranged between the conductor layers 18 and the flat edge tubes 16. This insulating layer consists, for example, of thermally sprayed-on aluminum oxide and offers a low thermal resistance.

In einer anderen Ausführung ist die elektrisch isolierende Schicht 20 eine Schicht aus einem Kunststoff hoher Durchschlagfestigkeit und hoher Wärmebeständigkeit. Wegen der einfachen Herstellung wird vorzugsweise eine Folie verwendet. Als besonders geeignet hat sich eine Polyimid-Folie (Handelsname Kapton) erwiesen. Eine solche Folie weist eine Durchschlagfestigkeit von 280kV/mm, eine Wärmebeständigkeit bis 180°C kurzzeitig sogar bis 275°C sowie eine hohe Zerreißfestigkeit auf. Eine ausreichende elektrische Isolation kann daher bereits mit einer Folienstärke von 0,1mm erhalten werden. Diese geringe Folienstärke bedeutet eine geringe Wärmeisolation und damit den erwünschten guten Wärmeübergang.In another embodiment, the electrically insulating layer 20 is a layer made of a plastic with high dielectric strength and high heat resistance. Because of the simple production, a film is preferably used. A polyimide film (trade name Kapton) has proven to be particularly suitable. Such a film has a dielectric strength of 280 kV / mm, a heat resistance up to 180 ° C for a short time even up to 275 ° C and a high tensile strength. Adequate electrical insulation can therefore be obtained with a film thickness of 0.1 mm. This low film thickness means low thermal insulation and thus the desired good heat transfer.

Die gesamte Anordnung bestehend aus Kaltleiterelementen 14, deren elektrische Anschlußleitungen und den Flachkantrohren 16 ist in einen isolierenden Kunststoff 22 eingegossen und wird durch diesen koaxial zwischen den Anschlußstücken 10 und 12 gehalten. Eine über die Anschlußstücke 10 und 12 geschobene metallische Hülse 24 umschließt den Kunststoff nach außen und dient als äußere Form beim Gießen des Kunststoffs.The entire arrangement consisting of PTC thermistor elements 14, their electrical connection lines and the flat edge tubes 16 is cast into an insulating plastic 22 and is held coaxially between the connection pieces 10 and 12 by this. A metallic sleeve 24 pushed over the connecting pieces 10 and 12 encloses the plastic to the outside and serves as an external shape when the plastic is poured.

Beim Betrieb fließt ein über die Leiterschichten 18 zugeführter Strom durch die Kaltleiterelemente 14 und erwärmt diese. Das durch die Flachkantrohre 16 der Düse zugeführte öl wird durch die Kaltleiterelemente 14 erwärmt, wobei die bei steigender Temperatur strombegrenzende Wirkung der Kaltleiterelemente 14 zur Folge hat, daß das öl selbstregelnd auf eine vorbestimmte optimale Temperatur vorgewärmt wird.During operation, a current supplied via the conductor layers 18 flows through the thermistor elements 14 and heats them. The oil supplied through the flat edge tubes 16 of the nozzle is heated by the PTC thermistor elements 14, the effect of the PTC thermistor elements 14, which limits current as the temperature rises, has the result that the oil is preheated to a predetermined optimal temperature in a self-regulating manner.

In der Ausführungsform der Fig. 1 - 3 können auch die Flachkantrohre 16 selbst als Stromzuführungen für die Kaltleiterelemente 14 verwendet werden. Die Flachkantrohre 16 müssen dazu nur elektrisch leitend mit den Flachseiten der Kaltleiterelemente 14 verlötet werden. Die Stromanschlußleitungen können dann an den Flachkantrohren 16 angelötet werden.In the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3, the flat-edge tubes 16 themselves can also be used as current leads for the PTC thermistor elements 14. The flat edge tubes 16 only have to be soldered in an electrically conductive manner to the flat sides of the PTC thermistor elements 14. The power connection lines can then be soldered to the flat edge tubes 16.

