EP0036833B1 - Process for the cleaning of textil material - Google Patents

Process for the cleaning of textil material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0036833B1
EP0036833B1 EP81810046A EP81810046A EP0036833B1 EP 0036833 B1 EP0036833 B1 EP 0036833B1 EP 81810046 A EP81810046 A EP 81810046A EP 81810046 A EP81810046 A EP 81810046A EP 0036833 B1 EP0036833 B1 EP 0036833B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
absorbent sheet
process according
cleansing agent
drum
textile material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81810046A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0036833A1 (en
Inventor
Serge Denissenko
Jean-Claude Rossard
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Airwick AG
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Airwick AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to AT81810046T priority Critical patent/ATE7054T1/en
Publication of EP0036833A1 publication Critical patent/EP0036833A1/en
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Publication of EP0036833B1 publication Critical patent/EP0036833B1/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
    • D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
    • D06L1/08—Multi-step processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/43—Solvents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F43/00—Dry-cleaning apparatus or methods using volatile solvents
    • D06F43/007—Dry cleaning methods

Definitions

  • the solvents present in the cleaning agent are selected from liquids known for their stain removal ability.
  • the cleaning agent used in stage A of the process preferably contains an alcoholic or ketonic solvent, an ether, a chlorinated solvent, a hydrocarbon or a mixture of two or more of these solvents.
  • the alcoholic solvent used alone or in a mixture with one or more other solvents is preferably used under alkanols having one to four carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol and mixtures thereof Alkanols selected; the alcoholic solvent is preferably chosen from ethanol, propanol and isopropanol; however, benzyl alcohol can also be used.
  • the ketone solvent used alone or in a mixture with one or more other solvents is preferably used under alkanones having three to six carbon atoms, such as acetone, butanone, pentanone-2, pentanone-3, 2-methylbutanone-3, hexanone-3, 3- Methyl pentanone-2, 4-methyl pentanone-2, 2-methyl pentanone-3 and mixtures of these ketones; Cyclohexanone can also be present as the ketonic solvent; the preferred ketonic solvent is selected from acetone and butanone.
  • the ether used alone or in a mixture with one or more other solvents is preferably selected from oxaalkanes and their hydroxy-substituted derivatives, y-dioxaalkanes and their hydroxy-substituted derivatives, bis-y-trioxaalkanes with at most ten carbon atoms and mixtures of these compounds.
  • oxaalkanes are diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, butyl ether and isobutyl ether, and hydroxy-substituted oxaalkanes include 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-isopropoxyethanol, 2-methoxypropanol, 2-ethoxypropanol and 2-isopropoxypropanol.
  • ⁇ -dioxaalkanes are dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl and diisopropyl ether of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and butylene glycol.
  • Hydroxy-substituted ⁇ -dioxaalkanes are, for example, the monomethyl, monoethyl, monopropyl and monoisopropyl ethers of diethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol.
  • bis-y-trioxaalkanes are the dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl and diisopropyl ethers of diethylene glycol and the dimethyl and diethyl ethers of dipropylene glycol.
  • the ethers have an evaporation index less than a hundred times that of the ethyl ether, which index is proportional to the time required to completely evaporate the solvent applied to a filter paper.
  • the chlorinated solvent used alone or in a mixture with one or more other solvents is preferably selected from the di- to tetrachlorinated derivatives of methane, the di- to pentachlorinated derivatives of ethane and ethylene, the mono- to trichlorinated derivatives of cyclohexane and monochlorobenzene.
  • solvents of this type are methylene chloride, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, trichlorethylene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, tetrachlorethylene, pentachloroethane, mono chlorocyclohexane, 1,4-dichlorocyclohexane, monochlorobenzene and mixtures of these compounds.
  • the hydrocarbon used alone or in a mixture with one or more solvents is preferably selected from saturated cyclic, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic or alkylaromatic hydrocarbons, terpene hydrocarbons with 10 carbon atoms and mixtures of these hydrocarbons.
  • aromatic and alkylaromatic hydrocarbons used alone or in a mixture with the other hydrocarbons are selected, for example, from the following: toluene, ethylbenzene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, isopropylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, cumene, Pseudocumene, 1,4-diisopropylbenzene, tetralin, 1-methyltetralin, 2-methyltetralin and mixtures thereof.
  • the saturated hydrocarbons used alone or in a mixture with the other hydrocarbons are selected, for example, from the following: 2-methylheptane, octane, ethylcyclohexane, nonane, isopropylcyclohexane, decane, undecane, dodecane, decalin, 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane, 1,3 -Dimethylcyclohexane, 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane, 2-methyloctane, 2-methylnonane and their mixtures.
  • the terpene hydrocarbons used alone or in a mixture with the other hydrocarbons are selected, for example, from the following: pinene, limonene, dipentene, terpinene, terpinolene, menthene, myrcene, sabine, ocimene, phellandrene and mixtures thereof.
  • the detergent may further contain up to 60 percent by weight of the detergent.
  • a surfactant is present with the water. If desired, this can also be present in the absence of water.
  • Surfactants which can be used according to the invention can be selected from all known anion-active, cation-active, amphoteric or non-ionic surfactants. Typical surfactants are described in "McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers 1969 Annual", where these compounds are listed in order of their chemical formula and their trade name. Other suitable surfactants are described in Surface Active Agents and Detergents, [Surfactants and Detergents], Volume II, by Schwartz, Perry and Berch (Interscience Publishers, 1958).
  • Suitable anion-active surfactants are, for example, soaps and synthetic sulfonated and sulfonated surfactants, in particular anion-active surfactants with 8 to 26 and preferably 10 to 22 carbon atoms in the molecule.
  • the soaps are generally water-soluble soaps of long-chain fatty acids each with 10 to 18 carbon atoms and their mixtures.
  • Sulphonated and sulphonated surfactants are also known in the art and can be prepared from suitable sulphonatable organic substances.
  • suitable sulfates and sulfonates preference is given to using aliphatic sulfates and sulfonates having 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, preferably having 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • wash-active alkyl aromatic sulfonates in question can be mononuclear or polynuclear in structure.
  • the aromatic nucleus can be derived from benzene, toluene, xylene, phenol, cresols, phenol ethers, naphthalene or phenane derivatives.
  • the alkyl group can be varied in a similar manner.
  • the alkyl groups may have a linear or branched chain (linear chains being particularly preferred), and this may include, for example, dodecyl, tridecyl, pentadecyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl or undecyl residues, mixed alkyls derived from fat products , Olefins from cracked paraffin wax or polymers of lower monoolefins.
  • the number of core sulfone groups can vary, but usually only one of these groups is present in order to maintain the best possible balance between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the molecule and to achieve effective surface activity.
  • suitable surface-active alkylaromatic sulfonates are linear alkylbenzenesulfonates in which the alkyl group contains 10 to 18 carbon atoms, for example 10 to 15 carbon atoms on average; specific examples are sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium tridecylbenzenesulfonate and higher sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates, in which the alkyl 10 to 15 Has carbon atoms and contains an average of 12.5 carbon atoms in the molecule.
  • Suitable agents are sulfated or sulfonated, surface-active aliphatic compounds with preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • sulfuric acid esters of polyalcohols incompletely esterified with long-chain fatty acids for example the monosulfate of coconut fat monoglyceride and the monosulfate of tallow glyceride, pure or mixed long-chain alkyl sulfates, for example lauryl sulfate and cetyl sulfate, hydroxy-fatty acid-esterified long-chain fatty acids such as long-chain fatty acids Isethionic acid, sulfates of fatty acid ethanol amides and olefin and paraffin sulfates.
  • sulfated aliphatic compounds having at least 8 carbon atoms, especially those having 12 to 18 or 22 carbon atoms in the molecule, are preferably used. If a phosphorus content is permissible, the corresponding organic phosphates and phosphonates can also be used in addition to or instead of the surface-active aliphatic and aromatic sulfates and sulfonates.
  • Long-chain quaternary alkylammonium compounds for example quaternary cetylammonium salts, are suitable as cation-active surfactants.
  • This group includes cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride.
  • Another compound that can be used is diethyleneaminoethyloleylamide.
  • Nonionic surfactants include: polyoxyethylene ethers of hydroxy substituted alkyl aromatic compounds (e.g. polyoxyethylene alkylphenols), polyoxyethylene ethers of hydrophobic propylene oxide polymers, and higher alkyl amine oxides such as lauryl dimethyl amine oxide.
  • amphoteric agents examples include: salts of higher alkyl- ß- aminopropionic acids, for example the sodium salt of N-lauryl-ß-alanine, betaines substituted by higher alkyl groups, for example lauryldimethylammonium acetic acid, and compounds of the imidazoline type, for which the disodium salt of 1- (2 Hydroxyethyl) -1- (carboxymethyl) -2- (hendecyl) -4,5-dihydroimidazolinium hydroxide may be mentioned as an example.
  • the anion-active and cation-active surfactants are generally used in the form of their water-soluble salts.
  • the alkali salts for example the sodium and potassium salts
  • the alkali salts are preferred, but it is possible to use other salts if desired, for example ammonium salts, lower alkylamine salts (ie salts of mono- and trialkylamines with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, e.g. methylamine, diisopropylamine and tributylamine), salts of lower alkanolamines (e.g.
  • ethanolamine diethanolamine, triethanolamine and isopropanolamine
  • alkaline earth metal salts and salts of similar metals for example calcium and magnesium salts.
  • chloride, sulfate, acetate and the like may be present as anions.
  • alkyldimethylamine oxides and acylaminoalkyldimethylaminoxides such as dodecyldimethylamine oxide and 3-laurylamidopropyldimethylamine oxide
  • an anionic surfactant such as a sodium alkyl sulfate or alkyl ether sulfate
  • a nonionic surfactant such as a polyoxyethylenated alkylphenol, for example oxyethylenated octyl or nonylphenol with preferably 8 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide.
  • this is preferably present in the cleaning agent in a proportion between 0.1 and 25 percent by weight.
  • the composition thus formed may be homogeneous without the need for stirring, or it may have to be stirred in order to mix the constituents and to obtain a suspension which is suitable for at least the period of treatment with Security is stable.
  • Any water present in the detergent is soft water of any origin (river, spring or rain); preferably a water of low hardness or particularly preferably demineralized water is used. In the presence of water in the cleaning agent, its proportion is preferably between 5 and 60 percent by weight.
  • the cleaning agent can optionally also contain a chlorofluorinated compound having one or two carbon atoms, which is selected from compounds which are liquid at room temperature, such as trichlorofluoromethane and trichlorotrifluoroethane.
  • a chlorofluorinated compound having one or two carbon atoms which is selected from compounds which are liquid at room temperature, such as trichlorofluoromethane and trichlorotrifluoroethane.
  • the cleaning agent can also contain an antifoam, a perfume, an antistatic, an aerosol propellant and / or a bactericide.
  • the cleaning agent contains several organic solvents, then preferably an alcoholic solvent is chosen; this is particularly preferably made of isopropanol.
  • the alcoholic solvent is not the only solvent in the cleaning agent, it is preferably present in a proportion of 10 to 90 percent by weight in the case of an anhydrous composition and 3 to 60 percent by weight in the case of an aqueous composition.
  • the ether is not the only solvent in the cleaning agent, it is preferably present in a proportion of 2 to 90 percent by weight in the case of an anhydrous composition and 0.5 to 40 percent by weight in the case of an aqueous composition.
  • ketonic solvent is not the only solvent in the cleaning agent, it is preferably present in a proportion of between 0.2 and 10 percent by weight.
  • chlorinated solvent is not the only solvent in the cleaning agent, it is preferably present in a proportion of between 3 and 45 percent by weight.
  • a hydrocarbon is not the only solvent in the cleaning agent, it is preferably present in a proportion of between 3 and 60 percent by weight.
  • this is preferably used in a proportion between 5 and 50 percent by weight.
  • the cleaning agent used in the implementation can be applied in any way, such as by soaking or spraying; Spraying is by far preferred, however, because it is simpler and more economical. This is done by using a container containing the cleaning agent, such as a flexible bottle that can be sprayed simply by pressing, or a container equipped with a direct-delivery pump or a pump that has been pressurized beforehand.
  • An aerosol can can also be used, the propellant added to the cleaning agent being selected from those known to the person skilled in the art, for example propane, butane, dichlorodifluoromethane, di-nitrogen monoxide and carbon dioxide; 20 to 100 parts of propane, butane or dichlorodifluoromethane or 3 to 10 parts of di-nitrogen monoxide or carbon dioxide are used per 100 parts by weight of detergent, for example.
  • propane, butane, dichlorodifluoromethane, di-nitrogen monoxide and carbon dioxide 20 to 100 parts of propane, butane or dichlorodifluoromethane or 3 to 10 parts of di-nitrogen monoxide or carbon dioxide are used per 100 parts by weight of detergent, for example.
  • the absorbent sheet consists of any known, porous or fibrous, flexible material. Specific examples of absorbent sheets are preferably weakly sized or unsized paper, cotton fabric, plant fiber nonwovens, felts and cellulose wadding in one or more layers.
  • An absorbent sheet can also consist of a layer of absorbent powdered material between two layers of fibrous material or between a layer of fibrous material and a layer of permeable material such as a polyethylene. Dry clay, kaolin, montmorillonite, natural or synthetic silica or ground vegetable fibers can be considered as the absorbent powdery substance.
  • the thickness of the absorbent sheet depends on its absorbency; in practice the thickness used should correspond to a density between 15 and 200 grams per square meter and preferably between 30 and 100 grams per square meter.
  • the dimensions of the absorbent sheet depend on the one hand on those of the washing machine drum and on the other hand on those of the treated articles of clothing.
  • the strip used should have the largest width and length permitted in the washing machine.
  • the absorbent sheet preferably has a length between 30 and 150 cm and a width between 5 and 40 cm.
  • the dimensions of the absorbent sheet will also be in between and fit the size of the treated garments.
  • the absorbent sheet can consist of several layers, from which the one that has come into contact with the garment is removed before the next treatment.
  • the absorbent sheet can also have a special structure, such as a corrugated, pleated, slightly embossed or satin.
  • the film with the absorbent sheet and the soaked or sprayed clothing items can be held together by means of a system of clips and / or sliders, the latter advantageously occupying the entire width of the absorbent sheet.
  • the impermeable film is obtained by hot coating the absorbent sheet and is integral with it.
  • the impermeable film surrounding the absorbent sheet preferably has a fastening system which makes it possible to keep it closed over the articles of clothing; such a system can consist of snap fasteners, a zipper, a Velcro strip, hooks or the like. As a limit case, such a system can be used to achieve a tight cover around the items of clothing, so that spinning is possible even in the presence of water in the washing machine.
  • the film overlapping the absorbent sheet forms a sack which envelops it and the items of clothing.
  • the absorbent sheet in the form of a bag has gussets which make it possible to increase its capacity.
  • the purpose of the absorbent sheet is to collect the detergent after removing the dirt from the clothes.
  • centrifuging is to allow the cleaning agent to migrate as completely as possible into the absorbent layer.
  • This process is the subject of stage E after the articles of clothing with the absorbent sheet in the surrounding impermeable film have been placed flat on the inner circular surface of the drum of a washing machine, the article of clothing on the inside of the drum and the absorbent sheet on the perforated wall of the drum are turned.
  • One spin may be sufficient, but it is generally preferable to do two.
  • the garment and the absorbent sheet as a whole can be held against the wall of the drum either by the inherent stiffness of the absorbent sheet and the impervious film or by a system of clips, fasteners, sliders or ribs or any other suitable system.
  • the whole thing is removed from the drum and the garment is separated from the absorbent sheet.
  • the garment can be used in this condition, but it is generally preferable to let it dry. If the washing machine has a drying device, you can of course use it to finish the job. It is preferable not to completely cover the garment with an impervious film.
  • a combination of a cleaning agent and an absorbent sheet is produced in the composition given below (values in percentages by weight):
  • the detergent is placed in a bottle equipped with a small hand-operated pump which dispenses the composition in sprayed form; a piece of felt (so-called piano hammer quality), which can be used as a friction rag, with a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 8 mm is glued to the part of the pump opposite its opening.
  • a piece of felt so-called piano hammer quality
  • the absorbent sheet consists of a single layer of a 70 g / m 2 light blue colored fleece 25 cm wide and one meter long.
  • the absorbent sheet is covered on one side with a 22 g / m 2 impermeable polyethylene film obtained by hot coating; a 0.05 mm thick and 20 cm wide polyethylene film is welded over the entire length of the edge of this impermeable film.
  • the combination constructed in this way is used to clean stains on a 25 - 35 cm piece of pure new wool, which are about 1 cm 2 in size and come from the following products: sweetened coffee, soiled fat, black shoe polish, mulberry jam, black felt-tip ink, olive oil , spicy tomato sauce, mustard, pomegranate syrup, vinegar and red wine. Allow these spots to age for a few days and then apply the procedure as follows:
  • stains are removed from identical pieces of tissue stained in the same manner using ten different commercial household stain removal products and ten industrial stain removal products.
  • the treatment is completed by soaking in perchlorethylene (1,1,2,2-tetrachlorethylene) and then drying in air.
  • the stain removing compositions are each placed in a 28 mm diameter cylindrical container, the opening of which is provided with a piece of felt which comes into contact with the composition and serves as a friction cloth.
  • the rinse compositions are placed in a container provided with a small hand-operated pump that allows the composition to be dispensed in a sprayed form.
  • a combination of a cleaning agent and an absorbent sheet is produced in the composition given below (values in percentages by weight):
  • the stain removing composition is placed in a 28 mm diameter cylindrical container, the opening of which is provided with a piece of felt which comes into contact with the composition and serves as a friction rag.
  • the flushing composition is placed in an aerosol can.
  • the absorbent sheet consists of three layers of 20 g / m 2 heavy, bleached fleece and is 25 cm wide and 120 cm long so that it can be cut as required.
  • the absorbent sheet has a slightly embossed, white, impermeable, 25 g / m 2 heavy and 25 cm wide polyethylene film, which is welded over the entire length to one side of the absorbent sheet.
  • the device comprises a second semi-rigid, impermeable and 0.3 mm thick polyethylene film.
  • This second impermeable film has a width of 70 cm and a length of 120 cm; it is folded over its entire length with a gusset on both sides, so that it forms a 26 cm wide envelope which is to contain the absorbent sheet, the first impermeable film and the garment; the envelope thus formed can be closed by means of a Velcro fastener system.
  • Combinations constructed in this way are distributed to housewives with instructions for use. After twelve days, surveys are made of the extent to which these have been used and how the housewife assesses the results obtained in comparison with the generally obtained results when she entrusts her clothes to a commercial cleaning company.

