EP0043122B1 - Method of washing laundry, and washing machine with drum for performing the method - Google Patents

Method of washing laundry, and washing machine with drum for performing the method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0043122B1
EP0043122B1 EP81104971A EP81104971A EP0043122B1 EP 0043122 B1 EP0043122 B1 EP 0043122B1 EP 81104971 A EP81104971 A EP 81104971A EP 81104971 A EP81104971 A EP 81104971A EP 0043122 B1 EP0043122 B1 EP 0043122B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drum
liquid
washing
washing machine
rinsing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81104971A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0043122A1 (en
Inventor
Hans F. Arendt
Ernst H. Dipl.-Ing. Hoffmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hoesch AG
Original Assignee
Hoesch Werke AG
Hoesch AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19803024571 external-priority patent/DE3024571A1/en
Priority claimed from DE19803042198 external-priority patent/DE3042198A1/en
Application filed by Hoesch Werke AG, Hoesch AG filed Critical Hoesch Werke AG
Priority to AT81104971T priority Critical patent/ATE5980T1/en
Publication of EP0043122A1 publication Critical patent/EP0043122A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0043122B1 publication Critical patent/EP0043122B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F35/00—Washing machines, apparatus, or methods not otherwise provided for
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F23/00—Washing machines with receptacles, e.g. perforated, having a rotary movement, e.g. oscillatory movement, the receptacle serving both for washing and for centrifugally separating water from the laundry 
    • D06F23/02—Washing machines with receptacles, e.g. perforated, having a rotary movement, e.g. oscillatory movement, the receptacle serving both for washing and for centrifugally separating water from the laundry  and rotating or oscillating about a horizontal axis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for washing textiles in a drum washing machine with a horizontally mounted drum, in which the drum is driven at a rotational speed during the washing and rinsing cycles, in which a centrifugal acceleration on the drum shell between 0.4 and 0.95 g occurs, so that the textiles are repeatedly raised and fall in a trajectory onto the lower part of the drum, and in which the drum is driven at spin speed between the wash and rinse cycles and after the last rinse cycle and in which the washing or the rinsing liquid is introduced into the tub and is brought to the textiles by immersing the drum in the liquid or by at least one nozzle spraying continuously or at intervals into the drum.
  • washing takes place at a liquid level in the drum of 22 to 30% of the drum diameter, with water and detergent being entered separately.
  • the wash cycle is followed by several rinse cycles followed by a spin cycle.
  • a soaking period can also be provided. The transition from a rinse cycle to a spin cycle takes place with a gradual increase in speed, as unbalanced as possible.
  • the process has the disadvantage that, due to the initially uneven concentration of the wash liquor, the textiles at least partially initially absorb only almost pure water, which as a rule is not even removed from the fabric meshes and the gaps between the individual fibers when spinning. In order to enrich this water with a sufficient amount of detergent in the area in which the dirt has accumulated, the use of a considerable amount of kinetic energy is required. The same problems arise when discharging the used washing liquid. Significant amounts of water are also required to leach the laundry.
  • the object of the invention is to demonstrate a washing process in which a washing liquid of the required concentration is reliably introduced into the fabric mesh and discharged to a greater extent than before, the water requirement being reduced substantially, and the creation of a drum washing machine for carrying out the method.
  • this object is achieved by a method for washing textiles in a drum washing machine with a horizontally mounted drum, in which the drum is driven at a rotational speed during the washing and rinsing cycles, in that on the drum shell.
  • a centrifugal acceleration between 0.4 and 0.95 g occurs, so that the textiles are repeatedly raised and fall in a trajectory on the lower part of the drum and are spun between the washing and rinsing cycles and after the last rinsing cycle, solved by the fact that When loading the machine, the drum rotates at a rotational speed at which a centrifugal acceleration of 0.2 to 0.6 g occurs on the drum jacket, and washing liquid is continuously supplied as a prepared washing liquor until all textiles are wetted with a washing liquid amount of between 45 and 100% of the maximum amount that the textiles can soak up, that after the wash cycle the drum is driven at such a high spin speed until after a first amount of washing liquid has been spun off and an outflow pause has occurred, a second amount of liquid is spun.
  • the washing and rinsing liquid is introduced in such a way that the textile material currently lying at the bottom of the drum is immersed by less than 30% on average.
  • Washing and rinsing liquid can, however, also be supplied through at least one nozzle spraying continuously or at intervals into the drum, with at most as much being injected as is essentially sucked up by the textiles.
  • a good washing result can also be achieved by spinning the drum until approximately 85% of the liquid absorbed by the textiles, minus the swelling liquid absorbed into the fibers, is spun off.
  • the drum be driven for less than 3 minutes when loading the machine, for a maximum of 6 minutes for washing and for a maximum of 4 minutes for each rinse cycle.
  • the washing liquid can be a saturated detergent solution.
  • Washing and rinsing liquids with the highest temperature which is compatible with the type of textile concerned are preferably used.
  • the textiles are pressed away from the drum jacket by a water flow directed from the outside through the holes in the drum.
  • the textiles are initially supplied with 70 to 80% of the liquid and the rest after a break of at least 20 s.
  • the drum washing machine for performing the method with a drum arranged in a housing and drivable at different speeds, a control device for the washing and rinsing liquid inlet and a device for gradually increasing the speed of the drum during the transition from the washing cycle to the spinning cycle is characterized in that the Control device for the liquid inlet is designed so that the laundry is moistened to only about 45 to 100% of its absorbent capacity.
  • the control device for the liquid inlet can consist of a lower inlet and a bath level monitor, which is arranged at such a height that after sucking up the liquid entering the drum, the level of which affects the drum base during the washing and rinsing cycles, so that the The amount of liquid dispensed continuously is approximately the same as the amount of feed entering the drum.
  • the regulating device for the liquid inlet can also consist of at least one spray nozzle directed into the drum and a measuring device controlling the spray nozzle for the amount of liquid running off the laundry.
  • a flow indicator is arranged in the drain line of the washing machine, which is coupled to a program circuit in such a way that in the spin cycle after the liquid spun off at the beginning, the increase in the spin speed is continued until the liquid is dispensed again.
  • the drum is preferably designed as a drum without ribs.
  • the drum drive is not designed to be reversible.
  • the drum is preferably designed as a through-loading drum with a loading and discharge opening on the opposite ends of the drum.
  • the loading opening is preferably designed as a tube which widens conically to the drum and forms a hollow shaft for a one-sided drum bearing.
  • washing machine has a space between the drum and the housing that narrows in the direction of drum rotation.
  • This constriction can be formed by an eccentric arrangement of the drum in a cylindrical housing, the maximum of the constriction preferably lying behind the highest point of the drum in the direction of rotation of the drum.
  • a water inlet can be provided in the area of the entrance of the narrowing space.
  • the washing machine is provided with an unbalance monitor, which is connected to a motor switch.
  • the string surfaces of the drum can be connected by a cylindrical middle part, the width of which preferably corresponds to approximately 1 ⁇ 4 of the curvature height of the end faces. Only the cylindrical middle part can have perforations.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the knowledge that the difficulties in mixing liquids of different specific weights increase significantly under the influence of capillary effects and necessitate the use of considerable amounts of kinetic energy.
  • An optimal washing process of the type according to the invention is therefore obtained if a concentrated or even saturated washing liquor is prepared and this is applied to the textiles in an amount which is between 45 and 100% of their absorbent capacity. Very good washing results were achieved at only 60% and these results cannot be improved by a higher hydration.
  • the size of this possible amount of liquid to be absorbed fluctuates greatly with the individual types of textile and can be easily determined by experiments. The process is not disturbed if different types of textile are mixed in the laundry and the mixing ratio fluctuates, because in any case a value between 45 and 100% is still obtained when a medium value is sought. There are two ways of doing this.
  • washing liquid can be introduced into the tub that a low liquid level is maintained in the drum, which is then continuously absorbed by the textiles that are then entered individually until the desired degree of wetting is reached. To even out the degree of wetting, the laundry has to be moved in the drum at the same time, but not so much that part of the absorbed liquid flows off again.
  • a drum speed at which centrifugal acceleration of 0.2 to 0.6 g occurs on the drum jacket has proven to be advantageous.
  • the liquid level in the drum should be so high that the pieces currently in the bottom of the drum are immersed by less than 30% on average and the loading process should not take longer than 3 minutes.
  • washing liquid can also be sprayed onto the entire dry batch in the drum through at least one nozzle spraying continuously or at intervals into the drum, the drum again having to be moved and continuously injected at most as much as is essentially sucked up by the textiles becomes. Any outflowing amounts of liquid must be returned to the textiles so that the required degree of wetting is achieved.
  • the amount of detergent required for cleaning must therefore be contained in the part of the washing liquid absorbed by the textiles. It therefore consists of a concentrated or even saturated detergent solution.
  • the loading of the drum is followed by a conventional washing cycle with a rotation speed of the drum, in which a centrifugal acceleration between 0.4 and 0.95 g occurs on the drum shell. If not already done during loading, the wetting of the textiles is evened out, the dirt is loosened and the washing liquid is moved in the capillaries.
  • the wash cycle should not take longer than 6 minutes to limit the swelling of the fibers.