Es ist bei dieser Ausführungsform selbstverständlich notwendig, daß die Flachkantrohre 16 nicht in elektrisch leitender Berührung mit den metallischen Anschlußstücken 10 und 12 oder der in diese eingesetzte Düsenstange bzw. Düse kommen. Dazu sind die Flachkantrohre 16 an ihren beiden Ende ebenfalls von dem isolierenden Kunststoff 22 abgedeckt und stehen nur über Bohrungen in diesem Kunststoff 22 mit den Bohrungen der Anschlußstücke 10 und 12 in Verbindung.It is, of course, necessary in this embodiment that the flat-edge pipes 16 do not come into electrically conductive contact with the metallic connecting pieces 10 and 12 or the nozzle rod or nozzle inserted into them. For this purpose, the flat edge tubes 16 are also covered at both ends by the insulating plastic 22 and are only connected to the bores of the connecting pieces 10 and 12 via bores in this plastic 22.

Soweit die folgenden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung mit dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 - 3 übereinstimmen, sind entsprechende Teile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen und auf deren vorstehende Beschreibung wird verwiesen.Insofar as the following exemplary embodiments of the invention correspond to the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 1-3, corresponding parts are provided with the same reference symbols and reference is made to the above description thereof.

Bei dem in denFig. 4-6 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Anschlußstücke 10 und 12 nicht durchgehend, sondern sind an ihren einander zugewandten Stirnflächen geschlossen. Die Flachkantrohre 16 sind in entsprechende durchgehende Bohrungen dieser geschlossenen Stirnflächen der Anschlußstücke 10 und 12 eingesetzt und bei 26 mit diesen verlötet. Da in dieser Ausführungsform die Flachkantrohre 16 in elektrisch leitender Verbindung mit den Anschlußstücken 10 und 12 stehen, ist eine Stromzuführung zu den Kaltleiterelementen 14 über die Flachkantrohre 16 nicht möglich. Die Stromzuführung muß vielmehr stets über Leiterschichten 18 erfolgen, die durch isolierende Schichten 20 von den Flachkantrohren 16 getrennt sind.The one in the fig. 4-6 illustrated embodiment, the connecting pieces 10 and 12 are not continuous, but are closed on their mutually facing end faces. The flat edge tubes 16 are inserted into corresponding through bores of these closed end faces of the connecting pieces 10 and 12 and are soldered to them at 26. Since, in this embodiment, the flat edge tubes 16 are in electrically conductive connection with the connecting pieces 10 and 12, current supply to the PTC elements 14 via the flat edge tubes 16 is not possible. Rather, the power supply must always take place via conductor layers 18 which are separated from the flat-edge tubes 16 by insulating layers 20.

Bei der.Ausführungsform der Fig. 4 - 6 werden die Anschlußstücke 10 und 12 bei der Herstellung durch die eingesetzten Flachkantrohre 16 miteinander verbunden und gehalten, so daß das Eingießen des Kunststoffs 22 vereinfacht wird. Die aufgeschobene Hülse 24 kann in dieser Ausführungsform wegfallen.4-6, the connecting pieces 10 and 12 are connected and held together during manufacture by the flat-edge tubes 16 used, so that the pouring of the plastic 22 is simplified. The pushed-on sleeve 24 can be omitted in this embodiment.

Bei der in den Fig. 7 - 9 dargestellten dritten Ausführungsform werden keine Flachkantrohre 16 verwendet. An beiden Flachseiten des Kaltleiterelements 14 sind flache Kanäle 28 im Kunststoff 22 ausgespart. Die Breite dieser Kanäle 28 entspricht der Breite des Kaltleiterelements 14. Die Kanäle 28 werden beim Eingießen des Kunststoffs 22 ausgeformt.Anstelle flacher Kanäle 28 können auch dicht nebeneinander liegende Bohrungen im Kunststoff vorgesehen sein, die die gesamten Flachseiten des Kaltleiterelements überdecken.In the third embodiment shown in FIGS. 7-9, no flat edge tubes 16 are used. Flat channels 28 are recessed in the plastic 22 on both flat sides of the PTC thermistor element 14. The width of these channels 28 corresponds to the width of the PTC thermistor element 14. The channels 28 are formed when the plastic 22 is poured in. Instead of flat channels 28, holes can be provided in the plastic which are closely adjacent and cover the entire flat sides of the PTC thermistor element.