Abstract

Process for cleaning clothes at home with the aid of solvent, by A. treating the article of clothing with a cleaning agent comprising at least one organic solvent, and then B. laying the article of clothing flat on an absorbent sheet, and C. laying the article of clothing+absorbent sheet flat on the interior circular surface of the drum of a washing machine in order to spin it. Operation A can be carried out in two successive stages using a stain-removing agent and a rinsing agent.

Description

Es ist bekannt, dass man Kleider mittels chemischer Reinigungsverfahren reinigen kann, wobei organische Lösungsmittel wie Trichloräthylen eingesetzt werden, die ein hohes Lösungsvermögen für die meisten Substanzen, welche Kleider häufig verschmutzen, und einen niedrigen Siedepunkt aufweisen, der eine leichte Rückgewinnung dieser Lösungsmittel gestattet. Nachteilig ist dabei, dass die chemische Reinigung wegen Giftigkeit der Dämpfe dieser Lösungsmittel nur in Spezialgeschäften durchgeführt werden kann, die mit grossen und sehr aufwendigen Einrichtungen und mit guter Lüftung versehen sein müssen. Ausserdem werden die Kleider gewöhnlich zusammen mit zahlreichen anderen behandelt, wobei stets eine Infektionsgefahr durch Bakterien, Pilze und Viren besteht, die durch die Kleider von an Krankheiten leidenden Drittpersonen eingebracht werden.It is known that clothes can be cleaned by chemical cleaning methods, using organic solvents such as trichlorethylene, which have a high solubility for most substances which often contaminate clothes and a low boiling point which allows these solvents to be easily recovered. The disadvantage here is that, because of the toxicity of the vapors of these solvents, chemical cleaning can only be carried out in specialty shops which have to be provided with large and very complex facilities and good ventilation. In addition, the clothes are usually treated with numerous others, and there is always a risk of infection from bacteria, fungi and viruses, which are brought in by the clothes of third parties suffering from diseases.