  • the highest temperature which is compatible with the type of textile in question should be used, to maintain which, in view of the low or no washing liquid, reheating e.g. by blowing hot steam.
  • the spin speed depends on the material. It is easy to see that for heavy cotton goods it has to be significantly higher than e.g. for loose polyester goods. It also depends on the liquid temperature and its detergent content. It can be assumed that a sufficient degree of dewatering is achieved when approx. 85% of the amount of liquid absorbed by the textiles, minus the swelling liquid sucked into the fibers, has been spun off. During the final spin, this amount can also be 90% and more. In practice, however, a great deal of experience is required to determine the degree of drainage by eye. Corresponding measurements are cumbersome and time-consuming.
  • the subsequent rinse cycles are carried out in the same way as the washing cycle, with the same procedure as for loading the drum when entering the rinse water, but of course the laundry remains in the drum.
  • the water should be at about the same temperature as the washing liquid.
  • a rinse cycle should not exceed about 4 minutes.
  • the 1 consists of a housing 11, the lower part of which serves as a container pan 12 for water or washing liquid.
  • a rotatable drum 13 perforated on the outer surface.
  • This drum has a conical hollow shaft 14 on one side, which has its smallest diameter on the outside of the machine.
  • Bearings 15 are arranged between the hollow shaft 14 and the housing, in which the drum 13 is supported on one side.
  • the hollow shaft 14 and thus also the drum 13 is driven by the drive motor 18 via the pulley 16 and the drive belt 17.
  • the motor 18 is fixedly connected to the housing 11 of the washing machine via a drive console 19.
  • the entire washing machine can be tilted somewhat about pivot point 20.
  • the tilting movement is carried out by the drive 21, which e.g. can be hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical.
  • Water is supplied to the tank pan 12 of the housing 11 through the inlet 22.
  • the liquid level is adjusted precisely to the desired level 26 by the solenoid valve 23 connected to the bath height monitor 24.
  • the wash liquor is similarly introduced into the container trough 12 of the housing 11 through a line (not shown).
  • rinsing water and washing liquid flow out via the drain valve 25.
  • the items of laundry 28 are conveyed into the drum 13 fully automatically and individually via the transport device 29 and the chute 27.
  • the slide can be pivoted with the aid of the drive 43 in the joint 44 to the loading opening 40.
  • the washing machine has a program circuit 34 which is connected in a suitable manner to the control and regulating elements of the washing machine. Furthermore, a device for gradually increasing the rotational speed of the drum 13 during the transition from the wash cycle to the spin cycle, e.g. a series resistor 36 is provided in the circuit of the motor 18. A chute 45 and a removal device, e.g. a belt conveyor 33 is arranged.
  • a flow indicator 49 is arranged in the drain line 35 of the drum 13 and gives a signal to the program circuit 34 when a liquid discharge occurs.
  • the washing machine can also have a heating unit with heating tubes 42 and an unbalance monitor 47.
  • the drum 13 is arranged eccentrically in the housing 11.
  • the housing axis 46 is offset parallel to the axis of rotation 41 of the drum 13, so that the space between the drum 13 and the housing 11 has a constriction in its upper region, the maximum 39 of which lies behind the highest drum point in the direction of rotation 37 of the drum.
  • a water inlet 38 is provided, which preferably opens tangentially into the intermediate space.
  • the washing machine according to FIG. 3 differs in that the liquid inlet is designed as a spray nozzle 52 and is arranged in the cover 32 and that in the discharge line 35 there is also a measuring device 48 in addition to a flow indicator for the amount of liquid flowing out of the laundry, which is associated with the flow indicator combined or can be a special embodiment of the flow indicator 49.
  • the end faces of this drum 13 have the shape of the surface of rotation of a chain line about the axis 41. Between the end faces there is a cylindrical middle part 50 which has only perforations.
  • a design has proven to be advantageous in which the height of the curvature of the end faces corresponds to approximately% of the diameter of the drum and the width of the cylindrical middle part corresponds to approximately 1 ⁇ 4 of the curvature height of the end faces.
  • the washing machine is intended for use in a new washing process in which the amount of bound liquid is less than the laundry can maximally absorb.
  • the washing liquid has to be introduced into the sufficient area close to the fiber and the mesh.
  • a larger than the required amount of liquid will be introduced simply because part of the water is absorbed by the fiber as spring water and does not take part in the further process.
  • the bath height monitor 24 is arranged at a height such that there is only a corresponding amount of liquid to be continuously taken up by the laundry in the drum.
  • the laundry is entered individually with the drum in motion, the drum being moved at a speed at which a centrifugal acceleration of about 0.3 to 0.8 g occurs on the drum shell.
  • a liquid level is set in the housing, which roughly affects the drum base, so that the amount of liquid slightly released by the laundry when it falls onto the drum wall corresponds to the amount of liquid entering the drum is equal to.
  • the liquid level touches the drum over a surface because part of the liquid is entrained by the drum movement on the drum jacket.
  • the laundry is wetted by a spray nozzle 52 directed into the drum, whereby it should be noted that in the case of a small batch of laundry, the laundry may not absorb the entire measured amount of liquid, but rather this into the tub 12 drains off. Since work is to be carried out here without free liquid, the liquid input must be throttled or the amount expired measured and a corresponding additional amount entered via the spray nozzle 52. This is done by the measuring device 48, which controls the spray nozzle 52 via the program circuit 34 and the valve 23.
  • the achievement of the required spin speed can be recognized by the fact that after the amount of liquid emerging at the beginning of the spin process has elapsed, the liquid flow stops and only starts to surge again at a higher speed. A further increase in the spin speed is then not necessary.
  • This time can e.g. can be recognized with the aid of the flow indicator 49, which can either be installed next to the measuring device 48 in the drain line 35 or can be combined with the measuring device 48 to form a combined device.
  • the flow indicator 49 may be a flap installed in the discharge line 35, which is preferably smaller than the clear cross section of the line and which has a floating body at its free end. In its rest position, e.g. held by a spring force that must be overcome to pivot them up or down from this position. If a quantity of liquid accumulates in the part of the drain line located above the valve 25, the flap is raised. Flowing liquid pushes them down. Corresponding signals can be derived from the movements and fed to the program circuit 34.
  • a simple detachment of the laundry from the drum wall is achieved if the space between the drum 13 and the housing 11 is formed such that it preferably narrows in the direction of rotation in the upper part of the housing. This can be achieved by appropriate internals or by eccentric suspension of the drum, the narrowest point 39 of the space in the direction of rotation behind the highest drum point.
  • a water inlet 38 can be provided, which preferably opens tangentially into the space in the direction of the constriction.
  • the arrangement should be made in such a way that the amount of water that is run in is as little as possible greater than the amount required for the rinse cycle, which is analogous to the wash cycle. Since the amount of water required for the rinse cycle is not greater than the amount of liquid required for the wash cycle because of the spring water still present and the residual liquid from the previous wash cycle, there is no need to change the liquid level or the rinse water volume to be entered, only that through the water inlet 38 amount of water entered must be taken into account.
  • a particularly precise application of the laundry is achieved if the drum has the shape of the rotating body of a chain line around the drum axis. This can be done across the drum axis-extending plane of symmetry, a cylindrical middle part to which the curved end faces of the drum are connected.
  • the chain line is the envelope of two mutually touching circles with a radius ratio of 1: 2 and the width of the cylindrical middle part corresponds to approximately half the radius of the small circle (Fig. 4).
  • Perforations 51 are preferably only provided in the cylindrical middle part 50, in any case only in the area of the largest drum diameter. Surprisingly, optimal utilization of the kinetic energy in the wash and rinse cycles and particularly uniform application of the laundry to the drum wall are achieved.
  • the program circuit 34 of the washing machine must be designed in accordance with the course of the method and, in particular, provide a spin cycle directly after the wash cycle.
  • a limitation to a single wash cycle and the use of a minimum of washing and rinsing liquid is not a necessarily necessary feature of the invention.
  • the invention can also be used advantageously for washing operations in the finishing and bleaching and dyeing of textiles, where treatment of already swollen materials is necessary.
  • the method can also be used in an analogous manner in chemical cleaning with appropriate cleaning liquids.
  • leather, skins, yarns and the like can also be treated accordingly.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Waschen von Textilien in einer Trommelwaschmaschine mit waagerecht gelagerter Trommel, bei dem die Trommel während der Wasch- und Spülgänge mit einer Drehgeschwindigkeit angetrieben wird, bei der am Trommelmantel eine Zentrifugalbeschleunigung zwischen 0,4 und 0,95 g auftritt, so dass die Textilien wiederholt angehoben werden und in einer Flugbahn auf den unteren Teil der Trommel herabfallen, und bei dem die Trommel zwischen den Wasch- und Spülgängen sowie nach dem letzten Spülgang mit Schleudergeschwindigkeit angetrieben wird und bei dem die Wasch- bzw. die Spülflüssigkeit in den Laugenbehälter eingeführt und durch Eintauchen der Trommel in die Flüssigkeit oder durch mindestens eine in die Trommel kontinuierlich oder in Intervallen spritzende Düse an die Textilien gebracht wird.The invention relates to a method and a device for washing textiles in a drum washing machine with a horizontally mounted drum, in which the drum is driven at a rotational speed during the washing and rinsing cycles, in which a centrifugal acceleration on the drum shell between 0.4 and 0.95 g occurs, so that the textiles are repeatedly raised and fall in a trajectory onto the lower part of the drum, and in which the drum is driven at spin speed between the wash and rinse cycles and after the last rinse cycle and in which the washing or the rinsing liquid is introduced into the tub and is brought to the textiles by immersing the drum in the liquid or by at least one nozzle spraying continuously or at intervals into the drum.