Die Stromzuführung. zu dem Kaltleiterelement 14 erfolgt über Leiterschichten 18, die durch eine isolierende Schicht 20 gegen das unmittelbar vorbeiströmende Öl geschützt sind.The power supply. to the PTC element 14 takes place via conductor layers 18, which are protected by an insulating layer 20 against the oil flowing directly past.

Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist ebenfalls eine aufgeschobene Hülse 24 vorgesehen, die im wesentlichen zur Fixierung der Anschlußstücke 10 und 12 beim Kunststoffgießvorgang dient.In this embodiment, a pushed-on sleeve 24 is also provided, which essentially serves to fix the connecting pieces 10 and 12 during the plastic molding process.

In Fig. 7 ist nur ein Kaltleiterelement 14 dargestellt. Es können selbstverständlich ebenso wie bei den vorhergehenden Ausführungsbeispielen zwei oder mehr Kaltleiterelemente 14 axial aneinander anschließend angeordnet sein. Die Zahl der Kaltleiterelemente 14 richtet sich im wesentlichen nach der benötigten Heizleistung, d. h. im wesentlichen nach dem öldurchsatz.In Fig. 7 only a PTC element 14 is shown. As in the previous exemplary embodiments, two or more PTC thermistor elements 14 can of course be arranged axially one after the other. The number of PTC thermistor elements 14 depends essentially on the heating power required, i. H. essentially after the oil flow.

In dem in den Fig. 10-12 dargestellten vierten Ausführungsbeispiel ist ein einziges Flachkantrohr 16 vorgesehen, das mit seiner Längsmittelachse koaxial zu den Anschlußstücken 10 und 12 angeordnet, ist. Wie beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 4-6 ist das Flachkantrohr 16 in entsprechende Bohrungen der geschlossenen Stirnflächen der Anschlußstücke 10 und 12 eingelötet.In the fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 10-12, a single flat tube 16 is provided, which is arranged with its longitudinal central axis coaxial to the connecting pieces 10 and 12. As in the embodiment of FIGS. 4-6, the flat tube 16 is soldered into corresponding bores in the closed end faces of the connecting pieces 10 and 12.

An den einander gegenüberliegenden Wandungen des Flachkantrohres 16 liegen jeweils zwei axial aneinander anschließende Kaltleiterelemente 14 an. Die Beheizung des durch das Flachkantrohr 16 strömenden öles erfolgt somit durch insgesamt vier Kaltleiterelemente 14.Two axially adjoining PTC thermistor elements 14 rest against the mutually opposite walls of the flat tube 16. The oil flowing through the flat tube 16 is thus heated by a total of four PTC elements 14.

Die an den beiden Seiten des Flachkantrohres 16 angeordneten Kaltleiterelemente 14 sind vorzugsweise in Serie hintereinander geschaltet. Dies kann durch eine in.den Kunststoff 22 eingebettete elektrische Leitung geschehen, die die dem Flachkantrohr 16 zugewandten Leiterschichten der Kaltleiterelemente 14 verbindet.The PTC thermistor elements 14 arranged on the two sides of the flat tube 16 are preferably connected in series. This can be done by an electrical line embedded in the plastic 22, which connects the conductor layers of the PTC thermistor elements 14 facing the flat tube 16.

Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, die Kaltleiterelemente 14 unmittelbar elektrisch leitend mit dem Flachkantrohr 16 zu verbinden, so daß dieses die leitende Verbindung für die Hintereinanderschaltung der Kaltleiterelemente 14 bildet. In diesem Falle darf selbstverständlich das Flachkantrohr 16 nicht in die Anschlußstücke 10 und 12 eingelötet sein, sondern muß durch den Kunststoff 22 gegen diese elektrisch isoliert sein, wie dies anhand des Ausführungsbeispieles der Fig. 1-3 erläutert wurde.There is also the possibility of directly connecting the PTC thermistor elements 14 to the flat tube 16 in an electrically conductive manner, so that this forms the conductive connection for the series connection of the PTC thermistor elements 14. In this case, of course, the flat tube 16 must not be soldered into the connectors 10 and 12, but must be electrically insulated from them by the plastic 22, as was explained with reference to the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3.