Es wurde nun ein Verfahren gefunden, welches es gestattet, Textilmaterial problemlos zu reinigen.A method has now been found which allows textile material to be cleaned without problems.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Reinigung von Textilmaterial durch dessen Behandlung mit einem mindestens ein organisches Lösungsmittel enthaltenden Reinigungsmittel, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass man

  • (A) mit dem Reinigungsmittel getränktes Textilmaterial mit einem saugfähigen Bogen in Kontakt bringt ;
  • (B) die nicht in Kontakt mit dem Textilmaterial gebrachte Seite des saugfähigen Bogens mit einer undurchlässigen Folie einhüllt ;
  • (C) aus der undurchlässigen Folie ein geschlossenes System bildet, das den saugfähigen Bogen und das Textilmaterial umschliesst ;
  • (D) das geschlossene System flach auf die innere Zylinderfläche einer Waschmaschinentrommel legt, wobei der saugfähige Bogen radial gesehen in der Trommel aussen liegt ;
  • (E) das Reinigungsmittel durch Rotieren der Waschmaschinentrommel in den saugfähigen Bogen schleudert; und
  • (F) das gereinigte Textilmaterial aus dem geschlossenen System herausnimmt.
The invention relates to a method for cleaning textile material by treating it with a cleaning agent containing at least one organic solvent, which is characterized in that
  • (A) contacting textile material impregnated with the cleaning agent with an absorbent sheet;
  • (B) envelops the side of the absorbent sheet not in contact with the fabric with an impervious film;
  • (C) forms a closed system from the impermeable film, which encloses the absorbent sheet and the textile material;
  • (D) laying the closed system flat on the inner cylinder surface of a washing machine drum, the absorbent sheet lying radially inside the drum;
  • (E) throwing the detergent into the absorbent sheet by rotating the washing machine drum; and
  • (F) takes the cleaned textile material out of the closed system.

Die im Reinigungsmittel vorhandenen Lösungsmittel werden unter für ihr Fleckenentfernungsvermögen bekannten Flüssigkeiten ausgewählt.The solvents present in the cleaning agent are selected from liquids known for their stain removal ability.

Das in Stufe A des Verfahrens eingesetzte Reinigungsmittel enthält vorzugsweise ein alkoholisches oder ketonisches Lösungsmittel, einen Aether, ein chloriertes Lösungsmittel, einen Kohlenwasserstoff oder ein Gemisch von zwei oder mehreren dieser Lösungsmittel.The cleaning agent used in stage A of the process preferably contains an alcoholic or ketonic solvent, an ether, a chlorinated solvent, a hydrocarbon or a mixture of two or more of these solvents.

Das für sich oder im Gemisch mit einem oder mehreren anderen Lösungsmitteln verwendete alkoholische Lösungsmittel wird vorzugsweise unter Alkanolen mit ein bis vier Kohlenstoffatomen, wie Methanol, Aethanol, Propanol, Isopropanol, Butanol, Isobutanol, sek.-Butanol, tert.-Butanol und Gemischen dieser Alkanole ausgewählt; bevorzugt wählt man das alkoholische Lösungsmittel unter Aethanol, Propanol und Isopropanol ; doch kann auch Benzylalkohol verwendet werden.The alcoholic solvent used alone or in a mixture with one or more other solvents is preferably used under alkanols having one to four carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol and mixtures thereof Alkanols selected; the alcoholic solvent is preferably chosen from ethanol, propanol and isopropanol; however, benzyl alcohol can also be used.

Das für sich oder im Gemisch mit einem oder mehreren anderen Lösungsmitteln verwendete ketonische Lösungsmittel wird vorzugsweise unter Alkanonen mit drei bis sechs Kohlenstoffatomen, wie Aceton, Butanon, Pentanon-2, Pentanon-3, 2-Methylbutanon-3, Hexanon-3, 3-Methylpentanon-2, 4-Methylpentanon-2, 2-Methylpentanon-3 und Gemischen dieser Ketone ausgewählt; als ketonisches Lösungsmittel kann auch Cyclohexanon anwesend sein ; das bevorzugte ketonische Lösungsmittel wird unter Aceton und Butanon ausgewählt.The ketone solvent used alone or in a mixture with one or more other solvents is preferably used under alkanones having three to six carbon atoms, such as acetone, butanone, pentanone-2, pentanone-3, 2-methylbutanone-3, hexanone-3, 3- Methyl pentanone-2, 4-methyl pentanone-2, 2-methyl pentanone-3 and mixtures of these ketones; Cyclohexanone can also be present as the ketonic solvent; the preferred ketonic solvent is selected from acetone and butanone.

Der für sich oder im Gemisch mit einem oder mehreren anderen Lösungsmitteln verwendete Aether wird vorzugsweise unter Oxaalkanen und deren hydroxy-substituierten Derivaten, y-Dioxaalkanen und deren hydroxy-substituierten Derivaten, Bis-y-trioxaalkanen mit höchstens zehn Kohlenstoffatomen und Gemischen dieser Verbindungen ausgewählt.The ether used alone or in a mixture with one or more other solvents is preferably selected from oxaalkanes and their hydroxy-substituted derivatives, y-dioxaalkanes and their hydroxy-substituted derivatives, bis-y-trioxaalkanes with at most ten carbon atoms and mixtures of these compounds.

Beispiele für Oxaalkane sind Diäthyläther, Dipropyläther, Diisopropyläther, Butyläther und Isobutyl- äther. Hydroxy-substituierte Oxaalkane sind beispielsweise 2-Methoxyäthanol, 2-Aethoxyäthanol, 2-Isopropoxyäthanol, 2-Methoxypropanol, 2-Aethoxypropanol und 2-Isopropoxypropanol.Examples of oxaalkanes are diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, butyl ether and isobutyl ether, and hydroxy-substituted oxaalkanes include 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-isopropoxyethanol, 2-methoxypropanol, 2-ethoxypropanol and 2-isopropoxypropanol.

Beispiele für γ-DioxaaIkane sind Dimethyl-, Diäthyl-, Dipropyl- und Diisopropyläther des Aethylenglykols, Propylenglykols und Butylenglykols.Examples of γ-dioxaalkanes are dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl and diisopropyl ether of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and butylene glycol.

Hydroxy-substituierte γ-DioxaaIkane sind zum Beispiel die Monomethyl-, Monoäthyl-, Monopropyl-und Monoisopropyläther des Diäthylenglykols und Dipropylenglykols.Hydroxy-substituted γ-dioxaalkanes are, for example, the monomethyl, monoethyl, monopropyl and monoisopropyl ethers of diethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol.

Beispiele für Bis-y-trioxaalkane sind die Dimethyl-, Diäthyl-, Dipropyl- und Diisopropyläther des Diäthylenglykols sowie die Dimethyl- und Diäthyläther des Dipropylenglykols.Examples of bis-y-trioxaalkanes are the dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl and diisopropyl ethers of diethylene glycol and the dimethyl and diethyl ethers of dipropylene glycol.

Vorzugsweise besitzen die Aether einen Verdunstungsindex, der weniger als hundertmal der des Aethyläthers ist, wobei dieser Index der zur vollständigen Verdunstung des auf ein Filterpapier aufgebrachten Lösungsmittels erforderlichen Zeit proportional ist.Preferably, the ethers have an evaporation index less than a hundred times that of the ethyl ether, which index is proportional to the time required to completely evaporate the solvent applied to a filter paper.

Das für sich oder im Gemisch mit einem oder mehreren anderen Lösungsmitteln verwendete chlorierte Lösungsmittel wird vorzugsweise unter den di- bis tetrachlorierten Derivaten des Methans, den di- bis pentachlorierten Derivaten des Aethans und Aethylens, den mono- bis trichlorierten Derivaten des Cyclohexans und Monochlorbenzols ausgewählt. Beispiele für Lösungsmittel dieses Typs sind Methylenchlorid, 1,1-Dichloräthan, 1,2-Dichloräthan, 1,1-Dichloräthylen, 1,2-Dichloräthylen, 1,1,1-Trichloräthan, 1,1,2-Trichloräthan, Trichloräthylen, 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloräthan, Tetrachloräthylen, Pentachloräthan, Monochlorcyclohexan, 1,4-Dichlorcyclohexan, Monochlorbenzol und Gemische dieser Verbindungen.The chlorinated solvent used alone or in a mixture with one or more other solvents is preferably selected from the di- to tetrachlorinated derivatives of methane, the di- to pentachlorinated derivatives of ethane and ethylene, the mono- to trichlorinated derivatives of cyclohexane and monochlorobenzene. Examples of solvents of this type are methylene chloride, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, trichlorethylene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, tetrachlorethylene, pentachloroethane, mono chlorocyclohexane, 1,4-dichlorocyclohexane, monochlorobenzene and mixtures of these compounds.

Der für sich oder im Gemisch mit einem oder mehreren Lösungsmitteln verwendete Kohlenwasserstoff wird vorzugsweise unter gesättigten cyklischen, aliphatischen oder alicyklischen Kohlenwasserstoffen, aromatischen oder alkylaromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen, Terpenkohlenwasserstoffen mit 10 Kohlenstoffatomen und Gemischen dieser Kohlenwasserstoffe ausgewählt.The hydrocarbon used alone or in a mixture with one or more solvents is preferably selected from saturated cyclic, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic or alkylaromatic hydrocarbons, terpene hydrocarbons with 10 carbon atoms and mixtures of these hydrocarbons.

Die für sich oder im Gemisch mit den anderen Kohlenwasserstoffen verwendeten aromatischen und alkylaromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffe werden beispielsweise unter den folgenden ausgewählt : Toluol, Aethylbenzol, ortho-Xylol, meta-Xylol, para-Xylol, Isopropylbenzol, 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzol, Cumol, Pseudocumol, l,4-Diisopropylbenzol, Tetralin, 1-Methyltetralin, 2-Methyltetralin und deren Gemische.The aromatic and alkylaromatic hydrocarbons used alone or in a mixture with the other hydrocarbons are selected, for example, from the following: toluene, ethylbenzene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, isopropylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, cumene, Pseudocumene, 1,4-diisopropylbenzene, tetralin, 1-methyltetralin, 2-methyltetralin and mixtures thereof.