Ein solches Verfahren ist beispielsweise aus der DE-C Nr. 867235 bekannt. Das Waschen erfolgt hierbei bei einem Flüssigkeitsstand in der Trommel von 22 bis 30% des Trommeldurchmessers, wobei Wasser und Waschmittel getrennt eingegeben werden. An den Waschgang schliessen sich mehrere Spülgänge mit nachfolgendem Schleudergang an. Es kann auch eine Einweichperiode vorgesehen sein. Der Übergang von einem Spülgang auf Schleudergang erfolgt mit einer allmählichen Drehzahlerhöhung möglichst unwuchtfrei.Such a method is known for example from DE-C No. 867235. Washing takes place at a liquid level in the drum of 22 to 30% of the drum diameter, with water and detergent being entered separately. The wash cycle is followed by several rinse cycles followed by a spin cycle. A soaking period can also be provided. The transition from a rinse cycle to a spin cycle takes place with a gradual increase in speed, as unbalanced as possible.

Das Verfahren hat den Nachteil, dass aufgrund der zu Anfang ungleichmässigen Konzentration der Waschflotte die Textilien mindestens teilweise zunächstnur nahezu reines Wasser aufsaugen, das aus den Gewebemaschen und den zwischen den einzelnen Fasern befindlichen Spalten in der Regel nicht einmal beim Schleudern entfernt wird. Zur Anreicherung dieses Wassers mit einer ausreichenden Menge an Waschmitteln in dem Bereich, in dem sich der Schmutz angesetzt hat, ist der Einsatz einer erheblichen Menge kinetischer Energie erforderlich. Beim Austragen der verbrauchten Waschflüssigkeit ergeben sich die gleichen Probleme. Zum Auslaugen der Wäsche sind ausserdem erhebliche Wassermengen erforderlich.The process has the disadvantage that, due to the initially uneven concentration of the wash liquor, the textiles at least partially initially absorb only almost pure water, which as a rule is not even removed from the fabric meshes and the gaps between the individual fibers when spinning. In order to enrich this water with a sufficient amount of detergent in the area in which the dirt has accumulated, the use of a considerable amount of kinetic energy is required. The same problems arise when discharging the used washing liquid. Significant amounts of water are also required to leach the laundry.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist, ein Waschverfahren aufzuzeigen, bei dem eine Waschflüssigkeit der erforderlichen Konzentration mit Sicherheit in die Gewebemaschen eingebracht und zu einem grösseren Teil als bisher wieder ausgetragen wird, wobei der Wasserbedarf wesentlich gesenkt wird, sowie die Schaffung einer Trommelwaschmaschine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The object of the invention is to demonstrate a washing process in which a washing liquid of the required concentration is reliably introduced into the fabric mesh and discharged to a greater extent than before, the water requirement being reduced substantially, and the creation of a drum washing machine for carrying out the method.

Erfindungsgemäss wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zum Waschen von Textilien in einer Trommelwaschmaschine mit waagerecht gelagerter Trommel, bei der die Trommel während der Wasch- und Spülgänge mit einer Drehgeschwindigkeitangetrieben wird, bei der am Trommelmantel. eine Zentrifugalbeschleunigung zwischen 0,4 und 0,95 g auftritt, so dass die Textilien wiederholt angehoben werden und in einer Flugbahn auf den unteren Teil der Trommel herabfallen und zwischen den Wasch- und Spülgängen sowie nach dem letzten Spülgang geschleudert werden, dadurch gelöst, dass beim Beschicken der Maschine die Trommel mit einer Drehgeschwindigkeit umläuft, bei der am Trommelmantel eine Zentrifugalbeschleunigung von 0,2 bis 0,6 g auftritt, und laufend Waschflüssigkeit als vorbereitete Waschlauge zugeführt wird, bis alle Textilien mit einer Waschflüssigkeitsmenge benetzt sind, die zwischen 45 und 100% der Menge beträgt, die die Textilien maximal aufsaugen können, dass anschliessend an den Waschgang die Trommel bei einer so hohen Schleudergeschwindigkeit so lange angetrieben wird, bis nach Abschleudern einer ersten Menge Waschflüssigkeit und einer eintretenden Abflusspause, erneut eine zweite Flüssigkeitsmenge abgeschleudert ist, dass beim anschliessenden Spülgang Wasser in gleicher Weise wie die Waschflüssigkeit für das Waschen zugeführt wird und die Trommel mit der gleichen Drehzahl wie beim Waschen angetrieben wird, dass vor jedem gegebenenfalls anschliessenden weiteren Spülgang in gleicher Weise wie nach dem Waschen geschleudert wird.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method for washing textiles in a drum washing machine with a horizontally mounted drum, in which the drum is driven at a rotational speed during the washing and rinsing cycles, in that on the drum shell. a centrifugal acceleration between 0.4 and 0.95 g occurs, so that the textiles are repeatedly raised and fall in a trajectory on the lower part of the drum and are spun between the washing and rinsing cycles and after the last rinsing cycle, solved by the fact that When loading the machine, the drum rotates at a rotational speed at which a centrifugal acceleration of 0.2 to 0.6 g occurs on the drum jacket, and washing liquid is continuously supplied as a prepared washing liquor until all textiles are wetted with a washing liquid amount of between 45 and 100% of the maximum amount that the textiles can soak up, that after the wash cycle the drum is driven at such a high spin speed until after a first amount of washing liquid has been spun off and an outflow pause has occurred, a second amount of liquid is spun off again in the subsequent rinse cycle water i n the same way as the washing liquid for the washing is supplied and the drum is driven at the same speed as for washing, that before each subsequent subsequent rinse cycle is spun in the same way as after washing.

Nach der bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird Wasch- und Spülflüssigkeit so eingegeben, dass das jeweils im Augenblick unten in der Trommel liegende Textilgut durchschnittlich weniger als zu 30% eintaucht.According to the preferred embodiment of the method, the washing and rinsing liquid is introduced in such a way that the textile material currently lying at the bottom of the drum is immersed by less than 30% on average.

Wasch- und Spülflüssigkeit kann aber auch durch mindestens eine in die Trommel kontinuierlich oder in Intervallen spritzende Düse zugeführt werden, wobei laufend höchstens soviel eingespritzt wird, wie im wesentlichen durch die Textilien aufgesaugt wird.Washing and rinsing liquid can, however, also be supplied through at least one nozzle spraying continuously or at intervals into the drum, with at most as much being injected as is essentially sucked up by the textiles.

Ein gutes Waschergebnis kann auch dadurch erzielt werden, dass die Trommel beim Schleudern so lange angetrieben wird, bis ca. 85% der von den Textilien aufgenommenen Flüssigkeit, abzüglich der in die Fasern aufgesaugten Quellflüssigkeit, abgeschleudert ist. Hierbei kann nach dem letzten Spülgang so geschleudert werden, dass mindestens 90% des im letzten Spülgang aufgenommenen Wassers, abzüglich des Quellwassers, entfernt wird.A good washing result can also be achieved by spinning the drum until approximately 85% of the liquid absorbed by the textiles, minus the swelling liquid absorbed into the fibers, is spun off. Here you can spin after the last rinse cycle so that at least 90% of the water absorbed in the last rinse cycle, minus the spring water, is removed.

Zur Begrenzung der Aufnahme von Quellflüssigkeit wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Trommel beim Beschicken der Maschine weniger als 3 min, beim Waschen höchstens 6 min und bei jedem Spülgang höchstens 4 min angetrieben wird.To limit the absorption of swelling liquid, it is proposed that the drum be driven for less than 3 minutes when loading the machine, for a maximum of 6 minutes for washing and for a maximum of 4 minutes for each rinse cycle.

Ferner wird vorgeschlagen, dass in der den Textilien zugeführten Waschflüssigkeit das Waschmittel mindestens zu 95% gelöst ist und die Konzentrationsunterschiede in der Waschflüssigkeit weniger als 10% betragen. Hierbei kann die Waschflüssigkeit eine gesättigte Waschmittellösung sein.It is also proposed that at least 95% of the detergent be dissolved in the washing liquid supplied to the textiles and that the concentration differences in the washing liquid be less than 10%. The washing liquid can be a saturated detergent solution.

Vorzugsweise werden Wasch- und Spülflüssigkeit mit der höchsten, für die betreffende Textilienart verträglichen Temperatur eingesetzt.Washing and rinsing liquids with the highest temperature which is compatible with the type of textile concerned are preferably used.

Ausserdem kann die Temperatur der Flüssigkeit in der Trommel durch Zuführung von Wärmeenergie aufrechterhalten werden.It can also change the temperature of the liquid can be maintained in the drum by supplying thermal energy.

Nach einem weiteren Vorschlag der Erfindung werden die Textilien nach dem Schleudern, unter Ausnahme des letzten Trockenschleuderns, durch einen von aussen durch die Löcher der Trommel in diese gerichteten Wasserstrom vom Trommelmantel weggedrückt.According to a further proposal of the invention, after the spinning, with the exception of the last dry spinning, the textiles are pressed away from the drum jacket by a water flow directed from the outside through the holes in the drum.

Vorzugsweise wird den Textilien zunächst 70 bis 80% der Flüssigkeit und die restliche nach einer Pause von mindestens 20 s zugeführt.Preferably, the textiles are initially supplied with 70 to 80% of the liquid and the rest after a break of at least 20 s.

Die Trommelwaschmaschine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, mit in einem Gehäuse angeordneter, mit unterschiedlichen Umlaufgeschwindigkeiten antreibbarer Trommel, einer Regelvorrichtung für den Wasch- und Spülflüssigkeitseinlauf und einer Vorrichtung zur allmählichen Steigerung der Umlaufgeschwindigkeit der Trommel beim Übergang vom Waschgang auf den Schleudergang ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regelvorrichtung für den Flüssigkeitseinlauf so ausgelegt ist, dass die Wäsche zu nur etwa 45 bis 100% ihres Aufsaugvermögens befeuchtet wird.The drum washing machine for performing the method, with a drum arranged in a housing and drivable at different speeds, a control device for the washing and rinsing liquid inlet and a device for gradually increasing the speed of the drum during the transition from the washing cycle to the spinning cycle is characterized in that the Control device for the liquid inlet is designed so that the laundry is moistened to only about 45 to 100% of its absorbent capacity.

Die Regelvorrichtung für den Flüssigkeitseinlauf kann aus einem unteren Zulauf und einem Badhöhenwächter bestehen, der in einer solchen Höhe angeordnet ist, dass nach Aufsaugen der in die Trommel gelangenden Flüssigkeit, deren Spiegel während der Wasch- und Spülgänge den Trommelboden tangiert, so dass die von der Wäsche laufend abgegebene Flüssigkeitsmenge der in die Trommel gelangenden Zulaufmenge etwa gleich ist.The control device for the liquid inlet can consist of a lower inlet and a bath level monitor, which is arranged at such a height that after sucking up the liquid entering the drum, the level of which affects the drum base during the washing and rinsing cycles, so that the The amount of liquid dispensed continuously is approximately the same as the amount of feed entering the drum.

Die Regelvorrichtung für den Flüssigkeitseinlauf kann aber auch aus mindestens einer in die Trommel gerichteten Sprühdüse bestehen sowie einer die Sprühdüse steuernden Messvorrichtung für die von der Wäsche ablaufende Flüssigkeitsmenge.However, the regulating device for the liquid inlet can also consist of at least one spray nozzle directed into the drum and a measuring device controlling the spray nozzle for the amount of liquid running off the laundry.

Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung ist in der Abflussleitung der Waschmaschine ein Durchflussanzeiger angeordnet, der mit einer Programmschaltung derart gekoppelt ist, dass beim Schleudergang nach Abfluss der zu Beginn abgeschleuderten Flüssigkeit die Erhöhung der Schleudergeschwindigkeit bis zur erneuten Flüssigkeitsabgabe fortgesetzt wird.According to a further feature of the invention, a flow indicator is arranged in the drain line of the washing machine, which is coupled to a program circuit in such a way that in the spin cycle after the liquid spun off at the beginning, the increase in the spin speed is continued until the liquid is dispensed again.