Die Ausführungsform der Fig. 10-12 eignet sich besonders für die Anwendungsfälle, wo eine hohe Heizleistung erforderlich ist, ohne daß die axiale Baulänge der Vorrichtung vergrößert werden darf.The embodiment of FIGS. 10-12 is particularly suitable for applications where a high heating power is required without the axial length of the device being allowed to be increased.

Weitere Abwandlungen der Ausführungsform der Fig. 10-12 sind ohne weiteres ersichtlich. Es können beispielsweise an den äußeren Flachseiten der Kaltleiterelemente 14 jeweils weitere Flachkantrohre 16 angeordnet sein, um den Öldurchtrittsquerschnitt zu vergrößern.Further modifications of the embodiment of FIGS. 10-12 are readily apparent. For example, further flat edge tubes 16 can be arranged on the outer flat sides of the PTC thermistor elements 14 in order to enlarge the oil passage cross section.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 13 entspricht in seinem Aufbau grundsätzlich dem Ausführungsbeispiel der.Fig. 4-6. Zusätzlich ist jedoch auf die von den Kaltleiterelementen 14 abgewandte äußere (in der Zeichnung obere) Flachseite des einen Flachkantrohres 16 ein Sicherheitsthermostat 29 aufgesetzt. Der Sicherheitsthermostat 29, der herkömmlicher Art, z. B. ein Bimetall-Thermostat sein kann, liegt großflächig an der Flachseite des Flachkantrohres 16 an, so daß ein guter Wärmeübergang zwischen dem Flachkantrohr 16 und dem Sicherheitsthermostat 29 gewährleistet ist.The structure of the embodiment of FIG. 13 basically corresponds to the embodiment of FIG. 4-6. In addition, however, a safety thermostat 29 is placed on the outer flat side of the one flat edge tube 16 facing away from the PTC thermistor elements 14. The safety thermostat 29, the conventional type, for. B. can be a bimetal thermostat, is located on the flat side of the flat tube 16 so that a good heat transfer between the flat tube 16 and the safety thermostat 29 is guaranteed.

Der Sicherheitsthermostat 29 ist in Reihe in den Stromkreis der Kaltleiterelemente 14 eingeschaltet und unterbricht diesen Stromkreis, sobald er eine vorgegebene Maximaltemperatur erreicht. Diese vorgegebene Maximaltemperatur liegt etwas niedriger als die für das Vorwärmen des Heizöls zulässige maximale Öltemperatur, die nach den Sicherheitsvorschriften auf 95°C festgesetzt ist. Diese Differenz zwischen der maximal zulässigen öltemperatur von z. B. 95°C und der Ansprechtemperatur des Sicherheitsthermostaten 29 berücksichtigt die durch Wärmekapazität und Wärmeleitung verursachten zeitliche Verzögerung, mit welcher der Sicherheitsthermostat 29 die Temperatur der Kaltleiterelemente 14 annimmt.The safety thermostat 29 is connected in series in the circuit of the PTC thermistor elements 14 and interrupts this circuit as soon as it reaches a predetermined maximum temperature. This specified maximum temperature is somewhat lower than the maximum oil temperature permitted for preheating the heating oil, which is set at 95 ° C according to the safety regulations. This difference between the maximum allowable oil temperature of z. B. 95 ° C and the response temperature of the safety thermostat 29 takes into account the time delay caused by heat capacity and heat conduction, with which the safety thermostat 29 assumes the temperature of the PTC thermistor elements 14.