Die für sich oder im Gemisch mit den anderen Kohlenwasserstoffen verwendeten, gesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffe werden beispielsweise unter den folgenden ausgewählt: 2-Methylheptan, Oktan, Aethylcyclohexan, Nonan, Isopropylcyclohexan, Dekan, Undekan, Dodekan, Dekalin, 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexan, 1,3-Dimethylcyclohexan, 1,4-Dimethylcyclohexan, 2-Methyloktan, 2-Methylnonan und deren Gemische.The saturated hydrocarbons used alone or in a mixture with the other hydrocarbons are selected, for example, from the following: 2-methylheptane, octane, ethylcyclohexane, nonane, isopropylcyclohexane, decane, undecane, dodecane, decalin, 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane, 1,3 -Dimethylcyclohexane, 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane, 2-methyloctane, 2-methylnonane and their mixtures.

Handelsübliche Gemische von aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen und deren Gemische mit gesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffen sind ebenfalls geeignet. Die folgenden sind Beispiele für solche Gemische, wobei die Prozentgehalte an aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen in Klammern angegeben sind : Panasolve @RX-5 (70 %), RX-21 (99 %), RX-22 (94 %), RX-34 (100 %), Amsco LEP Solvent (18,5 %), Amsco mineral spirit (17 %), Amsco 140 Solvent (17 %), Amsco 460 Solvent (18 %), Laktane ® Esso (21,5 %), Varsol® 1 Esso (18 %),Varsol®2Esso(31,5 %),Varsol®3Esso(15 %),Solvesso®100(99 %),Solvesso®150(9 %),Tolu-Sol®19 Shell (25 %),Tolu-Sol®25 Shell (25 %),Tolu-Sol®28 Shell (28 %), Tolu-Sol®40 Shell (39 %),Tolu-Sol®45 Shell (45 %), Cyclo-Sol® 43 Shell (99 %), TS-28 R Shell (73 %), TS-28 Shell (75 %), Cyclo-Sol® 53 Shell (99,5 %), Cyclo-Sol® 63 Shell (99,5 %), Mineral Spirits 105 Shell (28 %), Mineral Spirits 110 Shell (27 %), Nona-Sol 120 Shell (20 %), White Spirit Shell (17 %), White Spirit BP (18 %), Dilutine® M 5 Shell (< 5 %), Dilutine® 21 Shell (17 %), Tetrasol G Shell (< 5 %), Sangajol® B Shell (17 %), Solnap BP (3 %), Supersol BP (97 %), Petrole normal BP (15 %), Exsol® D. 45/100 Esso (1,2 %), Esso D. 60/95 Esso (1,2 %), Exsol® D. 70/100 Esso (1,2 %), Exsol® D. 100/130 Esso (4 %), Exsol® D. 100/160 Esso (4 %), Exsol® D. 145/195 Esso (5 %), Varsol® 145/195 Esso (17%), Essence speciale E Esso (9 %), und Essence speciale F Esso (12,5%).Commercially available mixtures of aromatic hydrocarbons and their mixtures with saturated hydrocarbons are also suitable. The following are examples of such mixtures, with percentages of aromatic hydrocarbons given in parentheses: Panasolve @ RX-5 (70%), RX-21 (99%), RX-22 (94%), RX-34 (100 %), Amsco LEP Solvent (18.5%), Amsco mineral spirit (17%), Amsco 140 Solvent (17%), Amsco 460 Solvent (18%), Laktane ® Esso (21.5%), Varsol® 1 Esso (18%), Varsol®2Esso (31.5%), Varsol®3Esso (15%), Solvesso®100 (99%), Solvesso®150 (9%), Tolu-Sol®19 Shell (25%) , Tolu-Sol®25 Shell (25%), Tolu-Sol®28 Shell (28%), Tolu-Sol®40 Shell (39%), Tolu-Sol®45 Shell (45%), Cyclo-Sol® 43 Shell (99%), TS-28 R Shell (73%), TS-28 Shell (75%), Cyclo-Sol® 53 Shell (99.5%), Cyclo-Sol® 63 Shell (99.5%) , Mineral Spirits 105 Shell (28%), Mineral Spirits 110 Shell (27%), Nona-Sol 120 Shell (20%), White Spirit Shell (17%), White Spirit BP (18%), Dilutine® M 5 Shell (<5%), Dilutine® 21 Shell (17%), Tetrasol G Shell (<5%), Sangajol® B Shell (17%), Solnap BP (3%), Supersol BP (97%), Petrole norm al BP (15%), Exsol® D. 45/100 Esso (1.2%), Esso D. 60/95 Esso (1.2%), Exsol® D. 70/100 Esso (1.2%) , Exsol® D. 100/130 Esso (4%), Exsol® D. 100/160 Esso (4%), Exsol® D. 145/195 Esso (5%), Varsol® 145/195 Esso (17%) , Essence speciale E Esso (9%), and Essence speciale F Esso (12.5%).

Die für sich oder im Gemisch mit den anderen Kohlenwasserstoffen verwendeten Terpenkohlenwasserstoffe werden beispielsweise unter den folgenden ausgewählt: Pinen, Limonen, Dipenten, Terpinen, Terpinolen, Menthen, Myrcen, Sabinen, Ocimen, Phellandren und deren Gemische.The terpene hydrocarbons used alone or in a mixture with the other hydrocarbons are selected, for example, from the following: pinene, limonene, dipentene, terpinene, terpinolene, menthene, myrcene, sabine, ocimene, phellandrene and mixtures thereof.

Wahlweise, doch bevorzugt, kann das Reinigungsmittel ferner eine Wassermenge bis zu 60 Gewichtsprozent des Reinigungsmittels enthalten. In diesem Fall ist es zweckmässig, jedoch nicht unbedingt notwendig, dass mit dem Wasser ein Tensid vorliegt. Gewünschtenfalls kann dies auch bei Abwesenheit von Wasser vorhanden sein.Optionally, but preferably, the detergent may further contain up to 60 percent by weight of the detergent. In this case it is useful, but not absolutely necessary, that a surfactant is present with the water. If desired, this can also be present in the absence of water.

Erfindungsgemäss verwendbare Tenside kann man unter sämtlichen bekannten anionen-aktiven, kationen-aktiven, amphoteren oder nicht-ionogenen Tensiden auswählen. Typische Tenside sind in « McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers 1969 Annual [McCutcheons Tensid- und Emulgatorenjahrbuch 1969] beschrieben, wo diese Verbindungen nach ihrer chemischen Formel und ihrem Handelsnamen geordnet verzeichnet sind. Weitere geeignete Tenside sind in Surface Active Agents and Detergents, [Tenside und Waschmittel], Band II, von Schwartz, Perry und Berch (Interscience Publishers, 1958) beschrieben.Surfactants which can be used according to the invention can be selected from all known anion-active, cation-active, amphoteric or non-ionic surfactants. Typical surfactants are described in "McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers 1969 Annual", where these compounds are listed in order of their chemical formula and their trade name. Other suitable surfactants are described in Surface Active Agents and Detergents, [Surfactants and Detergents], Volume II, by Schwartz, Perry and Berch (Interscience Publishers, 1958).

Geeignete anionen-aktive Tenside sind beispielsweise Seifen sowie synthetische sulfierte und sulfonierte Tenside, insbesondere anionen-aktive Tenside mit 8 bis 26 und vorzugsweise 10 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen im Molekül. Die Seifen sind im allgemeinen wasserlösliche Seifen langkettiger Fettsäuren mit je 10 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen und deren Gemische.Suitable anion-active surfactants are, for example, soaps and synthetic sulfonated and sulfonated surfactants, in particular anion-active surfactants with 8 to 26 and preferably 10 to 22 carbon atoms in the molecule. The soaps are generally water-soluble soaps of long-chain fatty acids each with 10 to 18 carbon atoms and their mixtures.

Sulfierte und sulfonierte Tenside sind ebenfalls in der Technik bekannt und lassen sich aus geeigneten sulfonierbaren organischen Stoffen herstellen. Unter der grossen Vielfalt geeigneter Sulfate und Sulfonate verwendet man bevorzugt aliphatische Sulfate und Sulfonate mit 8 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen in der Alkylgruppe, vorzugsweise mit 12 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen.Sulphonated and sulphonated surfactants are also known in the art and can be prepared from suitable sulphonatable organic substances. Among the wide variety of suitable sulfates and sulfonates, preference is given to using aliphatic sulfates and sulfonates having 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, preferably having 12 to 18 carbon atoms.

Die in Frage kommenden waschaktiven alkylaromatischen Sulfonate können einkerniger oder mehrkerniger Struktur sein.The wash-active alkyl aromatic sulfonates in question can be mononuclear or polynuclear in structure.

Insbesondere kann der aromatische Kern sich von Benzol, Toluol, Xylol, Phenol, Kresolen, Phenoläthern, Naphthalin oder Phenantrenderivaten ableiten. Es wurde auch gefunden, dass man die Alkylgruppe in ähnlicher Weise variieren kann. So können beispielsweise die Alkylgruppen eine lineare oder verzweigte Kette aufweisen (wobei lineare Ketten besonders bevorzugt sind), und dies können zum Beispiel Dodecyl-, Tridecyl-, Pentadecyl-, Octyl-, Nonyl-, Decyl- oder Undecylreste, von Fettprodukten abgeleitete gmischte Alkyle, Olefine aus gekracktem Paraffinwachs oder auch Polymere niedriger Monoolefine sein. Die Anzahl am Kern stehender Sulfongruppen können zwar schwanken, doch liegt gewöhnlich nur eine dieser Gruppen vor, um den bestmöglichen Ausgleich zwischen den hydrophilen und hydrophoben Teilen des Moleküls beizubehalten und wirksame Oberflächenaktivität zu erzielen.In particular, the aromatic nucleus can be derived from benzene, toluene, xylene, phenol, cresols, phenol ethers, naphthalene or phenane derivatives. It has also been found that the alkyl group can be varied in a similar manner. For example, the alkyl groups may have a linear or branched chain (linear chains being particularly preferred), and this may include, for example, dodecyl, tridecyl, pentadecyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl or undecyl residues, mixed alkyls derived from fat products , Olefins from cracked paraffin wax or polymers of lower monoolefins. The number of core sulfone groups can vary, but usually only one of these groups is present in order to maintain the best possible balance between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the molecule and to achieve effective surface activity.