Vorzugsweise ist die Trommel als mitnehmerrippenlose Trommel ausgebildet.The drum is preferably designed as a drum without ribs.

Gemäss einer weiteren vorzugsweisen Ausbildungsform ist der Trommelantrieb nicht reversierend ausgebildet.According to a further preferred embodiment, the drum drive is not designed to be reversible.

Für den Einsatz in Waschstrassen ist die Trommel vorzugsweise als Durchladetrommel mit Belade- und Austragsöffnung an den einander gegenüberliegenden Stirnseiten der Trommel ausgebildet. Hierbei ist vorzugsweise die Beladeöffnung als sich zur Trommel konisch erweiterndes Rohr ausgebildet, das eine Hohlwelle für eine einseitige Trommellagerung bildet.For use in car washes, the drum is preferably designed as a through-loading drum with a loading and discharge opening on the opposite ends of the drum. Here, the loading opening is preferably designed as a tube which widens conically to the drum and forms a hollow shaft for a one-sided drum bearing.

Ein weiteres Merkmal der Waschmaschine ist, dass sie einen sich in Trommeldrehrichtung verengenden Zwischenraum zwischen Trommel und Gehäuse aufweist. Diese Verengung kann durch exzentrische Anordnung der Trommel in einem zylindrischen Gehäuse gebildet sein, wobei vorzugsweise das Maximum der Verengung in Trommeldrehrichtung hinter dem höchsten Punkt der Trommel liegt. Ferner kann im Bereich des Eingangs des sich verengenden Zwischenraums ein Wassereinlauf vorgesehen sein.Another feature of the washing machine is that it has a space between the drum and the housing that narrows in the direction of drum rotation. This constriction can be formed by an eccentric arrangement of the drum in a cylindrical housing, the maximum of the constriction preferably lying behind the highest point of the drum in the direction of rotation of the drum. Furthermore, a water inlet can be provided in the area of the entrance of the narrowing space.

Gemäss einem weiteren Vorschlag ist die Waschmaschine mit einem Unwuchtwächter versehen, der mit einem Ausschalter des Motors verbunden ist.According to a further proposal, the washing machine is provided with an unbalance monitor, which is connected to a motor switch.

In weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung wird vor- .geschlagen, dass die Stirnflächen der Trommel entsprechend der Form der Rotationsfläche einer Kettenlinie um die Trommelachse gewölbt sind, wobei die Höhe der Wölbung der Stirnflächen etwa 1/6 des Durchmessers der Trommel beträgt.In a further embodiment of the invention is .geschlagen proposed that the end faces of the drum of a catenary are curved around the drum axis corresponding to the shape of the surface of revolution, the height of the curvature of the end faces approximately 1 / 6th of the diameter of the drum.

Ferner können die Strinflächen der Trommel durch ein zylindrisches Mittelteil verbunden sein, dessen Breite vorzugsweise etwa ¼ der Wölbungshöhe der Stirnseiten entspricht. Hierbei kann nur das zylindrische Mittelteil Perforationen aufweisen.Furthermore, the string surfaces of the drum can be connected by a cylindrical middle part, the width of which preferably corresponds to approximately ¼ of the curvature height of the end faces. Only the cylindrical middle part can have perforations.

Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren geht von der Erkenntnis aus, dass sich die Schwierigkeiten beim Mischen von Flüssigkeiten unterschiedlichen spezifischen Gewichts unter dem Einfluss von Kapillarwirkungen wesentlich erhöhen und den Einsatz erheblicher Mengen kinetischer Energie erforderlich machen.The method according to the invention is based on the knowledge that the difficulties in mixing liquids of different specific weights increase significantly under the influence of capillary effects and necessitate the use of considerable amounts of kinetic energy.

Bei textilen Gebilden sind dreierlei Kapillarräume zu unterscheiden: erstens die Maschen des Gewebes und der äusseren offenen Spalte zwischen den Fasern der Fäden des Gewebes, zweitens die Faserzwischenräume im Inneren der Fäden und drittens die Kapillaren der Fasern selbst, in die Flüssigkeit eindringen und diese zum Quellen bringen kann.A distinction must be made between three types of capillary space in textile structures: first, the mesh of the fabric and the outer open gap between the fibers of the threads of the fabric, second, the interstices of fibers inside the threads, and third, the capillaries of the fibers themselves, penetrate the liquid and cause it to swell can bring.

Beim Waschen von Textilien findet ein Austausch der Wasch- bzw. Spülflüssigkeiten hauptsächlich an der Oberfläche und in den Falten der Textilien statt. Da jedoch Schmutz auch in die erstgenannten Kapillarräume eindringt, gelegentlich auch i.n die der zweiten Art, ergeben sich die oben erwähnten Schwierigkeiten.When washing textiles, the washing or rinsing liquids are mainly exchanged on the surface and in the folds of the textiles. However, since dirt also penetrates the first-mentioned capillary spaces, occasionally also that of the second type, the difficulties mentioned above arise.

Andererseits ist es bekannt, dass Textilien, mit Ausnahme z.B. imprägnierter oder besonders fest gewebter Stücke, wie Teppiche, Flüssigkeit im Laufe kürzester Zeit bis zu 200 oder 300% ihres Gewichts aufsaugen. Wenn es gelingt, Flüssigkeit aus den erstgenannten Kapillarräumen zu entfernen, um sie durch neue zu ersetzen, kann auf Misch- und Diffusionsvorgänge weitgehend verzichtet werden.On the other hand, it is known that textiles, with the exception of e.g. Impregnated or particularly tightly woven pieces, such as carpets, absorb liquid up to 200 or 300% of their weight in the shortest possible time. If it is possible to remove liquid from the first-mentioned capillary spaces in order to replace them with new ones, mixing and diffusion processes can largely be dispensed with.

Es wurde gefunden, dass unter den üblichen, in einer Schleudermaschine herrschenden Bedingungen nur die freie und in den Falten der Wäsche befindliche Flüssigkeit entfernt werden kann. Will man auch den erstgenannten Kapillarräumen wesentliche Teile der Flüssigkeit entziehen, müssen weit höhere Schleudergeschwindigkeiten verwendet werden, die jedoch durch Verminderung der Oberflächenspannung der Flüssigkeit, z.B. durch Zusatz von Detergenzien und Verwendung höherer Temperaturen herabgesetzt werden können.It has been found that under the usual conditions prevailing in a centrifugal machine, only the free liquid contained in the folds of the laundry can be removed. If significant parts of the liquid are also to be removed from the first-mentioned capillary spaces, much higher centrifugal speeds must be used, which, however, can be achieved by reducing the surface tension of the liquid, e.g. can be reduced by adding detergents and using higher temperatures.

Hieraus ergeben sich für ein Waschverfahren die folgenden Konsequenzen:

  • 1. Die erstgenannten Kapillarräume sind von Anfang an mit Waschlauge zu besetzen, wobei durch eine homogene Waschlauge die gesamte Waschmitteldosierung hier eingebracht werden soll.
  • 2. Nach dem Waschgang ist ein Schleudergang unerlässlich.
  • 3. Fürdie Spülgänge ist wasser von etwa gleicher Temperatur wie für den Waschgang zu verwen - den. Detergenzien sind, falls nicht schon im Waschmittel enthalten, zuzusetzen.
  • 4. Eine freie Wasch- oder Spülflüssigkeit ist nicht erforderlich.
  • 5. Die Quellflüssigkeit nimmt am Waschvorgang nichtteil, muss aber mitgeschleppt werden. Der Waschzyklus sollte daher so kurz wie möglich sein.
This has the following consequences for a washing process:
  • 1. The first-mentioned capillary spaces are to be filled with wash liquor from the start, the entire detergent dosage being introduced here by means of a homogeneous wash liquor.
  • 2. A spin cycle is essential after the wash cycle.
  • 3. Water of approximately the same temperature as for the wash cycle should be used for the rinse cycles. Detergents should be added if they are not already in the detergent.
  • 4. A free washing or rinsing liquid is not required.
  • 5. The swelling liquid does not take part in the washing process, but must be carried along. The wash cycle should therefore be as short as possible.

Ein optimales Waschverfahren der erfindungsgemässen Art ergibt sich daher, wenn man eine konzentrierte oder gar gesättigte Waschlauge zubereitet, und mit dieser die Textilien in einer Menge beaufschlagt, die zwischen 45 und 100% ihres Aufsaugvermögens beträgt. Sehr gute Waschergebnisse wurden bei nur 60% erzielt und diese Ergebnisse lassen sich nicht durch eine höhere Flüssigkeitszufuhr verbessern. Die Grösse dieser möglichen aufzusaugenden Flüssigkeitsmenge schwankt bei den einzelnen Textilarten stark und lässt sich durch Versuche leicht bestimmen. Das Verfahren wird nicht gestört, wenn verschiedene Textilarten in der Wäsche gemischt sind und das Mischungsverhältnis schwankt, weil in jedem Fall beim Anstreben eines mittleren Wertes immer noch ein zwischen 45 und 100% liegender Wert erhalten wird. Hierbei kann auf zweierlei Weise verfahren werden. Man kann soviel Waschflüssigkeit in den Laugenbehälter einbringen, dass in der Trommel ein geringer Flüssigkeitsstand aufrechterhalten wird, der laufend von den dann vereinzelt eingegebenen Textilien aufgenommen wird, bis der gewünschte Benetzungsgrad erreicht ist. Zur Vergleichmässigung des Benetzungsgrades muss die Wäsche gleichzeitig in der Trommel bewegt werden, jedoch nicht so stark, dass ein Teil der aufgenommenen Flüssigkeitwiederabfliesst. Eine Trommelgeschwindigkeit, bei der am Trommelmantel eine Zentrifugalbeschleunigung von 0,2 bis 0,6 g auftritt, hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen.An optimal washing process of the type according to the invention is therefore obtained if a concentrated or even saturated washing liquor is prepared and this is applied to the textiles in an amount which is between 45 and 100% of their absorbent capacity. Very good washing results were achieved at only 60% and these results cannot be improved by a higher hydration. The size of this possible amount of liquid to be absorbed fluctuates greatly with the individual types of textile and can be easily determined by experiments. The process is not disturbed if different types of textile are mixed in the laundry and the mixing ratio fluctuates, because in any case a value between 45 and 100% is still obtained when a medium value is sought. There are two ways of doing this. So much washing liquid can be introduced into the tub that a low liquid level is maintained in the drum, which is then continuously absorbed by the textiles that are then entered individually until the desired degree of wetting is reached. To even out the degree of wetting, the laundry has to be moved in the drum at the same time, but not so much that part of the absorbed liquid flows off again. A drum speed at which centrifugal acceleration of 0.2 to 0.6 g occurs on the drum jacket has proven to be advantageous.

