EP0059043A1 - Surface active compositions - Google Patents

Surface active compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0059043A1
EP0059043A1 EP82300640A EP82300640A EP0059043A1 EP 0059043 A1 EP0059043 A1 EP 0059043A1 EP 82300640 A EP82300640 A EP 82300640A EP 82300640 A EP82300640 A EP 82300640A EP 0059043 A1 EP0059043 A1 EP 0059043A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compound
salt
sulphate
composition
carbon atoms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP82300640A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0059043B1 (en
Inventor
Paul Hepworth
Norman Scott
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Publication of EP0059043B1 publication Critical patent/EP0059043B1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3707—Polyethers, e.g. polyalkyleneoxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers

Definitions

  • THIS INVENTION relates to surface active compositions.
  • sulphating agents for example H 2 S0 4 , S0 3 or SO 2 Cl 2 and neutralising with an amine for example a C l to C 5 mono alkyl amine or ammonia or with an alkali or alkaline earth base or ammonium compound to give the salt which is normally produced as a concentrate containing for example 65 to 75% by weight of the salt and a minor amount of water which includes any water of neutralisation and any introduced as solvent for the neutralising agent.
  • Such concentrates are normally viscous liquids, but if free inorganic sulphates, for example sodium sulphate, or the unsulphated alcohol ethoxylate is present the concentrate may become an elastic gell which is difficult to handle.
  • the alcohol-ether sulphate salts are normally transported as concentrates and then diluted with water and optionally other materials to produce the product ultimately used by the consumer. On dilution of the concentrate another gell of a particularly troublesome type is encountered when a composition of about 55% of the alcohol ether sulphate salt and 45% of water is reached. Frequently ethanol is added to break the gells and allow dilution, but this represents a considerable expense and becuase of its volatility, a fire hazard.
  • a compound other than a sulphate or sulphate salt
  • average molecular weight 500 to 10,000 preferably 500 to 6,000 and more preferably 1,000 to 3,000
  • the compound comprising a total of at least two ether linkages per seven carbon atoms, for example a polyethylene glycol of average molecular weight 500 to 6,000 reduces the problem of dilution with water.
  • the said compounds are of low volatility, and the quantities required are small.
  • the invention comprises a composition comprising a salt of an alcohol ether sulphate of formula [RO(C 2 H 4 O) n SO 3 ] - m M m+ where R and n are as previously defined, M is an ammonium, substituted ammcnium, alkali or alkaline earth metal ion and m is the valency of M, and a gel inhibiting quantity of a compound (other than a sulphate or sulphate salt) of average molecular weight 500 to 10,000, preferably 500 to 6,000 and more preferably 1,000 to 3,000, which comprises at least one polyalkylene glycol chain, the compound comprising a total of at least two ether linkages per seven carbon atoms, for example a polyethylene glycol.
  • the compound may be a polyalkylene or mixed polyalkylene glycol, for example polyethylene glycol or a mixed polyethylene/polypropylene glycol, a compound comprising a polyalkylene glycol chain linked to a phenol or alcohol for example an alkyl phenol (suitably having 4 to 12 carbon atoms in its alkyl group or groups) or alcohol (suitably having 1 to 16 and preferably 10 to 16 carbon atoms)/ethylene oxide condensate or with two or more polyalkylene glycol chains linked to a residue of a compound having two or more active hydrogen atoms, for example, glycerol or butane 1,4 diol.
  • the compound is very suitably a polyethylene glycol.
  • a gel inhibiting quantity is meant an amount sufficient to reduce the maximum elasticity of any gel encountered during dilution with water to at most 4 x 10 -4 Newtons per sq mm and preferably at most 1 x 10 -4 Newtons. In general 0.5 to 5% by weight of polyethylene glycol is used.
  • Compositions according to the invention tend to be thixotropic; they are readily pumpable in suitable conventional equipment.
  • the salt is suitably a sodium, potassium, magnesium or ammonium salt, and may be produced by neutralising the acid with a hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate of the cation. Direct neutralisation with ammonia or an amine may be carried out.
  • the invention also comprises a process in which the alcohol ether sulphate salt is mixed with a gel inhibiting amount of a compound (other than a sulphate or sulphate salt) of average molecular weight 500 to 10,000, preferably 500 to 6,000 and more preferably 1,000 to 3,000, which comprises at least one polyalkylene glycol chain, the compound comprising a total of at least two ether linkages per seven carbon atoms, for example a polyethylene glycol,and then diluted with water.
  • a compound other than a sulphate or sulphate salt of average molecular weight 500 to 10,000, preferably 500 to 6,000 and more preferably 1,000 to 3,000, which comprises at least one polyalkylene glycol chain, the compound comprising a total of at least two ether linkages per seven carbon atoms, for example a polyethylene glycol,and then diluted with water.
  • the compound has at least two ether linkages per five carbon atoms.
  • a sodium salt of a mixed C 13 and C 15 alcohol (7 to 3 by molar ratio) ethoxylated with an average of 3 mole C 2 H 4 O per mole of alcohol, sulphated with S0 3 and neutralised with NaOH solution to produce a 70% mixture by weight of the salt with water (hereinafter referred to as material A) was tested in an oscillating can rheometer to determine its dynamic viscosity and elasticity at a frequency of oscillation of 9.8 cycles per second. Material A with the specified additives was also tested in the same way.
  • Material A with 2.5% w/w of polyethylene glycol (800 mol wt) added had a dynamic viscosity under the same conditions of 37 poise at low shear and an elasticity of 3.2 x 10 -4 N mm -2 .
  • Material A with 1% w/w polyethylene glycol (1,COO mol wt) added had a dynamic viscosity under the same conditions of 34 poise at low shear and an elasticity of 4.1 x 10 -4 N mm -2 .
  • Material A with 21 ⁇ 2 w/w polyethylene glycol (1,000 mol wt) added had a dynamic viscosity under the same conditions of 36 poise at low shear and an elasticity of 2.1 x 10 -4 N mm -2 .
  • Synperonic TLE is a commercial product produced by alkoxylating methanol. It contains 28 ether links per 63 carbon atoms and has a molecular weight of 1,400.
  • “Synperonic”A50 is a commercial product produced by condensing a mixed C l3 and C 15 alcohol (7 to 3 by molar ratio) with c. 50 moles of ethylene oxide per mole.
  • Synperonic OP40 is a product of condensing octyl phenol with c. 40 moles of ethylene oxide per mole.
  • M.W. means molecular weight