Weitere spezielle Beispiele für geeignete oberflächenaktive alkylaromatische Sulfonate sind lineare Alkylbenzolsulfonate, in denen die Alkylgruppe 10 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatome, beispielsweise 10 bis 15 Kohlenstoffatome im Durchschnitt, enthält ; spezielle Beispiele dafür sind Natriumdodecylbenzolsulfonat, Natriumtridecylbenzolsulfonat und höhere Natriumalkylbenzolsulfonate, in denen das Alkyl 10 bis 15 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist und im Durchschnitt 12,5 Kohlenstoffatome im Molekül enthält.Further specific examples of suitable surface-active alkylaromatic sulfonates are linear alkylbenzenesulfonates in which the alkyl group contains 10 to 18 carbon atoms, for example 10 to 15 carbon atoms on average; specific examples are sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium tridecylbenzenesulfonate and higher sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates, in which the alkyl 10 to 15 Has carbon atoms and contains an average of 12.5 carbon atoms in the molecule.

Weitere geeignete Mittel sind sulfatierte oder sulfonierte, oberflächenaktive aliphatische Verbindungen mit vorzugsweise 12 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen. Die folgenden fallen unter diese Definition : Schwefelsäureester von unvollständig mit langkettigen Fettsäuren veresterten Polyalkoholen, zum Beispiel das Monosulfat des Kokosfettmonoglycerids und das Monosulfat des Talgglycerids, reine oder gemischte langkettige Alkylsufate, zum Beispiel Laurylsulfat und Cetylsulfat, hydroxy-sulfonierte langkettige Fettsäureester, wie langkettige Fettsäureester der Isäthionsäure, Sulfate von Fettsäureäthanolamiden und Olefin- und Paraffinsulfate. Insbesondere verwendet man vorzugsweise sulfierte aliphatische Verbindungen mit mindestens 8 Kohlenstoffatomen, speziell solche mit 12 bis 18 oder 22 Kohlenstoffatomen im Molekül. Wenn ein Phosphorgehalt zulässig ist, kann man auch die entsprechenden organischen Phosphate und Phosphonate zusätzlich oder anstelle der oberflächenaktiven aliphatischen und aromatischen Sulfate und Sulfonate einsetzen.Other suitable agents are sulfated or sulfonated, surface-active aliphatic compounds with preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms. The following fall under this definition: sulfuric acid esters of polyalcohols incompletely esterified with long-chain fatty acids, for example the monosulfate of coconut fat monoglyceride and the monosulfate of tallow glyceride, pure or mixed long-chain alkyl sulfates, for example lauryl sulfate and cetyl sulfate, hydroxy-fatty acid-esterified long-chain fatty acids such as long-chain fatty acids Isethionic acid, sulfates of fatty acid ethanol amides and olefin and paraffin sulfates. In particular, sulfated aliphatic compounds having at least 8 carbon atoms, especially those having 12 to 18 or 22 carbon atoms in the molecule, are preferably used. If a phosphorus content is permissible, the corresponding organic phosphates and phosphonates can also be used in addition to or instead of the surface-active aliphatic and aromatic sulfates and sulfonates.

Als kationen-aktive Tenside kommen langkettige quartäre Alkylammoniumverbindungen in Betracht, beispielsweise quartäre Cetylammoniumsalze. Zu dieser Gruppe gehören Cetyltrimethylammoniumchlorid und Cetylpyridiniumchlorid. Eine weitere verwendbare Verbindung ist Diäthylenaminoäthyloleylamid.Long-chain quaternary alkylammonium compounds, for example quaternary cetylammonium salts, are suitable as cation-active surfactants. This group includes cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride. Another compound that can be used is diethyleneaminoethyloleylamide.

Nicht-ionogene Tenside umfassen : Polyoxyäthylenäther hydroxy-substituierter alkylaromatischer Verbindungen (beispielsweise polyoxyäthylenierte Alkylphenole), Polyoxyethylenäther hydrophober Propylenoxydpolymere sowie höhere Alkylaminoxyde wie Lauryldimethylaminoxyd. Erfindungsgemäss ist es ferner möglich, amphotere Mittel zu verwenden ; als Beispiele dafür seien genannt : Salze von höheren Alkyl-ß-aminopropionsäuren, beispielsweise das Natriumsalz von N-Lauryl-ß-alanin, durch höhere Alkylgruppen substituierte Betaine, zum Beispiel Lauryldimethylammoniumessigsäure, sowie Verbindungen vom Imidazolintyp, wofür das Dinatriumsalz des 1-(2-Hydroxyäthyl)-1-(carboxymethyl)-2-(hendecyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazoliniumhydroxids als Beispiel genannt sei.Nonionic surfactants include: polyoxyethylene ethers of hydroxy substituted alkyl aromatic compounds (e.g. polyoxyethylene alkylphenols), polyoxyethylene ethers of hydrophobic propylene oxide polymers, and higher alkyl amine oxides such as lauryl dimethyl amine oxide. According to the invention, it is also possible to use amphoteric agents; Examples include: salts of higher alkyl- ß- aminopropionic acids, for example the sodium salt of N-lauryl-ß-alanine, betaines substituted by higher alkyl groups, for example lauryldimethylammonium acetic acid, and compounds of the imidazoline type, for which the disodium salt of 1- (2 Hydroxyethyl) -1- (carboxymethyl) -2- (hendecyl) -4,5-dihydroimidazolinium hydroxide may be mentioned as an example.

Die anionen-aktiven und kationen-aktiven Tenside werden im allgemeinen in Form ihrer wasserlöslichen Salze eingesetzt. Soweit es sich um synthetische anionen-aktive Verbindungen handelt, werden die Alkalisalze, (zum Beispiel die Natrium- und Kaliumsalze) bevorzugt, doch ist es möglich, gewünschtenfalls andere Salze einzusetzen, zum Beispiel Ammoniumsalze, Niederalkylaminsalze (d. h. Salze von Mono- und Trialkylaminen mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen in der Alkylgruppe, z. B. Methylamin, Diisopropylamin und Tributylamin), Salze von Niederalkanolaminen (z. B. Aethanolamin, Diäthanolamin, Triäthanolamin und Isopropanolamin) und auch Erdalkalisalze sowie Salze ähnlicher Metalle, beispielsweise Calcium- und Magnesiumsalze. Bei den kationen-aktiven Tensiden können Chlorid, Sulfat, Acetat und dergleichen als Anionen vorliegen.The anion-active and cation-active surfactants are generally used in the form of their water-soluble salts. As far as synthetic anion-active compounds are concerned, the alkali salts (for example the sodium and potassium salts) are preferred, but it is possible to use other salts if desired, for example ammonium salts, lower alkylamine salts (ie salts of mono- and trialkylamines with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, e.g. methylamine, diisopropylamine and tributylamine), salts of lower alkanolamines (e.g. ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and isopropanolamine) and also alkaline earth metal salts and salts of similar metals, for example calcium and magnesium salts. In the cation-active surfactants, chloride, sulfate, acetate and the like may be present as anions.

Im erfindungsgemässen Verfahren verwendet man bevorzugt Alkyldimethylaminoxyde und Acylaminoalkyl-dimethylaminoxyde, wie Dodecyldimethylaminoxyd und 3-Laurylamidopropyl-dimethylaminoxyd, für sich oder im Gemisch mit einem anionen-aktiven Tensid, wie einem Natriumalkylsulfat oder -alkyläthersulfat, und/oder einem nicht-ionogenen Tensid, wie einem polyoxyäthylenierten Alkylphenol, zum Beispiel oxyäthyleniertem Octyl- oder Nonylphenol mit vorzugsweise 8 bis 10 Mol Aethylenoxyd.In the process according to the invention, preference is given to using alkyldimethylamine oxides and acylaminoalkyldimethylaminoxides, such as dodecyldimethylamine oxide and 3-laurylamidopropyldimethylamine oxide, by themselves or in a mixture with an anionic surfactant, such as a sodium alkyl sulfate or alkyl ether sulfate, and / or a nonionic surfactant, such as a polyoxyethylenated alkylphenol, for example oxyethylenated octyl or nonylphenol with preferably 8 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide.

Bei Verwendung eines Tensids liegt dieses vorzugsweise im Reinigungsmittel zu einem Anteil zwischen 0,1 und 25 Gewichtsprozent vor.When using a surfactant, this is preferably present in the cleaning agent in a proportion between 0.1 and 25 percent by weight.

Enthält das Reinigungsmittel Wasser, so kann es sein, dass die so gebildete Zusammensetzung homogen ist, ohne dass Rühren erforderlich wäre, oder aber sie muss gerührt werden, um die Bestandteile zu vermischen und eine Suspension zu erhalten, die mindestens für den Zeitraum der Behandlung mit Sicherheit stabil ist.If the cleaning agent contains water, the composition thus formed may be homogeneous without the need for stirring, or it may have to be stirred in order to mix the constituents and to obtain a suspension which is suitable for at least the period of treatment with Security is stable.

Das gegebenenfalls im Reinigungsmittel vorhandene Wasser ist ein weiches Wasser irgendwelchen Ursprungs (Fluss, Quelle oder Regen) ; vorzugsweise verwendet man ein Wasser niedriger Härte oder besonders bevorzugt entsalztes Wasser. Bei Gegenwart von Wasser im Reinigungsmittel liegt dessen Anteil vorzugsweise zwischen 5 und 60 Gewichtsprozent.Any water present in the detergent is soft water of any origin (river, spring or rain); preferably a water of low hardness or particularly preferably demineralized water is used. In the presence of water in the cleaning agent, its proportion is preferably between 5 and 60 percent by weight.

Wahlweise kann das Reinigungsmittel auch eine chlorfluorierte Verbindung mit ein oder zwei Kohlenstoffatomen enthalten, welche man unter bei Raumtemperatur flüssigen Verbindungen auswählt, wie Trichlorfluormethan und Trichlortrifluoräthan.The cleaning agent can optionally also contain a chlorofluorinated compound having one or two carbon atoms, which is selected from compounds which are liquid at room temperature, such as trichlorofluoromethane and trichlorotrifluoroethane.