Auf der äußeren'(in der Zeichnung unteren) Flachseite des anderen Flachkantrohres 16 sitzt in gleicher Weise großflächig anliegend ein Steuerungsthermostat 30. Auch dieser Steuerungsthermostat kann herkömmlicher Art sein. Der Steuerungsthermostat 30 ist in den Steuerkreis des Brenners geschaltet und aktiviert diesen bei Erreichen einer vorgegebenen Temperatur von z. B. 60°C, so daß der Brenner gezündet werden kann. Sinkt die Temperatur wieder unter einen vorgegebenen Wert von z. B. 40°C ab, so setzt der Steuerungsthermostat 30 den Brenner außer Betrieb. Dadurch wird einerseits ein unwirtschaftliches Zünden des Brenners bei zu niedriger öltemperatur und andererseits ein Verrußen bei zu niedriger öltemperatur während des Betriebs des Brenners verhindert.On the outer '(lower in the drawing) flat side of the other flat tube 16, a control thermostat 30 is seated in the same way over a large area. This control thermostat can also be of a conventional type. The control thermostat 30 is connected to the control circuit of the burner and activates it when a predetermined temperature of z. B. 60 ° C so that the burner can be ignited. If the temperature drops below a predetermined value of z. B. from 40 ° C, the control thermostat 30 puts the burner out of operation. This prevents on the one hand an uneconomical ignition of the burner when the oil temperature is too low and on the other hand prevents sooting when the oil temperature is too low while the burner is in operation.

Auch der Sicherheitsthermostat 29 und der Steuerungsthermostat 30 fügen sich in den Querschnitt der Anschlußstücke 10 und 12 und damit in den Querschnitt des Düsenstockes ein. Die Thermostate 29 und 30 sind ebenfalls in den isolierenden Kunststoff 22 eingegossen.The safety thermostat 29 and the control thermostat 30 also fit into the cross section of the connecting pieces 10 and 12 and thus into the cross section of the nozzle assembly. The thermostats 29 and 30 are also cast in the insulating plastic 22.

Allen Ausführungsformen ist gemeinsam, daß es sich um eine Vorrichtung handelt, deren Querschnitt und damit Außenumfang dem Querschnitt und Außenumfang des Düsenstockes entspricht, so daß diese Vorrichtung axial in den Düsenstock eingesetzt werden kann, ohne die Geometrie und die Abmessungen des Düsenstockes und des Brenners zu ändern. Weiter ist allen Ausführungsformen gemeinsam, daß das Öl. mit einer großen Wärmeaustauschfläche unmittelbar an den Kaltleiterelementen vorbeigeführt wird, so daß ein optimaler Wirkungsgrad und eine geringe Trägheit beim Vorwärmen des Heizöles erhalten wird. Trotz der großen Wärmeaustauschfläche kommt das öl mit den Kaltleiterelementen nicht unmittelbar in Berührung, so daß das öl nicht chemisch auf das Kaltleitermaterial einwirken kann.All embodiments have in common that it is a device whose cross-section and thus the outer circumference corresponds to the cross-section and outer circumference of the nozzle assembly, so that this device can be inserted axially into the nozzle assembly without the geometry and dimensions of the nozzle assembly and the burner to change. Furthermore, all embodiments have in common that the oil. with a large heat exchange surface is led directly past the PTC thermistor elements, so that optimum efficiency and low inertia are obtained when preheating the heating oil. Despite the large heat exchange surface, the oil does not come into direct contact with the PTC thermistor elements, so that the oil cannot act chemically on the PTC thermistor material.

SchlieBlich sind alle Ausführungsformen aus einigen wenigen einfachen Teilen in fertigungs- und montagetechnisch einfacher-Weise herstellbar.Finally, all of the embodiments can be produced from a few simple parts in a simple manner in terms of production and assembly technology.

Claims (17)