Abstract

Compositions comprising a salt of an alcohol ether sulphate can be diluted without undue problems due to gel formation if a suitable quantity of a compound of molecular weight 500 to 10,000 which comprises at least one polyalkylene glycol chain, the compound comprising at least two ether linkages per seven carbon atoms is present.

Description

  • THIS INVENTION relates to surface active compositions.
  • Alcohol ether sulphate salts of which the anion has the formula [RO(C2H4O)nSO3]- where R is an alkyl group having 10 to 20 and preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms and n is an integer in the range 1 to 7 and preferably 1 to 4 are known surface active agents which are used'in, for example shampoos, liquid dishwashing liquids etc.
  • They are normally produced by ethoxylating an appropriate alcohol, reacting the product with a sulphating agent for example H2S04, S03 or SO2Cl2 and neutralising with an amine for example a Cl to C5 mono alkyl amine or ammonia or with an alkali or alkaline earth base or ammonium compound to give the salt which is normally produced as a concentrate containing for example 65 to 75% by weight of the salt and a minor amount of water which includes any water of neutralisation and any introduced as solvent for the neutralising agent. Such concentrates are normally viscous liquids, but if free inorganic sulphates, for example sodium sulphate, or the unsulphated alcohol ethoxylate is present the concentrate may become an elastic gell which is difficult to handle.
  • The alcohol-ether sulphate salts are normally transported as concentrates and then diluted with water and optionally other materials to produce the product ultimately used by the consumer. On dilution of the concentrate another gell of a particularly troublesome type is encountered when a composition of about 55% of the alcohol ether sulphate salt and 45% of water is reached. Frequently ethanol is added to break the gells and allow dilution, but this represents a considerable expense and becuase of its volatility, a fire hazard.
  • We have found that the addition of a compound (other than a sulphate or sulphate salt) of average molecular weight 500 to 10,000, preferably 500 to 6,000 and more preferably 1,000 to 3,000, which comprises at least one polyalkylene glycol chain, the compound comprising a total of at least two ether linkages per seven carbon atoms, for example a polyethylene glycol of average molecular weight 500 to 6,000 reduces the problem of dilution with water. The said compounds are of low volatility, and the quantities required are small.
  • The invention comprises a composition comprising a salt of an alcohol ether sulphate of formula [RO(C2H4O)nSO3] -mMm+ where R and n are as previously defined, M is an ammonium, substituted ammcnium, alkali or alkaline earth metal ion and m is the valency of M, and a gel inhibiting quantity of a compound (other than a sulphate or sulphate salt) of average molecular weight 500 to 10,000, preferably 500 to 6,000 and more preferably 1,000 to 3,000, which comprises at least one polyalkylene glycol chain, the compound comprising a total of at least two ether linkages per seven carbon atoms, for example a polyethylene glycol.
  • The compound may be a polyalkylene or mixed polyalkylene glycol, for example polyethylene glycol or a mixed polyethylene/polypropylene glycol, a compound comprising a polyalkylene glycol chain linked to a phenol or alcohol for example an alkyl phenol (suitably having 4 to 12 carbon atoms in its alkyl group or groups) or alcohol (suitably having 1 to 16 and preferably 10 to 16 carbon atoms)/ethylene oxide condensate or with two or more polyalkylene glycol chains linked to a residue of a compound having two or more active hydrogen atoms, for example, glycerol or butane 1,4 diol. The compound is very suitably a polyethylene glycol.