Gewünschtenfalls kann das Reinigungsmittel auch ein Antischaummittel, ein Parfum, ein Antistatikum, ein Aerosoltreibmittel und/oder ein Bakterizid enthalten.If desired, the cleaning agent can also contain an antifoam, a perfume, an antistatic, an aerosol propellant and / or a bactericide.

Enthält das Reinigungsmittel mehrere organische Lösungsmittel, so wählt man dafür vorzugsweise ein alkoholisches Lösungsmittel ; besonders bevorzugt besteht dieses aus Isopropanol.If the cleaning agent contains several organic solvents, then preferably an alcoholic solvent is chosen; this is particularly preferably made of isopropanol.

Ist das alkoholische Lösungsmittel nicht das einzige Lösungsmittel im Reinigungsmittel, so liegt es vorzugsweise darin zu einem Anteil von 10 bis 90 Gewichtsprozent bei einer wasserfreien Zusammensetzung und 3 bis 60 Gewichtsprozent bei einer wässrigen Zusammensetzung vor.If the alcoholic solvent is not the only solvent in the cleaning agent, it is preferably present in a proportion of 10 to 90 percent by weight in the case of an anhydrous composition and 3 to 60 percent by weight in the case of an aqueous composition.

Ist der Aether nicht das einzige Lösungsmittel im Reinigungsmittel, so liegt er vorzugsweise darin zu einem Anteil von 2 bis 90 Gewichtsprozent bei einer wasserfreien Zusammensetzung und 0,5 bis 40 Gewichtsprozent bei einer wässrigen Zusammensetzung vor.If the ether is not the only solvent in the cleaning agent, it is preferably present in a proportion of 2 to 90 percent by weight in the case of an anhydrous composition and 0.5 to 40 percent by weight in the case of an aqueous composition.

Ist das ketonische Lösungsmittel nicht das einzige Lösungsmittel im Reinigungsmittel, so liegt es vorzugsweise darin zu einem Anteil zwischen 0,2 und 10 Gewichtsprozent vor.If the ketonic solvent is not the only solvent in the cleaning agent, it is preferably present in a proportion of between 0.2 and 10 percent by weight.

Ist das chlorierte Lösungsmittel nicht das einzige Lösungsmittel im Reinigungsmittel, so liegt es darin vorzugsweise zu einem Anteil zwischen 3 und 45 Gewichtsprozent vor.If the chlorinated solvent is not the only solvent in the cleaning agent, it is preferably present in a proportion of between 3 and 45 percent by weight.

Ist ein Kohlenwasserstoff nicht das einzige Lösungsmittel im Reinigungsmittel, so liegt er darin vorzugsweise zu einem Anteil zwischen 3 und 60 Gewichtsprozent vor.If a hydrocarbon is not the only solvent in the cleaning agent, it is preferably present in a proportion of between 3 and 60 percent by weight.

Bei Gegenwart des chlorfluorierten Lösungsmittels im Reinigungsmittel, wird dieses vorzugsweise zu einem Anteil zwischen 5 und 50 Gewichtsprozent eingesetzt.In the presence of the chlorofluorinated solvent in the cleaning agent, this is preferably used in a proportion between 5 and 50 percent by weight.

Das bei der Durchführung verwendete Reinigungsmittel kann in beliebiger Weise, wie durch Tränken oder Sprühen aufgebracht werden ; Sprühen wird jedoch bei weitem bevorzugt, da es einfacher und sparsamer ist. Dazu verwendet man einen das Reinigungsmittel enthaltenden Behälter wie eine biegsame Flasche, mit der man einfach durch Drücken sprüht, oder einen mit einer direktfördernden Pumpe oder einer zuvor unter Druck gesetzten Pumpe ausgerüsteten Behälter. Ferner kann man eine Aerosoldose benutzen, wobei man das dem Reinigungsmittel zugesetzte Treibmittel unter den dem Fachmann bekannten auswählt, beispielsweise Propan, Butan, Dichlordifluormethan, Di-Stickstoffmonoxyd und Kohlendioxyd ; dabei werden beispielsweise 20 bis 100 Teile Propan, Butan oder Dichlordifluormethan bzw. 3 bis 10 Teile Di-Stickstoffmonoxyd oder Kohlendioxyd auf 100 Gewichtsteile Reinigungsmittel eingesetzt.The cleaning agent used in the implementation can be applied in any way, such as by soaking or spraying; Spraying is by far preferred, however, because it is simpler and more economical. This is done by using a container containing the cleaning agent, such as a flexible bottle that can be sprayed simply by pressing, or a container equipped with a direct-delivery pump or a pump that has been pressurized beforehand. An aerosol can can also be used, the propellant added to the cleaning agent being selected from those known to the person skilled in the art, for example propane, butane, dichlorodifluoromethane, di-nitrogen monoxide and carbon dioxide; 20 to 100 parts of propane, butane or dichlorodifluoromethane or 3 to 10 parts of di-nitrogen monoxide or carbon dioxide are used per 100 parts by weight of detergent, for example.

Der saugfähige Bogen besteht aus einem beliebigen bekannten, porösen oder faserigen, biegsamen Stoff. Spezielle Beispiele für saugfähige Bögen sind vorzugsweise schwachgeleimtes oder ungeleimtes Papier, Baumwollgewebe, Pflanzenfaservliese, Filze und Zellstoffwatte in einer oder mehreren Lagen. Ein saugfähiger Bogen kann auch aus einer Schicht saugfähigen pulverförmigen Stoffs zwischen zwei Schichten faserigem Stoff oder zwischen einer Schicht von faserigem Stoff und einer Schicht durchlässigem Stoff wie einer Polyäthylen bestehen. Als saugfähiger pulverförmiger Stoff kommen trockener Ton, Kaolin, Montmorillonit, natürliche oder synthetische Kieselsäure oder gemahlene Pflanzenfasern in Betracht.The absorbent sheet consists of any known, porous or fibrous, flexible material. Specific examples of absorbent sheets are preferably weakly sized or unsized paper, cotton fabric, plant fiber nonwovens, felts and cellulose wadding in one or more layers. An absorbent sheet can also consist of a layer of absorbent powdered material between two layers of fibrous material or between a layer of fibrous material and a layer of permeable material such as a polyethylene. Dry clay, kaolin, montmorillonite, natural or synthetic silica or ground vegetable fibers can be considered as the absorbent powdery substance.

Die Dicke des saugfähigen Bogens hängt von dessen Saugfähigkeit ab; in der Praxis soll die verwendete Dicke einer zwischen 15 und 200 Gramm pro Quadratmeter und vorzugsweise zwischen 30 und 100 Gramm pro Quadratmeter liegenden Dichte entsprechen.The thickness of the absorbent sheet depends on its absorbency; in practice the thickness used should correspond to a density between 15 and 200 grams per square meter and preferably between 30 and 100 grams per square meter.

Die Abmessungen des saugfähigen Bogens hängen einerseits von denen der Waschmaschinentrommein und andererseits von denen der behandelten Kleidungsstücke ab.The dimensions of the absorbent sheet depend on the one hand on those of the washing machine drum and on the other hand on those of the treated articles of clothing.

Zur Behandlung einer Hose, einer Jacke oder eines Gabardin-Regenmantels soll der verwendete Streifen die grösste bei der Waschmaschine zulässige Breite und Länge aufweisen. Vorzugsweise besitzt der saugfähige Bogen eine Länge zwischen 30 und 150 cm und-eine Breite zwischen 5 und 40 cm.For the treatment of trousers, a jacket or a Gabardin raincoat, the strip used should have the largest width and length permitted in the washing machine. The absorbent sheet preferably has a length between 30 and 150 cm and a width between 5 and 40 cm.

Für Kleider dazwischenliegender Grössen werden die Abmessungen des saugfähigen Bogens ebenfalls dazwischen liegen und auf die Grösse der behandelten Kleidungsstücke passen.For dresses in between sizes, the dimensions of the absorbent sheet will also be in between and fit the size of the treated garments.

Natürlich kann man zweckmässig kleine Stücke saugfähigen Bogen an den Stellen auflegen, wie die Kleider gefaltet sind, wie an Krägen, Manschetten, Schlaufen oder Aufschlägen.Of course, you can expediently put small pieces of absorbent sheets on the places where the clothes are folded, such as on collars, cuffs, loops or cuffs.

Gewünschtenfalls und je nach dem Verschmutzungsgrad der vorher behandelten Kleider kann man natürlich den saugfähigen Bogen einmal oder mehrmals wieder verwenden, z. B. nach dem Trocknen.If desired and depending on the degree of soiling of the previously treated clothes, you can of course use the absorbent sheet once or several times, e.g. B. after drying.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Variante kann der saugfähige Bogen aus mehreren Lagen bestehen, von denen diejenige, die mit dem Kleidungsstück in Berührung gekommen ist, vor der nächsten Behandlung entfernt wird. Um ihm besondere Eigenschaften zu verleihen, kann der saugfähige Bogen auch eine spezielle Struktur aufweisen, wie eine gewellte, plissierte, leicht geprägte oder satinierte.According to an advantageous variant, the absorbent sheet can consist of several layers, from which the one that has come into contact with the garment is removed before the next treatment. In order to give it special properties, the absorbent sheet can also have a special structure, such as a corrugated, pleated, slightly embossed or satin.

Um sie gut an der Innenwand der Waschmaschinentrommel zu halten, kann man die Folie mit dem saugfähigen Bogen und den getränkten bzw. besprühten Kleidungsstücken mittels eines Systems von Klammern und/oder Schiebern zusammenhalten, wobei letztere vorteilhaft die ganze Breite des saugfähigen Bogens besetzen. Auch kann man einen starren Kunststoff- oder Metallstreifen verwenden, auf dem das System mit dem Kleidungsstück zusammenfixiert wird.In order to hold them well on the inner wall of the washing machine drum, the film with the absorbent sheet and the soaked or sprayed clothing items can be held together by means of a system of clips and / or sliders, the latter advantageously occupying the entire width of the absorbent sheet. You can also use a rigid plastic or metal strip on which the system is fixed together with the garment.

Nach einer bevorzugten Variante wird die undurchlässige Folie durch Heissbeschichtung des saugfähigen Bogens erhalten und ist einstückig mit diesem.According to a preferred variant, the impermeable film is obtained by hot coating the absorbent sheet and is integral with it.