1. Vorrichtung zum Vorwärmen von Heizöl vor der Düse eines Brenners mit einem stromdurchflossenen Kaltleiterelement, das in wärmeleitendem Kontakt mit einer das Heizöl zur Düse führenden Leitung steht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - daß wenigstens ein plattenförmiges Kaltleiterelement (14) in den Querschnitt des Düsenstockes des Brenners eingesetzt ist, - daß die das Heizöl führende Leitung im Bereich des Kaltleiterelements (14) als wenigsten ein flacher Kanal (16, 28) ausgebildet ist, und - daß wenigstens eine Flachseite des Kaltleiterelements (14) an einer Wandung dieses flachen Kanals (16, 28) mit Wärmekontakt anliegt. 1. Device for preheating heating oil in front of the nozzle of a burner with a current-carrying PTC element which is in heat-conducting contact with a line leading the heating oil to the nozzle, characterized in that - That at least one plate-shaped PTC element (14) is inserted into the cross section of the nozzle assembly of the burner, - That the heating oil leading line in the region of the PTC thermistor element (14) is at least a flat channel (16, 28), and - That at least one flat side of the PTC thermistor element (14) abuts a wall of this flat channel (16, 28) with thermal contact. 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Kältleiterelement (14) vorgesehen ist, an dessen beiden Flachseiten jeweils ein flacher Kanal (16, 28) anliegt.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a cold conductor element (14) is provided, on the two flat sides of which a flat channel (16, 28) abuts. 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, da4 ein flacher Kanal (16) vorgesehen ist, an dessen beiden Wandungen jeweils ein Kaltleiterelement (14) anliegt, wobei die Kaltleiterelemente (14) vorzugsweise in Reihe geschaltet sind.3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a flat channel (16) is provided, on the two walls of which a PTC thermistor element (14) rests, the PTC thermistor elements (14) preferably being connected in series. 4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an den beiden äußeren Flachseiten der Kaltleiterelemente (14) jeweils ein weiterer flacher Kanal anliegt.4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that on the two outer flat sides of the PTC thermistor elements (14) each has a further flat channel. 5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kaltleiterelemente (14) und die flachen Kanäle (16, 28) in einen isolierenden Kunststoff (22) eingebettet sind.5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the PTC thermistor elements (14) and the flat channels (16, 28) are embedded in an insulating plastic (22). 6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die jeweiligen flachen Kanäle metallische Flachkantrohre (16) sind, die elektrisch leitend-mit den jeweiligen Kaltleiterelementen (14) in Verbindung stehen und deren Stromzuführungen bilden, und daß die Flachkantrohre (16) durch den Kunststoff (22) gegen den metallischen Düsenstock elektrisch isoliert sind.6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the respective flat channels are metallic flat tubes (16) which are electrically conductive-with the respective PTC elements (14) in connection and form their power supply lines, and that the flat tubes (16) through Plastic (22) are electrically insulated from the metallic nozzle assembly. 7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die jeweiligen flachen Kanäle metallische Flachkantrohre (16) sind, die vorzugsweise mit dem metallischen Düsenstock verbunden, insbesonder verlötet sind, und daß auf den Flachseiten der jeweiligen Kaltleiterelemente (14) Leiterschichten (18) als deren Stromzuführungen aufgebracht sind, die von den Flachkantrohren (16) durch eine elektrisch isolierende Schicht (20) mit geringem Wärmewiderstand getrennt sind.7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the respective flat channels are metallic flat tubes (16), which are preferably connected to the metallic nozzle assembly, in particular soldered, and that on the flat sides of the respective PTC thermistor elements (14) conductor layers (18) as whose power supply lines are applied, which are separated from the flat-edge pipes (16) by an electrically insulating layer (20) with low thermal resistance. 8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die jeweiligen Kaltleiterelemente (14) vollständig in den Kunststoff (22) eingebettet sind und daß die jeweiligen flachen Kanäle in dem Kunststoff ausgesparte oder in diesen gebohrte Kanäle (28) sind, die durch eine elektrisch isolierende Schicht (20) mit geringem Wärmewiderstand von die Stromzuführungen bildenden Leiterschichten (18) der Kaltleiterelemente (14) getrennt sind.8. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the respective PTC thermistor elements (14) are completely embedded in the plastic (22) and that the respective flat channels in the plastic recessed or drilled in these channels (28) by an electrical insulating layer (20) with low thermal resistance are separated from the conductor layers (18) of the PTC thermistor elements (14) forming the current supply. 9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrisch isolierende Schicht (20) mit geringem Wärmewiderstand aus thermisch aufgespritztem Aluminiumoxid besteht.9. Apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the electrically insulating layer (20) with low thermal resistance consists of thermally sprayed aluminum oxide. 