  • By a gel inhibiting quantity is meant an amount sufficient to reduce the maximum elasticity of any gel encountered during dilution with water to at most 4 x 10-4 Newtons per sq mm and preferably at most 1 x 10-4 Newtons. In general 0.5 to 5% by weight of polyethylene glycol is used.. Compositions according to the invention tend to be thixotropic; they are readily pumpable in suitable conventional equipment.
  • The salt is suitably a sodium, potassium, magnesium or ammonium salt, and may be produced by neutralising the acid with a hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate of the cation. Direct neutralisation with ammonia or an amine may be carried out.
  • The invention also comprises a process in which the alcohol ether sulphate salt is mixed with a gel inhibiting amount of a compound (other than a sulphate or sulphate salt) of average molecular weight 500 to 10,000, preferably 500 to 6,000 and more preferably 1,000 to 3,000, which comprises at least one polyalkylene glycol chain, the compound comprising a total of at least two ether linkages per seven carbon atoms, for example a polyethylene glycol,and then diluted with water.
  • Preferably the compound has at least two ether linkages per five carbon atoms.
    • EXAMPLE
  • A sodium salt of a mixed C13 and C15 alcohol (7 to 3 by molar ratio) ethoxylated with an average of 3 mole C2H4O per mole of alcohol, sulphated with S03 and neutralised with NaOH solution to produce a 70% mixture by weight of the salt with water (hereinafter referred to as material A) was tested in an oscillating can rheometer to determine its dynamic viscosity and elasticity at a frequency of oscillation of 9.8 cycles per second. Material A with the specified additives was also tested in the same way.
  • The elasticity of Material A was.745 Nm-2 and its dynamic viscosity at 25°C at low shear was 39.5 poise.
  • Material A with 2.5% w/w of polyethylene glycol (800 mol wt) added had a dynamic viscosity under the same conditions of 37 poise at low shear and an elasticity of 3.2 x 10-4 N mm-2.
  • Material A with 1% w/w polyethylene glycol (1,COO mol wt) added had a dynamic viscosity under the same conditions of 34 poise at low shear and an elasticity of 4.1 x 10-4 N mm-2.
  • Material A with 2½ w/w polyethylene glycol (1,000 mol wt) added had a dynamic viscosity under the same conditions of 36 poise at low shear and an elasticity of 2.1 x 10-4 N mm-2.
  • The performance of other additives in material A is shown in the following table.
    Figure imgb0001
    "Synperonic" TLE is a commercial product produced by alkoxylating methanol. It contains 28 ether links per 63 carbon atoms and has a molecular weight of 1,400.
  • "Synperonic"A50 is a commercial product produced by condensing a mixed Cl3 and C15 alcohol (7 to 3 by molar ratio) with c. 50 moles of ethylene oxide per mole.
  • "Synperonic" OP40 is a product of condensing octyl phenol with c. 40 moles of ethylene oxide per mole.
  • M.W. means molecular weight.
  • Materials with the additives all diluted much more readily with water than the pure material. The time required for comparable dilutions was substantially less, for example one tenth, and no problems were encountered with gel formation during dilution.