Vorzugsweise weist die den saugfähigen Bogen umschliessende undurchlässige Folie ein Befestigungssystem auf, das es ermöglicht, sie über den Kleidungsstücken geschlossen zu halten ; ein derartiges System kann aus Druckknöpfen, einem Reissverschluss, einem Klettenverschlussstreifen, Haken oder dergleichen bestehen. Als Grenzfall kann man mit einem derartigen System eine dichte Hülle um die Kleidungsstücke erzielen, sodass ausschleudern sogar in Gegenwart von Wasser in der Waschmaschine möglich ist.The impermeable film surrounding the absorbent sheet preferably has a fastening system which makes it possible to keep it closed over the articles of clothing; such a system can consist of snap fasteners, a zipper, a Velcro strip, hooks or the like. As a limit case, such a system can be used to achieve a tight cover around the items of clothing, so that spinning is possible even in the presence of water in the washing machine.

Nach einer weiteren Variante bildet die den saugfähigen Bogen übergreifende Folie einen Sack, welcher diesen und die Kleidungsstücke umhüllt.According to a further variant, the film overlapping the absorbent sheet forms a sack which envelops it and the items of clothing.

Nach einer anderen Variante weist der saugfähige Bogen in Sackform Zwickel auf, die es gestatten, sein Fassungsvermögen zu erhöhen.According to another variant, the absorbent sheet in the form of a bag has gussets which make it possible to increase its capacity.

Der Zweck des saugfähigen Bogens besteht darin, das Reinigungsmittel nach Ausziehen des Schmutzes aus den Kleidungsstücken zu sammeln.The purpose of the absorbent sheet is to collect the detergent after removing the dirt from the clothes.

Das Abschleudern dient dazu, das Reinigungsmittel so vollständig wie möglich in die saugfähige Schicht wandern zu lassen. Dieser Vorgang stellt den Gegenstand der Stufe E dar, nachdem die Kleidungsstücke mit dem saugfähigen Bogen in der umschliessenden undurchlässigen Folie flach auf die innere Kreisfläche der Trommel einer Waschmaschine aufgelegt wurden, wobei das Kleidungsstück dem Inneren der Trommel und der saugfähige Bogen der durchlöcherten Wand der Trommel zugekehrt sind.The purpose of centrifuging is to allow the cleaning agent to migrate as completely as possible into the absorbent layer. This process is the subject of stage E after the articles of clothing with the absorbent sheet in the surrounding impermeable film have been placed flat on the inner circular surface of the drum of a washing machine, the article of clothing on the inside of the drum and the absorbent sheet on the perforated wall of the drum are turned.

Besitzt die Waschmaschine eine Programmierung, so stellt man den Programmschalter auf Schleudern. Ein Schleudergang kann ausreichen, doch ist es im allgemeinen vorzuziehen, zwei Gänge vorzunehmen.If the washing machine has programming, set the program switch to Fling. One spin may be sufficient, but it is generally preferable to do two.

Das Kleidungsstück und der saugfähige Bogen als Ganzes lassen sich entweder durch die Eigensteifigkeit des saugfähigen Bogens und der undurchlässigen Folie oder mittels eines Systems von Klammern, Verschlüssen, Schiebern oder Rippen oder irgend eines anderen geeigneten Systems gegen die Wand der Trommel halten.The garment and the absorbent sheet as a whole can be held against the wall of the drum either by the inherent stiffness of the absorbent sheet and the impervious film or by a system of clips, fasteners, sliders or ribs or any other suitable system.

Nach dem Ende des Abschleuderns wird das Ganze aus der Trommel entnommen und das Kleidungsstück von dem saugfähigen Bogen getrennt. Das Kleidungsstück kann in diesem Zustand benutzt werden, doch ist es im allgemeinen vorzuziehen, es fertig trocknen zu lassen. Weist die Waschmaschine eine Trockenvorrichtung auf, so kann man natürlich diese dazu verwenden, die Arbeit zu beendigen. Dabei ist es vorzuziehen, das Kleidungsstück nicht völlig mit einer undurchlässigen Folie zu bedecken.At the end of the spin cycle, the whole thing is removed from the drum and the garment is separated from the absorbent sheet. The garment can be used in this condition, but it is generally preferable to let it dry. If the washing machine has a drying device, you can of course use it to finish the job. It is preferable not to completely cover the garment with an impervious film.

Der Vorteil des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens wird durch die nachfolgenden Beispiele und Versuche erläutert, welche in keiner Weise eine Einschränkung darstellen. Falls nicht anders angegeben, sind Teile und Prozentangaben, Gewichtsteile und Gewichtsprozente, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des jeweiligen Reinigungsmittels.The advantage of the method according to the invention is illustrated by the following examples and experiments, which in no way constitute a restriction. Unless otherwise stated, parts and percentages, parts by weight and percentages by weight are based on the total weight of the respective cleaning agent.

(Siehe Tabellen, Seite 7 ff.)(See tables, page 7 ff.)

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003
Figure imgb0003
Figure imgb0004
Figure imgb0004

Versuch 1Trial 1

Man stellt eine Kombination aus einem Reinigungsmittel und einem saugfähigen Bogen in der unten angegebenen Zusammensetzung (Werte in Gewichtsprozenten) her:A combination of a cleaning agent and an absorbent sheet is produced in the composition given below (values in percentages by weight):

1. Reinigungsmittel1. Detergent

Figure imgb0005
Figure imgb0005

Das Reinigungsmittel gibt man in eine Flasche, die mit einer kleinen, die Zusammensetzung in zersprühter Form abgebenden handbetätigten Pumpe ausgerüstet ist ; ein als Reiblappen verwendbares Stück Filz (sogenannte Klavierhammerqualität) mit einem Durchmesser von 20 mm und einer Dicke von 8 mm wird auf den ihrer Oeffnung gegenüberliegenden Teil der Pumpe geklebt.The detergent is placed in a bottle equipped with a small hand-operated pump which dispenses the composition in sprayed form; a piece of felt (so-called piano hammer quality), which can be used as a friction rag, with a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 8 mm is glued to the part of the pump opposite its opening.

2. Saugfähiger Bogen2. Absorbent sheet

Der saugfähige Bogen besteht aus einer einzigen Schicht eines 70 g/m2 schweren hellblaufarbigen Vlieses von 25 cm Breite und einem Meter Länge.The absorbent sheet consists of a single layer of a 70 g / m 2 light blue colored fleece 25 cm wide and one meter long.

Der saugfähige Bogen ist auf einer Seite mit einer durch Heissbeschichtung darauf erhaltenen, 22 g/m2 schweren undurchlässigen Polyäthylenfolie bedeckt ; eine 0,05 mm dicke und 20 cm breite Polyäthylenfolie wird über die ganze Länge auf den Rand dieser undurchlässigen Folie aufgeschweisst.The absorbent sheet is covered on one side with a 22 g / m 2 impermeable polyethylene film obtained by hot coating; a 0.05 mm thick and 20 cm wide polyethylene film is welded over the entire length of the edge of this impermeable film.

Die so aufgebaute Kombination wird dazu verwendet, auf einem 25 - 35 cm grossen Stück reinem Schurwollegewebes Flecken zu reinigen, die etwa 1 cm2 gross sind und von folgenden Produkten stammen : gesüsstem Kaffee, verschmutztem Fett, schwarzer Schuhcreme, Maulbeerenkonfitüre, schwarzer Filzschreibetinte, Olivenöl, pikante Tomatensauce, Senf, Granatäpfelsirup, Essig und Rotwein. Man lässt diese Flecken einige Tage altern und wendet das Verfahren dann wie folgt an :The combination constructed in this way is used to clean stains on a 25 - 35 cm piece of pure new wool, which are about 1 cm 2 in size and come from the following products: sweetened coffee, soiled fat, black shoe polish, mulberry jam, black felt-tip ink, olive oil , spicy tomato sauce, mustard, pomegranate syrup, vinegar and red wine. Allow these spots to age for a few days and then apply the procedure as follows:

Die Flecken besprühen und den Reiblappen benutzen (wobei das Gewebe auf den saugfähigen Bogen gelegt ist, um die Entfernung des Fleckens zu erleichtern) ;

  • das ganze Gewebe allgemein besprühen ;
  • das Gewebe flach auf den saugfähigen Bogen (die nicht mit Polyäthylen beschichtete Seite) legen ;
  • das Gewebe mit der 0,05 mm Polyäthylenfolie bedecken ;
  • das Ganze gegen die Kreisfläche der Trommel einer Waschmaschine legen und mittels Hartpolyäthylenschiebern fixieren ;
  • zehn Minuten abschleudern ;
  • das Gewebe herausnehmen und 30 Minuten an der Luft trocknen.
Spray the stains and use the rubbing rag (with the fabric on top of the absorbent sheet to help remove the stain);
  • spray the entire fabric generally;
  • lay the fabric flat on the absorbent sheet (the side not coated with polyethylene);
  • cover the fabric with the 0.05 mm polyethylene film;
  • place the whole thing against the circular surface of the drum of a washing machine and fix it with hard polyethylene slides;
  • spin off for ten minutes;
  • remove the fabric and air dry for 30 minutes.

Danach ist es ersichtlich, dass sämtliche Flecken verschwunden sind, und ein Vergleich des so behandelten Gewebes mit einem identischen, unbefleckten und unbehandelten Gewebe lässt keinen Unterschied erkennen.Afterwards it can be seen that all the spots have disappeared, and a comparison of the tissue treated in this way with an identical, unstained and untreated tissue shows no difference.

Parallel dazu werden Flecken von identischen, auf die gleiche Weise befleckten Gewebestücken unter Verwendung von zehn verschiedenen handelsüblichen Produkten zur Fleckenentfernung im Haushalt und zehn Fleckenentfernungsprodukten für industrielle Zwecke entfernt. Die Behandlung wird durch Tränken in Perchloräthylen (1,1,2,2-Tetrachloräthylen) und anschliessendes Trocknen an der Luft zu Ende geführt.In parallel, stains are removed from identical pieces of tissue stained in the same manner using ten different commercial household stain removal products and ten industrial stain removal products. The treatment is completed by soaking in perchlorethylene (1,1,2,2-tetrachlorethylene) and then drying in air.