Der Flüssigkeitsspiegel in der Trommel sollte so hoch sein, dass die im Augenblick unten in der Trommel liegenden Stücke durchschnittlich weniger als zu 30% eintauchen und der Beschickungsvorgang sollte nicht länger als 3 min dauern.The liquid level in the drum should be so high that the pieces currently in the bottom of the drum are immersed by less than 30% on average and the loading process should not take longer than 3 minutes.

Man kann aber auch die Waschflüssigkeit auf die in der Trommel befindliche gesamte trockene Charge durch mindestens eine in die Trommel kontinuierlich oder in Intervallen spritzende Düse aufsprühen, wobei wiederum die Trommel zu bewegen ist und laufend höchstens soviel eingespritzt wird, wie im wesentlichen durch die Textilien aufgesaugt wird. Eventuell abfliessende Flüssigkeitsmengen müssen den Textilien wieder zugeführt werden, damit der erforderliche Benetzungsgrad erreicht wird.However, the washing liquid can also be sprayed onto the entire dry batch in the drum through at least one nozzle spraying continuously or at intervals into the drum, the drum again having to be moved and continuously injected at most as much as is essentially sucked up by the textiles becomes. Any outflowing amounts of liquid must be returned to the textiles so that the required degree of wetting is achieved.

Im ersten Falle befindet sich nach vollendeter Beschickung in der Trommel, im zweiten auch im Laugenbehälter keine freie Flüssigkeit. Die zur Reinigung erforderliche Waschmittelmenge muss daher in dem von den Textilien aufgesaugten Teil der Waschflüssigkeit enthalten sein. Diese besteht daher aus konzentrierter oder gar gesättigter Waschmittellösung. Auf die Beschickung der Trommel folgt ein konventioneller Waschgang mit einer Drehgeschwindigkeit der Trommel, bei der am Trommelmantel eine Zentrifugalbeschleunigung zwischen 0,4 und 0,95 g auftritt. Dabei wird, soweit nicht schon bei der Beschickung geschehen, die Benetzung der Textilien vergleichmässigt, der Schmutz gelöst und die Waschflüssigkeit in den Kapillaren bewegt. Der Waschgang sollte aber nicht länger als 6 min dauern, um das Quellen der Fasern zu begrenzen. Ferner sollte die höchste, für die betreffende Textilienart verträgliche Temperatur verwendet werden, zu deren Aufrechterhaltung im Hinblick auf die geringe oder fehlende Waschflüssigkeit ein Nachheizen z.B. durch Einblasen von Heissdampf zweckmässig ist.In the first case there is no free liquid in the drum after the loading, in the second also in the tub. The amount of detergent required for cleaning must therefore be contained in the part of the washing liquid absorbed by the textiles. It therefore consists of a concentrated or even saturated detergent solution. The loading of the drum is followed by a conventional washing cycle with a rotation speed of the drum, in which a centrifugal acceleration between 0.4 and 0.95 g occurs on the drum shell. If not already done during loading, the wetting of the textiles is evened out, the dirt is loosened and the washing liquid is moved in the capillaries. The wash cycle should not take longer than 6 minutes to limit the swelling of the fibers. Furthermore, the highest temperature which is compatible with the type of textile in question should be used, to maintain which, in view of the low or no washing liquid, reheating e.g. by blowing hot steam.

Da beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren hohe Schleudergeschwindigkeiten von bis zu 350 g erforderlich sein können, ist bei Einleitung des Schleuderganges besondere Sorgfalt auf ein gleichmässiges Verteilen und Anlegen der Wäsche an die Trommelwand zu verwenden, um Unwuchten zu vermeiden.Since high spin speeds of up to 350 g may be required in the method according to the invention, special care must be taken when starting the spin cycle to distribute and apply the laundry evenly to the drum wall in order to avoid imbalances.

Die Schleudergeschwindigkeit ist materialabhängig. Es ist leicht einzusehen, dass sie für schwere Baumwollware bedeutend höher sein muss als z.B. für lockere Polyesterware. Ausserdem hängt sie von der Flüssigkeitstemperatur und deren Detergenziengehalt ab. Es kann angenommen werden, dass ein ausreichender Entwässerungsgrad erreicht ist, wenn ca. 85% der von den Textilien aufgenommenen Flüssigkeitsmenge, abzüglich der in die Fasern gesaugten Quellflüssigkeit, abgeschleudert ist. Beim Endschleudern kann diese Menge auch 90% und mehr betragen. In der Praxis bedarf es jedoch einer grossen Erfahrung, den Entwässerungsgrad durch Augenschein festzustellen. Entsprechende Messungen sind umständlich und zeitaufwendig.The spin speed depends on the material. It is easy to see that for heavy cotton goods it has to be significantly higher than e.g. for loose polyester goods. It also depends on the liquid temperature and its detergent content. It can be assumed that a sufficient degree of dewatering is achieved when approx. 85% of the amount of liquid absorbed by the textiles, minus the swelling liquid sucked into the fibers, has been spun off. During the final spin, this amount can also be 90% and more. In practice, however, a great deal of experience is required to determine the degree of drainage by eye. Corresponding measurements are cumbersome and time-consuming.

Da jedoch die freie Flüssigkeit und das Oberflächenwasser bereits bei einer mässigen Schleudergeschwindigkeit abfliesst und es zum Entfernen des Wassers aus den Gewebemaschen einer deutlich gesteigerten Geschwindigkeit bedarf, kann beobachtet werden, dass nach Abfluss des Oberflächenwassers nach einer Pause plötzlich wieder eine geringere Menge Flüssigkeit abfliesst. Diese Erscheinung ist auch zu beobachten, wenn von vornherein mit der erforderlichen hohen Geschwindigkeit geschleudert wird. Es zeigt sich somit, dass zum Abschleudern von Flüssigkeit aus den Gewebemaschen eine gewisse Mindestgeschwindigkeit notwendig ist. Ebenso ist zum Entfernen der Flüssigkeit aus den Spalten zwischen den Fasern im Inneren der Fäden eine andere, höhere kritische Geschwindigkeit erforderlich, deren Verwendung für den gegebenen Zweck jedoch unwirtschaftlich wäre.However, since the free liquid and the surface water already flow off at a moderate spin speed and it takes a significantly increased speed to remove the water from the mesh, it can be observed that after a pause, a smaller amount of liquid suddenly flows off again after the surface water has drained off. This phenomenon can also be observed when hurling at the high speed required from the outset. It can thus be seen that a certain minimum speed is necessary to eject liquid from the mesh. Likewise, another, higher critical speed is required to remove the liquid from the gaps between the fibers inside the threads, their However, use for the given purpose would be uneconomical.

Die anschliessenden Spülgänge sind analog dem Waschgang durchzuführen, wobei beim Eingeben des Spülwassers wie bei der Beschickung der Trommel verfahren wird, die Wäsche jedoch selbstverständlich in der Trommel verbleibt. Das Wasser soll etwa die gleiche Temperatur haben wie die Waschflüssigkeit. Ausserdem wird dadurch, dass man nur bis zu 85% des von den Textilien aufgenommenen Wassers entfernt, ein Teil der Detergenzien in das nächste Bad verschleppt, so dass deren weitere Zugabe nicht erforderlich ist. Ein Spülgang sollte etwa 4 min nicht überschreiten.The subsequent rinse cycles are carried out in the same way as the washing cycle, with the same procedure as for loading the drum when entering the rinse water, but of course the laundry remains in the drum. The water should be at about the same temperature as the washing liquid. In addition, by only removing up to 85% of the water absorbed by the textiles, some of the detergents are carried off into the next bath, so that their further addition is not necessary. A rinse cycle should not exceed about 4 minutes.

Wegen der hohen Schleudergeschwindigkeiten bildet sich an der Trommelwand ein fester Wäschering, der nur schwer von der Wand zu lösen ist. Durch Beaufschlagung mindestens eines Teiles des Trommelmantels mit Druckflüssigkeit, beispielsweise durch Erzeugen eines Staues zwischen Trommelmantel und Laugenbehälter, kann der Ring von der Wand abgedrückt und zugleich die Trommel gebremst werden. Nach dem Endschleudern kann auf diese Massnahme verzichtet werden, jedoch besteht hierfür nicht unbedingt eine Notwendigkeit, da die so eintretende Wiederbefeuchtung begrenzt ist, wenn der Vorgang rechtzeitig unterbrochen wird.Due to the high spin speeds, a solid laundry ring forms on the drum wall, which is difficult to detach from the wall. By pressurizing at least part of the drum jacket with hydraulic fluid, for example by creating a jam between the drum jacket and the tub, the ring can be pushed off the wall and the drum can be braked at the same time. This measure can be dispensed with after the final spin cycle, but this is not absolutely necessary since the rewetting that occurs is limited if the process is interrupted in good time.

Nachstehend wird die Erfindung unter Bezug auf Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Trommelwaschmaschine;
  • Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt durch Trommel und Gehäuse der Waschmaschine nach Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 eine weitere Ausführungsform der Trommelwaschmaschine, und
  • Fig. 4 die Form der Trommel gemäss der Waschmaschine nach Fig. 3.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. It shows:
  • 1 shows a longitudinal section through an embodiment of the drum washing machine according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the drum and housing of the washing machine according to FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the drum washing machine, and
  • 4 shows the shape of the drum according to the washing machine according to FIG. 3.