Claims (7)

1. A composition which comprises a salt of an alcohol ether sulphate of formula [RO(C2H4O)nSO3]-mMm+ where R and n are as previously defined, M is an ammonium, substituted ammonium, alkali or alkaline earth metal ion and m is the valency of M, and a gel inhibiting quantity of a compound (other than a sulphate or sulphate salt) of average molecular weight 500 to 10,000, preferably 50Q to 6,000 and more preferably 1,000 to 3,000 which comprises at least one polyalkylene glycol chain, the compound comprising a total of at least two ether linkages per seven carbon atoms.
2. A composition as claimed in Claim 1 in which the compound of average molecular weight 500 to 10,000 is a polyethylene glycol.
3. A composition as claimed in Claim 2 in which the polyethylene glycol has an average molecular weight of 500 to 6,000.
4. A composition as claimed in any preceding claim in which 0.5 to 5% by weight of polyethylene glycol is present.
5. A composition as claimed in any preceding claim in which the salt of the alcohol ether sulphate is a sodium, potassium, magnesium or ammonium salt.
6. A composition as claimed in any preceding claim in which R is an alkyl group having 12 to 16 carbon atoms and n is an integer in the range 1 to 4.
7. A process in which an alcohol ether sulphate_ salt of which the anion has the formula [RO(C2H4O)nSO3]-where R is an alkyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms and n is an integer in the range 1 to 7 is mixed with a gell inhibiting amount of a compound (other than a sulphate or sulphate salt) of average molecular weight 500 to 10,000 which comprises at least one polyalkylene glycol chain, the compound comprising a total of at least two ether linkages per seven carbon atoms, and is then diluted with water.
EP82300640A 1981-02-19 1982-02-09 Surface active compositions Expired EP0059043B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8105257 1981-02-19
GB8105257 1981-02-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0059043A1 true EP0059043A1 (en) 1982-09-01
EP0059043B1 EP0059043B1 (en) 1985-08-21

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Family Applications (1)

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EP82300640A Expired EP0059043B1 (en) 1981-02-19 1982-02-09 Surface active compositions

Country Status (10)

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EP (1) EP0059043B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS57155298A (en)
AR (1) AR228638A1 (en)
AU (1) AU555929B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8200899A (en)
CA (1) CA1165660A (en)
DE (1) DE3265500D1 (en)
ES (1) ES9000010A1 (en)
NO (1) NO158565C (en)
ZA (1) ZA821048B (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0402051A2 (en) * 1989-06-05 1990-12-12 Mobil Oil Corporation Processes for the preparation of saturated alcohol derivatives and their use in detergent: plasticizer: and synthetic lubricant formulations
EP0816479A1 (en) * 1996-06-28 1998-01-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Dishwashing compositions with improved resistance to gelling
WO2002000580A1 (en) * 2000-06-26 2002-01-03 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Alcohol mixtures having 13 and 15 carbon atoms and the use thereof in the preparation of surface-active substances
WO2002077143A1 (en) * 2001-03-21 2002-10-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Hand dishwashing composition