10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrisch isolierende Schicht (20) mit geringem Wärmewiderstand eine Kunststoffschicht hoher Durchschlagfestigkeit und hoher Wärmebeständigkeit, insbesondere eine Kunststoff-Folie und vorzugsweise eine Polyimid-Folie ist.10. The device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the electrically insulating layer (20) with low heat resistance is a plastic layer of high dielectric strength and high heat resistance, in particular a plastic film and preferably a polyimide film. 11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kaltleiterelement,bzw. die Kaltleiterlemente (14) jeweils durch zwei oder mehr axial aneinander anschließende Kaltleiterelemente ersetzt sind.11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the PTC element, or. the thermistor elements (14) are each replaced by two or more axially adjoining thermistor elements. 12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,·dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die jeweiligen Kaltleiterelemente (14) und die flachen Kanäle (16, 28) axial zwischen zwei metallischen Anschlußstükken (10, 12) angeordnet sind, die vorzugsweise mittels eines Gewindes für ein axiales Einsetzen in den Düsenstock ausgebildet sind.12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the respective PTC thermistor elements (14) and the flat channels (16, 28) are arranged axially between two metallic connecting pieces (10, 12), which are preferably by means of a thread for axial insertion in the nozzle assembly are formed. 13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 und 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der isolierende Kunststoff (22) zwischen die Anschlußstücke (10, 12) eingegossen ist, wobei vorzugsweise die AnschluBstücke (10, 12) durch eine aufgeschobene metallische Hülse (24) für das Eingießen des Knuststoffes (22) zusammengehalten werden.13. The apparatus of claim 5 and 12, characterized in that the insulating plastic (22) is poured between the connecting pieces (10, 12), preferably the connecting pieces (10, 12) by a pushed-on metallic sleeve (24) for the pouring the Knuststoff (22) are held together. 14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein mit den jeweiligen Kaltleiterelementen (14) in Serie geschalteter Sicherheitsthermostat (29) in wärmeleitendem Kontakt an einer Wandung eines der flachen Kanäle (16) angeordnet ist.14. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a safety thermostat (29) connected in series with the respective PTC thermistor elements (14) is arranged in heat-conducting contact on a wall of one of the flat channels (16). 15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein in den Steuerkreis des Brenners geschalteter Steuerungsthermostat (30) in wärmeleitendem Kontakt an einer Wandung eines der flachen Kanäle (16) angeordnet ist.15. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a control thermostat (30) connected in the control circuit of the burner is arranged in heat-conducting contact on a wall of one of the flat channels (16). 16.Vorrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 2, 14 und 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sicherheitsthermostat (29) und der Steuerungsthermostat (30) an der Außenfläche jeweils eines dieser flachen Kanäle (16) anliegen.16.Device according to claims 2, 14 and 15, characterized in that the safety thermostat (29) and the control thermostat (30) each abut one of these flat channels (16) on the outer surface. 17. Vorrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 5 und 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sicherheitsthermostat (29) und der Steuerungsthermostat (30) zusammen mit dem Kaltleiterelement (14) und den flachen Kanälen (16) in den isolierenden Kunststoff (22) eingebettet sind.17. The device according to claims 5 and 16, characterized in that the safety thermostat (29) and the control thermostat (30) together with the PTC element (14) and the flat channels (16) are embedded in the insulating plastic (22).
EP80101365A 1979-03-27 1980-03-17 Fuel oil preheating device Expired EP0017057B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80101365T ATE749T1 (en) 1979-03-27 1980-03-17 DEVICE FOR PREHEATING HEATING OIL.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19792912000 DE2912000C2 (en) 1979-03-27 1979-03-27 Device for preheating fuel oil in front of the nozzle of a burner
DE2912000 1979-03-27
DE2930996 1979-07-31
DE19792930996 DE2930996A1 (en) 1979-07-31 1979-07-31 Burner fuel oil preheater - has cold conductor plate in burner nozzle pipe contacting fuel oil line via resistance layer

Publications (2)

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EP0017057A1 true EP0017057A1 (en) 1980-10-15
EP0017057B1 EP0017057B1 (en) 1982-03-10

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EP (1) EP0017057B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1149855A (en)
DK (1) DK149720C (en)

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DK129080A (en) 1980-09-28
US4447706A (en) 1984-05-08
DK149720C (en) 1987-06-01
DK149720B (en) 1986-09-15
CA1149855A (en) 1983-07-12
EP0017057B1 (en) 1982-03-10

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