Die Trommelwaschmaschine nach Fig. 1 besteht aus einem Gehäuse 11, dessen unterer Teil als Behälterwanne 12 für Wasser oder Waschflüssigkeit dient. Im Gehäuse 11 befindet sich eine drehbare, an der Mantelfläche gelochte Trommel 13. Diese weist an einer Seite eine konische Hohlwelle 14 auf, die an der Aussenseite der Maschine ihren kleinsten Durchmesser hat. Zwischen der Hohlwelle 14 und dem Gehäuse sind Lager 15 angeordnet, in denen die Trommel 13 einseitig gelagert ist. Die Hohlwelle 14 und somit auch die Trommel 13 wird über die Riemenscheibe 16 und den Treibriemen 17 vom Antriebsmotor 18 angetrieben. Der Motor 18 ist über eine Antriebskonsole 19 fest mit dem Gehäuse 11 der Waschmaschine verbunden. Die gesamte Waschmaschine ist um den Drehpunkt 20 etwas kippbar. Die Kippbewegung wird durch den Antrieb 21, der z.B. hydraulisch, pneumatisch oder elektrisch sein kann, vorgenommen. Wasser wird der Behälterwanne 12 des Gehäuses 11 durch den Zulauf 22 zugeführt. Durch das mit dem Badhöhenwächter 24 verbundene Magnetventil 23 wird der Flüssigkeitsspiegel genau auf den Sollstand 26 einreguliert. Die Waschlauge wird in ähnlicher Weise durch eine nicht gezeigte Leitung in die Behälterwanne 12 des Gehäuses 11 eingeleitet. Spülwasser und Waschflüssigkeit fliessen, sobald sie nicht mehr benötigt werden, über das Entleerungsventil 25 ab. Die Wäschestücke 28 werden über die Transportvorrichtung 29 und die Rutsche 27 vollautomatisch vereinzelt in die Trommel 13 befördert. Die Rutsche ist mit Hilfe des Antriebs 43 im Gelenk 44 zur Beladeöffnung 40 schwenkbar.1 consists of a housing 11, the lower part of which serves as a container pan 12 for water or washing liquid. In the housing 11 there is a rotatable drum 13 perforated on the outer surface. This drum has a conical hollow shaft 14 on one side, which has its smallest diameter on the outside of the machine. Bearings 15 are arranged between the hollow shaft 14 and the housing, in which the drum 13 is supported on one side. The hollow shaft 14 and thus also the drum 13 is driven by the drive motor 18 via the pulley 16 and the drive belt 17. The motor 18 is fixedly connected to the housing 11 of the washing machine via a drive console 19. The entire washing machine can be tilted somewhat about pivot point 20. The tilting movement is carried out by the drive 21, which e.g. can be hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical. Water is supplied to the tank pan 12 of the housing 11 through the inlet 22. The liquid level is adjusted precisely to the desired level 26 by the solenoid valve 23 connected to the bath height monitor 24. The wash liquor is similarly introduced into the container trough 12 of the housing 11 through a line (not shown). As soon as they are no longer required, rinsing water and washing liquid flow out via the drain valve 25. The items of laundry 28 are conveyed into the drum 13 fully automatically and individually via the transport device 29 and the chute 27. The slide can be pivoted with the aid of the drive 43 in the joint 44 to the loading opening 40.

Beim Einfüllen der Wäsche ist nur der Deckel 30 (falls vorhanden) geöffnet und der Deckel 32 der Austragsöffnung 31 geschlossen.When filling the laundry, only the lid 30 (if present) is open and the lid 32 of the discharge opening 31 is closed.

Die Waschmaschine weist eine Programmschaltung 34 auf, die in geeigneter Weise mit den Steuer- und Regelelementen der Waschmaschine verbunden ist. Ferner ist eine Vorrichtung zur allmählichen Steigerung der Umlaufgeschwindigkeit der Trommel 13 beim Übergang vom Waschgang auf den Schleudergang, z.B. ein Vorwiderstand 36 im Schaltkreis des Motors 18 vorgesehen. Austragsseitig ist eine Rutsche 45 und eine Abtransportvorrichtung, z.B. ein Bandförderer 33 angeordnet.The washing machine has a program circuit 34 which is connected in a suitable manner to the control and regulating elements of the washing machine. Furthermore, a device for gradually increasing the rotational speed of the drum 13 during the transition from the wash cycle to the spin cycle, e.g. a series resistor 36 is provided in the circuit of the motor 18. A chute 45 and a removal device, e.g. a belt conveyor 33 is arranged.

In der Abflussleitung 35 der Trommel 13 ist ein Durchflussanzeiger 49 angeordnet, der bei Auftreten eines Flüssigkeitsablaufs ein Signal an die Programmschaltung 34 gibt.A flow indicator 49 is arranged in the drain line 35 of the drum 13 and gives a signal to the program circuit 34 when a liquid discharge occurs.

Die Waschmaschine kann ferner ein Heizaggregat mit Heizrohren 42 und einen Unwuchtwächter 47 aufweisen. Die Trommel 13 ist im Gehäuse 11 exzentrisch angeordnet. Hierbei liegt die Gehäuseachse 46 parallel versetzt zur Drehachse 41 der Trommel 13, so dass der Zwischenraum zwischen Trommel 13 und Gehäuse 11 in seinem oberen Bereich eine Verengung aufweist, dessen Maximum 39 in Drehrichtung 37 der Trommel hinter dem höchsten Trommelpunkt liegt. Am Eingang der Verengung ist ein Wassereinlauf 38 vorgesehen, der vorzugsweise tangential in den Zwischenraum mündet.The washing machine can also have a heating unit with heating tubes 42 and an unbalance monitor 47. The drum 13 is arranged eccentrically in the housing 11. Here, the housing axis 46 is offset parallel to the axis of rotation 41 of the drum 13, so that the space between the drum 13 and the housing 11 has a constriction in its upper region, the maximum 39 of which lies behind the highest drum point in the direction of rotation 37 of the drum. At the entrance of the constriction, a water inlet 38 is provided, which preferably opens tangentially into the intermediate space.

Die Waschmaschine gemäss Fig. 3 unterscheidet sich dadurch, dass der Flüssigkeitszulauf als Sprühdüse 52 ausgebildet und im Deckel 32 angeordnet ist und dass in der Abflussleitung 35 ausser einem Durchflussanzeiger auch eine Messvorrichtung 48 für die von der Wäsche ablaufende Flüssigkeitsmenge vorhanden ist, die mit dem Durchflussanzeiger kombiniert oder eine besondere Ausführungsform des Durchflussanzeigers 49 sein kann. Die Stirnflächen dieser Trommel 13 haben die Form der Rotationsfläche einer Kettenlinie um die Achse 41. Zwischen den Stirnflächen befindet sich ein zylindrisches Mittelteil 50, das allein Perforationen aufweist. Als vorteilhaft hat sich eine Bauform erwiesen, bei der die Höhe der Wölbung der Stirnflächen etwa % des Durchmessers der Trommel und die Breite des zylindrischen Mittelteils etwa ¼ der Wölbungshöhe der Stirnseiten entspricht.The washing machine according to FIG. 3 differs in that the liquid inlet is designed as a spray nozzle 52 and is arranged in the cover 32 and that in the discharge line 35 there is also a measuring device 48 in addition to a flow indicator for the amount of liquid flowing out of the laundry, which is associated with the flow indicator combined or can be a special embodiment of the flow indicator 49. The end faces of this drum 13 have the shape of the surface of rotation of a chain line about the axis 41. Between the end faces there is a cylindrical middle part 50 which has only perforations. A design has proven to be advantageous in which the height of the curvature of the end faces corresponds to approximately% of the diameter of the drum and the width of the cylindrical middle part corresponds to approximately ¼ of the curvature height of the end faces.

Wie eingangs erwähnt, ist die Waschmaschine zur Verwendung für ein neues Waschverfahren gedacht, bei dem die Menge der gebundenen Flüssigkeit geringer ist, als von der Wäsche maximal aufgesaugt werden kann. Zum Lösen des Schmutzes ist ein Einbringen der Waschflüssigkeit in den fasernahen Bereich und die Gewebemaschen ausreichend. In der Praxis wird man allein schon deswegen eine grössere als die benötigte Flüssigkeitsmenge einbringen, weil ein Teil des Wassers von der Faser als Quellwasser aufgenommen wird und am weiteren Verfahren nicht teilnimmt.As mentioned at the beginning, the washing machine is intended for use in a new washing process in which the amount of bound liquid is less than the laundry can maximally absorb. To loosen the dirt, the washing liquid has to be introduced into the sufficient area close to the fiber and the mesh. In practice, a larger than the required amount of liquid will be introduced simply because part of the water is absorbed by the fiber as spring water and does not take part in the further process.

Aus diesem Grunde ist der Badhöhenwächter 24 in einer Höhe angeordnet, dass in der Trommel sich nur eine entsprechende, von der Wäsche laufend aufzunehmende Flüssigkeitsmenge befindet. Zur Erzielung einer gleichmässigen Benetzung gibt man die Wäsche bei bewegter Trommel vereinzelt ein, wobei die Trommel mit einer Geschwindigkeit, bei der am Trommelmantel eine Zentrifugalbeschleunigung von etwa 0,3 bis 0,8 g auftritt, bewegt wird. Während des Waschvorgangs bei einer Trommelgeschwindigkeit von 0,4 bis 0,95 g stellt sich im Gehäuse ein Flüssigkeitsspiegel ein, der den Trommelboden in etwa tangiert, sodass die von der Wäsche beim Herabfallen auf die Trommelwand geringfügig abgegebene Flüssigkeitsmenge der in die Trommel gelangenden Zulaufmenge etwa gleich ist. In der Praxis berührt der Flüssigkeitsspiegel die Trommel über eine Fläche, da ein Teil der Flüssigkeit durch die Trommelbewegung am Trommelmantel mitgerissen wird.For this reason, the bath height monitor 24 is arranged at a height such that there is only a corresponding amount of liquid to be continuously taken up by the laundry in the drum. In order to achieve a uniform wetting, the laundry is entered individually with the drum in motion, the drum being moved at a speed at which a centrifugal acceleration of about 0.3 to 0.8 g occurs on the drum shell. During the washing process at a drum speed of 0.4 to 0.95 g, a liquid level is set in the housing, which roughly affects the drum base, so that the amount of liquid slightly released by the laundry when it falls onto the drum wall corresponds to the amount of liquid entering the drum is equal to. In practice, the liquid level touches the drum over a surface because part of the liquid is entrained by the drum movement on the drum jacket.