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07274346A (en) * 1994-03-29 1995-10-20 Mirai Ind Co Ltd Dust-proof packing for box

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2198992A1 (en) * 1972-09-11 1974-04-05 Procter & Gamble Europ
FR2216346A1 (en) * 1973-02-05 1974-08-30 Colgate Palmolive Co Detergent soap soln contg alkyl polyethoxy sulphate - and a detergent salt to reduce soap stains on clothes washed in hard water
US3963649A (en) * 1972-09-11 1976-06-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Liquid detergent composition
GB2054635A (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-02-18 Kao Corp Detergent composition
US4304680A (en) * 1973-02-05 1981-12-08 Colgate-Palmolive Company Laundry soap

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50116383A (en) * 1973-10-29 1975-09-11
JPS5335711A (en) * 1976-09-14 1978-04-03 Kao Corp Neutral liquid detergent composition
JPS5916598B2 (en) * 1978-12-05 1984-04-16 ライオン株式会社 Enzyme-containing cleaning composition
DE3066054D1 (en) * 1979-09-01 1984-02-09 Henkel Kgaa Watery tenside concentrates and process for the improvement of the flowing property of difficultly movable watery tenside concentrates
DE3166233D1 (en) * 1980-02-05 1984-10-31 Procter & Gamble Liquid detergent composition

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2198992A1 (en) * 1972-09-11 1974-04-05 Procter & Gamble Europ
US3963649A (en) * 1972-09-11 1976-06-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Liquid detergent composition
FR2216346A1 (en) * 1973-02-05 1974-08-30 Colgate Palmolive Co Detergent soap soln contg alkyl polyethoxy sulphate - and a detergent salt to reduce soap stains on clothes washed in hard water
US4304680A (en) * 1973-02-05 1981-12-08 Colgate-Palmolive Company Laundry soap
GB2054635A (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-02-18 Kao Corp Detergent composition

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0402051A2 (en) * 1989-06-05 1990-12-12 Mobil Oil Corporation Processes for the preparation of saturated alcohol derivatives and their use in detergent: plasticizer: and synthetic lubricant formulations
EP0402051A3 (en) * 1989-06-05 1992-03-25 Mobil Oil Corporation Processes for the preparation of saturated alcohol derivatives and their use in detergent: plasticizer: and synthetic lubricant formulations
EP0816479A1 (en) * 1996-06-28 1998-01-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Dishwashing compositions with improved resistance to gelling
WO2002000580A1 (en) * 2000-06-26 2002-01-03 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Alcohol mixtures having 13 and 15 carbon atoms and the use thereof in the preparation of surface-active substances
US7183446B2 (en) 2000-06-26 2007-02-27 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Alcohol mixtures having 13 and 15 carbon atoms and the use thereof in the preparation of surface-active substances
WO2002077143A1 (en) * 2001-03-21 2002-10-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Hand dishwashing composition
US6790818B2 (en) 2001-03-21 2004-09-14 Procter & Gamble Company Hand dishwashing composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3265500D1 (en) 1985-09-26
NO158565C (en) 1988-10-05
NO820510L (en) 1982-08-20
ZA821048B (en) 1982-10-27
NO158565B (en) 1988-06-27
EP0059043B1 (en) 1985-08-21
ES9000010A1 (en) 1989-10-16
JPH0525920B2 (en) 1993-04-14
AR228638A1 (en) 1983-03-30
JPS57155298A (en) 1982-09-25
CA1165660A (en) 1984-04-17
AU555929B2 (en) 1986-10-16
AU8048582A (en) 1982-08-26
BR8200899A (en) 1982-12-28

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