In allen Fällen findet man, dass die Qualität der erzielten Reinigung der nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren erhaltenen unterlegen ist. Um ein befriedigendes Ergebnis auf andere Weise als nach der erfindungsgemässen Methode zu erhalten, ist es erforderlich, sich eines speziellen industriellen Fleckenentferners für jeden Flecken zu bedienen.In all cases, it is found that the quality of the cleaning achieved is inferior to that obtained by the process according to the invention. In order to obtain a satisfactory result in a manner other than using the method according to the invention, it is necessary to use a special industrial stain remover for each stain.

Versuch 2Trial 2

Man verfährt wie im Versuch 1, unter Verwendung eines Wolle/Polyestergewebes aus « Tergal.»®, und man erhält die gleichen Ergebnisse.The procedure is as in Experiment 1, using a wool / polyester fabric from "Tergal." ®, and the same results are obtained.

Versuch 3Trial 3

Man verfährt wie im Versuch 1, unter Verwendung eines Naturseidegewebes, und man erhält die gleichen Ergebnisse.The procedure is as in experiment 1, using a natural silk fabric, and the same results are obtained.

Versuch 4Trial 4

Man verfährt wie im Versuch 1, unter Verwendung eines Acetatkunstseidegewebes, und man erhält die gleichen Ergebnisse.The procedure is the same as in experiment 1, using an artificial silk fabric, and the same results are obtained.

Versuch 5Trial 5

Man verfährt wie im Versuch 1, unter Verwendung eines Baumwollgewebes, und man erhält die gleichen Ergebnisse.The procedure is as in Experiment 1, using a cotton fabric, and the same results are obtained.

Versuch 6Trial 6

Man verfährt wie im Versuch 1, unter Verwendung eines Baumwolle/Polyestergewebes aus « Dacron »®, und man erhält die gleichen Ergebnisse.The procedure is as in Experiment 1, using a cotton / polyester fabric made from "Dacron" ®, and the same results are obtained.

Versuch 7Trial 7

Man verfährt wie im Versuch 1, wobei man nacheinander die folgenden Zusammensetzungen 7-A bis 7-F anwendet :

Figure imgb0006
The procedure is as in Experiment 1, the following compositions 7-A to 7-F being used in succession:
Figure imgb0006

In allen Fällen ist das erhaltene Ergebnis mit dem von Versuch 1 identisch.In all cases, the result obtained is identical to that of experiment 1.

Versuch 8Trial 8

Man verfährt wie im Versuch 1, wobei man in zwei getrennten Teilen nacheinander die als Fleckenentfernungszusammensetzungen (8-D) und Spülzusammensetzungen (8-R) wie folgt verwendet:

Figure imgb0007
The procedure is as in Experiment 1, using the stain-removing compositions (8-D) and rinsing compositions (8-R) in two separate parts in succession as follows:
Figure imgb0007

(Siehe Tabelle, Seite 14 f.)(See table, page 14 f.)

Figure imgb0008
Figure imgb0008

Die Fleckenentfernungszusammensetzungen gibt man jeweils in einen zylindrischen Behälter mit 28 mm Durchmesser, dessen Oeffnung mit einem Filzstück versehen ist, das mit der Zusammensetzung in Berührung kommt und als Reiblappen dient.The stain removing compositions are each placed in a 28 mm diameter cylindrical container, the opening of which is provided with a piece of felt which comes into contact with the composition and serves as a friction cloth.

Die Spülzusammensetzungen werden in eine Behälter gegeben, der mit einer kleinen handbetätigten Pumpe versehen ist, die es gestattet, die Zusammensetzung in versprühter Form abzugeben.The rinse compositions are placed in a container provided with a small hand-operated pump that allows the composition to be dispensed in a sprayed form.

Zunächst werden die Flecken punktweise mit einer Fleckenentfernungszusammensetzung und anschliessend das ganze Gewebe durch Besprühen mit einer Spülzusammensetzung behandelt. Zum Schluss verfährt man wie im Versuch 1. In allen Fällen erhält man die gleichen Ergebnisse wie im Versuch 1.First the spots are treated point by point with a stain removal composition and then the entire fabric is sprayed with a rinsing composition. In the end, the procedure is as in Experiment 1. In all cases, the same results are obtained as in Experiment 1.

Versuch 9Trial 9

Man stellt eine Kombination aus einem Reinigungsmittel und einem saugfähigen Bogen in der unten angegebenen Zusammensetzung (Werte in Gewichtsprozenten) her :A combination of a cleaning agent and an absorbent sheet is produced in the composition given below (values in percentages by weight):

1. Reinigungsmittel1. Detergent (Siehe Tabelle, Seite 15 f.)(See table, page 15 f.)

Figure imgb0009
Figure imgb0009

Die Fleckenentfernungszusammensetzung gibt man in einen zylindrischen Behälter mit 28 mm Durchmesser, dessen Oeffnung mit einem Filzstück versehen ist, das mit der Zusammensetzung in Berührung kommt und als Reiblappen dient.The stain removing composition is placed in a 28 mm diameter cylindrical container, the opening of which is provided with a piece of felt which comes into contact with the composition and serves as a friction rag.

Die Spülzsammensetzung wird in eine Aerosoldose gegeben.The flushing composition is placed in an aerosol can.

2. Saugfähiger Bogen2. Absorbent sheet

Der saugfähige Bogen besteht aus drei Lagen 20 g/m2 schwerem, gebleichtem Vlies und ist 25 cm breit und 120 cm lang, sodass er nach Bedarf zugeschnitten werden kann.The absorbent sheet consists of three layers of 20 g / m 2 heavy, bleached fleece and is 25 cm wide and 120 cm long so that it can be cut as required.

Der saugfähige Bogen weist eine leicht geprägte, weisse, undurchlässige, 25 g/m2 schwere und 25 cm breite Polyäthylenfolie auf, die über die ganze Länge auf eine Seite des saugfähigen Bogens aufgeschweisst ist.The absorbent sheet has a slightly embossed, white, impermeable, 25 g / m 2 heavy and 25 cm wide polyethylene film, which is welded over the entire length to one side of the absorbent sheet.

Die Vorrichtung umfasst eine zweite halbstarre, undurchlässige und 0,3 mm dicke Polyäthylenfolie.The device comprises a second semi-rigid, impermeable and 0.3 mm thick polyethylene film.

Diese zweite undurchlässige Folie hat eine Breite von 70 cm und eine Länge von 120 cm ; sie ist über ihre ganze Länge mit einem Zwickel auf beiden Seiten gefaltet, sodass sie eine 26 cm breite Hülle bildet, die den saugfähigen Bogen, die erste undurchlässige Folie und das Kleidungsstück enthalten soll ; die so gebildete Hülle kann mittels eines Klettenverschluss-Systems verschlossen werden.This second impermeable film has a width of 70 cm and a length of 120 cm; it is folded over its entire length with a gusset on both sides, so that it forms a 26 cm wide envelope which is to contain the absorbent sheet, the first impermeable film and the garment; the envelope thus formed can be closed by means of a Velcro fastener system.

So aufgebaute Kombinationen werden mit Gebrauchsanweisungen an Hausfrauen verteilt. Nach zwölf Tagen werden Erhebungen darüber angestellt, wieweit von diesen Gebrauch gemacht wurde und wie die Hausfrau die erzielten Ergebnisse im Vergleich mit den im allgemeinen erhaltenen Ergebnissen, wenn sie ihre Kleider einer gewerblichen Reinigungsanstalt anvertraut, beurteilt.

Figure imgb0010
Combinations constructed in this way are distributed to housewives with instructions for use. After twelve days, surveys are made of the extent to which these have been used and how the housewife assesses the results obtained in comparison with the generally obtained results when she entrusts her clothes to a commercial cleaning company.
Figure imgb0010

Claims (8)

1. Process for the cleaning of textile material by the treatment thereof with a cleansing agent containing at least one organic solvent, characterised in that
(A) textile material impregnated with the cleansing agent is brought into contact with an absorbent sheet ;
(B) the side of the absorbent sheet which has not been brought into contact with the textile material is covered with an impermeable foil (film) ;
(C) a closed system is formed by the impermeable foil, which encloses the absorbent sheet and the textile material ;
(D) the closed system is laid flat onto the inner cylindrical surface of the drum of a washing machine, the absorbent sheet, seen radially in the drum, being on the outside ;
(E) the cleansing agent is centrifuged, by rotation of the washing-machine drum, into the absorbent sheet ; and
(F) the cleaned textile material is removed from the closed system.
2. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that there is used in the treatment stage (A) a cleansing agent (detergent) which contains at least one solvent selected from the group comprising : alcoholic and ketonic solvents, ethers, chlorinated solvents and hydrocarbons.
3. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the cleansing agent contains water.
4. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the cleansing agent contains a surface-active agent selected from the group comprising : anionic compounds, cationic compounds, amphoteric compounds and nonionic compounds.
5. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the cleansing agent contains an auxiliary solvent selected from the group comprising : chlorofluorinated methane or ethane derivatives which are liquid at room temperature.
6. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the absorbent sheet is selected from the group comprising : paper, cotton fabrics, vegetable-fibre fleeces, felts and cellulose wadding, the absorbent sheet being able to consist of one or more layers and to contain a pulverulent absorbent substance.
7. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the closed system is held against the wall of the drum of the washing machine by a rigid device.
8. Use of an absorbent sheet and of a foil (film) impervious to liquid cleansing agents and enclosing the absorbent sheet for carrying out the process according to Claim 1.
EP81810046A 1980-02-22 1981-02-16 Process for the cleaning of textil material Expired EP0036833B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81810046T ATE7054T1 (en) 1980-02-22 1981-02-16 METHOD OF CLEANING TEXTILE MATERIAL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU82193 1980-02-22
LU82193 1980-02-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0036833A1 EP0036833A1 (en) 1981-09-30
EP0036833B1 true EP0036833B1 (en) 1984-04-11

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EP81810046A Expired EP0036833B1 (en) 1980-02-22 1981-02-16 Process for the cleaning of textil material

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US (1) US4336024A (en)
EP (1) EP0036833B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE7054T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3163034D1 (en)
PT (1) PT72541B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT72541A (en) 1981-03-01
US4336024A (en) 1982-06-22
DE3163034D1 (en) 1984-05-17
EP0036833A1 (en) 1981-09-30
ATE7054T1 (en) 1984-04-15
PT72541B (en) 1982-02-10

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