In der Ausführungsform gemäss Fig. 3 erfolgt die Benetzung der Wäsche durch eine in die Trommel gerichtete Sprühdüse 52, wobei zu beachten ist, dass im Falle einer kleinen Wäschecharge die Wäsche unter Umständen nicht die gesamte, abgemessene Flüssigkeitsmenge aufnimmt, sondern diese in die Wanne 12 abfliesst. Da hier ohne freie Flüssigkeit gearbeitet werden soll, muss die Flüssigkeitseingabe gedrosselt oder die abgelaufene Menge gemessen und eine entsprechende zusätzliche Menge über die Sprühdüse 52 eingegeben werden. Das geschieht durch die Messvorrichtung 48, die über die Programmschaltung 34 und das Ventil 23 die Sprühdüse 52 steuert.In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the laundry is wetted by a spray nozzle 52 directed into the drum, whereby it should be noted that in the case of a small batch of laundry, the laundry may not absorb the entire measured amount of liquid, but rather this into the tub 12 drains off. Since work is to be carried out here without free liquid, the liquid input must be throttled or the amount expired measured and a corresponding additional amount entered via the spray nozzle 52. This is done by the measuring device 48, which controls the spray nozzle 52 via the program circuit 34 and the valve 23.

Die Erzielung der erforderlichen hohen Schleudergeschwindigkeit hat zur Voraussetzung, dass ein sehr exaktes Anlegen der Wäsche am Trommelumfang erzielt werden muss, um das Auftreten auch geringer Unwuchten zu vermeiden.The achievement of the required high spin speed has the prerequisite that a very precise application of the laundry on the drum circumference must be achieved in order to avoid the occurrence of even small imbalances.

Das bedeutet, dass der Übergang von Waschgeschwindigkeit auf Schleudergeschwindigkeit verlangsamt erfolgen muss, was beispielsweise durch den Vorwiderstand 36 bewirkt werden kann. Nach erfolgtem Anlegen der Wäsche ist eine beschleunigte Erhöhung der Umlaufgeschwindigkeit möglich.This means that the transition from washing speed to spinning speed must be slowed down, which can be caused, for example, by the series resistor 36. After the laundry has been put on, an accelerated increase in the circulation speed is possible.

Das Erreichen der erforderlichen Schleudergeschwindigkeit lässt sich daran erkennen, dass nach Ablaufen der zu Anfang des Schleudervorgangs austretenden Flüssigkeitsmenge der Flüssigkeitsabfluss aufhört und erst bei höherer Geschwindigkeit schwallartig wieder einsetzt. Eine weitere Erhöhung der Schleudergeschwindigkeit ist dann nicht notwendig. Dieser Zeitpunkt kann z.B. mit Hilfe des Durchflussanzeigers 49 erkannt werden, der entweder neben der Messvorrichtung 48 in der Abflussleitung 35 eingebaut oder mit der Messvorrichtung 48 zu einem kombinierten Gerät vereinigt sein kann. So kann z.B. der Durchflussanzeiger 49 eine in der Abflussleitung 35 eingebaute Klappe sein, die vorzugsweise kleiner als der lichte Querschnitt der Leitung ist und die an ihrem freien Ende einen Schwimmkörper aufweist. Sie wird in ihrer Ruhestellung z.B. durch eine Federkraft gehalten, die zu überwinden ist, um sie aus dieser Lage nach oben oder nach unten zu schwenken. Sammelt sich eine Flüssigkeitsmenge in dem über dem Ventil 25 gelegenen Teil der Abflussleitung an, wird die Klappe angehoben. Abfliessende Flüssigkeit drückt sie nach unten. Aus den Bewegungen können entsprechende Signale abgeleitet und der Programmschaltung 34 zugeführt werden.The achievement of the required spin speed can be recognized by the fact that after the amount of liquid emerging at the beginning of the spin process has elapsed, the liquid flow stops and only starts to surge again at a higher speed. A further increase in the spin speed is then not necessary. This time can e.g. can be recognized with the aid of the flow indicator 49, which can either be installed next to the measuring device 48 in the drain line 35 or can be combined with the measuring device 48 to form a combined device. For example, the flow indicator 49 may be a flap installed in the discharge line 35, which is preferably smaller than the clear cross section of the line and which has a floating body at its free end. In its rest position, e.g. held by a spring force that must be overcome to pivot them up or down from this position. If a quantity of liquid accumulates in the part of the drain line located above the valve 25, the flap is raised. Flowing liquid pushes them down. Corresponding signals can be derived from the movements and fed to the program circuit 34.

Nach dem Schleudern wird ein einfaches Ablösen der Wäsche von der Trommelwand erzielt, wenn man den zwischen der Trommel 13 und dem Gehäuse 11 vorhandenen Zwischenraum so ausbildet, dass er sich vorzugsweise im oberen Teil des Gehäuses in Drehrichtung verengt. Das kann durch entsprechende Einbauten oder aber durch exzentrische Aufhängung der Trommel erreicht werden, wobei die engste Stelle 39 des Zwischenraums in Drehrichtung hinter dem höchsten Trommelpunkt liegen sollte. Am Eingang dieser Verengung kann ein Wassereinlauf 38 vorgesehen sein, der vorzugsweise tangential in Richtung der Verengung in den Zwischenraum mündet. Nach Beendigung des Schleudergangs kann somit durch Wassereingabe sehr schnell ein Stau erzielt werden, durch den die Wäsche abgedrückt und die Trommel gebremst wird. Die Anordnung sollte so getroffen werden, dass die eingelaufene Wassermenge möglichst nicht grösser ist als die für den analog zum Waschgang verlaufenden Spülgang erforderliche Menge. Da die für den Spülgang benötigte Wassermenge nicht grösser, sondern wegen des noch vorhandenen Quellwassers und der Restflüssigkeit des vorherigen Waschgangs eher kleiner ist als die für den Waschgang erforderliche Flüssigkeitsmenge, bedarf es keiner Veränderung des Flüssigkeitsstandes oder der einzugebenden Spülwassermenge, nur dass die durch den Wassereinlauf 38 eingegebene Wassermenge zu berücksichtigen ist.After spinning, a simple detachment of the laundry from the drum wall is achieved if the space between the drum 13 and the housing 11 is formed such that it preferably narrows in the direction of rotation in the upper part of the housing. This can be achieved by appropriate internals or by eccentric suspension of the drum, the narrowest point 39 of the space in the direction of rotation behind the highest drum point. At the entrance of this constriction, a water inlet 38 can be provided, which preferably opens tangentially into the space in the direction of the constriction. After the spin cycle has ended, water can very quickly create a jam, by which the laundry is pushed off and the drum is braked. The arrangement should be made in such a way that the amount of water that is run in is as little as possible greater than the amount required for the rinse cycle, which is analogous to the wash cycle. Since the amount of water required for the rinse cycle is not greater than the amount of liquid required for the wash cycle because of the spring water still present and the residual liquid from the previous wash cycle, there is no need to change the liquid level or the rinse water volume to be entered, only that through the water inlet 38 amount of water entered must be taken into account.

Für Textilarten, die die Verwendung heissen Wassers ausschliessen, ist mindestens beim Endschleudern eine hohe Trommelgeschwindigkeit nicht zu vermeiden. Es ist daher ein sehr gleichmässiges Anlegen der Wäsche an die Trommelwand erforderlich, wozu die Ausbildung derTrommel ohne Mitnehmerrippen vorteilhaft ist. Dass die Wäsche trotzdem während des Waschgangs von der Trommelwand mitgenommen wird und nicht etwa nach leichtem Anheben zurückrutscht, liegt am geringen oder fehlenden Flüssigkeitsstand in der Trommel. Ein Reversieren der Trommel ist bei dem geschilderten Verfahren nicht notwendig und würde lediglich den Wasch- oder Spülgang stören und verlängern.For types of textile that exclude the use of hot water, a high drum speed cannot be avoided at least during the final spin. It is therefore necessary to apply the laundry very evenly to the drum wall, for which purpose the formation of the drum without driving ribs is advantageous. The fact that the laundry is nevertheless carried along by the drum wall during the wash cycle and does not slide back after being lifted slightly is due to the low or missing level of liquid in the drum. Reversing the drum is not necessary in the described method and would only disrupt and extend the washing or rinsing cycle.

Ein besonders exaktes Anlegen der Wäsche wird erzielt, wenn die Trommel die Form des Rotationskörpers einer Kettenlinie um die Trommelachse hat. Hierbei kann im Bereich der quer zur Trommelachse verlaufenden Symmetrieebene ein zylindrisches Mittelteil vorhanden sein, an das sich die gewölbten Stirnflächen der Trommel anschliessen. Hierbei ist die Kettenlinie die Umhüllende zweier einander berührender Kreise mit einem Radienverhältnis von 1:2 und die Breite des zylindrischen Mittelteils entspricht etwa dem halben Radius des kleinen Kreises (Fig. 4). Vorzugsweise sind Perforationen 51 lediglich im zylindrischen Mittelteil 50, auf jeden Fall lediglich im Bereich des grössten Trommeldurchmessers vorgesehen. Überraschenderweise wird so eine optimale Ausnutzung der kinetischen Energie bei den Wasch- und Spülgängen und ein besonders gleichmässiges Anlegen der Wäsche an die Trommelwand erreicht.A particularly precise application of the laundry is achieved if the drum has the shape of the rotating body of a chain line around the drum axis. This can be done across the drum axis-extending plane of symmetry, a cylindrical middle part to which the curved end faces of the drum are connected. Here, the chain line is the envelope of two mutually touching circles with a radius ratio of 1: 2 and the width of the cylindrical middle part corresponds to approximately half the radius of the small circle (Fig. 4). Perforations 51 are preferably only provided in the cylindrical middle part 50, in any case only in the area of the largest drum diameter. Surprisingly, optimal utilization of the kinetic energy in the wash and rinse cycles and particularly uniform application of the laundry to the drum wall are achieved.

Da die eingesetzte Flüssigkeitsmenge gering ist, kann eine zusätzliche Wärmezufuhr, insbesondere während des Waschgangs, notwendig sein. Das kann beispielsweise durch im Gehäuse angeordnete Dampfrohre 42 geschehen. Ist keine freie Flüssigkeit vorhanden, sind anderweitige Massnahmen, wie Einblasen von Dampf oder Heissluft oder dergleichen erforderlich.Since the amount of liquid used is small, additional heat, especially during the washing cycle, may be necessary. This can be done, for example, by steam pipes 42 arranged in the housing. If no free liquid is available, other measures such as blowing in steam or hot air or the like are required.

Die Programmschaltung 34 der Waschmaschine muss entsprechend dem Verfahrensverlauf ausgelegt sein und insbesondere einen Schleudergang direkt nach dem Waschgang vorsehen.The program circuit 34 of the washing machine must be designed in accordance with the course of the method and, in particular, provide a spin cycle directly after the wash cycle.

Das Anlegen der Wäsche am Trommelmantel erfolgt derart gleichmässig, dass eine gefederte Aufhängung der Trommel oder des Gehäuses nicht notwendig ist und der Unwuchtwächter 47 lediglich eine Sicherheitsvorkehrung darstellt.The application of the laundry to the drum jacket takes place in such a uniform manner that a spring-loaded suspension of the drum or the housing is not necessary and the unbalance monitor 47 merely represents a safety precaution.

Mit dieser Maschine kann nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren z.B. stark verschmutzte baumwollene Industriewäsche mit einem durchschnittlichen Verschmutzungsgrad von 15% Schmutz mit allen Nebenzeiten, wie z.B. Wassereinlaufzeiten, Wasserablaufzeiten mit 3 Spülgängen und einem Waschgang in insgesamt weniger als 28 min überraschend sauber gewaschen werden.With this machine, according to the method according to the invention, e.g. heavily soiled cotton industrial laundry with an average degree of soiling of 15% dirt with all non-productive times, e.g. Water inlet times, water outlet times with 3 rinses and a wash cycle in less than 28 minutes can be washed surprisingly clean.

Natürlich ist eine Beschränkung auf einen einzigen Waschgang und die Verwendung eines Minimums an Wasch- und Spülflüssigkeit kein in jedem Falle notwendiges Merkmal der Erfindung. Die Erfindung ist auch vorteilhaft für Waschvorgänge bei der Ausrüstung und beim Bleichen und Färben von Textilien einsetzbar, wo eine Behandlung bereits gequollener Materialien notwendig ist. Ebenso ist der Einsatz des Verfahrens in analoger Weise auch in der Chemisch-Reinigung mit entsprechenden Reinigungsflüssigkeiten möglich. Selbstverständlich können auch Leder, Felle, Garne und dergleichen entsprechend behandelt werden.Of course, a limitation to a single wash cycle and the use of a minimum of washing and rinsing liquid is not a necessarily necessary feature of the invention. The invention can also be used advantageously for washing operations in the finishing and bleaching and dyeing of textiles, where treatment of already swollen materials is necessary. Likewise, the method can also be used in an analogous manner in chemical cleaning with appropriate cleaning liquids. Of course, leather, skins, yarns and the like can also be treated accordingly.

Claims (30)

1. A method of washing textiles in a drum-type washing machine having a horizontally mounted drum which, during the washing and rinsing phases, is driven at a speed of rotation at which centrifugal acceleration of between 0.4 and 0.95 g occurs at the jacket of the drum so that the textiles are repeatedly lifted and fall along a trajectory on to the lower part of the drum and are spun between the washing and rinsing phases as well as after the last rinsing phase, characterized in that, during the loading of the machine, the drum turns at a speed of rotation at which centrifugal acceleration of 0.2 to 0.6 g occurs at the jacket of the drum, and washing liquid, in the form of a prepared washing liquor, is continually supplied until all the textiles are wetted by a quantity of washing liquid that amounts to between 45 and 100% of the maximum quantity that the textiles can absorb, in that, following the washing phase, the drum is driven at so high a spinning speed and for so long that, after the spinning off of a first quantity of washing liquid and a draining period that occurs, a second quantity of liquid is then spun off, in that, during the following rinsing phase, water is supplied in the same way as the liquid for the washing operation and the drum is driven at the same speed as in the washing operation, and in that prior to each further rinsing phase, spinning is carried out in the same way as it is following the washing operation.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the washing fluid and the rinsing fluid are added in such manner that, on average, less than 30% of the textile material, located each time at the bottom of the drum, is immersed.
3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the washing liquid and the rinsing liquid are supplied through at least one nozzle, which discharges into the drum continuously or at intervals, and in that such quantity of liquid is continually injected that is at most substantially equal to the quantity absorbed by the textiles.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the drum is driven for so long during spinning that up to approximately 85% of the quantity of liquid absorbed by the textiles, minus the soak liquid sucked into the fibres, is spun off.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, following the last rinsing phase, spinning is carried out in such manner that at least 90% of the water absorbed in the last rinsing phase, less the soak liquid, is removed.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the drum is driven for less than 3 min during loading of the machine.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the drum is driven for at most 6 min during washing.
8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the drum is driven for at most 4 min for each rinsing phase.
9. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least 95% of the washing agent is dissolved in the washing liquid supplied to the textiles and the differences in concentration in the washing liquid are less than 10%.
10. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the washing liquid is a saturated washing agent solution.
11. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the washing liquid and the rinsing water have the highest temperature compatible with the type of textile concerned.
12. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that following the spinning, but excepting the last dry-spinning, the textiles are pressed away from the jacket of the drum by a stream of water directed from the exterior into the drum through holes in the latter.
13. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that first 70 to 80% of the quantity of washing and rinsing liquid is supplied to the textiles, and the remainder after a period of at least 20 s.
14. A drum-type washing machine for performing the method according to claims 1 to 13 and having a drum (13) which is arranged in a housing (11) and can be driven at different speeds of rotation, a device (22, 23, 24) for regulating the inflow of liquid, and a device (34, 36, 47) for gradually raising the speed of rotation of the drum during change-over from the washing phase to the spinning phase, characterized in that the device for regulating the flow of washing and rinsing liquid is so designed that the material to be washed is moistened only to an extent equal to approximately 45 to 100% of its absorption capacity.
15. A drum-type washing machine according to claim 14, characterized in that the device for regulating the inflow of the washing and rinsing liquid consists of a lower supply port (22) and a water-level monitor (24) which is arranged at such a height that, after the liquid passing into the drum (13) has been absorbed, its level is tangent to the bottom of the drum during the washing or rinsing phase, so that the quantity of liquid continuously released by the material being washed is roughly equal to the quantity supplied to the drum.
16. A drum-type washing machine according to claim 14, characterized in that the device for regulating the inflow of the washing and rinsing liquid consists of at least one spray nozzle (52) directed into the drum (13) and of a device (48) for measuring the quantity of liquid discharged from the material being washed, which measuring device controls the spray nozzle (52).
17. A drum-type washing machine according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that a flow indicator (49) is arranged in its discharge pipe (35), which flow indicator is connected to a programme circuit (34) in such mannerthat during the spinning phase and after the liquid, initially spun off, has drained away, the increase in the spinning speed is continued until the supply of liquid is renewed.
18. A drum-type washing machine according to anyone of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the drum (13) is designed as a drum without entraining ribs.
19. A drum-type washing machine according to any one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that its drive (18) is not reversible.
20. A drum-type washing machine according to claims 14 to 19, characterized in that it is designed as a pass-through drum (13) with a loading opening (40) and a discharge opening (31 ) at opposite faces of the drum.
21. A drum-type washing machine according to claim 20, characterized in that the loading opening (40) is designed as a tapered tube which widens towards the drum (13) and which forms a hollow shaft (14) for mounting the drum at only one of its ends.
22. A drum-type washing machine according to any one of claims 14 to 21, characterized in that it has a gap between the drum (13) and the housing (11), which gap narrows in the direction of rotation of the drum.
23. A drum-type washing machine according to claim 22, characterized in that the narrowing is achieved by arranging the drum (13) eccentrically in a cylindrical housing (11).
24. A drum-type washing machine according to claim 22, characterized in that the maximum narrowing (39) in the direction (37) of rotation of the drum is to the rear of the highest point on the drum (13).
25. A drum-type washing machine according to any one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that a water inlet (38) is provided in the zone of the inlet to the narrowing space.
26. A drum-type washing machine according to any one of claims 14 to 25, characterized in that it is provided with an out-of-balance monitor (47) which is connected to a cut-out switch of the motor (18).
27. A drum-type washing machine according to any one of claims 14 to 26, characterized in that the faces of the drum (13) are domed in accordance with the shape of a surface of rotation of a catenary curve about the axis (41) of the drum, the height of the doming of the faces being approximately % ofthe diameter of the drum (13).
28. A drum-type washing machine according to claim 27, characterized in that the faces of the drum (13) are interconnected by a cylindrical median part (50).
29. A drum-type washing machine according to claim 28, characterized in that the width of the cylindrical median part (50) is approximately 1/4 of the height of the doming of the faces.
30. A drum-type washing machine according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that only the cylindrical median part (50) has perforations (51).
EP81104971A 1980-06-28 1981-06-26 Method of washing laundry, and washing machine with drum for performing the method Expired EP0043122B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81104971T ATE5980T1 (en) 1980-06-28 1981-06-26 METHOD OF WASHING TEXTILES AND DRUM WASHING MACHINE FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCESS.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3024571 1980-06-28
DE19803024571 DE3024571A1 (en) 1980-06-28 1980-06-28 Washing machine drum - has controlled water feeds and drum speeds to ensure saturation with reduced water consumption
DE3042198 1980-11-08
DE19803042198 DE3042198A1 (en) 1980-11-08 1980-11-08 Washing machine drum - has controlled water feeds and drum speeds to ensure saturation with reduced water consumption

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EP0043122A1 EP0043122A1 (en) 1982-01-06
EP0043122B1 true EP0043122B1 (en) 1984-01-25

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EP (1) EP0043122B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1165578A (en)
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DE (1) DE3162025D1 (en)

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US7861343B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2011-01-04 Whirlpool Corporation Method for operating a steam generator in a fabric treatment appliance
US7905119B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2011-03-15 Whirlpool Corporation Fabric treatment appliance with steam generator having a variable thermal output
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US7966683B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2011-06-28 Whirlpool Corporation Method for operating a steam generator in a fabric treatment appliance
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EP0043122A1 (en) 1982-01-06
DE3162025D1 (en) 1984-03-01
US4432111A (en) 1984-02-21
DD160068A6 (en) 1983-04-27
CA1165578A (en) 1984-04-17

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